Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
  • B44C3/005—Removing selectively parts of at least the upper layer of a multi-layer article
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
  • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
  • B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
  • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
  • B44C1/228—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by laser radiation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
  • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
  • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
  • G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/402—Coloured
  • B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2451/00—Decorative or ornamental articles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means

Definitions

• Laminated body with decorative layer Composite of layered body and molded body and method for producing the layered body
• the invention relates to a laminated body with a decorative layer over an electrical functional layer such as a touch sensor field, which provides, for example, a touch panel, slider, and/or other touch functionality, and a composite formed with this laminated body with a molded body such as a panel in a vehicle or on a machine and manufacturing method for manufacturing the laminated body.
• an electrical functional layer such as a touch sensor field
• a composite formed with this laminated body with a molded body such as a panel in a vehicle or on a machine and manufacturing method for manufacturing the laminated body.
• decorative and / or functional layered bodies such as bodies such as glass, metal and / or plastic panels in combination with moldings - designed with appropriate design - controls of the corresponding vehicles, means of communication, cell phones, computers and / or machines, e.g Coffee maker, washing machine, pose.
• the individualization and construction of such a decorative layered body requires printing machines that are not available everywhere.
• the decorative layered body which provides the information and the operating functionality, is usually placed on the molded body without a position tolerance that is sufficient for mass production. There is therefore a need to individualize decorative layered bodies, in particular the layered bodies with electrical functions such as LEDs, touch sensors, touch sensor fields, multi-touch screens after delivery by the manufacturer on site by the customer using simple measures - i.e.
• the invention relates to the construction of HMIs, i.e. human-machine interface components, with good positioning and/or or sharp symbols in combination with electrically conductive functional layers - e.g. B. touch sensors - is difficult.
• a decorative film for example, can be adversely affected during the subsequent back-injection process.
• a metallic foil such as metallic, non-conductive indium, which is semi-transparent
• the desired mirror effect with translucent symbols and at the same time an electrically conductive functional layer, for example a touch sensor can result in a large number of unacceptable components being rejected in mass production to lead.
• DE 102018 123473 A1 discloses a decorative film in which a transparent laser protective lacquer layer is arranged centrally between two colored lacquer layers.
• the disadvantage of this is that the second colored lacquer layer is expensive and the laser protective lacquer layer is complex to place between two colored lacquer layers.
• the subject matter of the present invention is a laminated body with at least one electrically conductive functional layer, a decorative layer and translucent laser protective layer, the laser protective layer being arranged between the decorative layer and the electrically conductive functional layer in such a way that it is adjacent to the electrically conductive functional layer without a colored lacquer layer in between.
• the subject of the invention is a composite of the layered body with a shaped body, the layered body being arranged between a light source and the surface of the shaped body facing the viewer.
• the subject matter of the present invention is a method for producing a laminated body, comprising at least one electrically conductive functional layer, at least one decorative layer and at least one laser protection layer, the laser protective layer being arranged between the decorative layer and the electrically conductive functional layer in such a way that it is attached to the electrically conductive layer without a colored lacquer layer in between Functional layer is adjacent and the method includes the following steps, which are carried out in particular in the following order: a) Provision of an electrically conductive functional layer b) Application of at least one translucent laser protection layer, in particular by means of printing, coating, laminating, embossing and/or laminating processes and/or by means of physical vapor deposition, without an intervening colored lacquer layer adjacent to the electrically conductive one Functional layer c) application of at least one decorative layer, in particular by means of printing, coating, laminating, embossing and/or lamination processes and/or by means of physical vapor deposition onto the translucent laser protection layer and d) removal of one or
• a layered body comprising a layer stack, with an electrically conductive functional layer that provides electrical or electronic functionality, such as a touch sensor, a display, a multi-touch sensor, through a decorative layer that is ablated by means of a laser - and/or can be written on, both "end-of-line" and after sale and delivery on site by the customer and/or after installation in a plastic molded part, can be easily individualized if
• the layer structure mentioned here of decoration layer, laser protection layer and electrically conductive functional layer generally comprises more than three layers, because firstly each of the layers mentioned can be constructed in one or more layers and secondly, one or more, identical or different, layers of adhesive, primer, protective layers and any combination of the aforementioned layers can also be provided between the layers.
• a laser protection layer is therefore provided between the decoration layer and the electrical functional layer in such a way that the laser protection layer adjoins the electrically conductive functional layer without an intervening colored lacquer layer.
• a laser system with a wavelength of 380 nm to 1400 nm is used for inscribing and/or decorating the decorative layer.
• the shaped body is, for example, a glass, metal and/or plastic panel, as used in vehicle cockpits, machine control panels and the like.
