EP4301487A1 - Systeme et procede regenerable de filtration de microfibres d'un liquide de vidange - Google Patents
Systeme et procede regenerable de filtration de microfibres d'un liquide de vidangeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4301487A1 EP4301487A1 EP22705804.7A EP22705804A EP4301487A1 EP 4301487 A1 EP4301487 A1 EP 4301487A1 EP 22705804 A EP22705804 A EP 22705804A EP 4301487 A1 EP4301487 A1 EP 4301487A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- granular medium
- liquid effluent
- filtration
- regeneration
- enclosure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 133
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 59
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011118 depth filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010852 non-hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004758 synthetic textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
- B01D24/4631—Counter-current flushing, e.g. by air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
- B01D24/10—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container
- B01D24/12—Downward filtration, the filtering material being supported by pervious surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
- B01D24/4694—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter containing filter material retaining means (e.g. screens, balls) placed on the surface of the filter material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2101/00—Types of filters having loose filtering material
- B01D2101/04—Sand or gravel filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the elimination of microfibers contained in an emptying liquid of a device for treating textiles, such as a washing machine.
- microfibers from synthetic clothing are microfibers from synthetic clothing. These microplastics are mainly released during the washing of synthetic textiles in the form of microfibers, due to the abrasion of the fabrics during the washing cycle. More than 700,000 microscopic fibers can thus be released into wastewater each time a household washing machine is used, with many likely to pass through wastewater treatment and thus end up in the environment.
- the quantity of fibers released during the washing of textiles would correspond to a quantity varying from 0.005 to 0.02% of the weight of the washed textiles depending on the nature of the textile.
- Other studies consider that the release of fibers during the washing of textiles would even correspond to a quantity varying from 0.02 to 0.1% of the weight of the washed textiles depending on the nature of the textile.
- France passed a law relating to the fight against waste and the circular economy in which article 10 bis AAB provides that new washing machines must be equipped with a plastic microfibers from January 1 , 2025. France is the first country in the world to take such a step.
- Application WO 2017/121862 is also known, which describes a woven filter plastic bag in which the clothes to be washed are introduced and capable of retaining some of the textile microfibers.
- the bag has perforations whose diameter is between 5 and 200 ⁇ m, preferably 50 ⁇ m. If the problem of microfibers is addressed here, one can wonder if putting clothes in a bag will not harm the washing of these. In particular, dirt particles larger than microfibers will not be able to be evacuated properly. The mechanical action of the drum may also be less effective if the clothes are in a bag. The document does not detail how certain microfibers will not escape again when the clothes are removed from the bag.
- Patent application WO 2019/017848 describes a system for retaining microfibers, comprising a filter cartridge in a removable enclosure, to be positioned at the outlet of a washing machine, based on microfiltration membranes made of polyethylene nanofibers .
- the membrane has a preferential pore diameter around 50 ⁇ m and is optionally doped with aluminum oxide nanoparticles to improve the adsorption of the microfibers.
- the filter membrane described in this document has a certain mobility, which allows it to have an anti-clogging function. However, despite this anti-clogging function, the filter cartridge containing the microfiltration membrane marketed to date has a lifetime of 20 washing cycles.
- the system for filtering microfibers according to the invention comprises a filter cartridge comprising a granular medium, which can be inserted into a removable enclosure.
- the system according to the invention is provided with only two openings and does not require valves. Indeed, the opening connected to a drain line of a washing machine for the supply of the liquid effluent can be temporarily disconnected for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium of the filter cartridge.
- the modular and removable design of the system according to the invention makes it possible to easily replace the filter cartridge, for example if the clogging is too great to be eliminated by simple regeneration, without having to change the entire filtration system.
- the filtration system according to the invention is designed to be cleaned simply, using a commercial device such as a vacuum cleaner, to recover the microfibers deposited in the granular filter.
- the invention relates to a regenerable system for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent from a textile treatment device, comprising at least: an enclosure formed by, in the operating position, at least an upper casing and a lower casing , a filtration cartridge disposed inside said enclosure, means for supplying said liquid effluent into the enclosure comprising at least one opening arranged in said upper casing of said enclosure and above said filtration cartridge, means for discharging said liquid effluent comprising at least one opening provided in said lower casing of said enclosure and below said filtration cartridge, means for assembling between them in a removable manner at least said upper and lower casings.
- system according to the invention is such that:
- said filtration cartridge comprises a granular medium occupying a portion of the volume of said filtration cartridge, said granular medium being surmounted by a free volume;
- said enclosure comprises means for connection to means for regeneration by gas suction of said granular medium, comprising at least said opening arranged in said upper casing of said enclosure;
- said means for supplying said liquid effluent and said means for connecting to means for regenerating said granular medium by gas suction are configured to alternately allow connection to a drain pipe of said textile treatment device and connection to said means for regeneration by gas suction of said granular medium.
- said filtration cartridge may comprise a pipe arranged to short-circuit said granular medium in the event of an accumulation of said liquid effluent above said granular medium, said pipe of said filtration cartridge being preferably provided with a deflector in its upper part and/or with a non-return valve in its lower part.
- said conduit of said filtration cartridge may further comprise a liquid detector, preferably connected to an alarm.
- said free volume above said granular medium may represent at least 20% of the volume of said granular medium, preferably between 30 to 50% of the volume of said granular medium, and is preferably 40% the volume of said granular medium.
- said granular medium may comprise particles of sand, crushed glass beads or raw glass beads, particles formed based on natural or synthetic zeolite, based on alumina, or still based on resins or plastic.
- said granular medium may comprise particles of size between 0.1 mm and 2 cm for at least 80% by weight of said particles, preferably between 0.3 and 2.5 mm for at least 90% by weight of said particles.
- a liquid distributor can be arranged between said filtration cartridge and said opening arranged in said upper casing of said enclosure and/or a gas distributor can be arranged between said filtration cartridge and said opening of said means for discharging said liquid effluent.
- At least said opening arranged in said upper casing of said enclosure of said means for supplying said liquid effluent and of said means of connection to means of regeneration by gas suction of said granular medium can have a internal diameter of at least 30 mm, preferably between 30 mm and 35 mm.
- said means for supplying said liquid effluent and said means for connecting to means for regeneration by gas suction of said granular medium may comprise fittings.
- the invention further relates to a process for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent from a textile treatment device, said process being implemented by means of a regenerable system for the filtration of microfibers as described above. - above.
- Said method comprises at least the following steps:
- At least one phase of filtration of said microfibers is carried out comprising at least the passage of said liquid effluent through said granular medium by means of at least said means for supplying said liquid effluent, and said filtered liquid effluent is evacuated from said microfibers by means of said means for discharging said liquid effluent;
- a regeneration phase is carried out by gas aspiration of said granular medium.
- step B) can be repeated between 50 and 150 times, preferably about 100 times, before performing steps C) and D).
