EP4282188A1 - Method and apparatus for cell reselection in wireless communication system - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for cell reselection in wireless communication system

Info

Publication number
EP4282188A1
EP4282188A1 EP22756589.2A EP22756589A EP4282188A1 EP 4282188 A1 EP4282188 A1 EP 4282188A1 EP 22756589 A EP22756589 A EP 22756589A EP 4282188 A1 EP4282188 A1 EP 4282188A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
priority value
priority
cell
apply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22756589.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4282188A4 (en
Inventor
Sunghoon Jung
Hyunjung CHOE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Electronics Inc
Original Assignee
LG Electronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Electronics Inc filed Critical LG Electronics Inc
Publication of EP4282188A1 publication Critical patent/EP4282188A1/en
Publication of EP4282188A4 publication Critical patent/EP4282188A4/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/20—Selecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • H04W72/563—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the wireless resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/18—Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a cell reselection in wireless communications.
  • 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications.
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity.
  • the 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.
  • ITU international telecommunication union
  • NR new radio
  • 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU radio communication sector (ITU-R) international mobile telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process.
  • ITU-R ITU radio communication sector
  • IMT international mobile telecommunications
  • the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.
  • the NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type-communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • mMTC massive machine-type-communications
  • URLLC ultra-reliable and low latency communications
  • the NR shall be inherently forward compatible.
  • a UE may determine a frequency having a highest priority, and highest ranked cell on the highest priority frequency. Then, the UE may perform the cell reselection to the highest ranked cell. To determine the highest priority frequency, slice information related to one or more frequencies may be considered.
  • An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide method and apparatus for a cell reselection in a wireless communication system.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide method and apparatus for determining a frequency for the cell reselection in a wireless communication system.
  • Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide method and apparatus for determining a frequency for the cell reselection based on slice information in a wireless communication system.
  • a method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprises: receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • UE user equipment
  • a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprises: a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to: control the transceiver to receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; control the transceiver to receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • a processor for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided.
  • a memory of the UE stores a software code which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform operations comprising: receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions.
  • the plurality of instructions when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • UE user equipment
  • a method performed by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system comprises: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), one or more synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocks; performing a random access procedure with the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value, wherein the first priority value is applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency, and wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  • SS/PBCH synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel
  • a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system comprises: a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to: control the transceiver to transmit, to a user equipment (UE), one or more synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocks; perform a random access procedure with the UE; and control the transceiver to transmit, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value, wherein the first priority value is applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency, and wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  • UE user equipment
  • SS/PBCH synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel
  • the present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.
  • each cell can control whether UE's preference/intention on a specific slice is applicable for a cell reselection so that a controllability of a network on UE's camping frequencies can be increased.
  • FIG. 1 shows examples of 5G usage scenarios to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a user plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a control plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of sharing a set of common C-plane functions among multiples core network instances.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a method performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a method for controlling cell reselection priority overriding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a method performed by a BS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 shows a UE to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of an AI device to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of an AI system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the technical features described below may be used by a communication standard by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standardization organization, a communication standard by the institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE), etc.
  • the communication standards by the 3GPP standardization organization include long-term evolution (LTE) and/or evolution of LTE systems.
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-advanced
  • LTE-A Pro LTE-A Pro
  • NR 5G new radio
  • the communication standard by the IEEE standardization organization includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) system such as IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the above system uses various multiple access technologies such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and/or single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL).
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA and SC-FDMA may be used for DL and/or UL.
  • a or B may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • a or B in the present disclosure may be interpreted as “A and/or B”.
  • A, B or C in the present disclosure may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or "any combination of A, B and C”.
  • slash (/) or comma (,) may mean “and/or”.
  • A/B may mean “A and/or B”.
  • A/B may mean "only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • A, B, C may mean "A, B or C”.
  • At least one of A and B may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
  • the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as “at least one of A and B”.
  • At least one of A, B and C may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”.
  • at least one of A, B or C or “at least one of A, B and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
  • parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”.
  • control information PDCCH
  • PDCCH control information
  • PDCCH control information
  • PDCCH control information
  • RAN radio access network
  • the terms 'cell quality', 'signal strength', 'signal quality', 'channel state', 'channel quality', ' channel state/reference signal received power (RSRP)' and ' reference signal received quality (RSRQ)' may be used interchangeably.
  • FIG. 1 shows examples of 5G usage scenarios to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.
  • the three main requirements areas of 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) domain, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) area, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) area.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • mMTC massive machine type communication
  • URLLC ultra-reliable and low latency communications
  • KPI key performance indicator
  • eMBB focuses on across-the-board enhancements to the data rate, latency, user density, capacity and coverage of mobile broadband access.
  • the eMBB aims ⁇ 10 Gbps of throughput.
  • eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internet access and covers rich interactive work and media and entertainment applications in cloud and/or augmented reality.
  • Data is one of the key drivers of 5G and may not be able to see dedicated voice services for the first time in the 5G era.
  • the voice is expected to be processed as an application simply using the data connection provided by the communication system.
  • the main reason for the increased volume of traffic is an increase in the size of the content and an increase in the number of applications requiring high data rates.
  • Streaming services (audio and video), interactive video and mobile Internet connectivity will become more common as more devices connect to the Internet. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to the user.
  • Cloud storage and applications are growing rapidly in mobile communication platforms, which can be applied to both work and entertainment.
  • Cloud storage is a special use case that drives growth of uplink data rate.
  • 5G is also used for remote tasks on the cloud and requires much lower end-to-end delay to maintain a good user experience when the tactile interface is used.
  • cloud games and video streaming are another key factor that increases the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential in smartphones and tablets anywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, cars and airplanes.
  • Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment.
  • augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data amount.
  • mMTC is designed to enable communication between devices that are low-cost, massive in number and battery-driven, intended to support applications such as smart metering, logistics, and field and body sensors.
  • mMTC aims ⁇ 10 years on battery and/or ⁇ 1 million devices/km2.
  • mMTC allows seamless integration of embedded sensors in all areas and is one of the most widely used 5G applications.
  • IoT internet-of-things
  • Industrial IoT is one of the areas where 5G plays a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture and security infrastructures.
  • URLLC will make it possible for devices and machines to communicate with ultra-reliability, very low latency and high availability, making it ideal for vehicular communication, industrial control, factory automation, remote surgery, smart grids and public safety applications.
  • URLLC aims ⁇ 1ms of latency.
  • URLLC includes new services that will change the industry through links with ultra-reliability / low latency, such as remote control of key infrastructure and self-driving vehicles.
  • the level of reliability and latency is essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, drones control and coordination.
  • 5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS) as a means of delivering streams rated from hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second.
  • This high speed can be required to deliver TVs with resolutions of 4K or more (6K, 8K and above) as well as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).
  • VR and AR applications include mostly immersive sporting events. Certain applications may require special network settings. For example, in the case of a VR game, a game company may need to integrate a core server with an edge network server of a network operator to minimize delay.
  • Automotive is expected to become an important new driver for 5G, with many use cases for mobile communications to vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers demands high capacity and high mobile broadband at the same time. This is because future users will continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed.
  • Another use case in the automotive sector is an augmented reality dashboard.
  • the driver can identify an object in the dark on top of what is being viewed through the front window through the augmented reality dashboard.
  • the augmented reality dashboard displays information that will inform the driver about the object's distance and movement.
  • the wireless module enables communication between vehicles, information exchange between the vehicle and the supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between the vehicle and other connected devices (e.g. devices accompanied by a pedestrian).
  • the safety system allows the driver to guide the alternative course of action so that he can drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.
  • the next step will be a remotely controlled vehicle or self-driving vehicle. This requires a very reliable and very fast communication between different self-driving vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driving vehicle will perform all driving activities, and the driver will focus only on traffic that the vehicle itself cannot identify.
  • the technical requirements of self-driving vehicles require ultra-low latency and high-speed reliability to increase traffic safety to a level not achievable by humans.
  • Smart cities and smart homes which are referred to as smart societies, will be embedded in high density wireless sensor networks.
  • the distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or house. A similar setting can be performed for each home.
  • Temperature sensors, windows and heating controllers, burglar alarms and appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically require low data rate, low power and low cost.
  • real-time high-definition (HD) video may be required for certain types of devices for monitoring.
  • the smart grid interconnects these sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect and act on information. This information can include supplier and consumer behavior, allowing the smart grid to improve the distribution of fuel, such as electricity, in terms of efficiency, reliability, economy, production sustainability, and automated methods.
  • the smart grid can be viewed as another sensor network with low latency.
  • the health sector has many applications that can benefit from mobile communications.
  • Communication systems can support telemedicine to provide clinical care in remote locations. This can help to reduce barriers to distance and improve access to health services that are not continuously available in distant rural areas. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations.
  • Mobile communication based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.
  • Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring costs are high for installation and maintenance. Thus, the possibility of replacing a cable with a wireless link that can be reconfigured is an attractive opportunity in many industries. However, achieving this requires that wireless connections operate with similar delay, reliability, and capacity as cables and that their management is simplified. Low latency and very low error probabilities are new requirements that need to be connected to 5G.
  • Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases of mobile communications that enable tracking of inventory and packages anywhere using location based information systems. Use cases of logistics and freight tracking typically require low data rates, but require a large range and reliable location information.
  • NR supports multiple numerology (or, subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported. When the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. When the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • the NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., FR1 and FR2.
  • the numerical value of the frequency range may be changed.
  • the frequency ranges of the two types may be as shown in Table 1 below.
  • FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range”
  • FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range”
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the wireless communication system may include a first device 210 and a second device 220.
  • the first device 210 includes a base station, a network node, a transmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an artificial intelligence (AI) module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, a mixed reality (MR) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fin-tech device (or, a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the fourth industrial revolution.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • MR mixed reality
  • hologram device
  • the second device 220 includes a base station, a network node, a transmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fin-tech device (or, a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the fourth industrial revolution.
  • the UE may include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a wearable device (e.g. a smartwatch, a smart glass, a head mounted display (HMD)) .
  • the HMD may be a display device worn on the head.
  • the HMD may be used to implement AR, VR and/or MR.
  • the drone may be a flying object that is flying by a radio control signal without a person boarding it.
  • the VR device may include a device that implements an object or background in the virtual world.
  • the AR device may include a device that implements connection of an object and/or a background of a virtual world to an object and/or a background of the real world.
  • the MR device may include a device that implements fusion of an object and/or a background of a virtual world to an object and/or a background of the real world.
  • the hologram device may include a device that implements a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and playing stereoscopic information by utilizing a phenomenon of interference of light generated by the two laser lights meeting with each other, called holography.
  • the public safety device may include a video relay device or a video device that can be worn by the user's body.
  • the MTC device and the IoT device may be a device that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation.
  • the MTC device and the IoT device may include a smart meter, a vending machine, a thermometer, a smart bulb, a door lock and/or various sensors.
  • the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, handling, or preventing a disease.
  • the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or disorder.
  • the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of inspecting, replacing or modifying a structure or function.
  • the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of controlling pregnancy.
  • the medical device may include a treatment device, a surgical device, an (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid and/or a procedural device, etc.
  • a security device may be a device installed to prevent the risk that may occur and to maintain safety.
  • the security device may include a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.
  • the fin-tech device may be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payment.
  • the fin-tech device may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS).
  • the climate/environmental device may include a device for monitoring or predicting the climate/environment.
  • the first device 210 may include at least one or more processors, such as a processor 211, at least one memory, such as a memory 212, and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 213.
  • the processor 211 may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the first device described throughout the disclosure.
  • the processor 211 may perform one or more protocols. For example, the processor 211 may perform one or more layers of the air interface protocol.
  • the memory 212 is connected to the processor 211 and may store various types of information and/or instructions.
  • the transceiver 213 is connected to the processor 211 and may be controlled by the processor 211 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the second device 220 may include at least one or more processors, such as a processor 221, at least one memory, such as a memory 222, and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 223.
  • the processor 221 may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the second device 220 described throughout the disclosure.
  • the processor 221 may perform one or more protocols. For example, the processor 221 may perform one or more layers of the air interface protocol.
  • the memory 222 is connected to the processor 221 and may store various types of information and/or instructions.
  • the transceiver 223 is connected to the processor 221 and may be controlled by the processor 221 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the memory 212, 222 may be connected internally or externally to the processor 211, 212, or may be connected to other processors via a variety of technologies such as wired or wireless connections.
  • the first device 210 and/or the second device 220 may have more than one antenna.
  • antenna 214 and/or antenna 224 may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 3 shows a system architecture based on an evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN).