• the moldings according to the invention can also include any combination of materials.
• the composite of shaped body and layered body can, for example, be backlit and is e.g.
• a means of communication such as a computer, a mobile phone, etc.
• the "laser protection layer” provided here which can be designed in one or more layers, is designed in such a way that it scatters and/or deflects the laser beam that may pass through the decorative layer in such a way that it does not - completely - penetrate the laser protection layer and/or its power density reduced to such an extent that lower layers, in particular the electrically conductive functional layer(s), are not damaged. Provision is preferably made for the scattering of the impinging laser beam to be sufficient on the surface of the laser protective layer so that the laser protective layer itself is not damaged by a laser beam penetrating the decorative layer, either through the entire layer thickness of the laser protective layer or on the surface.
• one or both surface(s) of the laser protection layer are structured, in particular light-scattering surface structures can be provided.
• the “surface” refers in each case to the larger surface. In the case of one layer of a stack of layers, this is basically the surface that forms the area—that is, as a rule, the extent in the x, y direction, not the one that describes the height, that is, the extent in the z direction.
• a laser system with a wavelength of 380 nm to 1400 nm is used for ablating, inscribing and/or partially removing the decorative layer and thus for inscribing and/or decorating the decorative layer.
• the laser protection layer is preferably arranged directly--that is to say adjacent to the decorative layer--under certain circumstances, of course, with appropriate intermediate layers for gluing and/or primers.
• the laser protection layer protects the underlying layers of the layer stack, in particular the electrically conductive functional layer adjoining the laser protection layer without an intervening colored lacquer layer, from mechanical, physical and/or chemical environmental influences, and above all from damage caused by laser radiation.
• Laser removal of one or more areas of the decorative layer removes areas depicting images, patterns and/or alphanumeric characters. These are, for example, logos, symbols, pictograms, figures, letters, words, numbers, digits. By removing them using a laser, these areas then become recognizable and/or legible for the viewer.
• Process step d) “Removal by means of a laser” can also be followed and/or included by mechanical processing.
• the decorative layer can be removed in whole or in part.
• the "partial" removal of areas of the decorative layer means that the complete layer in the area was not removed, in the sense of a hole at the point in the layer and possible damage to an underlying layer, but that only a depression was created.
• a region of the decorative layer is, for example, partially vaporized by the laser irradiation, so that it is completely removed.
• Lasers can be used to ablate through the decorative layer, or only to a certain percentage of the layer thickness.
• the laser protection layer has, for example, a layer thickness in the range between 0.5 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, in particular between 1 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m, e.g. in the range between 50 pm and 120 pm, particularly preferably between 75 pm and 100 pm.
• a laser protection layer according to the invention can be formed in one layer--as a single layer--or in multiple layers--as a layer stack of several individual layers.
• the layer thicknesses and/or the materials of the individual layers of a laser protection layer can be the same or different.
• the laser protection layer can be present, for example, as a film or as a Composite and/or laminate of several foils.
• a film that is part of the laser protection layer can also be coated.
• films and/or individual layers that are part of the laser protection layer can include the same or different fillers.
• the laser protection layer comprises at least one individual layer, the particles that bring about the scattering of the light, in particular a laser beam.
• a preferably homogeneous distribution of light-scattering particles within a layer increases the protection of the layers underneath the laser protection layer from damage by laser treatment.
• bubbles, vesicles and/or pores can also be provided there in at least one individual layer of the laser protection layer. Pores or bubbles can also serve as scattering centers and thus account for the protective effect of the laser protection layer.
• the laser protection layer or an individual layer of a laser protection layer, can comprise open and/or closed pores, for example. Open pores are superficial on the sheet and closed pores are embedded in the sheet.
• the laser protection layer advantageously comprises a matrix material, in particular a glass, such as a thin glass, and/or a carbon-based polymer.
• the matrix material of the laser protection layer can be monomers, oligomers, polymers and/or copolymers, preferably made from compounds such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),
• Polyetherimide PEI
• PE polyacrylate
• PET polycarbonate
• PA polyamide
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• POM polyoxymethylene
• PI polyimide
• PU Polyurethane
• PES polysulfone
• the layered body has a laser protection layer which has a transmission of at least 25%, preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 85%.
• the translucent laser protection layer diffusely scatters transmitted light, in particular light in the wavelength range between 380 nm and 1400 nm.
• the transilluminatable laser protection layer has a haze value of at least 30 haze units, in particular at least 50 haze units, preferably at least 70 haze units and particularly preferably at least 85 haze units.
• the haze value is preferably determined in haze units in transmission according to the ASTM D 1003 standard.