- the method may comprise, prior to step B), a step of pretreating said liquid effluent, said step of pretreating said liquid effluent comprising at least one injection of at least one flocculant in said liquid effluent and/or at least one settling of said liquid effluent and/or at least one cyclonic separation of said liquid effluent.
- the method may comprise, prior to step C), a phase of draining said granular medium, carried out by connecting said gas suction means at least to the opening of said means of evacuation of said liquid effluent, and/or a drying phase of said granular medium, carried out by means of means for heating said granular medium.
- the invention further relates to a filtration cartridge comprising a granular medium occupying a portion of the volume of said filtration cartridge and being surmounted by a free volume, said filtration cartridge being configured to be inserted and removably fixed to the regenerable system for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent as described above.
- the invention further relates to a device for treating textiles, comprising at least one regenerable system for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent as described above.
- Figure 1a illustrates a first embodiment of the filtration cartridge of the filtration system according to the invention.
- Figure 1b illustrates a variant of the first embodiment of the filtration cartridge of the filtration system according to the invention shown in Figure 1a.
- Figure 2a illustrates a first embodiment of the filtration system according to the invention.
- Figure 2b illustrates a variant of the first embodiment of the filtration system according to the invention shown in Figure 2a.
- Figures 3a and 3b show enlargements of the upper part of the upper casing of the system according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 presents a possible configuration of the system according to the invention for carrying out a regeneration phase by gas aspiration.
- the invention relates to a regenerable system and method for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent from a textile treatment device.
- microfibers we mean particles from woven or knitted materials, composed of natural (cotton, wool, etc.) or synthetic (polyester, polyamide, acrylic, etc.) fibers such as clothing or fabrics used in the clothing or for any other application (for example sheets, curtains, etc.) in private individuals or in industry.
- the microfibers normally entrained in the drain water of a washing machine, are generally elongated in shape, with diameters generally between 0.1 and 50 microns. The length of the fibers can range from a few fiber diameters up to several mm depending on the nature and condition of the materials that are washed upstream.
- a textile treatment device in particular a device for washing textiles, for example an individual washing machine (or even a washing machine), for domestic or commercial use, a set of washing machines laundry (e.g. in laundries), industrial laundry (e.g. laundry), etc.
- a textile treatment device according to the invention generally comprises any device bringing a textile into contact with a liquid, the liquid then being separated from the textile, such as a device for dyeing a textile, or even a device for waterproofing a textile.
- Liquid effluent from at least one textile treatment device means the liquid from emptying the textile treatment device, for example the liquid after washing and/or rinsing and/or spinning in the case of 'a washing machine.
- drainage liquid Conventionally, the microfiber load of the liquid effluents leaving textile treatment devices is generally limited, with contents of between 0.1 and 1000 ppm by weight, generally between 1 and 100 ppm by weight.
- the system according to the invention is intended to be connected to a pipe for emptying a textile treatment device, for example at the end of the pipe for emptying the textile treatment device.
- the connection of the system to a pipe for draining a textile treatment device is made in such a way as to allow, in the operating position, an essentially vertical flow of liquid effluent through the filtration system.
- the general principle of the filtration system according to the invention consists of the filtration of the microfibers contained in a liquid effluent from a textile treatment device, by percolation of this liquid effluent through a granular medium contained in a filtration cartridge. An essentially vertical flow, from top to bottom, through the granular medium, is therefore advantageous.
- the system according to the invention is also intended to be connected to means for regenerating the granular medium by gas suction, for example to a conduit of a commercial or industrial vacuum cleaner.
- the filtration system according to the invention is regenerable.
- the connection of the system to means of regeneration by gas suction is carried out in such a way as to allow a gas flow from the bottom upwards (relative to the service position in filtration) through the filtration system.
- the system according to the invention is preferably installed outside the washing machine, for example at the end of the pipe for emptying the textile treatment device.
- An external positioning allows easy access to intervene on the filtration system, for example to extract the filtration cartridge, or to connect the system to means of regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium as will be described below.
- the system according to the invention comprises at least:
- An enclosure formed by, in the operating position (that is to say in a position suitable for filtration), at least one upper casing and one lower casing;
- the filtration cartridge comprises the filter medium consisting of a granular medium to capture the microfibers in the granular stack, using the principle of depth filtration;
- Means for supplying the liquid effluent to the enclosure comprising at least one opening arranged in the upper casing of the enclosure, above the filter cartridge.
- this opening allows the liquid effluent to pass through the granular medium contained in the filtration cartridge from top to bottom, or else in other words, this opening allows percolation of the liquid effluent through the granular medium;
- Means for discharging the liquid effluent comprising at least one opening arranged in the lower casing of the enclosure, below the filtration cartridge: and located under the filtration cartridge.
- these removable assembly means allow in particular access to the filtration cartridge arranged inside the enclosure formed by the assembly of the upper casings and lower;
- the opening of the means for supplying the liquid effluent in the enclosure is the same opening as that of the means for regenerating said granular medium by gas suction;
- the means for supplying the liquid and the means for connection to means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium are configured to alternately allow connection to a drain pipe of the textile treatment device and a connection to means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium.
- the general principle of the filtration system according to the invention consists of the filtration of the microfibers contained in a liquid effluent from a treatment device textiles, by percolation of this liquid effluent through a granular medium.
- the system according to the invention comprises an enclosure, formed by the removable assembly of an upper casing and a lower casing, and inside which is arranged a filtration cartridge comprising the granular medium .
- the system according to the invention is moreover configured to be connected to means of regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium, so as to eliminate in particular the microfibers having deposited in the granular medium.
- the fact that the granular medium is contained in a filtration cartridge allows the replacement of the filtration cartridge, when the latter is defective or if, due to use under abnormal conditions such as water loaded with microparticles other than textile microfibers, the granular medium of the filter cartridge is too dirty to be regenerated. Under normal conditions of use, that is to say for a liquid effluent essentially loaded with textile microfibers, the process can be implemented with the same filtration cartridge which can be regenerated.
- the means for supplying the liquid and the means for connection to means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium are configured to alternately allow connection to a drain pipe and connection to means regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium, which allows simplified operation of the system according to the invention.
- the free volume above the granular medium makes it possible on the one hand to avoid the risk of backflow of the liquid effluent in the event of accumulation above the granular medium (which can occur in the event of clogging of the granular medium), and on the other to allow the expansion of the particles during the regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium as will be described below.
- the free volume above the granular medium represents at least 20% of the volume of the granular medium, preferably between 30 to 50% of the granular medium, and is preferably 40%.
- Such free volumes are necessary to allow the expansion of the particles during the regeneration phase by gas suction of the granular medium.
- a free volume between 30 to 50% allows optimum efficiency of the regeneration phase while limiting the dimensions of the filtration cartridge, and thus the size of the system according to the invention.
- the granular medium according to the invention comprises at least one bed of particles as will be described below.
- the method according to the invention generally comprises at least one step of filtering the microfibers contained in a liquid effluent from a treatment device textiles, by percolation of this liquid effluent through a granular medium, followed by a step of regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium.
