Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
  • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules

Definitions

• the invention relates to rechargeable modular batteries, and more specifically to the control of the configuration of such batteries.
• Certain systems such as for example certain vehicles, possibly of the automotive type, comprise at least one rechargeable battery comprising at least two electrical energy storage modules coupled together via at least three switches each receiving a control signal defining a state in which it must be placed and each consuming a current.
• Each module (for storing electrical energy) comprises at least one electrochemical cell for storing electrical energy, for example of the lithium-ion (or Li-ion) or Ni-Mh or Ni-Cd type, intended to supply 20 electrical energy of the electrical (or electronic) equipment (or organs) of its system.
• a module for storing electrical energy
• electrochemical cells for storing electrical energy
• 25 can be coupled in series and/or in parallel.
• a series interconnection will be more suited to a power requirement (due to the sum of the voltages), while a parallel or series-parallel interconnection will be more suited to an energy requirement (due to the the sum of the capacities).
• control of the configuration of a battery is provided by software (or "software”). More specifically, the latter is responsible for determining the configuration which is best suited to the needs of its system in terms of power and/or energy, then determining control signals, such as for example control voltages with modulation of pulse width (or PWM (“Pulse Width Modulation”)), for each of the switches involved in the coupling of the modules.
• PWM Pulse Width Modulation
• These control signals together define a combination of future states in which the switches must be placed to ensure the determined configuration.
• the determined combination of future states is dangerous. This is then referred to as a software failure. This is the case, for example, when it causes a short circuit or a zero voltage level at the parallel output terminals of the battery.
• the object of the invention is therefore in particular to remedy the aforementioned drawback.
• a control device intended to control the configuration of a battery comprising at least two electrical energy storage modules coupled together via at least three main switches each receiving a control signal defining a state in which it must be placed and each consuming a current.
• This control device is characterized by the fact that it is arranged in such a way: - to determine whether a combination of future states is part of a set of forbidden combinations of states according to the currents consumed by the main switches, the actual states in which the main switches are placed and control signals for the main switches, and - If so, to determine for each of the main switches a new control signal modifying this combination of future states in order to make it non-dangerous.
• control device may comprise other characteristics which may be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
• it may comprise a circuit carrying out each determination of membership of a combination of future states to the set, and each determination of new control signals;
• the electronic circuit may comprise combinations of logic gates respectively associated with the prohibited combinations of states and respectively delivering the new control signals;
• it may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory arranged to perform the operations consisting in carrying out each determination of membership of a combination of future states to the set, and each determination of new control signals.
• the invention also proposes a vehicle comprising at least one battery comprising at least two electrical energy storage modules coupled together via at least three main switches each receiving a control signal defining a state in which it must be placed and each consuming a current, and a microcontroller determining these control signals.
• This vehicle is characterized in that it also comprises at least one control device of the type presented above, associated with the battery and coupled to the microcontroller.
• the vehicle according to the invention may include other characteristics which may be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
• the battery may comprise two electrical energy storage modules and five main switches ensuring, according to their respective states determined by the microcontroller, a paralleling or a serialization of the electrical energy storage modules;
• two of the main battery switches can each be mounted in parallel with an auxiliary switch associated with a resistive precharging component and receiving a control signal defining a state in which it must be placed.
• Each resistive precharging component is then responsible for limiting an amplitude of an inrush current in capacitive loads of at least one of the electrical energy storage modules when the battery is powered up;
• each electrical energy storage module of the battery can comprise at least two electrical energy storage cells connected in series or in parallel.
• the invention also proposes a control method intended to allow control of the configuration of a battery comprising at least two electrical energy storage modules coupled together via at least three main switches each receiving a control signal defining a state in which it must be placed and each consuming a current.
• the invention also proposes a computer program product comprising a set of instructions which, when it is executed by processing means, is capable of implementing a control method of the type of that presented above for controlling the configuration of a battery comprising at least two electrical energy storage modules coupled together via at least three main switches each receiving a control signal defining a state in which it must be placed and each consuming a current.