• the haze value is measured using the "BYK haze-gard i" measuring device from Byk-Gardener, Geretsried,
• the layer or film to be measured is preferably held in the open sample chamber of the measuring device and applied to the so-called “haze port” of the device in particular for the haze value, with the measurement advantageously being carried out using standard light D65.
• the result of the measurement is then preferably displayed on the screen of the measuring device.
• the haze value is advantageously given in percent (%). Therefore it is possible that the unit of the haze value in this case is percent (%).
• the value range of the haze value is therefore preferably 0-100%. So it is possible that the haze units are percentages or that the haze units represent percentages.
• the maximum value is preferably 100%. Any values higher than 100% may occur, for example, in particular depending on the measuring principle used, are caused by additional scattered light effects and/or reflection effects during the measurement.
• haze is preferably understood to mean diffuse scattering, in particular large-angle scattering, which in particular leads to a decrease in imaging quality.
• the scattering centers are preferably particles or inhomogeneities in the material, on which in particular the light is scattered in all spatial directions, with advantageously only a low scattering intensity occurring at each solid angle. In particular, this causes a reduction in contrast, a diffuse image and/or a milky-cloudy appearance, with this effect preferably being referred to as haze or turbidity.
• the haze value is preferably a measure of the turbidity of transparent and/or translucent samples, for example plastic layers and/or films.
• the translucent, i.e. partially translucent, laser protection layer has, for example, a milky-cloudy and/or translucent appearance and more than 30%, preferably more than 50%, more preferably more than 70%, particularly preferably more than 85% of the transmitted light, in particular from the wavelength range between 380 nm and 1400 nm, by more than 2.5° from the direction of the incident light beam.
• the translucent laser protective layer can be colored, in particular for the translucent laser protective layer to be colored by means of dyes and/or colored pigments.
• the degree of pigmentation of the transilluminatable laser protection layer is preferably less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%.
• the degree of pigmentation says nothing about the amount of other particles present.
• the laser protection layer advantageously protects underlying layers of the layered body not only from damage caused by targeted laser irradiation, but also from mechanical, physical and/or chemical environmental influences.
• the decoration layer is preferably opaque and/or the decoration layer has a transmission, in particular in the wavelength range between 380 nm and 1400 nm, of at most 50%, preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 5%.
• the result of this is that the decorative layer, in particular when viewed from the side, creates a dark optical impression, in particular which provides a background that appears dark with regard to possible backlighting. In this way, in particular, a particularly high contrast can be achieved between the backlighting and this background, and the backlighting can be perceived sufficiently well even with low backlighting luminous intensities.
• the decorative layer preferably has a layer thickness of between 0.1 gm and 50 gm, preferably between 0.3 gm and 30 gm, particularly preferably a layer thickness of 0.5 gm to 17 gm, for example 7 gm.
• the decorative layer is also possible for the decorative layer to be multi-layered, in particular for the decorative layer to be formed from two or more partial layers, with the two or more partial layers preferably each having a layer thickness of between 0.1 gm and 50 gm, more preferably between 0.5 gm and 5 0gm.
• the partial layers can have the same or different transparency, color and layer thickness.
• the partial layers have different colors, in particular from the RGB color space or the CMYK color space.
• the decorative layer is colored, in particular that the decorative layer is colored by means of dyes and/or colored pigments.
• the degree of pigmentation of the decorative layer is preferably between 5% and 35%, preferably between 20% and 25%. It is desirable for the coloring of the decorative layer to be as opaque as possible, among other things so that the structures under the decorative layer disturb the appearance of the user as little as possible. For this reason, colors with high opacity are chosen for the coloring of the decorative layer.
• opaque color pigments often contain graphite particles and/or other electrically conductive particles. However, the electrical conductivity that can be generated in the decorative layer in this way disrupts the functionality of the electrically conductive functional layer within the layered body. For this reason, the choice of color pigments for the decorative layer is made in the area of conflict between opacity of the color shade and minimization of the content of electrically conductive color particles.
• the decorative layer when using a touch function through the electrically conductive functional layer in the layered body, it is advantageous if the decorative layer is not electrically conductive and therefore does not affect the capacitive touch sensitivity.
• the electrical surface resistance of the decorative layer should be greater than 1 mega ohm per square, advantageously greater than 10 mega ohms per square and particularly advantageously greater than 50 mega ohms per square.
• the at least one decorative layer comprises a monomer, oligomer and/or polymer, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), acrylate, polyamide (PA), and/or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Copolymer (ABS), in each case present individually and/or in any desired copolymers, mixtures, combinations and/or blends.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• PEN polyethylene naphthalate
• PA polyamide
• ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Copolymer
• the at least one decorative layer can be a graphite and/or metal layer, in particular an optically dense metal layer.
• metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, chromium, nickel, silver, platinum,
• the decorative layer facing the viewer may comprise a polymeric material as described above filled with fillers and/or pigments.
• the layered body comprises an electrical functional layer, which can also be formed in one or more layers.
• the electrically conductive functional layer can be in the form of a film composite, for example.
• the possible layer thicknesses of the electrically conductive functional layer correspond, for example, approximately to those of the laser protection layer, i.e. are in the range between 0.5 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, the layer thickness is preferably in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, for example between 1 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m. particularly preferably between 10 pm and 150 pm, for example in the range between 75 pm and 100 pm.
• the electrically conductive functional layer comprises, for example, at least one individual layer and/or a metal mesh film.
• This is an electrical functional layer that contains conductive, non-transparent tracks with a thickness - i.e. extension in the z-direction in the case of a flat functional layer whose area extends in space along the x-y direction - in the range from 2 nm to 5 pm , parallel to the surface of a transparent T essentially forming a pattern arranged so that in the pattern a conductor track distance is realized, which ensures the areal conductivity of the electrical functional layer with simultaneous transparency to the human eye.
• the electrical functional layer can also comprise a transparent carrier layer, for example in the form of a film or a coated film or a film composite, on which non-transparent electrical conductor tracks - for example as supply lines, which in turn can be located, for example, in an edge region that is not necessarily transparent is, can be accommodated - with a greater thickness of the conductor track, ie for example with a thickness of up to 20 pm, for example in the range of 4 to 14 pm in the z direction and a width in the x and y directions of up to 500 pm , are provided.
• a transparent carrier layer for example in the form of a film or a coated film or a film composite, on which non-transparent electrical conductor tracks - for example as supply lines, which in turn can be located, for example, in an edge region that is not necessarily transparent is, can be accommodated - with a greater thickness of the conductor track, ie for example with a thickness of up to 20 pm, for example in the range of 4 to 14 pm in the z direction
• the electrical functional layer represents an electrode
• the electrical functional layer has electrically conductive functional material on, below and/or in a carrier layer.
• the electrical functional layer comprises thin metal layers, in particular made of silver, copper, aluminum, gold, nickel, and any alloys thereof, as well as conductive silver, nanosilver, carbon-based conductive material, such as in particular carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silver Nanowires (AgNWs), conductive oxide layers, in particular indium tin oxide (ITO), conductive polymers, in particular PEDOT:PSS, alone or in any mixtures and/or combinations on and/or under a carrier layer and/or embedded in a carrier layer.
• conductive silver, nanosilver, carbon-based conductive material such as in particular carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silver Nanowires (AgNWs), conductive oxide layers, in particular indium tin oxide (ITO), conductive polymers, in particular PEDOT:PSS, alone or in any mixtures and/or combinations on and/or under a carrier layer and/or embedded in a carrier layer.
• the at least one functional layer forms at least one touch sensor field which, for example, has at least one input functionality such as audio control, gesture control, touch panel functionality, touch pad, in particular as a multi- or single-touch and/or at least one slider function and/or at least one rotary knob function includes all of the aforementioned options individually or in any combination.
• at least one input functionality such as audio control, gesture control, touch panel functionality, touch pad, in particular as a multi- or single-touch and/or at least one slider function and/or at least one rotary knob function includes all of the aforementioned options individually or in any combination.
• the subject matter of the invention is also a composite of the layered body and a shaped body, the layered body being arranged between the surface of the shaped body facing a user and at least one light source.
• the composite is formed by gluing, laminating, welding, soldering, fusing, mechanical fixing such as clamping, plugging, clipping together and/or combinations of the techniques mentioned and/or other known techniques.
• a connecting material in the form of a corresponding full-area or partially applied coating and/or foil can be provided on the surface of the shaped body and/or on the layered body.
• the shaped body has a surface that faces the user and an area to which the layered body can be fixed, which is generally opposite the surface facing the user.
• the shaped body can be transilluminated at least in regions, in particular it has both transilluminated and non-transilluminated areas.
• the molded body includes, for example, a plastic part that includes the surface that faces the user.
• the plastic part can be produced, for example, by injection molding.
• the injection molded component e.g. the plastic component 24 of FIGS.
• PC-ABS - Acrylonitrile / Butadiene / Styrene
• the element 24 of FIGS. 7 to 15 is made of glass and/or inorganic, in particular ceramic, material, for example.
• the sprayed component can furthermore be coated and/or overpainted and/or provided with an IMD topcoat.
• the shaped body comprises, for example, a film element which is provided with a decoration, e.g. indium, for example.