  • E-UTRAN evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access network
  • the aforementioned LTE is a part of an evolved-UTMS (e-UMTS) using the E-UTRAN.
  • e-UMTS evolved-UTMS
  • the wireless communication system includes one or more user equipment (UE) 310, an E-UTRAN and an evolved packet core (EPC).
  • the UE 310 refers to a communication equipment carried by a user.
  • the UE 310 may be fixed or mobile.
  • the UE 310 may be referred to as another terminology, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a wireless device, etc.
  • MS mobile station
  • UT user terminal
  • SS subscriber station
  • wireless device etc.
  • the E-UTRAN consists of one or more evolved NodeB (eNB) 320.
  • the eNB 320 provides the E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 10.
  • the eNB 320 is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 310.
  • the eNB 320 hosts the functions, such as inter-cell radio resource management (RRM), radio bearer (RB) control, connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurement configuration/provision, dynamic resource allocation (scheduler), etc.
  • RRM inter-cell radio resource management
  • RB radio bearer
  • connection mobility control such as connection mobility control
  • radio admission control such as measurement configuration/provision
  • the eNB 320 may be referred to as another terminology, such as a base station (BS), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), etc.
  • BS base station
  • BTS base transceiver system
  • AP access point
  • a downlink (DL) denotes communication from the eNB 320 to the UE 310.
  • An uplink (UL) denotes communication from the UE 310 to the eNB 320.
  • a sidelink (SL) denotes communication between the UEs 310.
  • a transmitter may be a part of the eNB 320, and a receiver may be a part of the UE 310.
  • the transmitter may be a part of the UE 310, and the receiver may be a part of the eNB 320.
  • the transmitter and receiver may be a part of the UE 310.
  • the EPC includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (S-GW) and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW).
  • MME hosts the functions, such as non-access stratum (NAS) security, idle state mobility handling, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer control, etc.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • the S-GW hosts the functions, such as mobility anchoring, etc.
  • the S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRAN as an endpoint.
  • MME/S-GW 330 will be referred to herein simply as a "gateway," but it is understood that this entity includes both the MME and S-GW.
  • the P-GW hosts the functions, such as UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation, packet filtering, etc.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an endpoint.
  • the P-GW is connected to an external network.
  • the UE 310 is connected to the eNB 320 by means of the Uu interface.
  • the UEs 310 are interconnected with each other by means of the PC5 interface.
  • the eNBs 320 are interconnected with each other by means of the X2 interface.
  • the eNBs 320 are also connected by means of the S1 interface to the EPC, more specifically to the MME by means of the S1-MME interface and to the S-GW by means of the S1-U interface.
  • the S1 interface supports a many-to-many relation between MMEs / S-GWs and eNBs.
  • FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 4 shows a system architecture based on a 5G NR.
  • the entity used in the 5G NR (hereinafter, simply referred to as "NR") may absorb some or all of the functions of the entities introduced in FIG. 3 (e.g. eNB, MME, S-GW).
  • the entity used in the NR may be identified by the name "NG” for distinction from the LTE/LTE-A.
  • the wireless communication system includes one or more UE 410, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) and a 5th generation core network (5GC).
  • the NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node.
  • the NG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the eNB 320 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the NG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB 421 and/or at least one ng-eNB 422.
  • the gNB 421 provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 410.
  • the ng-eNB 422 provides E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 410.
  • the 5GC includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), a user plane function (UPF) and a session management function (SMF).
  • AMF hosts the functions, such as NAS security, idle state mobility handling, etc.
  • the AMF is an entity including the functions of the conventional MME.
  • the UPF hosts the functions, such as mobility anchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) handling.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the UPF an entity including the functions of the conventional S-GW.
  • the SMF hosts the functions, such as UE IP address allocation, PDU session control.
  • the gNBs 421 and ng-eNBs 422 are interconnected with each other by means of the Xn interface.
  • the gNBs 421 and ng-eNBs 422 are also connected by means of the NG interfaces to the 5GC, more specifically to the AMF by means of the NG-C interface and to the UPF by means of the NG-U interface.
  • layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network may be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system.
  • OSI open system interconnection
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a user plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a control plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the user/control plane protocol stacks shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are used in NR. However, user/control plane protocol stacks shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 may be used in LTE/LTE-A without loss of generality, by replacing gNB/AMF with eNB/MME.
  • the PHY layer offers information transfer services to media access control (MAC) sublayer and higher layers.
  • the PHY layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels. Data between the MAC sublayer and the PHY layer is transferred via the transport channels. Between different PHY layers, i.e., between a PHY layer of a transmission side and a PHY layer of a reception side, data is transferred via the physical channels.
  • the MAC sublayer belongs to L2.
  • the main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing/de-multiplexing of MAC service data units (SDUs) belonging to one or different logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer on transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling, priority handling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channel prioritization (LCP), etc.
  • the MAC sublayer offers to the radio link control (RLC) sublayer logical channels.
  • RLC radio link control
  • the RLC sublayer belong to L2.
  • the RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes, i.e. transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM), in order to guarantee various quality of services (QoS) required by radio bearers.
  • TM transparent mode
  • UM unacknowledged mode
  • AM acknowledged mode
  • the main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode.
  • the RLC sublayer provides transfer of upper layer PDUs for all three modes, but provides error correction through ARQ for AM only.
  • LTE/LTE-A the RLC sublayer provides concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs (only for UM and AM data transfer) and re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs (only for AM data transfer).
  • the RLC sublayer provides segmentation (only for AM and UM) and re-segmentation (only for AM) of RLC SDUs and reassembly of SDU (only for AM and UM). That is, the NR does not support concatenation of RLC SDUs.
  • the RLC sublayer offers to the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) sublayer RLC channels.
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • the PDCP sublayer belong to L2.
  • the main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include header compression and decompression, transfer of user data, duplicate detection, PDCP PDU routing, retransmission of PDCP SDUs, ciphering and deciphering, etc.
  • the main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the control plane include ciphering and integrity protection, transfer of control plane data, etc.
  • the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) sublayer belong to L2.
  • the SDAP sublayer is only defined in the user plane.
  • the SDAP sublayer is only defined for NR.
  • the main services and functions of SDAP include, mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer (DRB), and marking QoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets.
  • the SDAP sublayer offers to 5GC QoS flows.
  • a radio resource control (RRC) layer belongs to L3.
  • the RRC layer is only defined in the control plane.
  • the RRC layer controls radio resources between the UE and the network.
  • the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS.
  • the main services and functions of the RRC layer include broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS, paging, establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and the network, security functions including key management, establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of radio bearers, mobility functions, QoS management functions, UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting, NAS message transfer to/from NAS from/to UE.
  • the RRC layer controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers.
  • a radio bearer refers to a logical path provided by L1 (PHY layer) and L2 (MAC/RLC/PDCP/SDAP sublayer) for data transmission between a UE and a network.
  • Setting the radio bearer means defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and the channel for providing a specific service, and setting each specific parameter and operation method.
  • Radio bearer may be divided into signaling RB (SRB) and data RB (DRB).
  • SRB signaling RB
  • DRB data RB
  • An RRC state indicates whether an RRC layer of the UE is logically connected to an RRC layer of the E-UTRAN.
  • RRC_CONNECTED when the RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED). Otherwise, the UE is in the RRC idle state (RRC_IDLE).
  • RRC_INACTIVE is additionally introduced.
  • RRC_INACTIVE may be used for various purposes. For example, the massive machine type communications (MMTC) UEs can be efficiently managed in RRC_INACTIVE. When a specific condition is satisfied, transition is made from one of the above three states to the other.
  • a predetermined operation may be performed according to the RRC state.
  • RRC_IDLE public land mobile network (PLMN) selection, broadcast of system information (SI), cell re-selection mobility, core network (CN) paging and discontinuous reception (DRX) configured by NAS may be performed.
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • SI system information
  • CN core network
  • DRX discontinuous reception
  • the UE shall have been allocated an identifier (ID) which uniquely identifies the UE in a tracking area. No RRC context stored in the BS.
  • the UE has an RRC connection with the network (i.e. E-UTRAN/NG-RAN).
  • Network-CN connection (both C/U-planes) is also established for UE.
  • the UE AS context is stored in the network and the UE.
  • the RAN knows the cell which the UE belongs to.
  • the network can transmit and/or receive data to/from UE.
  • Network controlled mobility including measurement is also performed.
  • RRC_IDLE Most of operations performed in RRC_IDLE may be performed in RRC_INACTIVE. But, instead of CN paging in RRC_IDLE, RAN paging is performed in RRC_INACTIVE. In other words, in RRC_IDLE, paging for mobile terminated (MT) data is initiated by core network and paging area is managed by core network. In RRC_INACTIVE, paging is initiated by NG-RAN, and RAN-based notification area (RNA) is managed by NG-RAN. Further, instead of DRX for CN paging configured by NAS in RRC_IDLE, DRX for RAN paging is configured by NG-RAN in RRC_INACTIVE.
  • DRX for CN paging configured by NAS in RRC_IDLE
  • DRX for RAN paging is configured by NG-RAN in RRC_INACTIVE.
  • 5GC-NG-RAN connection (both C/U-planes) is established for UE, and the UE AS context is stored in NG-RAN and the UE.
  • NG-RAN knows the RNA which the UE belongs to.
  • the NAS layer is located at the top of the RRC layer.
  • the NAS control protocol performs the functions, such as authentication, mobility management, security control.
  • the physical channels may be modulated according to OFDM processing and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.
  • the physical channels consist of a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in frequency domain.
  • One subframe consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain.
  • a resource block is a resource allocation unit, and consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of subcarriers.
  • each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g. first OFDM symbol) of the corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), i.e. L1/L2 control channel.
  • a transmission time interval (TTI) is a basic unit of time used by a scheduler for resource allocation. The TTI may be defined in units of one or a plurality of slots, or may be defined in units of mini-slots.
  • DL transport channels include a broadcast channel (BCH) used for transmitting system information, a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) used for transmitting user traffic or control signals, and a paging channel (PCH) used for paging a UE.
  • DL transport channels include an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control signals and a random access channel (RACH) normally used for initial access to a cell.
  • BCH broadcast channel
  • DL-SCH downlink shared channel
  • PCH paging channel
  • UL transport channels include an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control signals and a random access channel (RACH) normally used for initial access to a cell.
  • RACH random access channel
  • Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is transferred.
  • Logical channels are classified into two groups: control channels and traffic channels.
  • Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information only.
  • the control channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH) and a dedicated control channel (DCCH).
  • BCCH is a DL channel for broadcasting system control information.
  • PCCH is DL channel that transfers paging information, system information change notifications.
  • the CCCH is a channel for transmitting control information between UEs and network. This channel is used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network.
  • the DCCH is a point-to-point bi-directional channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network. This channel is used by UEs having an RRC connection.
  • Traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only.
  • the traffic channels include a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH).
  • DTCH is a point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE, for the transfer of user information.
  • the DTCH can exist in both UL and DL.
  • BCCH in DL, BCCH can be mapped to BCH, BCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH, PCCH can be mapped to PCH, CCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH, DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH, and DTCH can be mapped to DL-SCH.
  • CCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH
  • DCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH
  • DTCH can be mapped to UL-SCH.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system.
  • an OFDM numerology e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmission time interval (TTI) duration
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).
  • Each frame is divided into two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5 ms duration.
  • Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration Tsf per subframe is 1 ms.
  • Each subframe is divided into slots and the number of slots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing.
  • Each slot includes 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix (CP). In a normal CP, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slot includes 12 OFDM symbols.
  • a slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the time domain.
  • a resource grid of Nsize,ugrid,x*NRBsc subcarriers and Nsubframe,usymb OFDM symbols is defined, starting at common resource block (CRB) Nstart,ugrid indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g. radio resource control (RRC) signaling), where Nsize,ugrid,x is the number of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • NRBsc is the number of subcarriers per RB. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, NRBsc is 12 generally.
  • Each element in the resource grid for the antenna port p and the subcarrier spacing configuration u is referred to as a resource element (RE) and one complex symbol may be mapped to each RE.
  • Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index k in the frequency domain and an index l representing a symbol location relative to a reference point in the time domain.
  • an RB is defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • RBs are classified into CRBs and physical resource blocks (PRBs).
  • CRBs are numbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configuration u.
  • the center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configuration u coincides with 'point A' which serves as a common reference point for resource block grids.
  • PRBs are defined within a bandwidth part (BWP) and numbered from 0 to NsizeBWP,i-1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part.
  • nPRB nCRB + NsizeBWP,i, where NsizeBWP,i is the common resource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0.