- the filter cartridge gradually becomes loaded with microfibers and microparticles contained in the liquid effluents.
- the system according to the invention can then be disconnected from the drain line of the textile treatment device to be connected to gas suction means.
- the regeneration phase is carried out by means of an ascending flow of a gas corresponding to air.
- the enclosure resulting from the assembly of the upper and lower casings, can be of cylindrical or parallelepipedic shape, and can preferably be elongated along the axis of the flow of the liquid effluent. crossing the enclosure (that is to say along a vertical axis).
- the enclosure and the filtration cartridge have corresponding shapes, so as to allow the insertion of the filtration cartridge into the enclosure.
- the sections of the enclosure and of the cartridge are dimensioned so as to allow the filtration cartridge to be inserted with a small clearance inside the enclosure.
- the filter cartridge has a substantially cylindrical shape
- the upper and lower casings forming the enclosure also have a substantially cylindrical shape
- the internal diameter of the casing has substantially the same dimension as the external diameter of the filter cartridge, to the nearest clearance determined according to the mechanical tolerance enabling the filter cartridge to be assembled inside the casings.
- the filtration cartridge is fixed in a removable manner to the enclosure, for example by means of bolting, screwing by clipping (snap-fitting), or even a bayonet assembly.
- the filtration cartridge is sized and arranged in the enclosure so that a free volume in the enclosure is formed at least above the filtration cartridge, and preferably also below the filter cartridge. filtration.
- This or these free volumes above and below the filter cartridge make it possible to avoid the risk of backflow of the liquid effluent in the event of accumulation, due for example to clogging of the granular medium of the filter cartridge. Clogging of the granular medium can occur due to the deposition of microfibers in the granular medium, but generally by any type of solid material, including limestone deposits.
- the filtration cartridge comprises upper and lower walls at least permeable to the liquid effluent, so as to allow the flow of this effluent through the filter cartridge.
- the upper and lower walls are therefore in fact permeable to gases in general (that is to say to all gases), in particular to gas which can be used for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium as will be described. lower.
- the granular medium rests on the lower wall of the filtration cartridge.
- the filtration cartridge can be cylindrical or parallelepipedic in shape, and is preferably elongated along the axis of the flow of the liquid effluent passing through the enclosure (that is to say along a vertical axis).
- the upper and lower walls of the cartridge can be fixed integrally to the side walls of the filtration cartridge by removable fixing means (for example by screwing, clipping, etc.), in order to allow their maintenance.
- the opening of the means for supplying the liquid effluent can be arranged in the upper wall of the upper casing according to the invention, preferably in a central part of this upper wall (for example located in a zone centered on the barycenter of the upper wall, and whose radius can correspond to 30% of the smallest dimension of the upper wall).
- An opening arranged in a central part of the upper wall of the enclosure allows a laterally more homogeneous distribution of the liquid effluent compared to an eccentric opening.
- the opening of the means for discharging the liquid effluent can be arranged in the lower wall of the lower casing according to the invention, to avoid an accumulation of the filtered liquid effluent in the bottom of the enclosure.
- this opening can be connected to a waste water evacuation system, such as a siphon upstream of a sewage device.
- a lifting pump can be implemented to ensure the evacuation of the filtered effluent.
- the system according to the invention also comprises means for connection to means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium (that is to say means capable of being connected to means for regeneration by gas suction), thanks to a gas suction operated through the opening located in the upper part of the enclosure, above the filter cartridge.
- means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium that is to say means capable of being connected to means for regeneration by gas suction
- a gas suction operated through the opening located in the upper part of the enclosure, above the filter cartridge under the effect of the suction flow, an upward convective gaseous movement is generated in the bed of particles.
- the particles of the filtration bed are set in motion and fluidized, without being entrained with the gas stream.
- the fibers smaller than the particles constituting the filtration bed are entrained with the ascending flow.
- the means of regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium aim to prevent clogging of the granular medium which may result from the accumulation in particular of filtered microfibers in the granular medium.
- the means for regenerating the medium granular can be a vacuum cleaner for domestic or industrial use.
- the gas of the gas suction means is air, which avoids means for storing the gas or gas admission means other than a vent line. Indeed, in this case, the air can be sucked either through the opening of the liquid effluent evacuation means arranged in the lower casing if the enclosure has not been disassembled, or through the base filter cartridge if the enclosure has been disassembled to remove the bottom cover.
- the opening of the means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium therefore corresponds to the opening of the means for supplying the liquid effluent into the enclosure.
- the opening provided in the upper casing of the enclosure can be used both for the supply of the liquid effluent and for the regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium. This allows a simplified manufacture and use of the upper casing of the enclosure by a user (single connection point, no valves to handle).
- the means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium can be configured to eliminate the microfibers from the granular medium when the accumulated volume of microfibers represents 0.1 to 10% of the porosity of the granular medium, preferably 0.5 to 5% of the porosity of the medium granular. In this way, it is possible to carry out a hundred filtration phases before regenerating the granular medium of the system according to the invention.
- the means for supplying the liquid effluent to the enclosure and the means for connection to the means of regeneration by gas suction are configured so as to alternately allow connection to a drain pipe of a device treatment of textiles and means of regeneration by gas aspiration.
- the means for supplying the liquid effluent to the enclosure and the means for connection to the gas suction regeneration means are configured to meet the operating constraints of both the textile treatment devices and the means regeneration by gas suction, in particular to minimize both a pressure drop when the liquid effluent passes through the enclosure and a pressure drop when the gas passes from the gas suction means into the enclosure and/or to guarantee tightness to the liquid effluent and to the gas of the gas suction regeneration means.
- the duct for draining a washing machine generally consists of a hose whose internal diameter is less than or equal to 25 mm, which makes it possible to ensure the evacuation of washing water without generating a loss. heavy load.
- the ducts of the means gas suction, and at least the ducts of commercial vacuum cleaners generally have an internal diameter greater than 30 mm.
- the gas velocity is more important than the liquid effluent velocity and these dimensions are necessary to minimize the pressure drop of the flow.
- the common opening of the means for supplying the liquid effluent into the enclosure and of the means of connection to the means of regeneration by gas suction can have an internal diameter at least equal to the internal diameter of the gas suction regeneration means.
- the common opening of the means for supplying the liquid effluent and of the means for regeneration by gas suction has an internal diameter of at least 30 mm, preferably between 30 and 35 mm.
- Such diameters make it possible to avoid limiting the flow during the regeneration phase with gas suction regeneration means at least of the commercial vacuum cleaner type.
- the outer diameter of the drain pipe of the washing machine is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the common opening of the means for supplying the liquid effluent and the means for regeneration by gas suction, the drain pipe of the washing machine can be inserted into the common opening of the means for supplying the liquid effluent and the means of connection to the means for regenerating said granular medium.