• the foil element is preferably made of polycarbonate PC, on top of which is a non-electrically conductive, semi-transparent layer such as black lacquer and/or indium as a metallic, non-conductive layer
• the light source includes, for example, one or more LEDs. If necessary, the light source backlights the shaped body, which is sufficiently transparent at least at this point, with the layered body also being translucent and—again, for example—on the one hand the display function and/or on the other hand the operating function at least partially fulfilled.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a laminated body, in particular a laminated body according to the invention, comprising at least one electrically conductive functional layer, at least one decorative layer and at least one translucent layer Laser protection layer, the laser protection layer being arranged between the decoration layer and the electrically conductive functional layer, the method comprising the following steps, which are carried out in particular in the following order: a) providing an electrically conductive functional layer b) applying at least one translucent laser protection layer, in particular by means of printing , coating, laminating, embossing and/or laminating processes and/or by means of physical vapor deposition, without an intermediate layer of colored lacquer and adjacent to the electrically conductive functional layer c) application of at least one decorative layer, in particular by means of printing, coating, laminating , embossing and/or laminating methods and/or by means of physical vapor deposition onto the translucent laser protection layer and d) removal of one or more areas of the decorative layer by means of a laser.
• the method step of removing one or more areas of the decorative layer by means of a laser is carried out in such a way that the decorative layer is only partially removed.
• the following considerations precede the method for changing the optical appearance of the decorative layer of a laminated body by means of laser radiation: 1. Determining a minimum laser intensity with which a target optical appearance of the decorative layer can just about be achieved when the laser radiation is radiated onto the decorative layer;
• a composite with a laser protection layer under the decoration layer can be customized on site and end-of-line with simple tools.
• the decorative layer when using a laser system with wavelengths of 380-1400 nm, the decorative layer can be processed in a very wide process window.
• the underlying functional layer does not suffer any damage. This would not be possible without the laser protection layer.
• the laser protection layer By using the laser protection layer, it is possible to use a very wide process window of power (Watt), frequency (Hz) and speed of the laser without having to fear damage to the layered body, in particular the functional, in particular electrically conductive, layers .
• Watt process window of power
• Hz frequency
• speed of the laser without having to fear damage to the layered body, in particular the functional, in particular electrically conductive, layers .
• a laser in particular a fiber laser, is used in step d), which emits coherent light, preferably from the visible range, i.e. in the range from 380 nm to 780 nm or the infrared range, more preferably light from the wavelength range between 780 nm and 1400 nm, even more preferably light of the wavelength 1064 nm.
• the following laser types can be used successfully here: Ytterbium fiber laser; diode laser; fiber coupled diode laser; Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet "Nd:YAG" laser.
• step d) is carried out with a laser power of between 0.05 W and 1000 W, preferably between 1 W and 500 W, more preferably between 5 W and 200 W.
• At least one area that represents a logo and/or a pattern and/or a symbol and/or an alphanumeric character is removed in step d).
• a laser in step d) is operated with a writing speed of at most 80000 mm/s, preferably with a writing speed between 500 mm/s and 10000 mm/s, and/or the laser is operated with a pulse frequency between 1 Hz and 10000kHz, preferably between 1kHz and 100kHz operated.
• Figures 1 to 5 show exemplary embodiments of the laser protection layer:
• Figure 1 shows a plastic film with scattering centers
• FIG. 2 shows a two-layer structure of a laser protection layer
• FIG. 3 shows a further multilayer structure of a laser protection layer
• FIG. 4 shows a laser protective layer that is superficially structured on one side
• FIG. 5 shows a laser protective layer that is superficially structured on both sides.
• FIG. 6 shows the schematic structure of an exemplary embodiment of a layered body
• FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of the individual elements arranged in the shoring direction for forming a composite of a layered body and a shaped body
• FIG. 8 shows an exemplary preparation of the individual elements from FIG. 7 for the formation of the composite of layered body and shaped body
• FIG. 9 shows the exemplary composite formed from the individual elements of FIGS. 7 and 8 and made up of layered bodies and shaped bodies
• FIG. 10 shows the diagram of an individualization of the network
• Laminated bodies and shaped bodies by laser irradiation for example when
• FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of a composite of an individualized layered body and a shaped body with flickering illumination.
• FIG. 12 shows another exemplary embodiment of the individual elements arranged in the shoring direction to form a composite of a layered body and a shaped body
• FIG. 13 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite made from the individual elements of FIG. 13
• FIG. 14 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite of a layered body and a molded body
• FIG. 15 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite of a layered body and a molded body.
• Figure 16 shows another embodiment in which the composite of layered body and molded body is formed at least partially mechanically
• Figure 17 shows another embodiment in which the layered body is pressed against the molded body and in which the decorative layer is on the underside of the molded body
• FIG. 18 shows a further exemplary embodiment of FIG. 13, in which the primer ZK adhesive layer is laser-structured together with the decorative layer
• FIG. 19 shows a further exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15, in which the primer and/or adhesive layer is laser-structured together with the decoration layer 3.