• FIG. 1 schematically and functionally illustrates a vehicle comprising an example of a modular battery comprising a first embodiment of a control device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 schematically and functionally illustrates an embodiment of an electronic circuit of the control device of Figure 1
• FIG. 3 schematically and functionally illustrates a second embodiment of a control device according to the invention
• FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an example of an algorithm implementing a control method according to the invention.
• the object of the invention is in particular to propose a control device DC, and an associated control method, intended to allow control of the configuration of a battery BR comprising at least two electrical energy storage modules MSj coupled together via at least three main CPk switches.
• the battery BR is intended to equip a vehicle V, possibly of the automobile type (such as for example a car). But the invention is not limited to this application. Indeed, the BR battery can equip any system, and in particular all vehicles (land, sea (or river) and air), all buildings, all installations (including industrial), and all electrical appliances ( or electronic). Furthermore, it is considered in what follows, by way of non-limiting example, that the battery BR is intended to supply electrical energy to at least one powertrain (or GMP) of the vehicle V, of the all-electric or rechargeable hybrid type (that is to say comprising at least one thermal driving machine and at least one electric driving machine). But the battery BR could be intended to supply electrical energy to other electrical (or electronic) equipment or components of the vehicle V.
• GMP powertrain
• the battery BR could be intended to supply electrical energy to other electrical (or electronic) equipment or components of the vehicle V.
• FIG. 1 There is schematically represented in FIG. 1 an example of vehicle V comprising an example of modular battery BR comprising a control device DC according to the invention and a microcontroller MC coupled to the latter (DC) and responsible for determining configurations for the battery (modular)
• DC control device
• MC microcontroller
• the invention applies when the battery BR comprises at least two electrical energy storage modules MSj coupled together via at least three main switches CPk.
• the number of electrical energy storage modules MSj can take any value greater than or equal to two
• the number of main switches CPk can take any value greater than or equal to three.
• each main switch CPk receives a control signal which defines a state in which it must be placed and consumes a current.
• each main switch CPk comprises a coil consuming current to switch from one state to another, and at least one contact that can be placed by the coil in a closed (or conducting) state or an open (or non-conducting) state. ).
• the current consumed by the coil therefore defines the state of the latter, and the state in which a contact is placed defines the real (current) state of its main switch CPk.
• the microcontroller MC runs a software (or “software”) responsible for determining the so-called future control signals defining the future states in which at least the main switches CPk must be placed respectively to ensure together a configuration of the battery BR that it has determined.
• the control device DC is responsible for controlling whether each configuration of the battery BR determined (and defined by a combination of future states of at least the main switches CPk) is dangerous or not.
• control device DC is first of all arranged so as to determine whether the combination of future states (just determined by the microcontroller MC) is part of a set of combinations of states prohibited in function of the currents consumed by the main switches CPk, of the actual states in which the main switches CPk are placed and of the control signals for the main switches CPk (defining the determined combination of future states). If the combination of future states determined is not part of the set (of forbidden combinations of states) this means that it is not dangerous and therefore the control signals determined by the microcontroller MC can be transmitted respectively to the main switches CPk, without modification.
• the control device DC is arranged in such a way as to determine for each of the main switches CPk a new control signal modifying the combination of future states in order to make it non-dangerous. It is important to note that at least one of the new control signals can be identical to that which was previously determined by the microcontroller MC for the same main switch CPk. In other words, within a set of new control signals (determined by the control device DC and defining the new combination of states to be effectively established in the battery BR), there is at least one signal control which is different from that previously determined by the microcontroller MC for the same main switch CPk.
• control device DC forms part of the battery BR.
• control device DC could be external to the battery BR.
• the microcontroller MC is external to the battery BR.
• the microcontroller MC could be part of the battery BR.
• control signals which are determined by the microcontroller MC for the main switches CPk, can be pulse-width modulated (or PWM) control voltages.