  • the BWP includes a plurality of consecutive RBs.
  • a carrier may include a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs.
  • a UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UE can active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE's operating bandwidth within the cell's operating bandwidth.
  • the term "cell” may refer to a geographic area to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or refer to radio resources.
  • a “cell” of a geographic area may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a "cell” as radio resources (e.g. time-frequency resources) is associated with bandwidth (BW) which is a frequency range configured by the carrier.
  • the "cell” associated with the radio resources is defined by a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of a downlink (DL) component carrier (CC) and a uplink (UL) CC.
  • the cell may be configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources.
  • the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the "cell" of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term "cell" may be used to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radio resources at other times, or a range that signals using the radio resources can reach with valid strength at other times.
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • a UE may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities.
  • CA is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous CCs.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • one serving cell provides the non-access stratum (NAS) mobility information
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • RRC connection re-establishment/handover one serving cell provides the security input.
  • This cell is referred to as the Primary Cell (PCell).
  • the PCell is a cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure.
  • Secondary Cells can be configured to form together with the PCell a set of serving cells.
  • An SCell is a cell providing additional radio resources on top of Special Cell.
  • the configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one or more SCells.
  • the term Special Cell refers to the PCell of the master cell group (MCG) or the PSCell of the secondary cell group (SCG).
  • MCG master cell group
  • SCG secondary cell group
  • An SpCell supports PUCCH transmission and contention-based random access, and is always activated.
  • the MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a master node, comprising of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells.
  • the SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node, comprising of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configured with dual connectivity (DC).
  • DC dual connectivity
  • serving cells For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA/DC the term "serving cells" is used to denote the set of cells comprising of the SpCell(s) and all SCells.
  • two MAC entities are configured in a UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system.
  • Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: data radio bearers (DRB) for user plane data and signalling radio bearers (SRB) for control plane data.
  • DRB data radio bearers
  • SRB signalling radio bearers
  • the MAC PDU is transmitted/received using radio resources through the PHY layer to/from an external device.
  • the MAC PDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form of a transport block.
  • the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and RACH are mapped to their physical channels PUSCH and PRACH, respectively, and the downlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to PDSCH, PBCH and PDSCH, respectively.
  • uplink control information (UCI) is mapped to PUCCH
  • downlink control information (DCI) is mapped to PDCCH.
  • a MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted by a UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant
  • a MAC PDU related to DL-SCH is transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment.
  • Data unit(s) in the present disclosure is(are) transmitted/received on a physical channel (e.g. PDSCH, PUSCH) based on resource allocation (e.g. UL grant, DL assignment).
  • resource allocation e.g. UL grant, DL assignment.
  • uplink resource allocation is also referred to as uplink grant
  • downlink resource allocation is also referred to as downlink assignment.
  • the resource allocation includes time domain resource allocation and frequency domain resource allocation.
  • an uplink grant is either received by the UE dynamically on PDCCH, in a Random Access Response, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC.
  • downlink assignment is either received by the UE dynamically on the PDCCH, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC signalling from the BS.
  • UE shall perform measurements for cell selection and reselection purposes.
  • the UE When evaluating Srxlev and Squal of non-serving cells for reselection evaluation purposes, the UE shall use parameters provided by the serving cell and for the final check on cell selection criterion, the UE shall use parameters provided by the target cell for cell reselection.
  • the NAS can control the RAT(s) in which the cell selection should be performed, for instance by indicating RAT(s) associated with the selected PLMN, and by maintaining a list of forbidden registration area(s) and a list of equivalent PLMNs.
  • the UE shall select a suitable cell based on RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state measurements and cell selection criteria.
  • stored information for several RATs may be used by the UE.
  • the UE When camped on a cell, the UE shall regularly search for a better cell according to the cell reselection criteria. If a better cell is found, that cell is selected.
  • the change of cell may imply a change of RAT.
  • the NAS is informed if the cell selection and reselection result in changes in the received system information relevant for NAS.
  • the UE shall camp on a suitable cell, monitor control channel(s) of that cell so that the UE can:
  • measurement quantity of a cell is up to UE implementation.
  • the measurement quantity of this cell is derived amongst the beams corresponding to the same cell based on SS/PBCH block as follows:
  • nrofSS-BlocksToAverage maxRS-IndexCellQual in E-UTRA
  • SIB2/SIB4 SIB24 in E-UTRA
  • absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation ( threshRS-Index in E-UTRA) is not configured in SIB2/SIB4 ( SIB24 in E-UTRA); or
  • a cell measurement quantity as the linear average of the power values of up to nrofSS-BlocksToAverage ( maxRS-IndexCellQual in E-UTRA) of highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation ( threshRS-Index in E-UTRA).
  • the UE shall scan all RF channels in the NR bands according to its capabilities to find a suitable cell.
  • the UE need only search for the strongest cell, except for operation with shared spectrum channel access where the UE may search for the next strongest cell(s).
  • this cell shall be selected.
  • This procedure requires stored information of frequencies and optionally also information on cell parameters from previously received measurement control information elements or from previously detected cells.
  • the UE shall select it.
  • Priorities between different frequencies or RATs provided to the UE by system information or dedicated signalling are not used in the cell selection process.
  • the cell selection criterion S may be fulfilled when Srxlev > 0 and Squal > 0.
  • the Srxlev equals to ⁇ Q rxlevmeas -(Q rxlevmin +Q rxlevminoffset )-P compensation -Qoffset temp ⁇ .
  • the Squal equals to ⁇ Q qualmeas -(Q qualmin +Q qualminoffset )-Q offsettemp ⁇ .
  • Parameters may be defined as the following table:
  • Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB) Squal Cell selection quality value (dB) Qoffset temp Offset temporarily applied to a cell Q rxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP) Q qualmeas Measured cell quality value (RSRQ) Q rxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm).
  • Q rxlevmin is obtained from q-RxLevMinSUL, if present, in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4, additionally, if Q rxlevminoffsetcellSUL is present in SIB3 and SIB4 for the concerned cell, this cell specific offset is added to the corresponding Qrxlevmin to achieve the required minimum RX level in the concerned cell; else Q rxlevmin is obtained from q-RxLevMin in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4, additionally, if Q rxlevminoffsetcell is present in SIB3 and SIB4 for the concerned cell, this cell specific offset is added to the corresponding Qrxlevmin to achieve the required minimum RX level in the concerned cell.
  • Q qualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB). Additionally, if Q qualminoffsetcell is signalled for the concerned cell, this cell specific offset is added to achieve the required minimum quality level in the concerned cell.
  • SIB1 and SIB4 max(P EMAX1 -P PowerClass , 0) - (min(P EMAX2 , P PowerClass ) - min(P EMAX1 , P PowerClass )
  • P EMAX1 , P EMAX2 Maximum TX power level of a UE may use when transmitting on the uplink in the cell (dBm) defined as P EMAX. If UE supports SUL frequency for this cell, P EMAX1 and P EMAX2 are obtained from the p-Max for SUL in SIB1 and NR-NS-PmaxList for SUL respectively in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4, else P EMAX1 and P EMAX2 are obtained from the p-Max and NR-NS-PmaxList respectively in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4 for normal UL.
  • the signalled values Q rxlevminoffset and Q qualminoffset are only applied when a cell is evaluated for cell selection as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while camped normally in a VPLMN.
  • the UE may check the S criteria of a cell using parameter values stored from a different cell of this higher priority PLMN.
  • cell reselection evaluation process is described.
  • Absolute priorities of different NR frequencies or inter-RAT frequencies may be provided to the UE in the system information, in the RRCRelease message, or by inheriting from another RAT at inter-RAT cell (re)selection.
  • an NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency may be listed without providing a dedicated priority (i.e. the field cellReselectionPriority is absent for that frequency).
  • dedicated priorities e.g., the field cellReselectionPriority and/or cellReselectionPriorities
  • dedicated signalling e.g., RRCRelease message
  • the UE shall ignore all the priorities provided in system information. If UE is in camped on any cell state, UE shall only apply the priorities provided by system information from current cell, and the UE preserves dedicated priorities provided by dedicated signalling and deprioritisationReq received in RRCRelease unless specified otherwise.
  • the UE When the UE in camped normally state, has only dedicated priorities other than for the current frequency, the UE shall consider the current frequency to be the lowest priority frequency (i.e. lower than any of the network configured values). If the UE is configured to perform both NR sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication, the UE may consider the frequency providing both NR sidelink communication configuration and V2X sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority. If the UE is configured to perform NR sidelink communication and not perform V2X communication, the UE may consider the frequency providing NR sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority. If the UE is configured to perform V2X sidelink communication and not perform NR sidelink communication, the UE may consider the frequency providing V2X sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority.
  • the frequency only providing the anchor frequency configuration should not be prioritized for V2X service during cell reselection.
  • UE When UE is configured to perform NR sidelink communication or V2X sidelink communication performs cell reselection, it may consider the frequencies providing the intra-carrier and inter-carrier configuration have equal priority in cell reselection.
  • the prioritization among the frequencies which UE considers to be the highest priority frequency is left to UE implementation.
  • the UE is configured to perform V2X sidelink communication or NR sidelink communication, if it has the capability and is authorized for the corresponding sidelink operation.
  • UE When UE is configured to perform both NR sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication, but cannot find a frequency which can provide both NR sidelink communication configuration and V2X sidelink communication configuration, UE may consider the frequency providing either NR sidelink communication configuration or V2X sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority.
  • the UE shall only perform cell reselection evaluation for NR frequencies and inter-RAT frequencies that are given in system information and for which the UE has a priority provided.
  • UE In case UE receives RRCRelease with deprioritisationReq , UE shall consider current frequency and stored frequencies due to the previously received RRCRelease with deprioritisationReq or all the frequencies of NR to be the lowest priority frequency (i.e. lower than any of the network configured values) while T325 is running irrespective of camped RAT.
  • the UE shall delete the stored deprioritisation request(s) when a PLMN selection or SNPN selection is performed on request by NAS.
  • UE should search for a higher priority layer for cell reselection as soon as possible after the change of priority.
  • the minimum related performance requirements are still applicable.
  • the UE shall delete dedicated priorities provided by dedicated signalling when:
  • the UE receives an RRCRelease message with the field cellReselectionPriorities absent;
  • a PLMN selection or SNPN selection is performed on request by NAS.
  • the UE shall not consider any black listed cells as candidate for cell reselection.
  • the UE shall consider only the white listed cells, if configured, as candidates for cell reselection.
  • the UE in RRC_IDLE state shall inherit the dedicated priorities provided by dedicated signalling and the remaining validity time (i.e. T320 in NR and E-UTRA), if configured, at inter-RAT cell (re)selection.
  • the network may assign dedicated cell reselection priorities for frequencies not configured by system information.
  • the UE may choose not to perform intra-frequency measurements.
  • the UE shall perform intra-frequency measurements.
  • the UE shall apply the following rules for NR inter-frequencies and inter-RAT frequencies which are indicated in system information and for which the UE has priority provided.
  • the UE shall perform measurements of higher priority NR inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequencies.
  • the UE may choose not to perform measurements of NR inter-frequencies or inter-RAT frequency cells of equal or lower priority;
  • the UE shall perform measurements of NR inter-frequencies or inter-RAT frequency cells of equal or lower priority.
  • the UE may further relax the needed measurements.
  • cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • a cell of a higher priority NR or EUTRAN RAT/frequency fulfils Squal > Thresh X, HighQ during a time interval Treselection RAT
  • cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • a cell of a higher priority RAT/ frequency fulfils Srxlev > Thresh X, HighP during a time interval Treselection RAT ;
  • Cell reselection to a cell on an equal priority NR frequency shall be based on ranking for intra-frequency cell reselection.
  • cell reselection to a cell on a lower priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • the serving cell fulfils Squal ⁇ Thresh Serving, LowQ and a cell of a lower priority NR or E-UTRAN RAT/ frequency fulfils Squal > Thresh X, LowQ during a time interval Treselection RAT .
  • cell reselection to a cell on a lower priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • the serving cell fulfils Srxlev ⁇ Thresh Serving, LowP and a cell of a lower priority RAT/ frequency fulfils Srxlev > Thresh X, LowP during a time interval Treselection RAT ;
  • Cell reselection to a higher priority RAT/frequency shall take precedence over a lower priority RAT/frequency if multiple cells of different priorities fulfil the cell reselection criteria.
  • the UE shall reselect a cell as follows:
  • the highest-priority frequency is an NR frequency, the highest ranked cell among the cells on the highest priority frequency(ies) meeting the criteria.