• FIG. 1 shows a transparent film 10, in particular a glass or plastic film, with an embedded scattering effect.
• the film 10 can be formed in one or more layers and has--as indicated by the hatching--embedded light-scattering elements, for example light-scattering particles and/or pores.
• the film 10 is, for example, applied and/or applied directly to an electrically conductive functional layer, as is part of the layered body—see FIGS.
• FIG. 2 shows another exemplary embodiment of the laser protection layer 4 with a transparent substrate and/or carrier film 11 which is coated on one side with a coating having scattering centers 12, for example a lacquer layer which includes light-scattering particles and/or pores.
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a laser protection layer 4, in which a coating with scattering centers 12, which is, for example, a lacquer layer and includes the scattering centers, for example in the form of light-scattering particles and/or pores, on both sides of the transparent substrate and/or carrier film 11. is upset.
• a coating with scattering centers 12 which is, for example, a lacquer layer and includes the scattering centers, for example in the form of light-scattering particles and/or pores, on both sides of the transparent substrate and/or carrier film 11. is upset.
• Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the laser protection layer 4, in which on a supporting layer 13 a structure 14 on one side on the surface is upset.
• the layer 13 can be designed as one or more transparent substrate and/or carrier films 11 and/or as a transparent film 10 .
• the supporting layer 13 can also be designed in one or more layers.
• FIG. 5 shows superficial structuring 14 of the supporting layer 13 on both sides.
• the structuring 14 can be uniform, forming a pattern, but also random and/or random.
• the structure 14 can be the same or different on both sides 14 of the supporting layer 13 .
• FIG. 6 shows a layered body 1, a decorative layer 3—completely black—shown because it has not yet been treated, in particular not described—an electrical functional layer 2 and a laser protection layer 4 in between.
• the decoration layer 3 can be formed, for example, as a black, light-tight layer.
• a connecting material 7 is preferably located between the decoration layer 3 and the laser protection layer 4, as well as between the laser protection layer 4 and the electrically conductive functional layer 2.
• the connecting material can be an adhesive, primer, protective layer and/or a combination of different materials, as is customary in the art be used for the formation of such composites.
• Figure 7 shows exemplary individual elements in the position of their planned connection to form the composite of a layered body 1 and a molded body 20.
• the layered body 1 Only the layered body 1, as known from FIG. 6, with the decorative layer 3, the laser protection layer 4 and the electrically conductive functional layer 2 can be seen from the bottom up.
• the connecting layer 26 On the laminated body 1 follows according to this embodiment, with a double arrow 20 to the laminated body 1, the connecting layer 26, one or layers of adhesive and / or primer such as
• Protective lacquer layer (s) includes and correspond to those of the laminated body 1 approximately in their dimensions.
• the composite can also be attached to the shaped body without connecting material and by simple mechanical attachment, such as hooking, clipping, clamping, for example, of the laminated body 1 - for example by attachment of the laminated body 1 to a component for backlighting, which in turn has sufficient mechanical strength for clamping , take place.
• the individual part 23 includes the frame element 27.
• This frame element 27 defines the shaped body 20—as shown here—a translucent area 21 that is translucent and/or sufficiently transparent to identify backlit elements, and a non-translucent area non-transparent area 22.
• the area 22 that cannot be transilluminated is defined by the frame element 27, which also delimits the area 21 that can be transilluminated.
• the structure of the shaped body 20 is arbitrary and different depending on the application. Different requirements are placed on coffee machine control panels than on sports car cockpits.
• the two individual parts 23 and 24, as shown here, are put together to form the shaped body 20.
• the item 23 is a foil element with or without decoration and the item 24 is a solid--e.g. 3D-shaped, injection-molded, printed or deep-drawn plastic molding and/or foil element, which can form a kind of carrier.
• the two individual parts 23 and 24 are connected to form the shaped body 20.
• the two individual parts 23 and 24 can be arranged in any order, so that according to another embodiment, one side of the film element 23 forms the surface 25 facing the user.
• the shaped body 20 shown in Figures 7 to 11 comprises a solid part 24 with a surface 25 facing the user with a translucent and therefore at least partially transparent region 21 behind the layered body 1 for forming the composite by means of a connecting layer 26 of adhesive , protective lacquer layer(s) and/or primer can be glued.
• FIG. 8 shows the next manufacturing step, in which the layered body 1 with a corresponding connecting layer 26 and the shaped body 20 with a correspondingly dimensioned translucent area 21 are prepared for the formation of the composite of layered body and shaped body.