• the (electrical energy storage) modules MSj of the battery BR can optionally be coupled together via two main switches CPk (among the at least three) each mounted in parallel with an auxiliary switch CAp associated with a resistive precharging component CRp and receiving a control signal defining a state in which it must be placed.
• Each resistive precharging component CRp is here responsible for limiting the amplitude of the inrush current in the capacitive loads of at least one of the modules MSj when the battery BR is energized.
• the control device DC is first of all arranged so as to determine whether the combination of future states, determined by the microcontroller MC and including the future states of the auxiliary switches CAp, part of the set of prohibited combinations of states according to the currents consumed by the main switches CPk, the actual states in which the main switches CPk are placed and the control signals for the main switches CPk and auxiliary switches CAp. If so, the control device DC is arranged so as to determine for each of the main switches CPk and auxiliary switches CAp a new control signal modifying this combination of future states in order to make it non-dangerous.
• control signals which are different from that previously determined by the microcontroller MC for the same main switch CPk or auxiliary switch CAp.
• the control signals which are determined by the microcontroller MC for the auxiliary switches CAp, can be all-or-nothing type signals.
• the control device DC comprises an electronic circuit CE arranged so as to carry out each determination of membership of a combination of future states to the set of forbidden state combinations, and each determination of new control signals.
• the control device DC comprises an electronic circuit CE arranged so as to carry out each determination of membership of a combination of future states to the set of forbidden state combinations, and each determination of new control signals.
• the electronic circuit CE can comprise combinations of logic gates respectively associated with the prohibited combinations of states and respectively delivering the new control signals.
• These logic gates can, for example, be of the “OR” (or “OR”) or “AND” (or “AND”) or “NAND” (or “NAND”) or “NON-OR” (or “NOR”) or “Exclusive OR” (or “XOR”) or “Exclusive NON-OR” (or “XNOR”), and may be associated with other electronic components, such as resistive or capacitive components or operational amplifiers.
• FIG 2 An example of non-limiting embodiment of an electronic circuit CE of a DC control device.
• This example is well suited to a BR battery with the arrangement shown in Figure 1.
• the part referenced BC designates an example of a control block for a main switch CPk or an auxiliary switch CAp.
• the logic gates used here are of the OR (OR) and AND (AND) type, and some of them are associated with resistive or capacitive electronic components and/or with operational amplifiers.
• the first upper left OR (OR) logic gate receives the current drawn by the first main switch CP1 and the actual state in which the first main switch CP1 is placed.
• the second OR (OR) logic gate located under the aforementioned first OR (OR) logic gate, receives the current consumed by the second main switch CP2 and the actual state in which the second main switch CP2 is placed.
• the third OR (OR) logic gate located under the aforementioned second OR (OR) logic gate, receives the current consumed by the fourth main switch CP4 and the actual state in which the fourth main switch CP4 is placed.
• the fourth OR logic gate located below the third OR logic gate
• the fifth OR (OR) logic gate located under the aforementioned fourth OR (OR) logic gate (slightly shifted to the right), receives the future control signal for the first auxiliary switch CA1 (“CDE TOR P1”).
• the sixth OR (OR) logic gate located under the aforementioned fifth OR (OR) logic gate, receives the future control signal for the second auxiliary switch CA2 (“CDE_TOR_P2”).
• the seventh OR (OR) logic gate located under the aforementioned sixth OR (OR) logic gate, receives the current consumed by the fifth main switch CP5 and the actual state in which the fifth main switch CP5 is placed.
• the input located under the reference BC and common to the second series of five AND logic gates (AND) receives the future control signal for the fifth main switch CP5 (“CDE_PWM_R5”).
• the first AND logic gate receives the future control signal for the first main switch CP1 ("CDE_PWM_R1"), and outputs the new control signal for the first main switch CP1 ("CDE_R1").
• the second AND (AND) logic gate located under the aforementioned first AND (AND) logic gate (by being shifted to the right), receives the future control signal for the first auxiliary switch CA1 (“CDE_TOR_P1”), and outputs the new control signal for the first auxiliary switch CA1 ("CDE_P1").