  • the highest-priority frequency is from another RAT, the strongest cell among the cells on the highest priority frequency(ies) meeting the criteria of that RAT.
  • the cell-ranking criterion R s for serving cell is defined by Q meas,s +Q hyst - Qoffset temp .
  • the cell-ranking criterion R n for neighbouring cell is defined by Q meas,n -Qoffset - Qoffset temp . Parameters are defined as the following table:
  • Qoffset For intra-frequency Equals to Qoffset s,n , if Qoffset s,n is valid, otherwise this equals to zero.
  • Qoffset temp Offset temporarily applied to a cell.
  • the UE shall perform ranking of all cells that fulfil the cell selection criterion S.
  • the cells shall be ranked according to the R criteria specified above by deriving Q meas,n and Q meas,s and calculating the R values using averaged RSRP results. If rangeToBestCell is not configured, the UE shall perform cell reselection to the highest ranked cell.
  • the UE shall perform cell reselection to the cell with the highest number of beams above the threshold (i.e. absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation ) among the cells whose R value is within rangeToBestCell of the R value of the highest ranked cell. If there are multiple such cells, the UE shall perform cell reselection to the highest ranked cell among them.
  • the UE shall reselect the new cell, only if the following conditions are met:
  • the new cell is better than the serving cell according to the cell reselection criteria specified above during a time interval Treselection RAT ;
  • the UE considers that there is one beam above the threshold for each cell on that frequency.
  • Network slicing enables the operator to create networks customized to provide optimized solutions for different market scenarios which demands diverse requirements, e.g. in the areas of functionality, performance and isolation.
  • a network slice is composed of all the network functions (NFs) that are required to provide the required telecommunication services and network capabilities, and the resources to run these NFs.
  • NFs network functions
  • NF refers to processing functions in a network. This includes but is not limited to telecom nodes functionality, as well as switching functions e.g. Ethernet switching function, IP routing functions. That is, NF has defined functional behavior and interfaces.
  • An NF can be implemented either as a network element on a dedicated hardware, or as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g. on a cloud infrastructure.
  • Virtual NF VNF is a virtualized version of a NF.
  • Network slicing concept consists of 3 layers: 1) service instance layer, 2) network slice instance layer, and 3) resource layer.
  • the service instance layer represents the services (end-user service or business services) which are to be supported. Each service is represented by a service instance.
  • the service instance is an instance of an end-user service or a business service that is realized within or by a network slice. Typically services can be provided by the network operator or by 3rd parties. In line with this, a service instance can either represent an operator service or a 3rd party provided service.
  • a network operator uses a network slice blueprint to create a network slice instance.
  • a network slice instance provides the network characteristics which are required by a service instance.
  • a network slice instance is a set of NFs, and resources to run these NFs, forming a complete instantiated logical network to meet certain network characteristics required by the service instance(s):
  • a network slice instance may be fully or partly, logically and/or physically, isolated from another network slice instance.
  • the resources comprises of physical and logical resources.
  • a network slice instance may be composed of sub-network instances, which as a special case may be shared by multiple network slice instances.
  • the network slice instance is defined by a network slice blueprint.
  • a network slice instance may also be shared across multiple service instances provided by the network operator.
  • a network slice blueprint is a complete description of the structure, configuration and the plans/work flows for how to instantiate and control the network slice instance during its life cycle.
  • a network slice blueprint enables the instantiation of a network slice, which provides certain network characteristics (e.g. ultra-low latency, ultra-reliability, value-added services for enterprises, etc.).
  • a network slice blueprint refers to required physical and logical resources and/or to sub-network blueprint(s).
  • the network slice instance may be composed by none, one or more sub-network instances, which may be shared by another network slice instance.
  • the sub-network blueprint is used to create a sub-network instance to form a set of NFs, which run on the physical/logical resources.
  • a sub-network instance comprises of a set of NFs and the resources for these NFs:
  • the sub-network instance is defined by a sub-network blueprint.
  • a sub-network instance is not required to form a complete logical network.
  • a sub-network instance may be shared by two or more network slices.
  • the resources comprises of physical and logical resources.
  • the sub-network blueprint is a description of the structure (and contained components) and configuration of the sub-network instances and the plans/work flows for how to instantiate it.
  • a sub-network blueprint refers to physical and logical resources and may refer to other sub-network blueprints.
  • Physical resource is a physical asset for computation, storage or transport including radio access.
  • NFs are not regarded as resources.
  • Logical resource is partition of a physical resource, or grouping of multiple physical resources dedicated to a NF or shared between a set of NFs.
  • a single set of C-Plane functions that are in common among core network instances is shared across multiple core network instances. Further, other C-Plane functions that are not in common reside in their respective core network instances, and are not shared with other core network instances.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of sharing a set of common C-plane functions among multiples core network instances.
  • the principles of the solution shown in FIG. 9 are as follows:
  • a core network instance (i.e., network slice) consists of a single set of C-Plane functions and a single set of U-Plane functions.
  • a core network instance is dedicated for the UEs that are belonging to the same UE type. Identifying the UE type is done by using a specific parameter, e.g. the UE usage type, and/or an information from the UE's subscription.
  • a set of C-Plane functions is responsible, for example, for supporting UE mobility if demanded or for admitting the UE into the network by performing authentication and subscription verification.
  • a set of U-Plane functions in a core network instance is responsible for providing a specific service to the UE and for transports the U-Plane data of the specific service.
  • one set of U-Plane functions in core network instance # 1 provides an enhanced mobile broadband service to the UE
  • another set of U-Plane functions in core network instance # 2 provides a critical communication service to the UE.
  • Each UE can have multiple U-Plane connections to different sets of U-Plane function that are available at different core network instances simultaneously.
  • the network slice selection function (NSSF) is responsible for selecting which core network instance to accommodate the UE by taking into account the UE's subscription and the specific parameter, e.g. the UE usage type.
  • the C-Plane selection function (CPSF) is responsible for selecting which C-Plane functions within the selected core network instance that the base station should communicate with. This selection of C-Plane functions is done by using the specific parameter, e.g. UE usage type.
  • the dedicated reselection information may comprise one or more dedicated priorities (e.g., cellReselectionPriorities and/or cellReselectionPriority ) and may be received via a dedicated signalling such as RRC release message.
  • the dedicated reselection information may further comprise extra priority values that are conditionally applicable.
  • the dedicated reselection information may comprise slice-specific priority information, and the extra priority of a frequency may only be applicable when the frequency supports a slice that is preferred or desired by the UE.
  • the dedicated reselection priority and/or dedicated priority always overrides the priority broadcast by the cell (i.e., common/broadcast priority received via a common/broadcast signalling such as system information).
  • overriding the broadcast priority by dedicated priority may not cause any problem, since dedicated priority values may be fully controlled by network, i.e., network may have a tight control on the frequencies to be prioritized by UE, and a statistical controllability on UEs' camping frequencies.
  • extra priority values e.g., slice-specific priority values for a frequency that may be applicable when the frequency supports a slice that is preferred or desired by the UE
  • network may lose such a tight controllability.
  • the extra priority value may become applicable based on UE-sided information (such as UE's preference/intention) and the UE's preference/intention may not be fully known to network.
  • UE-sided information such as UE's preference/intention
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a method performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method illustrated in FIG. 10 may also be performed by a wireless device.
  • the UE may receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency.
  • the UE may receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection.
  • the second cell may be different from the first cell, or the same as the first cell.
  • the UE may determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information.
  • step S1007 the UE may perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • the UE may receive, from a network, slice information informing one or more slices supported by the frequency.
  • the one or more slices may comprise the slice.
  • the slice information may comprise a slice identifier (ID) of the slice.
  • the network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • the UE may receive, from a network, a configuration for a list of frequencies including the frequency.
  • the priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection and does not inform whether to apply the second priority value to one or more other frequencies in the list of frequencies for the cell reselection.
  • the network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • the UE may receive, from a network, a configuration for a list of frequencies including the frequency.
  • the priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to all frequencies in the list of frequencies for the cell reselection.
  • the network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • the priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the slice and does not inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for one or more other slices supported by the frequency.
  • the UE may determine the first priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the first priority value to the frequency, or ii) the slice is not preferred by the UE.
  • the UE may determine the second priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the second priority value to the frequency, and ii) the slice is preferred by the UE.
  • the priority value to apply to the frequency may be determined as being highest among a list of frequencies configured by a network based on that the slice is preferred by the UE.
  • the network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • the UE may determine a highest priority frequency in a list of frequencies configured by a network based on comparing the priority value for the frequency with a priority value for at least one frequency in the list of frequencies.
  • the UE may perform the cell reselection to a highest ranked cell on the highest priority frequency.
  • the network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • the UE may be configured with dedicated priority/reselection information for a list of frequencies.
  • the dedicated priority/reselection information may include a first priority value for each frequency.
  • the dedicated priority/reselection information may include at least one second priority value related to one or more slices.
  • the UE may camp on a cell that possibly broadcasts an indication.
  • the UE may determine a reselection priority of each frequency based on the indication.
  • the UE may determine that the reselection priority is the first priority value if a status of the indication corresponds to a first status value.
  • the UE may determine that the reselection priority is the second priority value if a status of the indication corresponds to a second status value.
  • the UE may reselect a highest ranked cell on a frequency of the highest priority value.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a method for controlling cell reselection priority overriding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method may be performed by a UE and/or a wireless device.
  • the UE may receive a configuration comprising dedicated priority information (or, dedicated reselection information) for a list of frequencies.
  • the UE may be configured with dedicated priority for a list of frequencies.
  • the dedicated priority information may include a first priority value (e.g., cellReselectionPriority ) for each frequency.
  • a first priority value e.g., cellReselectionPriority
  • the dedicated priority information may include at least one second priority value.
  • the second priority value may be associated with at least one slice (or, slice ID).
  • the dedicated priority information may indicate a second priority value (or, second priority value set) per slice or per set of slices.
  • the dedicated priority information may indicate a second priority value (or, second priority value set) and associated slice ID(s) per frequency.
  • the second priority value may be a slice-specific priority value for a frequency that may be applicable when the frequency supports a slice that is preferred or desired by the UE.
  • the UE may receive, from a cell, indication(s) (e.g., priority control information) to control whether the UE is allowed to apply the second priority value for a cell reselection.
  • indication(s) may be broadcast by the cell.
  • the UE may determine whether the second priority value may be applicable for cell reselection.
  • the indication(s) may be provided in a broadcast manner (e.g., broadcast/common signalling such as system information) and/or a dedicated signalling.
  • a broadcast manner e.g., broadcast/common signalling such as system information
  • a dedicated signalling e.g., broadcast/common signalling such as system information
  • the indication(s) may be provided per frequency or per cell.
  • a cell may indicate whether the UE is allowed to apply the second priority value for each frequency, if applicable.
  • the cell may transmit the following information as illustrated in table 7 via a dedicated signalling and/or a broadcast signalling (e.g., system information such as system information block type 4 (SIB4)).
  • SIB4 system information block type 4
  • UE If absent, UE considers that the dedicated second priority value associated with the slice (indicated by the slice ID) for this frequency (indicated by dl-CarrierFreq) is applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the second priority value for this frequency for cell reselection if the frequency supports UE's preferred/intended slice.
  • the cell may transmit the following information as illustrated in table 8 via a dedicated signalling and/or a broadcast signalling (e.g., system information such as system information block type 4 (SIB4)).
  • SIB4 system information block type 4
  • UE If absent, UE considers that the dedicated second priority value associated with the slice (indicated by the slice ID) for this frequency (indicated by dl-CarrierFreq) is not applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the first priority value for this frequency for cell reselection.
  • a cell may indicate whether the UE is allowed to apply the second priority value to any frequency for which the second priority value is configured.
  • the cell may transmit the following information as illustrated in table 9 via a dedicated signalling and/or a broadcast signalling (e.g., system information such as system information block type 1 (SIB1)).
  • SIB1 system information block type 1
  • UE considers that any dedicated second priority value is not applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the first priority value for all frequencies for cell reselection.
  • the dedicated second priority value can be configured via a dedicated message (e.g., RRC release message).
  • the dedicated message/RRC release message may comprise information elements as illustrated in table 10:
  • the UE may perform a cell reselection as in steps S1105 and S1107.
  • the UE may determine a frequency priority value of that frequency.For example, if the frequency supports the desired slice and if the second priority value is available for the frequency and if the second priority value is applicable for the frequency as determined by referring to the indication(s), the UE may consider the second priority value associated with the desired slice for that frequency as the frequency priority value of that frequency.
  • the UE may consider the first priority value of the frequency as the frequency priority value of that frequency.