• the layered body 1 projects beyond the translucent area 21 of the shaped body 20 at least on one side, as shown in FIGS.
• FIG. 9 shows the composite 30 of layered body 1 and shaped body 20 with connecting layer 26.
• the composite 30 has a surface 25 facing the user. This composite has not yet been damaged by laser irradiation Individualized decorative layer, as can be seen from the continuous black decorative layer 3 of the laminated body 1 .
• FIG. 10 shows the individualized and/or described assembly as it can be produced “end-of-line” or at the customer's site.
• the arrow 40 which represents a laser beam
• the movement of a laser beam 40 along the direction of the double arrow 43 uncovers areas 41 and 42 from the decorative layer 3 of the laminated body 1, which when backlit (not shown) are exposed to the Represent users on the surface 25 side differently than the areas of the full-surface and non-lasered decoration layer 3.
• These exposed areas 41 and 42 which lie within the translucent area 21 of the composite 30, represent the symbol and/or display areas in the finished product, for example .
• This structure makes it possible for the translucent areas of the assembly 21, 41 and 42, the symbols, display areas to be produced later for installation.
• the positional accuracy when assembling the individual parts to form the assembly 30 is irrelevant because large tolerance ranges are provided in the area 21 of the assembly that can be transilluminated.
• the exposed areas 41 and 42 are backed with color.
• the color can be applied, for example, via digital printing and/or pad printing.
• the composite also includes a protective lacquer on one or more sides.
• Figure 11 shows the assembly 30 of layered body 1 and molded body 20 according to the exemplary embodiment of the individual parts shown in Figures 7 to 10 with backlighting by a light source 50.
• This light source can, for example, include one or more LEDs 51 and 52 which - again, for example - on an electronic circuit board 53 are arranged.
• the transparent area 21 shows the viewer the lettering that is produced by the laser treatment according to FIG. 10 and through which the flickering illumination of the LEDs 51,
• FIG. 12 shows another exemplary embodiment in which the laminated body 1 has a different layer sequence, so that the electrically conductive functional layer 2 forms the bottommost layer.
• the laser protection layer 4 is arranged directly adjacent to the electrically conductive functional layer 2 and on top of that the decorative layer 3, which in the exemplary embodiment shown here has already been lasered, ie is individualized and/or written on.
• the laser treatment 40 before the formation of the composite 31 has the advantage that the uncovered areas 41 , 42 in the composite appear clearer and/or with optimal contrast for the user on the surface 25 side when backlit.
• the layered body 1 is connected to the shaped body 20 .
• the size of the areas 41 and 42 uncovered by the laser 40 is variable, depending on the application, but in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
• the composite 31 of layered body 1 and shaped body 20 according to FIG. 13 differs from the composite 30 in FIG. 11 in that the lasered decorative layer 3 with exposed areas 41 and 42 directly adjoins the shaped body 20 via a connecting layer 26 lying thereon and not through the composite Laser irradiation 40 is still writable.
• Figure 14 shows a composite 32, which differs from the two previously shown composites 30 and 31 from Figures 11 and 13 in that the non-translucent frame element 27 of the molded body 20, which separates the translucent transparent area 21 from the non-transparent, non-translucent area 22 separates, is arranged on the outside of the surface 25 of the shaped body 20 . Otherwise, the structure according to FIG. 14 corresponds to that known from FIG.
• FIG. 15 shows the composite 33, which in terms of the structure of the shaped body 20 corresponds to that from FIG.
• FIG. 16 shows a structure corresponding to Figure 15, i.e. with the frame element 27 on the outside of the composite of layered body 1 and shaped body 20, with the difference from Figure 15 that the layered body 1 is attached to the shaped body 20 by mechanical pressure through the two snap hooks with locking lugs 28 is pressed.
• the laminated body 1 is applied to one or more light shafts 54 which are fixed on the electronic circuit board 53 by means of an adhesive and/or primer system, for example comprising the connecting layer 26 .
• the electronics circuit board 53 is in turn mechanically connected to the film body 20 via latching lugs and snap hooks 28 .
• the upper part of FIG. 16 again shows the composite of shaped body 20 and layered body 1.
• the connecting layer 26, which is in particular an adhesive and/or primer layer, can be applied to the laminated body 1 over the entire surface or only partially, i.e. entirely or only in certain areas, e.g. in the areas adjoining the light shaft 54, as in the lower area of the figure 16 shown.
• FIG. 17 upper representation of a composite 31 corresponding to FIG. 13—shows the principle of the connection as in FIG. 16, in particular by mechanical means such as the snap hook with latching lugs 28 , which forms the composite of shaped body 20, light source 50 and layered body 1 via the mechanical fixation with the shaped body 20.
