EP4300529B1 - Mittelspannungs- oder hochspannungsschaltsystem mit einem magnetsystem, das ein querfeld an einen vakuumschalter anlegt - Google Patents

Mittelspannungs- oder hochspannungsschaltsystem mit einem magnetsystem, das ein querfeld an einen vakuumschalter anlegt

Info

Publication number
EP4300529B1
EP4300529B1 EP22182517.7A EP22182517A EP4300529B1 EP 4300529 B1 EP4300529 B1 EP 4300529B1 EP 22182517 A EP22182517 A EP 22182517A EP 4300529 B1 EP4300529 B1 EP 4300529B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yoke
coil
arm
switch system
vacuum interrupter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22182517.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4300529A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Reuber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to EP22182517.7A priority Critical patent/EP4300529B1/de
Priority to CN202310755970.1A priority patent/CN117334516A/zh
Publication of EP4300529A1 publication Critical patent/EP4300529A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4300529B1 publication Critical patent/EP4300529B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6641—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings making use of a separate coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/38—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle for interrupting DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medium voltage or high voltage switch system, and a medium voltage or high voltage switchgear.
  • CN114023595A describes a direct-current transfer device and a direct-current combined electric appliance applying the same. It is described that the direct-current transfer device comprises a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and two electrified solenoids which are connected with a static conducting rod and a movable conducting rod of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber respectively. It is described that the direct-current combined electric appliance comprises a fuse, a direct-current mechanical switch and a direct-current circuit breaker, wherein the direct-current mechanical switch comprises the direct-current current transfer device; and the fuse and the direct-current mechanical switch are connected in parallel and then are connected in series with the direct-current circuit breaker.
  • a hybrid medium voltage or high voltage DC circuit breaker is a device where the arc voltage of a vacuum interrupter (VI) is used to transfer the current from a main path in which the VI is located to a parallel path with a semiconductor, where the current can then be switched off.
  • VI vacuum interrupter
  • Claim 1 defines a low voltage, medium voltage, or high voltage switch system.
  • a medium voltage, or high voltage switch system comprising:
  • the vacuum interrupter comprises a fixed contact and a movable contact.
  • a closed configuration of the switch system the vacuum interrupter is configured to maintain the movable contact in contact with the fixed contact.
  • the vacuum interrupter In an opening transition of the switch system the vacuum interrupter is configured to move the movable contact away from the fixed contact.
  • the magnetic system is configured to generate a magnetic field with magnetic flux lines that are directed through a gap between the movable contact and the fixed contact during the opening transition.
  • An axis of the vacuum interrupter is directed through the centre of the fixed contact and through the centre of the movable contact, and wherein the magnetic flux lines are directed perpendicularly to the axis of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the first arm of the yoke comprises a first permanent magnet and the second arm of the yoke comprises a second permanent magnet.
  • the yoke is configured such that the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are positioned on opposite sides of the axis of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the magnetic field with magnetic flux lines that are directed through the gap between the movable contact and the fixed contact during the opening transition comprises a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets.
  • the magnetic system comprises at least one coil configured to carry current.
  • the at least one coil is wound around at least one part of the yoke.
  • the magnetic field with magnetic flux lines that are directed through the gap between the movable contact and the fixed contact during the opening transition comprises a magnetic field generated when current is carried by the at least one coil.
  • a first coil of the at least one coil is wound around the first arm of the yoke and a second coil of the at least one coil is wound around the second arm of the yoke.
  • the at least one coil is configured to carry at least a portion of the current that flows between the fixed contact and the movable contact during the opening transition.
  • the switch system comprises a voltage limiting path parallel to the main path. During the opening transition the current commutes from the main path to the semiconductor path and the voltage limiting path.
  • a medium voltage or high voltage switchgear comprising at least one switch system according to the first aspect.
  • a medium voltage, or high voltage switch system comprises a vacuum interrupter 10, and a magnetic system 50.
  • the vacuum interrupter comprises a fixed contact 11 and a movable contact 12. In a closed configuration of the switch system the vacuum interrupter is configured to maintain the movable contact in contact with the fixed contact. In an opening transition of the switch system the vacuum interrupter is configured to move the movable contact away from the fixed contact.
  • the magnetic system is configured to generate a magnetic field with magnetic flux lines that are directed through a gap between the movable contact and the fixed contact during the opening transition. An axis of the vacuum interrupter is directed through the centre of the fixed contact and through the centre of the movable contact, and wherein the magnetic flux lines are directed perpendicularly to the axis of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the first arm of the yoke comprises a first permanent magnet 51 and the second arm of the yoke comprises a second permanent magnet 51.