  • the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is a predefined value (desirably highest priority).
  • network may configure UE with indication(s) via dedicated signalling.
  • the indication(s) may control whether the UE is allowed to apply slice-specific priority information broadcast by a camping cell.
  • the indication can be per-UE indication. If UE receives an indication corresponding to a status (e.g., set to true or being present), the UE may consider that a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is applicable. If UE receives an indication corresponding to another status (e.g., set to false or being absent), UE may consider the slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is not applicable, i.e., only consider legacy priority information and/or first priority value.
  • a status e.g., set to true or being present
  • the UE may consider that a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is applicable. If UE receives an indication corresponding to another status (e.g., set to false or being absent), UE may consider the slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is not applicable, i.e., only consider legacy priority information and/or first priority value.
  • the indication can be per-frequency indication. If UE receives an indication corresponding to a status (e.g., set to true or being present) for a frequency, UE may consider a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is applicable for the frequency. If UE receives an indication corresponding to another status (e.g., set to false or being absent) for a frequency, UE may consider a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is not applicable for the frequency, i.e., only consider legacy priority information (e.g., first priority value) for the frequency.
  • a status e.g., set to true or being present
  • UE may consider a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is applicable for the frequency. If UE receives an indication corresponding to another status (e.g., set to false or being absent) for a frequency, UE may consider a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is not applicable for the frequency, i.e., only consider legacy priority information (e.g.
  • the UE may determine a cell reselection priority value for a concerned frequency as follows:
  • the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is the slice-associated frequency priority.
  • the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is a predefined value (desirably highest priority value).
  • the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is the slice-associated frequency priority value.
  • the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is a predefined value (desirably highest priority value).
  • the UE may perform a cell reselection by using the determined frequency priority value, i.e., select a highest ranked cell of a frequency with a highest frequency priority value.
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to control whether the UE is allowed to override a common priority by a dedicated priority (the dedicated priority may not necessarily be a slice-specific priority).
  • the control can be applied per cell (i.e., all frequencies broadcast by the cell for which dedicated priority is provided) or per frequency (i.e., by per-frequency indication).
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to control whether the UE is allowed to apply highest priority for a certain frequency that is preferred by UE to get the intended services.
  • the UE may be by default allowed to consider the frequency to have the highest reselection priority if the frequency supports the desired MBMS services or desired sidelink (or V2X) services.
  • V2X desired sidelink
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a method performed by a BS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the BS may transmit, to a UE, one or more SS/PBCH blocks.
  • the BS may perform a random access procedure with the UE.
  • the BS may transmit, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value.
  • the first priority value may be applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency.
  • the priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  • the BS in FIG. 12 may be an example of a second device 220 in FIG. 2, and therefore, steps of the BS as illustrated in FIG. 12 may be implemented by the second device 220.
  • the processor 221 may be configured to control the transceiver 223 to transmit, to a UE, one or more SS/PBCH blocks.
  • the processor 221 may be configured to perform a random access procedure with the UE.
  • the processor 221 may be configured to control the transceiver 223 to transmit, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value.
  • the first priority value may be applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency.
  • the priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  • FIG. 13 shows a UE to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure described above for UE side may be applied to this embodiment.
  • the UE in FIG. 13 may be an example of first device 210 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a UE includes a processor 1310 (i.e., processor 211), a power management module 1311, a battery 1312, a display 1313, a keypad 1314, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card 1315, a memory 1320 (i.e., memory 212), a transceiver 1330 (i.e., transceiver 213), one or more antennas 1331, a speaker 1340, and a microphone 1341.
  • SIM subscriber identification module
  • the processor 1310 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and/or methods described in this description. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 1310.
  • the processor 1310 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and/or data processing device.
  • the processor 1310 may be an application processor (AP).
  • the processor 1310 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a modem (modulator and demodulator).
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • modem modulator and demodulator
  • processor 1310 may be found in SNAPDRAGON TM series of processors made by Qualcomm ® , EXYNOS TM series of processors made by Samsung ® , A series of processors made by Apple ® , HELIO TM series of processors made by MediaTek ® , ATOM TM series of processors made by Intel ® or a corresponding next generation processor.
  • the processor 1310 may be configured to, or configured to control the transceiver 1330 to implement steps performed by the UE and/or the wireless device throughout the disclosure.
  • the power management module 1311 manages power for the processor 1310 and/or the transceiver 1330.
  • the battery 1312 supplies power to the power management module 1311.
  • the display 1313 outputs results processed by the processor 1310.
  • the keypad 1314 receives inputs to be used by the processor 1310.
  • the keypad 1314 may be shown on the display 1313.
  • the SIM card 1315 is an integrated circuit that is intended to securely store the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identity
  • the memory 1320 is operatively coupled with the processor 1310 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 1310.
  • the memory 1320 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/or other storage device.
  • the transceiver 1330 is operatively coupled with the processor 1310, and transmits and/or receives a radio signal.
  • the transceiver 1330 includes a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transceiver 1330 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals.
  • the transceiver 1330 controls the one or more antennas 1331 to transmit and/or receive a radio signal.
  • the speaker 1340 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 1310.
  • the microphone 1341 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 1310.
  • the processor 1310 may be configured to, or configured to control the transceiver 1330 to implement steps performed by the UE and/or the wireless device throughout the disclosure.
  • the processor 1310 may be configured to control the transceiver 1330 to receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency.
  • the processor 1310 may be configured to control the transceiver 1330 to receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection.
  • the processor 1310 may be configured to determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information.
  • the processor 1310 may be configured to perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • FIG. 14 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the wireless communication system may include a first device 1410 (i.e., first device 210) and a second device 1420 (i.e., second device 220).
  • the first device 1410 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 1411, and at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 1412.
  • the processing chip 1412 may include at least one processor, such a processor 1413, and at least one memory, such as a memory 1414.
  • the memory may be operably connectable to the processor 1413.
  • the memory 1414 may store various types of information and/or instructions.
  • the memory 1414 may store a software code 1415 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 1413, perform operations of the first device 910 described throughout the disclosure.
  • the software code 1415 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 1413, perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the first device 1410 described throughout the disclosure.
  • the software code 1415 may control the processor 1413 to perform one or more protocols.
  • the software code 1415 may control the processor 1413 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.
  • the second device 1420 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 1421, and at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 1422.
  • the processing chip 1422 may include at least one processor, such a processor 1423, and at least one memory, such as a memory 1424.
  • the memory may be operably connectable to the processor 1423.
  • the memory 1424 may store various types of information and/or instructions.
  • the memory 1424 may store a software code 1425 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 1423, perform operations of the second device 1420 described throughout the disclosure.
  • the software code 1425 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 1423, perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the second device 1420 described throughout the disclosure.
  • the software code 1425 may control the processor 1423 to perform one or more protocols.
  • the software code 1425 may control the processor 1423 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.
  • the first device 1410 as illustrated in FIG. 14 may comprise a UE.
  • the UE may comprise a transceiver 1411, a processing chip 1412.
  • the processing chip 1412 may comprise a processor 1413, and a memory 1414.
  • the memory 1414 may be operably connectable to the processor 1413.
  • the memory 1414 may store various types of information and/or instructions.
  • the memory 1414 may store a software code 1415 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 1413, perform operations comprising: receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), may cause the UE to: receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • UE user equipment
  • the present disclosure may be applied to various future technologies, such as AI, robots, autonomous-driving/self-driving vehicles, and/or extended reality (XR).
  • future technologies such as AI, robots, autonomous-driving/self-driving vehicles, and/or extended reality (XR).
  • XR extended reality
  • AI refers to artificial intelligence and/or the field of studying methodology for making it.
  • Machine learning is a field of studying methodologies that define and solve various problems dealt with in AI.
  • Machine learning may be defined as an algorithm that enhances the performance of a task through a steady experience with any task.
  • An artificial neural network is a model used in machine learning. It can mean a whole model of problem-solving ability, consisting of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network of synapses.
  • An ANN can be defined by a connection pattern between neurons in different layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and/or an activation function for generating an output value.
  • An ANN may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer may contain one or more neurons, and an ANN may include a synapse that links neurons to neurons.
  • each neuron can output a summation of the activation function for input signals, weights, and deflections input through the synapse.
  • Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, including deflection of neurons and/or weights of synaptic connections.
  • the hyper-parameter means a parameter to be set in the machine learning algorithm before learning, and includes a learning rate, a repetition number, a mini batch size, an initialization function, etc.
  • the objective of the ANN learning can be seen as determining the model parameters that minimize the loss function.
  • the loss function can be used as an index to determine optimal model parameters in learning process of ANN.
  • Machine learning can be divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, depending on the learning method.
  • Supervised learning is a method of learning ANN with labels given to learning data. Labels are the answers (or result values) that ANN must infer when learning data is input to ANN.
  • Unsupervised learning can mean a method of learning ANN without labels given to learning data.
  • Reinforcement learning can mean a learning method in which an agent defined in an environment learns to select a behavior and/or sequence of actions that maximizes cumulative compensation in each state.
  • Machine learning which is implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) that includes multiple hidden layers among ANN, is also called deep learning. Deep learning is part of machine learning. In the following, machine learning is used to mean deep learning.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of an AI device to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the AI device 1500 may be implemented as a stationary device or a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a desktop computer, a notebook, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA, a PMP, a navigation device, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) receiver, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc.
  • a mobile device such as a TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a desktop computer, a notebook, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA, a PMP, a navigation device, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) receiver, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc.
  • DMB digital multimedia
  • the AI device 1500 may include a communication part 1510, an input part 1560, a learning processor 1530, a sensing part 1540, an output part 1550, a memory 1560, and a processor 1570.
  • the communication part 1510 can transmit and/or receive data to and/or from external devices such as the AI devices and the AI server using wire and/or wireless communication technology.
  • the communication part 1510 can transmit and/or receive sensor information, a user input, a learning model, and a control signal with external devices.
  • the communication technology used by the communication part 1510 may include a global system for mobile communication (GSM), a code division multiple access (CDMA), an LTE/LTE-A, a 5G, a WLAN, a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth TM , radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared data association (IrDA), ZigBee, and/or near field communication (NFC).
  • GSM global system for mobile communication
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • LTE/LTE-A Long Term Evolution
  • 5G Fifth Generation
  • WLAN Fifth Generation
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • Bluetooth TM Bluetooth TM
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • IrDA infrared data association
  • ZigBee ZigBe
  • the input part 1560 can acquire various kinds of data.
  • the input part 1560 may include a camera for inputting a video signal, a microphone for receiving an audio signal, and a user input part for receiving information from a user.
  • a camera and/or a microphone may be treated as a sensor, and a signal obtained from a camera and/or a microphone may be referred to as sensing data and/or sensor information.
  • the input part 1560 can acquire input data to be used when acquiring an output using learning data and a learning model for model learning.
  • the input part 1560 may obtain raw input data, in which case the processor 1570 or the learning processor 1530 may extract input features by preprocessing the input data.
  • the learning processor 1530 may learn a model composed of an ANN using learning data.
  • the learned ANN can be referred to as a learning model.
  • the learning model can be used to infer result values for new input data rather than learning data, and the inferred values can be used as a basis for determining which actions to perform.
  • the learning processor 1530 may perform AI processing together with the learning processor of the AI server.
  • the learning processor 1530 may include a memory integrated and/or implemented in the AI device 1500. Alternatively, the learning processor 1530 may be implemented using the memory 1560, an external memory directly coupled to the AI device 1500, and/or a memory maintained in an external device.
  • the sensing part 1540 may acquire at least one of internal information of the AI device 1500, environment information of the AI device 1500, and/or the user information using various sensors.
  • the sensors included in the sensing part 1540 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR), and/or a radar.
  • the output part 1550 may generate an output related to visual, auditory, tactile, etc.
  • the output part 1550 may include a display unit for outputting visual information, a speaker for outputting auditory information, and/or a haptic module for outputting tactile information.
  • the memory 1560 may store data that supports various functions of the AI device 1500.
  • the memory 1560 may store input data acquired by the input part 1560, learning data, a learning model, a learning history, etc.
  • the processor 1570 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 1500 based on information determined and/or generated using a data analysis algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm. The processor 1570 may then control the components of the AI device 1500 to perform the determined operation. The processor 1570 may request, retrieve, receive, and/or utilize data in the learning processor 1530 and/or the memory 1560, and may control the components of the AI device 1500 to execute the predicted operation and/or the operation determined to be desirable among the at least one executable operation. The processor 1570 may generate a control signal for controlling the external device, and may transmit the generated control signal to the external device, when the external device needs to be linked to perform the determined operation.