- the means for connecting the means of regeneration by gas suction and/or the means for supplying the liquid effluent may comprise a connector (such as for example a ring), in particular to overcome to the differences in diameter between the common opening of the means of connection to the means of regeneration by gas suction and of the means for supplying the liquid effluent and the emptying ducts and/or of the gas suction means, but also for guarantee the tightness of the connection between these different elements.
- a connector such as for example a ring
- the upper wall and/or the lower wall of the filtration cartridge permeable to the liquid effluent can consist of a grid, or a porous support open to the passage of fluids, the size of the openings of the grid or of the porous support being however less than the particle size of the granular medium.
- This grid or porous support open to the passage of fluids makes it possible to retain the particles of the granular medium inside the filtration cartridge, during handling of the cartridge and during regeneration by gas suction.
- such a grid or porous support open to the passage of fluids can also allow a more homogeneous distribution of the liquid effluent on the granular medium, thus improving the filtration quality of the system according to the invention.
- this porous grid or support open to the passage of fluids can serve as a pre-filter and retain objects of a size comparable to the size of the particles of the granular bed or larger outside the filtration cartridge.
- a grid or porous support open to the passage of fluids can also allow a more homogeneous distribution of fluids during the regeneration phase of the granular medium.
- the upper wall and/or the lower wall of the filtration cartridge can consist, for example, of two superimposed plates with holes between which a sieve grid will have been placed, the holes of the plates having a size greater than the average size of the particles while the sieve grid has a mesh smaller than the average size of the particles constituting the granular medium.
- the upper wall and/or the lower wall of the filtration cartridge can be made of a simple rigid or supported sieve grid, the mesh size of which has a mesh smaller than the average size of the particles constituting the granular medium.
- the upper wall and/or the lower wall of the filtration cartridge can consist of a plate of sintered material allowing the passage of fluids inside the sintered material.
- the porosity of the upper wall can be sized according to a gas flow pressure drop of between 10 and 2000 Pa for a gas flow of 1 m/s at atmospheric pressure and at 25° C., and preferably between 5 and 1000 Pa.
- the lower wall of the filter cartridge can be sized to provide some resistance to gas flow during regeneration, while providing low resistance to liquid passage during filtration.
- the porosity of the lower wall can be dimensioned according to a pressure drop of between 100 and 10,000 Pa for a gas flow of 1 m/s at atmospheric pressure and at 25° C., preferably between 500 and 5,000 Pa and very preferably between 1000 and 3000 Pa.
- a jet aerator can also be arranged in the enclosure, above the upper wall of the filtration cartridge, and under the opening for the supply of the liquid effluent, allowing the introduction of the liquid effluent from the washing machine located in the upper casing so as to disperse the latter and thus prevent an excessively powerful jet of liquid effluent from impacting the permeable medium of the upper wall of the filtration cartridge or the granular medium .
- the jet aerator can for example have the shape of a solid or hollow cone, a double cone or a disc, or any other shape making it possible to disperse a fluid.
- a liquid distributor can also be arranged in the enclosure, above the upper wall of the filtration cartridge, and under the opening for supplying the liquid effluent.
- a liquid dispenser allows a homogeneous distribution of a liquid.
- the liquid distributor can be a perforated plate with liquid retention.
- a gas distributor can be placed between the filtration cartridge and the opening allowing the gas to be admitted from the gas suction means, that is to say at least the opening of the gas evacuation means. liquid effluent.
- a gas distributor allows a homogeneous distribution of a gas.
- the gas distributor can be a perforated plate.
- the orifices of the perforated plate are dimensioned so that the pressure drop generated during the passage of the gas through the orifices leads to a uniform distribution of the gas at the outlet of the distributor.
- the means for removably assembling together at least the upper and lower casings of the enclosure can be screwing, clipping (snap-fitting), bolting, bayonet assembly, or any other means. known means for mounting and dismounting the lower and upper casings.
- the means for removably assembling together at least the upper and lower casings may comprise flat flanges assembled together by means of bolted connections.
- these means for assembling between them in a removable manner at least the upper and lower casings also make it possible to seal against the liquid effluent of the assembly, and preferably also against the gas of the regeneration means. by gas aspiration. In this way, the fluids flow entirely within the enclosure.
- sealing can for example be ensured by grooves dug in the flanges of the casings, making it possible to place an O-ring which will then be crushed when the flanges are tightened.
- the means for removably assembling together at least the upper and lower casings can make it possible to removably assemble the filtration cartridge, the lower casing and the upper casing.
- the filtration cartridge is firmly attached to the enclosure, which makes it possible to guarantee that the filtration cartridge is maintained in the service position in the enclosure.
- the means for removably assembling together the upper and lower casings as well as the filtration cartridge can comprise flat flanges or flanges assembled together by means of bolted connections.
- the means for removably assembling together the filtration cartridge, the lower casing and the upper casing may consist of screwing means, for example for screwing the filtration cartridge inside the upper casing and inside the upper case.
- the means for removably assembling together the filtration cartridge, the upper casing and the lower casing may comprise means for guaranteeing the tightness of the assembly, at least against the liquid effluent and preferably also gas means of regeneration by aspiration carbonated.
- these means may consist, for example, of flanges located at the base of the two casings and resting on a flange of the filtration cartridge.
- sealing can for example be ensured by grooves dug in the flanges of the casings making it possible to place an O-ring which will then be crushed when the three flanges are tightened.
- a thread on the outer wall of the filter cartridge and the inner wall of the upper casing can make it possible to assemble the cartridge in the upper casing by screwing, until reaching a stop corresponding to the flange of the filter cartridge.
- the side walls of the filtration cartridge can be formed in a transparent material, which is a possible property with materials such as PVC, polycarbonates, or even PMMA (poly methyl acrylic methacrylate).
- Transparency allows the user, when the lower casing is disassembled or when the filtration cartridge is detached from the enclosure, to check the state of the granular medium and in particular its clogging, as well as to check the correct progress of the phase. regeneration of the granular medium.
- the filtration cartridge may comprise a granular medium short-circuit pipe, arranged in such a way as to allow the evacuation of an accumulation of the liquid effluent in the free volume of the filtration cartridge above the granular medium.
- part of the liquid effluent which may have accumulated above the granular medium enters through an opening in this pipe located above the granular medium and is evacuated through an opening in this pipe located below the granular medium.
- This pipe which acts as a short-circuit, makes it possible to avoid a backflow of the liquid effluent via the upper face of the filtration cartridge which could lead to clogging of the drainage system of the textile treatment device.
- the pipe according to this design can preferably be provided with a deflector in its upper part, to prevent the liquid effluent entering via the upper part of the filtration cartridge from penetrating directly into this pipe.
- this internal short-circuit pipe can also be equipped with a non-return valve, making it possible to prevent gas rising in the short-circuit in the upward vertical direction during a regeneration phase of the granular medium by gas suction. .
- the internal short-circuit of the filtration cartridge can comprise a liquid detector, preferably connected to an alarm.