  • the yoke is configured such that the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are positioned on opposite sides of the axis of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the magnetic field with magnetic flux lines that are directed through the gap between the movable contact and the fixed contact during the opening transition comprises a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets.
  • a coil of the at least one coil is wound around a part of the yoke between the first arm of the yoke and the second arm of the yoke.
  • a first coil of the at least one coil is wound around the first arm of the yoke and a second coil of the at least one coil is wound around the second arm of the yoke.
  • the at least one coil is electrically connected to the fixed contact.
  • the at least one coil is configured to carry at least a portion of the current that flows between the fixed contact and the movable contact during the opening transition.
  • the at least one coil is electrically connected to the movable contact.
  • the at least one coil is configured to carry at least a portion of the current that flows between the fixed contact and the movable contact during the opening transition.
  • the yoke comprises iron.
  • the switch system 60 comprises a main path 61 and a semiconductor path 62 parallel to the main path.
  • the vacuum interrupter is located in the main path, and in the closed configuration of the switch system is configured to carry current via the main path. During the opening transition the current commutes from the main path to at least the semiconductor path.
  • the switch system comprises a voltage limiting path 63 parallel to the main path. During the opening transition the current commutes from the main path to the semiconductor path and the voltage limiting path.
  • the vacuum interrupter is axially symmetric.
  • the vacuum interrupter does not utilize an arcing chamber.
  • a medium voltage or high voltage switchgear can then comprise at least one switch system as described above.
  • the new medium voltage or high voltage switch system is now described in specific detail, where reference is made to Figs. 1-6 .
  • the new development enables a standard medium voltage vacuum interrupter to be utilized, where an external magnetic field is generated, to provide for medium voltage low-range load break switching of DC currents.
  • the new development finds utility for any kind of switch where the vacuum interrupter carries the current when the switch is closed, and where an elevated arc voltage is desirable for commutating the current to a parallel arc quenching system for opening the circuit.
  • the vacuum interrupter that can be a standard MV VI, can therefore be in general axially symmetric and does not require additional provisions like e.g. an arcing chamber.
  • a MV VI can operate in a medium voltage situation in a manner comparable to a low voltage situation via utilization of the magnetic system.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a vacuum interrupter 1 with an external magnetic system 50 to enhance the vacuum interrupter's performance.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 comprises a fixed contact 11, a movable contact 12, upper and lower lids 13, 14, bellows 15 and a ceramic insulator 16.
  • the magnetic system 50 comprises two permanent magnets 51, driving magnetic flux in the direction indicated by the arrows, and an iron yoke 52 that is returning the magnetic flux back around the vacuum interrupter.
  • the magnetic system 50 is arranged in a way that its magnetic flux passes through the area between the fixed contact 11 and movable contact 12, where an electrical arc will start burning between the contacts 11 and 12 when the vacuum interrupter is opening.
  • Fig. 2 shows the principal arrangement of the main components of a medium voltage hybrid DC switch or circuit breaker 60.
  • a main path 61 with a vacuum interrupter 1 carries the nominal current with low losses.
  • the switch 60 When the switch 60 is opening, the current has to commutate from the main path 61 to the semiconductor path 62 and to the voltage limiting path 63.
  • Fig. 3 shows the vacuum interrupter 1 as it is also shown in Fig. 1 , but in a perspective view.
  • the ceramic insulator 16 has been omitted so that the fixed contact 11 and movable contact 12 can be seen in their relative position to the magnetic system 50.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative way to generate magnetic flux in the magnetic system 50.
  • a coil 53 is connected in series to the vacuum interrupter as part of the main current path 61 of the medium voltage (MV) DC hybrid switch or circuit breaker 60.
  • No permanent magnets 51 are required in this embodiment, as the magnetic flux perpendicular to the arc is generated by the main current itself.
  • the movable stem of the vacuum interrupter connected to the movable contact 12 is electrically connected to one terminal of the coil 53 by a contact system 17, that may be a sliding contact system or a flexible conductor.
  • Fig. 5 shows a combination of flux generation by permanent magnets 51 and coil 53.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment where two coils 53 are arranged at the ends of the arms of the yoke 52, positioned closely to the vacuum interrupter.
  • the magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the gap and the arc, so that an arc would be driven by the Lorentz force towards the observer when the technical direction of the current is from the fixed contact 11 to the movable contact 12, and away from the observer when the current is running vice versa. Due to that driving, the arc is elongated and the arc voltage is increased. This effect can be used to 1) switch off load currents when the driving voltage of the circuit in the low MV range 2) ensure the commutation of the current from the main path 61 to the semiconductor path 62 and the voltage limiting path 63.
  • MV DC CBs or current limiters for this purpose a separate commutation switch in series to the VI is required, but that can now be omitted.
  • the vacuum interrupter can be a standard vacuum interrupter it can be axially symmetrical. This means that there is no preferred direction for the current; the principle is working for any direction of the current. Also, additional provisions like an acring chamber are not foreseen in the standard MV VI.
  • a coil 53 is used for the same effect as provided by the permanent magnets 53, to induce a magnetic field perpendicularly to the gap. Also here, the principle will work for both directions of the main current. Alternatively, also two or more coils can be used; see Fig. 6 .