  • the processor 1570 may obtain the intention information for the user input and determine the user's requirements based on the obtained intention information.
  • the processor 1570 may use at least one of a speech-to-text (STT) engine for converting speech input into a text string and/or a natural language processing (NLP) engine for acquiring intention information of a natural language, to obtain the intention information corresponding to the user input.
  • STT speech-to-text
  • NLP natural language processing
  • At least one of the STT engine and/or the NLP engine may be configured as an ANN, at least a part of which is learned according to a machine learning algorithm.
  • At least one of the STT engine and/or the NLP engine may be learned by the learning processor 1530 and/or learned by the learning processor of the AI server, and/or learned by their distributed processing.
  • the processor 1570 may collect history information including the operation contents of the AI device 1500 and/or the user's feedback on the operation, etc.
  • the processor 1570 may store the collected history information in the memory 1560 and/or the learning processor 1530, and/or transmit to an external device such as the AI server.
  • the collected history information can be used to update the learning model.
  • the processor 1570 may control at least some of the components of AI device 1500 to drive an application program stored in memory 1560. Furthermore, the processor 1570 may operate two or more of the components included in the AI device 1500 in combination with each other for driving the application program.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of an AI system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • an AI server 1620 a robot 1610a, an autonomous vehicle 1610b, an XR device 1610c, a smartphone 1610d and/or a home appliance 1610e is connected to a cloud network 1600.
  • the robot 1610a, the autonomous vehicle 1610b, the XR device 1610c, the smartphone 1610d, and/or the home appliance 1610e to which the AI technology is applied may be referred to as AI devices 1610a to 1610e.
  • the cloud network 1600 may refer to a network that forms part of a cloud computing infrastructure and/or resides in a cloud computing infrastructure.
  • the cloud network 1600 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G or LTE network, and/or a 5G network. That is, each of the devices 1610a to 1610e and 1620 consisting the AI system may be connected to each other through the cloud network 1600.
  • each of the devices 1610a to 1610e and 1620 may communicate with each other through a base station, but may directly communicate with each other without using a base station.
  • the AI server 1620 may include a server for performing AI processing and a server for performing operations on big data.
  • the AI server 1620 is connected to at least one or more of AI devices constituting the AI system, i.e. the robot 1610a, the autonomous vehicle 1610b, the XR device 1610c, the smartphone 1610d and/or the home appliance 1610e through the cloud network 1600, and may assist at least some AI processing of the connected AI devices 1610a to 1610e.
  • the AI server 1620 can learn the ANN according to the machine learning algorithm on behalf of the AI devices 1610a to 1610e, and can directly store the learning models and/or transmit them to the AI devices 1610a to 1610e.
  • the AI server 1620 may receive the input data from the AI devices 1610a to 1610e, infer the result value with respect to the received input data using the learning model, generate a response and/or a control command based on the inferred result value, and transmit the generated data to the AI devices 1610a to 1610e.
  • the AI devices 1610a to 1610e may directly infer a result value for the input data using a learning model, and generate a response and/or a control command based on the inferred result value.
  • the AI devices 1610a to 1610e to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied will be described.
  • the AI devices 1610a to 1610e shown in FIG. 16 can be seen as specific embodiments of the AI device 1500 shown in FIG. 15.
  • the present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.
  • each cell can control whether UE's preference/intention on a specific slice is applicable for a cell reselection so that a controllability of a network on UE's camping frequencies can be increased.

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Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a cell reselection in wireless communications. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprises: receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.

Description

    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CELL RESELECTION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
  • The present disclosure relates to a cell reselection in wireless communications.
    •
  • 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.
  • Work has started in international telecommunication union (ITU) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems. 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU radio communication sector (ITU-R) international mobile telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.
  • The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type-communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shall be inherently forward compatible.
  • For a cell reselection, a UE may determine a frequency having a highest priority, and highest ranked cell on the highest priority frequency. Then, the UE may perform the cell reselection to the highest ranked cell. To determine the highest priority frequency, slice information related to one or more frequencies may be considered.
    •
  • An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide method and apparatus for a cell reselection in a wireless communication system.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide method and apparatus for determining a frequency for the cell reselection in a wireless communication system.
  • Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide method and apparatus for determining a frequency for the cell reselection based on slice information in a wireless communication system.
    •
  • According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprises: receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprises: a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to: control the transceiver to receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; control the transceiver to receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a processor for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. A memory of the UE stores a software code which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform operations comprising: receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions. The plurality of instructions, when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system comprises: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), one or more synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocks; performing a random access procedure with the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value, wherein the first priority value is applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency, and wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  • According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system comprises: a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to: control the transceiver to transmit, to a user equipment (UE), one or more synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocks; perform a random access procedure with the UE; and control the transceiver to transmit, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value, wherein the first priority value is applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency, and wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
    •
  • The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.
  • For example, each cell can control whether UE's preference/intention on a specific slice is applicable for a cell reselection so that a controllability of a network on UE's camping frequencies can be increased.
  • Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and/or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.
    •
  • FIG. 1 shows examples of 5G usage scenarios to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a user plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a control plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of sharing a set of common C-plane functions among multiples core network instances.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a method performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a method for controlling cell reselection priority overriding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a method performed by a BS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 shows a UE to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of an AI device to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of an AI system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
    •
  • The technical features described below may be used by a communication standard by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standardization organization, a communication standard by the institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE), etc. For example, the communication standards by the 3GPP standardization organization include long-term evolution (LTE) and/or evolution of LTE systems. The evolution of LTE systems includes LTE-advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, and/or 5G new radio (NR). The communication standard by the IEEE standardization organization includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) system such as IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax. The above system uses various multiple access technologies such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and/or single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL). For example, only OFDMA may be used for DL and only SC-FDMA may be used for UL. Alternatively, OFDMA and SC-FDMA may be used for DL and/or UL.
  • In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and/or B". For example, "A, B or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".
  • In the present disclosure, slash (/) or comma (,) may mean "and/or". For example, "A/B" may mean "A and/or B". Accordingly, "A/B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C".
  • In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and/or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as "at least one of A and B".
  • In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and/or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C”.
  • Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". In detail, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".
  • Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.
  • Throughout the disclosure, the terms 'radio access network (RAN) node', 'base station', 'eNB', 'gNB' and 'cell' may be used interchangeably. Further, a UE may be a kind of a wireless device, and throughout the disclosure, the terms 'UE' and 'wireless device' may be used interchangeably.
  • Throughout the disclosure, the terms 'cell quality', 'signal strength', 'signal quality', 'channel state', 'channel quality', ' channel state/reference signal received power (RSRP)' and ' reference signal received quality (RSRQ)' may be used interchangeably.
  • The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals/messages/fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.
  • FIG. 1 shows examples of 5G usage scenarios to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.
  • Referring to FIG. 1, the three main requirements areas of 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) domain, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) area, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) area. Some use cases may require multiple areas for optimization and, other use cases may only focus on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G is to support these various use cases in a flexible and reliable way.
  • eMBB focuses on across-the-board enhancements to the data rate, latency, user density, capacity and coverage of mobile broadband access. The eMBB aims ~10 Gbps of throughput. eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internet access and covers rich interactive work and media and entertainment applications in cloud and/or augmented reality. Data is one of the key drivers of 5G and may not be able to see dedicated voice services for the first time in the 5G era. In 5G, the voice is expected to be processed as an application simply using the data connection provided by the communication system. The main reason for the increased volume of traffic is an increase in the size of the content and an increase in the number of applications requiring high data rates. Streaming services (audio and video), interactive video and mobile Internet connectivity will become more common as more devices connect to the Internet. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to the user. Cloud storage and applications are growing rapidly in mobile communication platforms, which can be applied to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that drives growth of uplink data rate. 5G is also used for remote tasks on the cloud and requires much lower end-to-end delay to maintain a good user experience when the tactile interface is used. In entertainment, for example, cloud games and video streaming are another key factor that increases the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential in smartphones and tablets anywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, cars and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment. Here, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data amount.
  • mMTC is designed to enable communication between devices that are low-cost, massive in number and battery-driven, intended to support applications such as smart metering, logistics, and field and body sensors. mMTC aims ~10 years on battery and/or ~1 million devices/km2. mMTC allows seamless integration of embedded sensors in all areas and is one of the most widely used 5G applications. Potentially by 2020, internet-of-things (IoT) devices are expected to reach 20.4 billion. Industrial IoT is one of the areas where 5G plays a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture and security infrastructures.
  • URLLC will make it possible for devices and machines to communicate with ultra-reliability, very low latency and high availability, making it ideal for vehicular communication, industrial control, factory automation, remote surgery, smart grids and public safety applications.　URLLC aims ~1ms of latency. URLLC includes new services that will change the industry through links with ultra-reliability / low latency, such as remote control of key infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. The level of reliability and latency is essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, drones control and coordination.
  • Next, a plurality of use cases included in the triangle of FIG. 1 will be described in more detail.
  • 5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS) as a means of delivering streams rated from hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second. This high speed can be required to deliver TVs with resolutions of 4K or more (6K, 8K and above) as well as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). VR and AR applications include mostly immersive sporting events. Certain applications may require special network settings. For example, in the case of a VR game, a game company may need to integrate a core server with an edge network server of a network operator to minimize delay.
  • Automotive is expected to become an important new driver for 5G, with many use cases for mobile communications to vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers demands high capacity and high mobile broadband at the same time. This is because future users will continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is an augmented reality dashboard. The driver can identify an object in the dark on top of what is being viewed through the front window through the augmented reality dashboard. The augmented reality dashboard displays information that will inform the driver about the object's distance and movement. In the future, the wireless module enables communication between vehicles, information exchange between the vehicle and the supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between the vehicle and other connected devices (e.g. devices accompanied by a pedestrian). The safety system allows the driver to guide the alternative course of action so that he can drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The next step will be a remotely controlled vehicle or self-driving vehicle. This requires a very reliable and very fast communication between different self-driving vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driving vehicle will perform all driving activities, and the driver will focus only on traffic that the vehicle itself cannot identify. The technical requirements of self-driving vehicles require ultra-low latency and high-speed reliability to increase traffic safety to a level not achievable by humans.
  • Smart cities and smart homes, which are referred to as smart societies, will be embedded in high density wireless sensor networks. The distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or house. A similar setting can be performed for each home. Temperature sensors, windows and heating controllers, burglar alarms and appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically require low data rate, low power and low cost. However, for example, real-time high-definition (HD) video may be required for certain types of devices for monitoring.
  • The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is highly dispersed, requiring automated control of distributed sensor networks. The smart grid interconnects these sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect and act on information. This information can include supplier and consumer behavior, allowing the smart grid to improve the distribution of fuel, such as electricity, in terms of efficiency, reliability, economy, production sustainability, and automated methods. The smart grid can be viewed as another sensor network with low latency.
  • The health sector has many applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Communication systems can support telemedicine to provide clinical care in remote locations. This can help to reduce barriers to distance and improve access to health services that are not continuously available in distant rural areas. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Mobile communication based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.
  • Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring costs are high for installation and maintenance. Thus, the possibility of replacing a cable with a wireless link that can be reconfigured is an attractive opportunity in many industries. However, achieving this requires that wireless connections operate with similar delay, reliability, and capacity as cables and that their management is simplified. Low latency and very low error probabilities are new requirements that need to be connected to 5G.
  • Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases of mobile communications that enable tracking of inventory and packages anywhere using location based information systems. Use cases of logistics and freight tracking typically require low data rates, but require a large range and reliable location information.
  • NR supports multiple numerology (or, subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported. When the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. When the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.
  • The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., FR1 and FR2. The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range," and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).
  • Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing
    FR1 450MHz - 6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz
    FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz
  • As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).
  • Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing
    FR1 410MHz - 7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz
    FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.Referring to FIG. 2, the wireless communication system may include a first device 210 and a second device 220.The first device 210 includes a base station, a network node, a transmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an artificial intelligence (AI) module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, a mixed reality (MR) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fin-tech device (or, a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the fourth industrial revolution.
  • The second device 220 includes a base station, a network node, a transmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fin-tech device (or, a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the fourth industrial revolution.
  • For example, the UE may include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a wearable device (e.g. a smartwatch, a smart glass, a head mounted display (HMD)) . For example, the HMD may be a display device worn on the head. For example, the HMD may be used to implement AR, VR and/or MR.