- a liquid detector makes it possible to detect the presence of water circulating in the short circuit, which can be an indicator that it is recommended to carry out a regeneration phase of the medium granular since at least part of the liquid effluent is no longer filtered by the system according to the invention.
- This liquid detector can for example consist of two metal branches separated by a few millimeters, positioned inside the conduct of the short-circuit, and supplied with electricity (for example by means of a battery, a or a connection to an electrical network). When the water passes between the two branches, the electric current is established and can trigger an alarm, for example light and/or sound.
- the light signal can advantageously be maintained over time, that is to say even after the passage of water in the short-circuit pipe, in order to alert the user if he was not present at the when the alarm is triggered.
- FIG. 1 a illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a first embodiment of the filtration cartridge of the system according to the invention.
- the filtration cartridge 10 is delimited by side walls 11, and lower 13 and upper 14 walls.
- the lower 13 and upper 14 walls are in the form of a grid whose mesh size allows the passage of the liquid effluent while retaining the particles of the granular medium 1 inside the filter cartridge 10.
- the granular medium is surmounted by a free volume 40.
- the filtration cartridge 10 is provided with a flange 12 allowing its integral assembly with the upper casing (not shown) of the enclosure.
- the position of the collar is located above the granular bed, which then makes it possible to observe the state of the granular medium by simple dismantling of the lower casing.
- FIG. 1b presents a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 1a, identical in all respects to this first embodiment (thus, the common elements will not be described again), and in which the filtration cartridge 10 is equipped of a short-circuit system formed by a pipe 15 and a deflector 16.
- the pipe 15 comprises an opening located above the granular medium 1 and an opening located below the granular medium, making it possible to evacuate the excess full of accumulated liquid above the granular medium 1.
- the deflector 16 arranged above the upper opening of the pipe 15 makes it possible to prevent the liquid effluent entering via the upper part of the filtration cartridge 10 from penetrating directly in line 15.
- the internal short-circuit is also provided with a non-return valve 57 preventing gas rising in line 140 in the upward vertical direction during a regeneration phase of the granular medium.
- FIG. 2a illustrates, schematically and without limitation, a first embodiment of the filtration system according to the invention, comprising an enclosure formed by the assembly of an upper casing 20 and a lower casing 30, and a filter cartridge.
- filtration 10 assembled integrally with the upper 20 and lower 30 casings.
- the lower casing 30 and the upper casing 20 have sections which allow the insertion, with a small clearance, of the filtration cartridge 10 inside the casings 20, 30.
- the upper housing 20 and bottom 30 are provided with means making it possible to be fixed together integrally and in a removable manner to the filter cartridge 10. These means consist of two flat flanges 25, 35 resting on the flat flange 12 of the filter cartridge.
- a stop 24 (respectively a stop 34) is arranged on the internal side wall of the upper casing 20 (respectively of the lower casing 30), over the entire periphery of the upper casing 20 (respectively of the lower casing 30).
- the upper face of the upper casing 20 comprises an opening 21, 22, formed by an orifice at the end of a tube 22 integral with the upper casing 20, this opening 21, 22 being intended to be connected alternately either to the evacuation pipe of the liquid effluents from a textile treatment device (not shown), or to means for regenerating the granular medium 1 by gas suction (not shown).
- This opening 21, 22 is positioned in the center of the upper face of the housing 20, which allows axial introduction of the liquid effluents from the washing machine and axial withdrawal of the gas drawn in, and thus better distribution of the fluids in the filtration cartridge 10
- the underside of the lower casing 30 comprises an opening 31, 32, formed by an orifice at the end of a tube 32 integral with the lower casing 30, and allowing a connection to a waste water evacuation system, such as a siphon upstream of a sewage system (not shown).
- the opening 31, 32 is positioned in the center of the underside of the lower casing 30, which facilitates the collection and evacuation of the liquid effluent filtered under the filter cartridge 10 and an axial admission of the sucked gas.
- this configuration of the openings 21, 22, 31, 32 of the upper 20 and lower 30 casings allows a better distribution of the fluids in the granular medium 1 .
- FIG. 2b presents a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 2a, identical in all respects to this first embodiment (thus, the common elements will not be described again), and in which a jet aerator 27 is arranged between the opening 21, 22 for the supply of the liquid effluent and the filtration cartridge 10.
- this jet aerator is arranged in the axis of the opening 21, 22 for the supply of the liquid effluent, which makes it possible to disperse the liquid effluent evenly over the section of the granular medium 1.
- the jet aerator 27 is fixed to the upper casing 20 by rigid rods 28, and has the shape of a cone.
- Figures 3a and 3b show enlargements of the upper part of the upper casing of the system according to the invention, so as to detail the means for connecting the opening of the upper casing of the system of the invention to a drain pipe of a washing machine laundry machine and a commercial vacuum cleaner.
- the upper face of the upper casing 20 comprises an opening 21, 22 (formed by an orifice at the end of a tube 22 integral with the upper casing 20) of internal diameter 30 mm.
- the outer diameter of the drain line 21 of the washing machine is 32 mm, and is therefore greater than the inner diameter of the opening 21, 22.
- a ring 40 adjusted to the internal diameter of the drain pipe 41 is inserted into the opening 21, 22 and the drain pipe 41 is inserted on this ring.
- the inside diameter of the commercial vacuum cleaner pipe 43 is larger than the inside diameter of the opening 21, 22 but is smaller than the outside diameter of the opening 21, 22. In this case, the connection between the pipe of the commercial vacuum cleaner 43 and the opening 21, 22 is ensured by the ring 42.
- the granular medium according to the invention comprises at least one bed of particles, hereinafter equivalently called “filtering bed” or “filtration bed”.
- the granular medium may comprise a plurality of layered beds of particles, each held by a support that is not impermeable at least to the liquid effluent.
- the support is therefore in fact also not impermeable to gases in general, and in particular to the gas used for the regeneration of the granular medium by gaseous fluidization.
- the support for the granular medium for each stepped bed (possibly with the exception of the last bed which can rest directly on the underside of the filtration cartridge) can be a grid, whose meshes are sized to retain the granular medium while allowing the passage of at least the liquid effluent.
- the liquid effluent can flow by percolation through each of the stepped beds, from the top downwards.
- the material constituting the particles of a bed can be defined by its composition, but also by its particle size and its density. Different types of particles can be envisaged to constitute a bed of particles, as described below.
- the particles of a bed can be particles of sand, or alternatively crushed glass balls or raw glass balls, particles formed from natural or synthetic zeolite, based alumina, or based on resins or plastic.
- the materials mentioned above in fact have the advantages of being easily accessible commercially and have properties (in particular of density as will be discussed below) adapted to the intended application.
- the particles of a bed can be made of a material whose surface properties have been modified to promote the retention of the microfibers, by phenomena of physico-chemical affinity with the textile microfibers (by modifying the electrostatic properties particles in particular), or even to limit the affinity of these particles with water (via a hydrophobic treatment, for example by covering the particles such as glass beads with a Teflon film), which makes it possible to facilitate the drying of the bed before regeneration.