• the light source 50 here includes, for example, two LEDs 51, 52, the electronic circuit board 53 and the light shafts 54.
• the layered body 1 includes at least one decorative layer 3, a laser protection layer 4 and an electrically conductive functional layer 2.
• the molded body 20 includes a translucent one Area 21 has a non-translucent area 22, a frame element 27, a flexible film element 23, for example, as part of the molded body 20, a solid plastic component 24, which provides the surface 25 facing the user, and in the exemplary embodiment shown here also either the latching lugs or the snap hooks 28 for the formation of the mechanical mounting of the electronic circuit board 53 - which is equipped with the layered body 1, among other things - on the shaped body 20.
• the connecting layer 26 for connecting the electronic circuit board 53 to the layered body 1 for example an adhesive and/or primer layer, on the layered body 1 can again be applied over the entire surface or only partially—in particular on the areas of the light wells 54 .
• FIG. 18 shows a further exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 13, in which the primer ZK-adhesive layer is laser-structured together with the decorative layer.
• the uncovered areas 61 and 62 extend vertically over several layers, in contrast to the areas 41 and 42 of FIGS. 10 to 17, which extend vertically, ie in the z direction, only through the decoration layer 3.
• FIG. 19 shows a further exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15, in which the primer ZK-adhesive layer is laser-structured together with the decorative layer.
• the exposed areas 41 and 42 extend vertically over several layers.
• Each of the layers 2 shown and the laser protection layer 4 can in turn be present in several layers or plies.
• one or more carrier layer(s) and Z or one or more protective layer(s) can be provided for building up the electrical function of the layered body.
• an electrically conductive functional layer without a laser protection layer and decorative layer according to the present invention is known, for example, from other publications by the applicant, such as WO 2012/048840 and WO 2015/104295.
• An adhesive can be provided between the layers of the composite and above and/or below the laser protection layer.
• Carrier layers can have layer thicknesses in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, in particular in the range from 60 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m.
• Adhesive layers can, for example, have layer thicknesses in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, in particular from 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
• lenses with a focal length between 35 mm and 800 mm, preferably between 200 mm and 500 mm, more preferably 254 mm, can be used.
• a laser in particular a fiber laser, is used in step d), the laser emitting coherent light, preferably from the visible or infrared range, preferably from the near infrared range, more preferably light from the wavelength range between 780 nm and 1400 nm, more preferably light of wavelength 1064 nm emitted.
• the laser power is preferably between 0.05 W and 1000 W, preferably between 1 W and 500 W, more preferably between 5 W and 200 W. It is expedient if, in step d), the laser beam is directed along the one or more first regions by means of deflectable mirrors, in particular by means of a laser scan module.
• the laser is operated with a writing speed of at most 80000 mm/s, preferably with a writing speed between 500 mm/s and 10000 mm/s, and/or the laser is operated with a pulse frequency between 1 Hz and 10000 kHz , preferably between 1 kHz and 1000 kHz operated.
• the laser it is also possible for the laser to be operated continuously.
• translucent means in particular a high transmission, e.g. of 70% or more, in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 1400 nm.
• Translucency also means high transmission in the wavelength range from 380nm to 1400nm, which the viewer does not perceive as retaining the image, but as milky and cloudy.
• Translucent layers can also be referred to as diffuse, semi-transparent, non-image retaining, scattering and/or "high haze".
• these layers have in particular a haze value of at least 30 haze units and/or they are used as a layer with low clarity, i.e. a clarity different from 100%, preferably less than 98%, in particular less than 95% and very preferably less than 90% - value described.
• a layer with high transmission in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 1400 nm which is clear and preferably also image-retaining, is described as “transparent”.
• layers with low transmission but high absorption in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 1400 nm are referred to as “opaque”.
• the invention makes it possible for the first time to carry out an uncomplicated individualization of prefabricated layered bodies with functionality such as the button functionality of a touch sensor. This is achieved by supplementing a functional layered body with a laser protection layer between the electrical functional layer and a decorative layer that can be lasered with simple measures.
• tie layer e.g., adhesive and/or primer

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• 2021
  • 2021-02-23 DE DE102021104294.1A patent/DE102021104294A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-02-22 CN CN202280016687.0A patent/CN116940471A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-02-22 MX MX2023009625A patent/MX2023009625A/es unknown
  • 2022-02-22 US US18/277,610 patent/US20240123757A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-02-22 EP EP22709660.9A patent/EP4297981A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-02-22 WO PCT/EP2022/054363 patent/WO2022180020A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2022-02-22 KR KR1020237031988A patent/KR20230146089A/ko unknown

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