  • For example, the drone may be a flying object that is flying by a radio control signal without a person boarding it. For example, the VR device may include a device that implements an object or background in the virtual world. For example, the AR device may include a device that implements connection of an object and/or a background of a virtual world to an object and/or a background of the real world. For example, the MR device may include a device that implements fusion of an object and/or a background of a virtual world to an object and/or a background of the real world. For example, the hologram device may include a device that implements a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and playing stereoscopic information by utilizing a phenomenon of interference of light generated by the two laser lights meeting with each other, called holography. For example, the public safety device may include a video relay device or a video device that can be worn by the user's body. For example, the MTC device and the IoT device may be a device that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, the MTC device and the IoT device may include a smart meter, a vending machine, a thermometer, a smart bulb, a door lock and/or various sensors. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, handling, or preventing a disease. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or disorder. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of inspecting, replacing or modifying a structure or function. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of controlling pregnancy. For example, the medical device may include a treatment device, a surgical device, an (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid and/or a procedural device, etc. For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent the risk that may occur and to maintain safety. For example, the security device may include a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box. For example, the fin-tech device may be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payment. For example, the fin-tech device may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS). For example, the climate/environmental device may include a device for monitoring or predicting the climate/environment.
  • The first device 210 may include at least one or more processors, such as a processor 211, at least one memory, such as a memory 212, and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 213. The processor 211 may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the first device described throughout the disclosure. The processor 211 may perform one or more protocols. For example, the processor 211 may perform one or more layers of the air interface protocol. The memory 212 is connected to the processor 211 and may store various types of information and/or instructions. The transceiver 213 is connected to the processor 211 and may be controlled by the processor 211 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • The second device 220 may include at least one or more processors, such as a processor 221, at least one memory, such as a memory 222, and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 223. The processor 221 may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the second device 220 described throughout the disclosure. The processor 221 may perform one or more protocols. For example, the processor 221 may perform one or more layers of the air interface protocol. The memory 222 is connected to the processor 221 and may store various types of information and/or instructions. The transceiver 223 is connected to the processor 221 and may be controlled by the processor 221 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • The memory 212, 222 may be connected internally or externally to the processor 211, 212, or may be connected to other processors via a variety of technologies such as wired or wireless connections.
  • The first device 210 and/or the second device 220 may have more than one antenna. For example, antenna 214 and/or antenna 224 may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • Specifically, FIG. 3 shows a system architecture based on an evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). The aforementioned LTE is a part of an evolved-UTMS (e-UMTS) using the E-UTRAN.
  • Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless communication system includes one or more user equipment (UE) 310, an E-UTRAN and an evolved packet core (EPC). The UE 310 refers to a communication equipment carried by a user. The UE 310 may be fixed or mobile. The UE 310 may be referred to as another terminology, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a wireless device, etc.
  • The E-UTRAN consists of one or more evolved NodeB (eNB) 320. The eNB 320 provides the E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 10. The eNB 320 is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 310. The eNB 320 hosts the functions, such as inter-cell radio resource management (RRM), radio bearer (RB) control, connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurement configuration/provision, dynamic resource allocation (scheduler), etc. The eNB 320 may be referred to as another terminology, such as a base station (BS), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), etc.
  • A downlink (DL) denotes communication from the eNB 320 to the UE 310. An uplink (UL) denotes communication from the UE 310 to the eNB 320. A sidelink (SL) denotes communication between the UEs 310. In the DL, a transmitter may be a part of the eNB 320, and a receiver may be a part of the UE 310. In the UL, the transmitter may be a part of the UE 310, and the receiver may be a part of the eNB 320. In the SL, the transmitter and receiver may be a part of the UE 310.
  • The EPC includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (S-GW) and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME hosts the functions, such as non-access stratum (NAS) security, idle state mobility handling, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer control, etc. The S-GW hosts the functions, such as mobility anchoring, etc. The S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRAN as an endpoint. For convenience, MME/S-GW 330 will be referred to herein simply as a "gateway," but it is understood that this entity includes both the MME and S-GW. The P-GW hosts the functions, such as UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation, packet filtering, etc. The P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an endpoint. The P-GW is connected to an external network.
  • The UE 310 is connected to the eNB 320 by means of the Uu interface. The UEs 310 are interconnected with each other by means of the PC5 interface. The eNBs 320 are interconnected with each other by means of the X2 interface. The eNBs 320 are also connected by means of the S1 interface to the EPC, more specifically to the MME by means of the S1-MME interface and to the S-GW by means of the S1-U interface. The S1 interface supports a many-to-many relation between MMEs / S-GWs and eNBs.
  • FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • Specifically, FIG. 4 shows a system architecture based on a 5G NR. The entity used in the 5G NR (hereinafter, simply referred to as "NR") may absorb some or all of the functions of the entities introduced in FIG. 3 (e.g. eNB, MME, S-GW). The entity used in the NR may be identified by the name "NG" for distinction from the LTE/LTE-A.
  • Referring to FIG. 4, the wireless communication system includes one or more UE 410, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) and a 5th generation core network (5GC). The NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node. The NG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the eNB 320 shown in FIG. 3. The NG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB 421 and/or at least one ng-eNB 422. The gNB 421 provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 410. The ng-eNB 422 provides E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 410.
  • The 5GC includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), a user plane function (UPF) and a session management function (SMF). The AMF hosts the functions, such as NAS security, idle state mobility handling, etc. The AMF is an entity including the functions of the conventional MME. The UPF hosts the functions, such as mobility anchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) handling. The UPF an entity including the functions of the conventional S-GW. The SMF hosts the functions, such as UE IP address allocation, PDU session control.
  • The gNBs 421 and ng-eNBs 422 are interconnected with each other by means of the Xn interface. The gNBs 421 and ng-eNBs 422 are also connected by means of the NG interfaces to the 5GC, more specifically to the AMF by means of the NG-C interface and to the UPF by means of the NG-U interface.
  • A protocol structure between network entities described above is described. On the system of FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 4, layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network (e.g. NG-RAN and/or E-UTRAN) may be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a user plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied. FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a control plane protocol stack to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • The user/control plane protocol stacks shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are used in NR. However, user/control plane protocol stacks shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 may be used in LTE/LTE-A without loss of generality, by replacing gNB/AMF with eNB/MME.
  • Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to L1. The PHY layer offers information transfer services to media access control (MAC) sublayer and higher layers. The PHY layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels. Data between the MAC sublayer and the PHY layer is transferred via the transport channels. Between different PHY layers, i.e., between a PHY layer of a transmission side and a PHY layer of a reception side, data is transferred via the physical channels.
  • The MAC sublayer belongs to L2. The main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing/de-multiplexing of MAC service data units (SDUs) belonging to one or different logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer on transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling, priority handling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channel prioritization (LCP), etc. The MAC sublayer offers to the radio link control (RLC) sublayer logical channels.
  • The RLC sublayer belong to L2. The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes, i.e. transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM), in order to guarantee various quality of services (QoS) required by radio bearers. The main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode. For example, the RLC sublayer provides transfer of upper layer PDUs for all three modes, but provides error correction through ARQ for AM only. In LTE/LTE-A, the RLC sublayer provides concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs (only for UM and AM data transfer) and re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs (only for AM data transfer). In NR, the RLC sublayer provides segmentation (only for AM and UM) and re-segmentation (only for AM) of RLC SDUs and reassembly of SDU (only for AM and UM). That is, the NR does not support concatenation of RLC SDUs. The RLC sublayer offers to the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) sublayer RLC channels.
  • The PDCP sublayer belong to L2. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include header compression and decompression, transfer of user data, duplicate detection, PDCP PDU routing, retransmission of PDCP SDUs, ciphering and deciphering, etc. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the control plane include ciphering and integrity protection, transfer of control plane data, etc.
  • The service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) sublayer belong to L2. The SDAP sublayer is only defined in the user plane. The SDAP sublayer is only defined for NR. The main services and functions of SDAP include, mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer (DRB), and marking QoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. The SDAP sublayer offers to 5GC QoS flows.
  • A radio resource control (RRC) layer belongs to L3. The RRC layer is only defined in the control plane. The RRC layer controls radio resources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS. The main services and functions of the RRC layer include broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS, paging, establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and the network, security functions including key management, establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of radio bearers, mobility functions, QoS management functions, UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting, NAS message transfer to/from NAS from/to UE.
  • In other words, the RRC layer controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. A radio bearer refers to a logical path provided by L1 (PHY layer) and L2 (MAC/RLC/PDCP/SDAP sublayer) for data transmission between a UE and a network. Setting the radio bearer means defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and the channel for providing a specific service, and setting each specific parameter and operation method. Radio bearer may be divided into signaling RB (SRB) and data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and the DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.
  • An RRC state indicates whether an RRC layer of the UE is logically connected to an RRC layer of the E-UTRAN. In LTE/LTE-A, when the RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED). Otherwise, the UE is in the RRC idle state (RRC_IDLE). In NR, the RRC inactive state (RRC_INACTIVE) is additionally introduced. RRC_INACTIVE may be used for various purposes. For example, the massive machine type communications (MMTC) UEs can be efficiently managed in RRC_INACTIVE. When a specific condition is satisfied, transition is made from one of the above three states to the other.
  • A predetermined operation may be performed according to the RRC state. In RRC_IDLE, public land mobile network (PLMN) selection, broadcast of system information (SI), cell re-selection mobility, core network (CN) paging and discontinuous reception (DRX) configured by NAS may be performed. The UE shall have been allocated an identifier (ID) which uniquely identifies the UE in a tracking area. No RRC context stored in the BS.
  • In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE has an RRC connection with the network (i.e. E-UTRAN/NG-RAN). Network-CN connection (both C/U-planes) is also established for UE. The UE AS context is stored in the network and the UE. The RAN knows the cell which the UE belongs to. The network can transmit and/or receive data to/from UE. Network controlled mobility including measurement is also performed.
  • Most of operations performed in RRC_IDLE may be performed in RRC_INACTIVE. But, instead of CN paging in RRC_IDLE, RAN paging is performed in RRC_INACTIVE. In other words, in RRC_IDLE, paging for mobile terminated (MT) data is initiated by core network and paging area is managed by core network. In RRC_INACTIVE, paging is initiated by NG-RAN, and RAN-based notification area (RNA) is managed by NG-RAN. Further, instead of DRX for CN paging configured by NAS in RRC_IDLE, DRX for RAN paging is configured by NG-RAN in RRC_INACTIVE. Meanwhile, in RRC_INACTIVE, 5GC-NG-RAN connection (both C/U-planes) is established for UE, and the UE AS context is stored in NG-RAN and the UE. NG-RAN knows the RNA which the UE belongs to.
  • NAS layer is located at the top of the RRC layer. The NAS control protocol performs the functions, such as authentication, mobility management, security control.
  • The physical channels may be modulated according to OFDM processing and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources. The physical channels consist of a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in frequency domain. One subframe consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit, and consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of subcarriers. In addition, each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g. first OFDM symbol) of the corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), i.e. L1/L2 control channel. A transmission time interval (TTI) is a basic unit of time used by a scheduler for resource allocation. The TTI may be defined in units of one or a plurality of slots, or may be defined in units of mini-slots.
  • The transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data are transferred over the radio interface. DL transport channels include a broadcast channel (BCH) used for transmitting system information, a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) used for transmitting user traffic or control signals, and a paging channel (PCH) used for paging a UE. UL transport channels include an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control signals and a random access channel (RACH) normally used for initial access to a cell.
  • Different kinds of data transfer services are offered by MAC sublayer. Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is transferred. Logical channels are classified into two groups: control channels and traffic channels.
  • Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information only. The control channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH) and a dedicated control channel (DCCH). The BCCH is a DL channel for broadcasting system control information. The PCCH is DL channel that transfers paging information, system information change notifications. The CCCH is a channel for transmitting control information between UEs and network. This channel is used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network. The DCCH is a point-to-point bi-directional channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network. This channel is used by UEs having an RRC connection.
  • Traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only. The traffic channels include a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH). The DTCH is a point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE, for the transfer of user information. The DTCH can exist in both UL and DL.
  • Regarding mapping between the logical channels and transport channels, in DL, BCCH can be mapped to BCH, BCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH, PCCH can be mapped to PCH, CCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH, DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH, and DTCH can be mapped to DL-SCH. In UL, CCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH, DCCH can be mapped to UL- SCH, and DTCH can be mapped to UL-SCH.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system.
  • The frame structure illustrated in FIG. 7 is purely exemplary and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and/or the number of symbols in a frame may be variously changed. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, an OFDM numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmission time interval (TTI) duration) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells aggregated for one UE. For example, if a UE is configured with different SCSs for cells aggregated for the cell, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g. a subframe, a slot, or a TTI) including the same number of symbols may be different among the aggregated cells. Herein, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).