- the particle size of the particles influences the filtration and regeneration capacity of the granular medium vis-à-vis the microfibers, by acting on the resistance to flow to fluids.
- the size of the particles can be comprised, for at least 80% by weight of the particles, between 0.1 mm and 2 cm, preferentially comprised, for at least 90% by weight of the particles, between 0.3 and 2.5mm.
- the mean equivalent diameter of the particles of the granular medium (defined with respect to the size distribution by weight of the particles) of the particles can be between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, and preferably between 0.4 and 1. 2mm.
- the quantity of particles having a size of less than 0.1 mm can be less than 5% by weight.
- the beds can be made up of particles having decreasing particle sizes along the direction of the flow of the liquid effluent (that is to say from the top downwards), so as to allow a filtration first of the largest fibers, then of increasingly fine fibers.
- the density of the particles constituting a bed of particles affects the fluidization of the particles during regeneration (minimum speed making it possible to fluidize the bed and pressure drop across the bed).
- the materials described above to form particles generally have grain densities of between 1100 and 2800 kg/m 2 suitable for regeneration, for example by gas suction, even when the suction rate is moderate (for example with a domestic vacuum cleaner).
- hollow materials such as hollow glass or plastic balls, the grain density of which can be lower, which then makes it possible to regenerate the bed with lower fluid flow rates.
- the speed of passage of the liquid effluent in a bed of particles influences, on the one hand, the quality with which the retention of the fibers is achieved and, on the other hand, the pressure drop of the liquid effluent at through the particle bed.
- the system according to the invention can be sized so that the speed of filtration (superficial speed of the liquid effluent in the bed of particles) is between 1 and 100 m/h, preferably between 5 and 50 m/h.
- the system according to the invention can be sized so that the pressure drop offered by the bed of clean particles (that is to say before any filtration or after regeneration) is between 500 and 100,000 Pa, preferably between 1000 and 10000 Pa.
- a filtration rate of the liquid effluent and an appropriate pressure drop by means of a dimensioning well known to the specialist, carried out at least according to the quantity of effluent liquid to be filtered for a given time, the pressure at the discharge of the emptying of the textile treatment device and the positioning of the system according to the invention on the portion of the pipe for the emptying of the textile treatment device (in particular the positioning of the filtration system according to the invention in relation to the discharge of the drain from the textile treatment device and in relation to the waste water evacuation system to which the filtration system according to the invention is connected when it is in service) .
- the flow rate of the liquid effluent to be filtered depends on the capacity of the washing machine.
- the system according to the invention can be dimensioned so as to have filtration flow rates of between 1 and 25 l/min, preferably between 3 and 15 l/min.
- the filtration rate is a function of the filtration surface and the filtration rate described above.
- the diameter of the filtration cartridge can vary between 5 and 50 cm inside diameter, preferably between 10 and 30 cm inside diameter to have optimal filtration speeds as defined above.
- the height of a bed of particles can be between 0.5 and 5 times the equivalent diameter of the passage section of the bed of particles, preferably between 0.7 and 2 times the equivalent diameter of the passage section of the bed of particles , which allows time for the microfibers to settle in the porosity of the bed.
- the gas suction means can be supplemented by a particle separation system, arranged downstream of the gas suction means, such as a cyclonic chamber or a membrane filter, to collect the microfiber particles.
- a particle separation system arranged downstream of the gas suction means, such as a cyclonic chamber or a membrane filter, to collect the microfiber particles.
- vacuum cleaners for domestic use generally include such particle separation systems.
- the free volume above the granular medium in the filtration cartridge which serves as an accumulation zone during the filtration phase, makes it possible, during a regeneration phase of the bed, to contain the expansion of the bed associated with the fluidization of the bed. At the end of the bed regeneration phase, the suction flow is stopped and the particles sediment to again reform a filtering bed free of the fibers deposited during the prior filtration phases.
- the fibers collected during a regeneration phase can either be used as recycling material or disposed of as non-hazardous waste in appropriate collection systems.
- the speed of the rising gas during the regeneration of the bed of particles determines the stirring of the granular medium. It is well known to those skilled in the art that to set a bed of particles in motion, the gas must rise through the granular bed with a flow velocity greater than a speed called "minimum fluidization speed", which can be calculated using correlations well known to those skilled in the art (for example, as described in the document (Wen C.H. & Yu Y.H., Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp.
- the bed of particles can be fluidized by an upward movement of air, at a speed crossing the corresponding bed preferentially at a speed of between 2 and 20 times the value of the minimum fluidization speed, in order to promote the agitation of the particles of the bed, and thus to cause the flight of the collected microfibers which come out of the bed.
- the air rose nt through the bed can be between 3 and 10 times the minimum fluidization rate.
- this range of ascending gas speeds makes it possible to ensure fluidization, without requiring specific suction means.
- this range of rising gas velocities is generally compatible with the characteristics of the majority of commercial vacuum cleaners available for home use.
- the suction rate through the filter medium depends on the washing capacity of the washing machine.
- the system can be sized so as to have suction flow rates close to 10 to 1001/s, preferably between 20 and 40 l/s. s, making it possible to generate a suction vacuum of between 5 and 50 kPa, preferably between 20 and 40 kPa.
- the invention further relates to a method for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent, which can be advantageously implemented by means of the regenerable system for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent according to any one of the embodiments or any of the combinations of the embodiments described above.
- the method according to the invention comprises at least the following steps:
- A) the means for supplying the liquid effluent described above are connected to a pipe of a textile treatment device;
- At least one filtration phase is carried out comprising at least the passage of the liquid effluent through the granular medium by means of at least the means for supplying the liquid effluent described above, and the liquid effluent thus filtered by means of the liquid effluent discharge means described above;
- a regeneration phase is carried out by gas suction of the granular medium.
- step B) is repeated between 20 to 150 times, preferably about 100 times before carrying out steps C) and D).
- it is important to proceed regularly to the regeneration of the filter medium in order to avoid clogging, but it may not be necessary to carry out a regeneration phase systematically after each filtration phase, depending on the microfiber load of the liquid effluent. It is for example possible to estimate a frequency of triggering of the regeneration phase, by estimating a clogging speed of the porosity of the filter bed by accumulation of microfibers, from the concentration of microfibers in the liquid effluent at each wash. This embodiment, by avoiding systematic regeneration phases, notably allows energy savings.
- a regeneration phase is carried out by gas suction of the granular medium, after a plurality of filtration phases, when it is detected that the percolation rate of the liquid effluent slows down.
- a regeneration phase of the granular medium can be triggered as follows: for each filtration phase, the variation in the level of the liquid effluent in the free volume above the granular medium is measured as a function time; this measurement is compared with a reference value of the percolation rate, obtained for example by measurement when the granular medium is free of microfibers; when the measurement is less than at least 100% below the reference value, or preferably at least 50% below the reference value, a regeneration phase by gas suction of the granular medium at the end of the current filtration phase.