  • Permanent magnets and coil based induction can both be used together to generate an appropriate magnetic field.
  • the combination shown in Fig. 5 can generate an effective magnetic field, but here a certain direction of the main current has to be respected so that the magnetic flux from the coil 53 is in the same direction as the flux of permanent magnets 51, i.e. flux from 51 and from 53 are added and not subtracted. However, this is not difficult to achieve from standard electromagnetic knowledge.
  • Fig. 6 shows that two coils 53 are arranged in a way that their flux is pointing directly towards the contacts 11, 12. For very high currents, the effect is that more flux can reach the arcing area even when the iron yoke is already saturated.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig 6 can also be equipped with permanent magnets 51.
  • the new development has shown that the arc voltage of a standard vacuum interrupter can be increased from about 50V to several hundred volts with peak voltages above 1000V.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Niederspannungs-, Mittelspannungs- oder Hochspannungsschaltersystem, umfassend:
    - einen Vakuum-Unterbrecher (10); und
    - ein Magnetsystem (50);
    wobei der Vakuum-Unterbrecher einen festen Kontakt (11) und einen beweglichen Kontakt (12) umfasst;
    wobei der Vakuum-Unterbrecher in einer geschlossenen Konfiguration des Schaltersystems dazu eingerichtet ist, den beweglichen Kontakt in Kontakt mit dem festen Kontakt zu halten;
    wobei der Vakuum-Unterbrecher während eines Öffnungsvorgangs des Schaltersystems dazu eingerichtet ist, den beweglichen Kontakt vom festen Kontakt wegzubewegen; und
    wobei das Magnetsystem dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Magnetfeld mit Magnetflusslinien zu erzeugen, die während des Öffnungsvorgangs durch einen Spalt zwischen dem beweglichen Kontakt und dem festen Kontakt gerichtet sind;
    wobei eine Achse des Vakuum-Unterbrechers durch das Zentrum des festen Kontakts und durch das Zentrum des beweglichen Kontakts verläuft, und wobei die Magnetflusslinien senkrecht zur Achse des Vakuum-Unterbrechers gerichtet sind;
    wobei das Magnetsystem mindestens eine Spule (53) umfasst, die dazu eingerichtet ist, Strom zu führen, und wobei das Magnetfeld mit Magnetflusslinien, die während des Öffnungsvorgangs durch den Spalt zwischen dem beweglichen Kontakt und dem festen Kontakt gerichtet sind, ein Magnetfeld umfasst, das erzeugt wird, wenn Strom durch die mindestens eine Spule fließt;
    wobei die mindestens eine Spule elektrisch mit dem festen Kontakt verbunden ist; und
    wobei die mindestens eine Spule dazu eingerichtet ist, den Strom zu führen, der während des Öffnungsvorgangs zwischen dem festen Kontakt und dem beweglichen Kontakt fließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnetsystem ferner eine Jochstruktur (52) umfasst, wobei das Joch einen ersten Arm und einen zweiten Arm umfasst und wobei die Enden des ersten Arms und des zweiten Arms auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Achse des Vakuum-Unterbrechers angeordnet sind und die mindestens eine Spule um mindestens einen Teil des Jochs gewickelt ist.
  2. Schaltersystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste Arm des Jochs einen ersten Permanentmagneten (51) und der zweite Arm des Jochs einen zweiten Permanentmagneten (51) umfasst, wobei das Joch so eingerichtet ist, dass der erste Permanentmagnet und der zweite Permanentmagnet auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Achse des Vakuum-Unterbrechers angeordnet sind, und wobei das Magnetfeld mit Magnetflusslinien, die während des Öffnungsvorgangs durch den Spalt zwischen dem beweglichen Kontakt und dem festen Kontakt gerichtet sind, ein Magnetfeld umfasst, das durch die Permanentmagneten erzeugt wird.
  3. Schaltersystem nach Anspruch 2, wobei der erste Permanentmagnet am Ende des ersten Arms des Jochs und der zweite Permanentmagnet am Ende des zweiten Arms des Jochs angeordnet ist.
  4. Schaltersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei eine Spule der mindestens einen Spule um einen Teil des Jochs zwischen dem ersten Arm des Jochs und dem zweiten Arm des Jochs gewickelt ist.
  5. Schaltersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei eine erste Spule der mindestens einen Spule um den ersten Arm des Jochs und eine zweite Spule der mindestens einen Spule um den zweiten Arm des Jochs gewickelt ist.
  6. Schaltersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die mindestens eine Spule elektrisch mit dem beweglichen Kontakt verbunden ist.
  7. Schaltersystem nach Anspruch 6, wobei die mindestens eine Spule dazu eingerichtet ist, mindestens einen Teil des Stroms zu führen, der während des Öffnungsvorgangs zwischen dem festen Kontakt und dem beweglichen Kontakt fließt.
  8. Schaltersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Joch Eisen umfasst.
  9. Schaltersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das Schaltersystem einen Hauptpfad (61) und einen Halbleiterpfad (62) parallel zum Hauptpfad umfasst, und wobei der Vakuum-Unterbrecher im Hauptpfad angeordnet ist, und wobei das Schaltersystem in der geschlossenen Konfiguration dazu eingerichtet ist, Strom über den Hauptpfad zu führen, und wobei während des Öffnungsvorgangs der Strom vom Hauptpfad auf mindestens den Halbleiterpfad umgeschaltet wird.
  10. Schaltersystem nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Schaltersystem einen spannungsbegrenzenden Pfad (63) parallel zum Hauptpfad umfasst, und wobei während des Öffnungsvorgangs der Strom vom Hauptpfad auf den Halbleiterpfad und den spannungsbegrenzenden Pfad umgeschaltet wird.
  11. Niederspannungs-, Mittelspannungs- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage, umfassend mindestens ein Schaltersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
EP22182517.7A 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 Mittelspannungs- oder hochspannungsschaltsystem mit einem magnetsystem, das ein querfeld an einen vakuumschalter anlegt Active EP4300529B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22182517.7A EP4300529B1 (de) 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 Mittelspannungs- oder hochspannungsschaltsystem mit einem magnetsystem, das ein querfeld an einen vakuumschalter anlegt
CN202310755970.1A CN117334516A (zh) 2022-07-01 2023-06-26 中压或高压开关系统