• the third AND (AND) logic gate located under the aforementioned second AND (AND) logic gate (being shifted to the left), receives the future control signal for the second main switch CP2 (“CDE_PWM_R2”), and outputs the new control signal for the second main switch CP2 ("CDE_R2").
• the fourth AND (AND) logic gate located under the aforementioned third AND (AND) logic gate, receives the future control signal for the third main switch CP3 ("CDE_PWM_R3"), and outputs the new control signal for the third main switch CP3 ("CDE R3").
• the fifth AND (AND) logic gate located under the aforementioned fourth AND (AND) logic gate (by being shifted to the right), receives the future control signal for the second auxiliary switch CA2 (“CDE_TOR_P2”), and outputs the new control signal for the second auxiliary switch CA2 (“CDE_P2").
• the sixth AND (AND) logic gate located below the aforementioned fifth AND (AND) logic gate (being shifted to the left), receives the future control signal for the fourth main switch CP4 (“CDE_PWM_R4”), and outputs the new control signal for the fourth main switch CP4 ("CDE_R4").
• the AND logic gate located in the upper right, outputs the new control signal for the fifth main switch CP5 ("CDE_R5").
• the reference c1 designates an output intended to prohibit placing the fifth main switch CP5 in the closed state when the first main switch CP1 and the first auxiliary switch CA1 are in the closed state to be in parallel and the fourth main switch
• the reference c2 designates an output intended to prohibit the placement in the closed state of the fifth main switch CP5 when the second CP2 and third main switches CP3 are in the closed state.
• the reference c3 designates an output intended to prohibit the placement in the closed state of the fifth main switch CP5 when the third main switch CP3 and the second auxiliary switch CA2 are in the closed state.
• the reference c4-1 designates an output intended to prohibit placing the fifth main switch CP5 in the closed state when the third
• the reference c4-2 designates an output intended to prohibit placement in the closed state of the fifth main switch CP5 when the first main switch CP1 and the first auxiliary switch CA1 are in the closed state to be in parallel and the second main switch CP2 and the second auxiliary switch CA2 are in the closed state to be in parallel.
• the reference c5 designates an output intended to prohibit the placing in the closed state of the first main switch CP1 when the fourth CP4 and fifth main switches CP5 are in the closed state and the second main switch CP2 and the second auxiliary switch CA2 are in the closed state.
• the closed state to be in parallel, to avoid short circuit.
• the reference c6 designates an output intended to prohibit placing the third main switch CP3 in the closed state when the fourth main switches CP4 and fifth CP5 are in the closed state and the second main switch CP2 and the second auxiliary switch CA2 are in the closed state.
• the closed state to be in parallel, to avoid short circuit.
• the reference c 7 designates an output intended to prohibit the placement in the closed state of the second main switch CP2 when the third CP3 and fifth main switches CP5 are in the closed state and the first main switch CP1 and the first auxiliary switch CA1 are in the closed state to be in parallel, to avoid short circuit.
• the reference c8 designates an output intended to prohibit placing the fourth main switch CP4 in the closed state when the third main switches CP3 and fifth CP5 are in the closed state and the first main switch CP1 and the first auxiliary switch CA1 are in the closed state.
• the closed state to be in parallel, to avoid short circuit.
• the reference c9 designates an output intended to prohibit the placing in the closed state of the first auxiliary switch CA1 when the fourth CP4 and fifth main switches CP5 are in the closed state and the second main switch CP2 and the second auxiliary switch CA2 are in the closed state.
• the closed state to be in parallel, to avoid short circuit.
• the reference c10 designates an output intended to prohibit the placement in the closed state of the second auxiliary switch CA2 when the third CP3 and fifth CP5 main switches are in the closed state and the first main switch CP1 and the first auxiliary switch CA1 are in the closed state to be in parallel, to avoid a short circuit.
• control device DC comprises at least one processor PR and at least one memory MD arranged to carry out the operations consisting in carrying out each determination of membership of a combination of future states to the set of forbidden state combinations, and each determination of new control signals.