- the regeneration phase can only be triggered by gas suction of the granular medium after a predetermined period, taken from the end of the last filtration phase, allowing at least the drainage of the liquid effluent and preferably also the drying of the granular medium, in order to evacuate all the humidity contained in the granular medium.
- This predetermined duration can be between 3 and 7 hours, preferably 5 hours.
- to promote drying it is also possible to establish a natural or forced convection of gas through the granular medium, by keeping open the openings of the means for discharging the liquid effluent and the means of connection to the means of regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium.
- the predetermined duration will advantageously be limited when hydrophobic particles are used and/or the filter is constructed with a hydrophobic material.
- Figure 4 presents a possible configuration of the system according to the invention for carrying out the regeneration phase, configuration which is identical in all respects to that of Figure 2a (thus, the common elements will not be described again), at the except that the lower casing (not shown) has been disassembled from the upper casing 20 and the filter cartridge 10.
- the means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium can be connected to the opening 21, 22 which is a common opening serving both for the connection to the gas suction regeneration means (not shown) and to a drain line of a textile treatment device (not shown).
- the air intake is made at the level of the grid 13 constituting the underside of the filtration cartridge 10.
- the method according to the invention may comprise, prior to step C), a drainage phase of the granular medium, carried out by means of gas suction means connected to the system according to the invention so as to generate a downward flow gas through the granular medium.
- the gas suction means are connected this time at least to the opening of the liquid effluent discharge means.
- the suction of gas through an opening located in the lower casing allows forced convection of gas through the granular medium from top to bottom. This forced convection of gas entrains a large part of the residual liquid present in the interstices of the granular medium, thus facilitating its gravity flow and reducing the residual humidity of the bed.
- the system according to the invention can comprise means for collecting (such as water traps) the drained liquid effluent, located upstream of the opening connected to the gas suction means, to avoid excessive entrainment of liquid towards the gas suction means, these liquid entrainments possibly being harmful to the proper functioning of the gas suction means.
- the method according to the invention may comprise, after step B) and preferably after a drainage phase as described above, a phase of drying the granular medium, carried out by means of means for heating the granular medium .
- This drying phase allows accelerated drying compared to a drainage phase as described above which would be carried out over a sufficiently long time to result in the drying of the granular medium.
- this phase of drying the granular medium can be carried out by placing the filtration cartridge, which will have been removed beforehand from the enclosure of the system according to the invention, in a heating enclosure, such as for example a microwave oven or a conventional oven.
- this phase of drying the granular medium can be carried out by connecting gas blowing means to the system according to the invention so as to generate an ascending or descending flow of gas through the medium. granular, and by heating the gas beforehand before it enters the enclosure.
- the gas can for example be heated by means of a heat source (for example a heating resistor, a heat exchanger) located between the gas blowing means and the opening to which the gas blowing means are connected.
- the gas blowing means can be connected to the system according to the invention at the level of the opening of the means for regeneration by gas suction of the granular medium located above the granular medium, or at the level of the opening of the liquid effluent discharge means.
- the gas used is a gas with a low water vapor content.
- the gas blowing means may consist of a hair dryer.
- this phase of drying the granular medium can be carried out by causing a hot liquid to percolate through the granular medium, or by heating the walls of the granular medium.
- the heating of the wall of the granular medium can be achieved for example by placing a heating resistor in contact with the wall of the filtration cartridge, or in the very wall of the filter cartridge.
- the granular medium is heated to temperatures between 30 and 90°C, preferably between at least 50 and 70°C. Such temperatures are capable of allowing the evacuation of more than 95% of the residual humidity, present in the granular medium at the start of drying, within a period of less than 30 minutes, or even less than 10 minutes.
- the process according to the invention can comprise at least one stage of pretreatment of the liquid effluent, before its arrival on the granular medium (and therefore before stage B).
- this preliminary step of pretreatment of the liquid effluent can comprise a sub-step of injecting at least one flocculant into the liquid effluent, for example by means of the means of injection of a flocculant as described above.
- a flocculant promotes the agglomeration of fibers, or other particles contained in the drain liquid, the smallest, which facilitates their separation from the liquid effluent when passing through the granular medium.
- a flocculant in the form of mineral salts with polyvalent cations such as aluminum sulphate or ferric chloride, activated silica, or natural organic polyelectrolytes (starches, alginate) or synthesis (polymers of molecular mass high such as polycrylamides or polyvinylamines).
- the injection of a flocculant will preferably be carried out at a low content, generally between 1 and 20 ppm of the drainage liquid, and a device will preferably be used which promotes the mixing of said flocculant in the liquid effluent.
- Flocculation is particularly interesting in the case where the microfibers or particles present have dimensions of the order of a micron or less than a micron.
- the flocculant can also be injected at the same time as the detergent intended for washing textiles, and possibly be combined with the detergent.
- the preliminary step of pre-treatment of the liquid effluent can comprise a sub-step of decantation of the liquid effluent, carried out for example by means of a decantation chamber arranged upstream of the enclosure of the system according to the invention as described above.
- a settling chamber allows the largest fibers to settle by gravity.
- Such a preliminary settling sub-step can make it possible to capture the largest fibers and limit excessively rapid clogging of the granular medium, which can then more effectively capture the majority of the smallest fibers.
- the preliminary step of pretreatment of the liquid effluent can comprise a sub-step of passing the liquid effluent into a cyclonic separation chamber (such as a hydrocyclone) arranged upstream of the enclosure of the system according to the invention as described above.
- a cyclonic separation chamber such as a hydrocyclone
- Such a preliminary sub-step can make it possible to capture the largest fibers and to limit too rapid clogging of the granular medium, which can then more effectively capture the majority of the smallest fibers.
- the preliminary step of pre-treatment of the liquid effluent can comprise a sub-step of injecting at least one flocculant into the liquid effluent, followed by a sub-step of settling the effluent liquid and/or a cyclonic separation sub-step.
- the flocculant makes it possible to promote the agglomeration of the smallest fibers, which will increase the efficiency of the settling and/or cyclonic separation sub-step, before the passage of the liquid effluent, already discharged from the largest coarse fibers and/or fiber agglomerates, in the granular medium.
- the method according to the invention may also comprise at least one step subsequent to the regeneration step, consisting of collecting the microfibers from the regeneration phase, for example by means of a cyclonic chamber or a filter (eg membrane) placed downstream of the regeneration means by gas suction of said granular medium described above.
- a filter eg membrane
- the system and the method according to the invention make it possible to filter the microfibers of a liquid effluent, resulting from the washing, rinsing and/or spin-drying phases of a textile treatment device, with a capture efficiency microfibers greater than 50 microns greater than at least 80%.
- the system and the method according to the invention can be used over a long period, thanks to the possibility of regenerating the granular medium in which the microfibers can accumulate over time.
- the filter cartridge is easily regenerated thanks to easy-to-manage connection means for the user. Regeneration also makes it possible to recover the microfibers for later use.