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22182517.7A EP4300529B1 (de) 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 Mittelspannungs- oder hochspannungsschaltsystem mit einem magnetsystem, das ein querfeld an einen vakuumschalter anlegt

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4300529A1 EP4300529A1 (de) 2024-01-03
EP4300529B1 true EP4300529B1 (de) 2026-01-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22182517.7A Active EP4300529B1 (de) 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 Mittelspannungs- oder hochspannungsschaltsystem mit einem magnetsystem, das ein querfeld an einen vakuumschalter anlegt

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4300529B1 (de)
CN (1) CN117334516A (de)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3071667A (en) * 1959-08-12 1963-01-01 Gen Electric Vacuum-type circuit interrupter
US4021628A (en) * 1975-01-20 1977-05-03 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Vacuum fault current limiter
US4250364A (en) * 1978-10-13 1981-02-10 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Vacuum arc current limiter with oscillating transverse magnetic field and method
EP1760744A1 (de) * 2005-09-02 2007-03-07 Abb Research Ltd. Vakuumleistungsschalter mit durch einen Dauermagneten bewegtem Lichtbogen
DE102019219863A1 (de) * 2019-12-17 2021-06-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Konditionieren von Kontaktstücken für Elektroden einer Vakuumschaltröhre
CN111243900A (zh) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-05 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 一种液态六氟化硫弧压转移式直流断路器及其控制方法
CN112420443B (zh) * 2020-12-07 2022-05-17 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 提高开关电弧电压的装置及其控制方法
CN113327811A (zh) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-31 西安交通大学 一种振荡式直流断路器的灭弧室结构
CN114023595A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2022-02-08 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种直流电流转移装置及其应用的直流组合电器

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EP4300529A1 (de) 2024-01-03

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