• the control device DC comprises a computer CD comprising the processor PR and the memory MD. Therefore, the DC control device is made in the form of a combination of electrical or electronic circuits or components (or “hardware”) and software modules (or “software”). But in a variant embodiment not shown, the DC control device could be part of a computer ensuring at least one other function within the system (here the vehicle V).
• the processor PR can, for example, be a digital signal processor (or DSP (“Digital Signal Processor”)).
• This processor PR can comprise integrated (or printed) circuits, or else several integrated (or printed) circuits connected by wired or wireless connections.
• integrated (or printed) circuit is meant any type of device capable of performing at least one electrical or electronic operation. Thus, it can, for example, be a microcontroller.
• the memory MD is live in order to store instructions for the implementation by the processor PR of at least part of the control method described below (and therefore of its functionalities).
• the computer CD (and therefore here the control device DC) can also comprise, in addition to the random access memory MD and processor PR, a mass memory MM, in particular for the storage of the set of prohibited combinations of states, of the currents consumed by the main switches CPk, of the actual states of the main switches CPk and of the control signals for the main switches CPk and any switches auxiliaries CAp, and intermediate data involved in all its calculations and processing.
• a mass memory MM in particular for the storage of the set of prohibited combinations of states, of the currents consumed by the main switches CPk, of the actual states of the main switches CPk and of the control signals for the main switches CPk and any switches auxiliaries CAp, and intermediate data involved in all its calculations and processing.
• this computer CD (and therefore here the control device DC) can also comprise an input interface IE for receiving at least the currents consumed, real states and control signals, to use them in calculations or processing, possibly after having formatted and/or demodulated and/or amplified them, in a manner known per se, by means of a digital signal processor PR′.
• this computer CD (and therefore here the control device DC) can also comprise an output interface IS, in particular to deliver the definitions of the new control signals determined for the main switches CPk and any auxiliary switches CAp.
• the invention can also be considered in the form of a control method, intended to be implemented for a battery BR of a system (here a vehicle V), each time a new combination of future states has been determined in the system (for example by a microcontroller MC) and must be checked before being implemented.
• the latter comprises a step 10-30 in which one (the control device DC) begins by determining in a sub-step 10 if the combination of future states is part of a set of forbidden combinations of states as a function of the currents consumed by the main switches CPk, of the actual states in which the main switches CPk are placed and of the control signals for (at least) the main switches CPk (defining the determined future state combination).
• the control device DC begins by determining in a sub-step 10 if the combination of future states is part of a set of forbidden combinations of states as a function of the currents consumed by the main switches CPk, of the actual states in which the main switches CPk are placed and of the control signals for (at least) the main switches CPk (defining the determined future state combination).
• step 20 of step 10-30 of the control method on the control device DC . If the combination of future states determined is not part of the set (of forbidden combinations of states), then in a sub-step 20 of step 10-30 of the control method on (the control device DC ) considers that the determined control signals (defining the verified future state combination) can be transmitted respectively to the main switches
• step 10- 30 of the control method on determines for each of the main switches CPk (at least) a new control signal modifying this combination of future states in order to make it non-dangerous. These new control signals are then transmitted respectively to the main switches CPk (at least).
• the invention also proposes a computer program product (or computer program) comprising a set of instructions which, when it is executed by processing means of the electronic circuit (or hardware) type, such as for example the processor PR is capable of implementing the control method described above to control each configuration of the battery BR determined (for example by the microcontroller MC).
• processing means of the electronic circuit (or hardware) type such as for example the processor PR is capable of implementing the control method described above to control each configuration of the battery BR determined (for example by the microcontroller MC).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2021
  • 2021-02-09 FR FR2101204A patent/FR3119717A1/fr active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-01-04 WO PCT/FR2022/050017 patent/WO2022171938A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2022-01-04 CN CN202280014267.9A patent/CN116830416A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-01-04 EP EP22702499.9A patent/EP4292190A1/de active Pending

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