- the modular and removable aspect of the system according to the invention makes it possible to change the filtration cartridge in the event of deterioration, for example when regeneration becomes inefficient (granular medium with scale for example), without having to change the entire filtration system. .
- the invention also relates to a filtration cartridge comprising a granular medium occupying a portion of the volume of the filtration cartridge as described according to any one of the above embodiments; the filtration cartridge being configured to be inserted and fixed in a removable manner to the regenerable system for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent according to any one of the embodiments described above.
- the invention also relates to a device for treating textiles, such as a washing machine, comprising at least one regenerable system for the filtration of microfibers contained in a liquid effluent according to any one of the embodiments described above.
- the application example described below relates to an application of the system and of the method for filtering microfibers according to the invention to an individual washing machine and to a commercial vacuum cleaner.
- the washing machine in this example has a washing capacity of 5 kg of laundry, and uses a maximum total quantity of water of 501 for each wash. are variable according to the choices of the user but the washing machine is characterized by the fact that the largest quantity that it is possible to evacuate during a phase during the wash is 151, the evacuation of the liquid being carried out in 3 mn. Between two washing machine evacuation cycles, the time is approximately 15 minutes minimum.
- the average fiber content in the waste water is close to 0.02 g/l, corresponding to an average fiber release rate of 0.02% relative to the weight of washed laundry, and an average quantity of fibers to be collected by the filter with each wash of 1 g on average for 5 kg of washed laundry.
- the washing machine drains liquids through a drain point located at the base of the washing machine 5 cm from the floor.
- a connection point to the mains drainage is available at a height of 15 cm above the washing machine's drain point (therefore 20 cm from the floor on which the washing machine rests).
- the filtration system according to the design described in Figure 2a is connected to a drain line of the washing machine.
- the references cited below therefore correspond to those of FIG. 2a.
- the enclosure is cylindrical, with an internal diameter of 25 cm and 70 cm high, and in which is inserted a filtration cartridge, also cylindrical, with an external diameter of 25 cm and 60 cm high.
- the granular medium 1 is placed over a height of 25 cm in the filtration cartridge 10. It is surmounted by a free volume with a height of 30 cm, the volume of which allows the accumulation of 15 l of liquid effluent.
- the underside of the filter cartridge is a grid with a mesh size of 0.15 mm.
- the middle granular 1 consists of sand whose average diameter is 0.5mm, and such that 90% of the sand particles have a size between 0.3 and 0.7mm.
- the average density of sand grains is estimated at 2550 kg/m3.
- the porosity (interstitial space) of the granular medium 1 is estimated at 41% of the granular volume after regeneration.
- the system according to this application example is connected to the drain pipe of the washing machine at the level of the opening 21, 22, located at a height of approximately 90 cm from the ground.
- the opening 31, 32 of the lower casing is therefore still located above the outlet of the washing machine drain, which makes it possible to connect this assembly to the usual waste water drain system, with a siphon and drain the filtered rinsing liquid by gravity.
- the characteristics of the bed allow filtration with a flow rate of 6 l/min by creating a pressure drop of less than 2000 Pa, corresponding to a hydrostatic height of 20 cm lower than the height free volume above the granular medium. As a result, filtration by percolation of the bed can be carried out in less than 4 minutes.
- the pressure drop has doubled and corresponds to about 4000 Pa, i.e. a hydrostatic height of 40 cm always lower than the height of the free volume 30.
- the inside diameter of the opening 21, 22 is 30 mm
- the inside diameter of the pipe of the commercial vacuum cleaner used is 31 mm
- the outside diameter of the drain pipe is 32mm.
- the connection of the opening 21, 22 to the drain pipe of the washing machine alternatively to the pipe of the commercial vacuum cleaner is configured as described respectively in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
- the drain line of the washing machine is disconnected from the opening 21, 22 and this opening 21, 22 is connected to a commercial vacuum cleaner (provided with a disposable filter bag), making it possible to create a convective current of ascending air through the granular medium 1, the air penetrating through the opening 31, 32.
- the vacuum cleaner makes it possible to suck 30 l/s with a suction of 40 kPa.
- the fluidization velocity of the particles is 19.5 cm/s. A minimum flow rate of 10 l/s is therefore required to fluidize the bed.
- the use of the vacuum cleaner which sucks up 30 l/s therefore makes it possible to fluidize the bed at a speed therefore corresponding to 3 times the minimum fluidization speed.
- the suction required to compensate for the pressure drop of the granular medium in the fluidized state is approximately 4000 Pa which is well below the suction capacity of the vacuum cleaner.
- the bed is therefore well fluidized, which makes it possible to evacuate the microfibers towards the filter bag.
- the suction is stopped and the sand particles sediment to reform the filtering medium.
- the system and process for the filtration of microfibers according to this design made it possible to eliminate between 80 and 90% of the fibers of length greater than approximately 50 microns.
- the dimensions of the filtration system described in the application example could be reduced by optimizing the operating conditions of the washing machine, for example by considering more frequent oil changes but with a smaller volume.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2101967A FR3120237A1 (fr) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Systeme et procede regenerable de filtration de microfibres d'un liquide de vidange |
PCT/EP2022/053703 WO2022184420A1 (fr) | 2021-03-01 | 2022-02-15 | Systeme et procede regenerable de filtration de microfibres d'un liquide de vidange |
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EP4301487A1 true EP4301487A1 (fr) | 2024-01-10 |
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EP22705804.7A Pending EP4301487A1 (fr) | 2021-03-01 | 2022-02-15 | Systeme et procede regenerable de filtration de microfibres d'un liquide de vidange |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP4301487A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3120237A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022184420A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB721531A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1955-01-05 | Turn Over Filter Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to filtering apparatus |
US3016147A (en) * | 1957-03-13 | 1962-01-09 | Whirlpool Co | Self-cleaning filter for laundry machine |
US4906367A (en) | 1989-03-27 | 1990-03-06 | Villagomez Timothy A | Lint strainer for washing machine drains |
CN105506934B (zh) * | 2014-09-22 | 2019-08-09 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | 洗衣机的过滤组件的自清洁方法 |
DE102016100493A1 (de) | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Oliver Spies | Rückhaltemittel für Kunststofffasern |
CN109219680A (zh) | 2016-03-31 | 2019-01-15 | 罗萨利亚项目股份有限公司 | 纤维捕集器和移除纤维的方法 |
WO2019017848A1 (fr) | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | Planet Care | Procédé et dispositif d'élimination de particules, de préférence de microfibres, des eaux usées |
CN110280053A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-27 | 江苏江华水处理设备有限公司 | 一种联合反冲洗的自适应纤维过滤器 |
-
2021
- 2021-03-01 FR FR2101967A patent/FR3120237A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-15 WO PCT/EP2022/053703 patent/WO2022184420A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-02-15 EP EP22705804.7A patent/EP4301487A1/fr active Pending
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FR3120237A1 (fr) | 2022-09-02 |
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