  • Referring to FIG. 7, downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame has Tf = 10 ms duration. Each frame is divided into two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5 ms duration. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration Tsf per subframe is 1 ms. Each subframe is divided into slots and the number of slots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing. Each slot includes 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix (CP). In a normal CP, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slot includes 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is based on exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing βf = 2u*15 kHz. The following table shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per for the normal CP, according to the subcarrier spacing βf = 2u*15 kHz.
  • u Nslotsymb Nframe,uslot Nsubframe,uslot
    0 14 10 1
    1 14 20 2
    2 14 40 4
    3 14 80 8
    4 14 160 16
  • The following table shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per for the extended CP, according to the subcarrier spacing βf = 2u*15 kHz.
  • u Nslotsymb Nframe,uslot Nsubframe,uslot
    2 12 40 4
  • A slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the time domain. For each numerology (e.g. subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a resource grid of Nsize,ugrid,x*NRBsc subcarriers and Nsubframe,usymb OFDM symbols is defined, starting at common resource block (CRB) Nstart,ugrid indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g. radio resource control (RRC) signaling), where Nsize,ugrid,x is the number of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink. NRBsc is the number of subcarriers per RB. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, NRBsc is 12 generally. There is one resource grid for a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmission direction (DL or UL). The carrier bandwidth Nsize,ugrid for subcarrier spacing configuration u is given by the higher-layer parameter (e.g. RRC parameter). Each element in the resource grid for the antenna port p and the subcarrier spacing configuration u is referred to as a resource element (RE) and one complex symbol may be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index k in the frequency domain and an index l representing a symbol location relative to a reference point in the time domain. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, an RB is defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. In the 3GPP NR system, RBs are classified into CRBs and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configuration u. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configuration u coincides with 'point A' which serves as a common reference point for resource block grids. In the 3GPP NR system, PRBs are defined within a bandwidth part (BWP) and numbered from 0 to NsizeBWP,i-1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. The relation between the physical resource block nPRB in the bandwidth part i and the common resource block nCRB is as follows: nPRB = nCRB + NsizeBWP,i, where NsizeBWP,i is the common resource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. The BWP includes a plurality of consecutive RBs. A carrier may include a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UE can active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE's operating bandwidth within the cell's operating bandwidth. In the present disclosure, the term "cell" may refer to a geographic area to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or refer to radio resources. A "cell" of a geographic area may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a "cell" as radio resources (e.g. time-frequency resources) is associated with bandwidth (BW) which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. The "cell" associated with the radio resources is defined by a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of a downlink (DL) component carrier (CC) and a uplink (UL) CC. The cell may be configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources. Since DL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the valid signal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the "cell" of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term "cell" may be used to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radio resources at other times, or a range that signals using the radio resources can reach with valid strength at other times.
  • In carrier aggregation (CA), two or more CCs are aggregated. A UE may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities. CA is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous CCs. When CA is configured the UE only has one radio resource control (RRC) connection with the network. At RRC connection establishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell provides the non-access stratum (NAS) mobility information, and at RRC connection re-establishment/handover, one serving cell provides the security input. This cell is referred to as the Primary Cell (PCell). The PCell is a cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. Depending on UE capabilities, Secondary Cells (SCells) can be configured to form together with the PCell a set of serving cells. An SCell is a cell providing additional radio resources on top of Special Cell. The configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one or more SCells. For dual connectivity operation, the term Special Cell (SpCell) refers to the PCell of the master cell group (MCG) or the PSCell of the secondary cell group (SCG). An SpCell supports PUCCH transmission and contention-based random access, and is always activated. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a master node, comprising of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells. The SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node, comprising of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configured with dual connectivity (DC). For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA/DC there is only one serving cell comprising of the PCell. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA/DC the term "serving cells" is used to denote the set of cells comprising of the SpCell(s) and all SCells. In DC, two MAC entities are configured in a UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system.
  • In FIG. 8, "RB" denotes a radio bearer, and "H" denotes a header. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: data radio bearers (DRB) for user plane data and signalling radio bearers (SRB) for control plane data. The MAC PDU is transmitted/received using radio resources through the PHY layer to/from an external device. The MAC PDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form of a transport block.
  • In the PHY layer, the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and RACH are mapped to their physical channels PUSCH and PRACH, respectively, and the downlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to PDSCH, PBCH and PDSCH, respectively. In the PHY layer, uplink control information (UCI) is mapped to PUCCH, and downlink control information (DCI) is mapped to PDCCH. A MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted by a UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant, and a MAC PDU related to DL-SCH is transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment.
  • Data unit(s) (e.g. PDCP SDU, PDCP PDU, RLC SDU, RLC PDU, RLC SDU, MAC SDU, MAC CE, MAC PDU) in the present disclosure is(are) transmitted/received on a physical channel (e.g. PDSCH, PUSCH) based on resource allocation (e.g. UL grant, DL assignment). In the present disclosure, uplink resource allocation is also referred to as uplink grant, and downlink resource allocation is also referred to as downlink assignment. The resource allocation includes time domain resource allocation and frequency domain resource allocation. In the present disclosure, an uplink grant is either received by the UE dynamically on PDCCH, in a Random Access Response, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC. In the present disclosure, downlink assignment is either received by the UE dynamically on the PDCCH, or configured to the UE semi-persistently by RRC signalling from the BS.
  • Hereinafter, cell selection and reselection is described.
  • UE shall perform measurements for cell selection and reselection purposes.
  • When evaluating Srxlev and Squal of non-serving cells for reselection evaluation purposes, the UE shall use parameters provided by the serving cell and for the final check on cell selection criterion, the UE shall use parameters provided by the target cell for cell reselection.
  • The NAS can control the RAT(s) in which the cell selection should be performed, for instance by indicating RAT(s) associated with the selected PLMN, and by maintaining a list of forbidden registration area(s) and a list of equivalent PLMNs. The UE shall select a suitable cell based on RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state measurements and cell selection criteria.
  • In order to expedite the cell selection process, stored information for several RATs, if available, may be used by the UE.
  • When camped on a cell, the UE shall regularly search for a better cell according to the cell reselection criteria. If a better cell is found, that cell is selected. The change of cell may imply a change of RAT.
  • The NAS is informed if the cell selection and reselection result in changes in the received system information relevant for NAS.
  • For normal service, the UE shall camp on a suitable cell, monitor control channel(s) of that cell so that the UE can:
  • - receive system information from the PLMN or SNPN; and
  • - receive registration area information from the PLMN or SNPN, e.g., tracking area information; and
  • - receive other AS and NAS Information; and
  • - if registered:
  • - receive paging and notification messages from the PLMN or SNPN; and
  • - initiate transfer to Connected mode.
  • For cell selection in multi-beam operations, measurement quantity of a cell is up to UE implementation.
  • For cell reselection in multi-beam operations, including inter-RAT reselection from E-UTRA to NR, the measurement quantity of this cell is derived amongst the beams corresponding to the same cell based on SS/PBCH block as follows:
  • - if nrofSS-BlocksToAverage (maxRS-IndexCellQual in E-UTRA) is not configured in SIB2/SIB4 (SIB24 in E-UTRA); or
  • - if absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation (threshRS-Index in E-UTRA) is not configured in SIB2/SIB4 (SIB24 in E-UTRA); or
  • - if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below or equal to absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation (threshRS-Index in E-UTRA):
  • - derive a cell measurement quantity as the highest beam measurement quantity value;
  • - else:
  • - derive a cell measurement quantity as the linear average of the power values of up to nrofSS-BlocksToAverage (maxRS-IndexCellQual in E-UTRA) of highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation (threshRS-Index in E-UTRA).
  • Hereinafter, cell selection process is described.
  • Cell selection is performed by one of the following two procedures:
  • a) Initial cell selection (no prior knowledge of which RF channels are NR frequencies):
  • 1. The UE shall scan all RF channels in the NR bands according to its capabilities to find a suitable cell.
  • 2. On each frequency, the UE need only search for the strongest cell, except for operation with shared spectrum channel access where the UE may search for the next strongest cell(s).
  • 3. Once a suitable cell is found, this cell shall be selected.
  • b) Cell selection by leveraging stored information:
  • 1. This procedure requires stored information of frequencies and optionally also information on cell parameters from previously received measurement control information elements or from previously detected cells.
  • 2. Once the UE has found a suitable cell, the UE shall select it.
  • 3. If no suitable cell is found, the initial cell selection procedure in a) shall be started.
  • Priorities between different frequencies or RATs provided to the UE by system information or dedicated signalling are not used in the cell selection process.
  • The cell selection criterion S may be fulfilled when Srxlev > 0 and Squal > 0. The Srxlev equals to {Qrxlevmeas-(Qrxlevmin+Qrxlevminoffset)-Pcompensation-Qoffsettemp}. The Squal equals to {Qqualmeas-(Qqualmin+Qqualminoffset)-Qoffsettemp}. Parameters may be defined as the following table:
  • Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB)
    Squal Cell selection quality value (dB)
    Qoffsettemp Offset temporarily applied to a cell
    Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP)
    Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value (RSRQ)
    Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm). If the UE supports SUL frequency for this cell, Qrxlevmin is obtained from q-RxLevMinSUL, if present, in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4, additionally, if QrxlevminoffsetcellSUL is present in SIB3 and SIB4 for the concerned cell, this cell specific offset is added to the corresponding Qrxlevmin to achieve the required minimum RX level in the concerned cell;
    else Qrxlevmin is obtained from q-RxLevMin in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4, additionally, if Qrxlevminoffsetcell is present in SIB3 and SIB4 for the concerned cell, this cell specific offset is added to the corresponding Qrxlevmin to achieve the required minimum RX level in the concerned cell.
    Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB). Additionally, if Qqualminoffsetcell is signalled for the concerned cell, this cell specific offset is added to achieve the required minimum quality level in the concerned cell.
    Qrxlevminoffset Offset to the signalled Qrxlevmin taken into account in the Srxlev evaluation as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while camped normally in a VPLMN
    Qqualminoffset Offset to the signalled Qqualmin taken into account in the Squal evaluation as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while camped normally in a VPLMN
    Pcompensation For FR1, if the UE supports the additionalPmax in the NR-NS-PmaxList, if present, in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4:
    max(PEMAX1 -PPowerClass, 0) - (min(PEMAX2, PPowerClass) - min(PEMAX1, PPowerClass)) (dB);
    else:
    max(PEMAX1 -PPowerClass, 0) (dB)

    For FR2, Pcompensation is set to 0.
    PEMAX1, PEMAX2 Maximum TX power level of a UE may use when transmitting on the uplink in the cell (dBm) defined as PEMAX. If UE supports SUL frequency for this cell, PEMAX1 and PEMAX2 are obtained from the p-Max for SUL in SIB1 and NR-NS-PmaxList for SUL respectively in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4, else PEMAX1 and PEMAX2 are obtained from the p-Max and NR-NS-PmaxList respectively in SIB1, SIB2 and SIB4 for normal UL.
    PPowerClass Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm) according to the UE power class.
  • The signalled values Qrxlevminoffset and Qqualminoffset are only applied when a cell is evaluated for cell selection as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while camped normally in a VPLMN. During this periodic search　for higher priority PLMN, the UE may check the S criteria　of a cell using parameter values stored from a different cell of this higher priority PLMN.Hereinafter, cell reselection evaluation process is described.Absolute priorities of different NR frequencies or inter-RAT frequencies may be provided to the UE in the system information, in the RRCRelease message, or by inheriting from another RAT at inter-RAT cell (re)selection. In the case of system information, an NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency may be listed without providing a dedicated priority (i.e. the field cellReselectionPriority is absent for that frequency). If dedicated priorities (e.g., the field cellReselectionPriority and/or cellReselectionPriorities) are provided in dedicated signalling (e.g., RRCRelease message), the UE shall ignore all the priorities provided in system information. If UE is in camped on any cell state, UE shall only apply the priorities provided by system information from current cell, and the UE preserves dedicated priorities provided by dedicated signalling and deprioritisationReq received in RRCRelease unless specified otherwise. When the UE in camped normally state, has only dedicated priorities other than for the current frequency, the UE shall consider the current frequency to be the lowest priority frequency (i.e. lower than any of the network configured values). If the UE is configured to perform both NR sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication, the UE may consider the frequency providing both NR sidelink communication configuration and V2X sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority. If the UE is configured to perform NR sidelink communication and not perform V2X communication, the UE may consider the frequency providing NR sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority. If the UE is configured to perform V2X sidelink communication and not perform NR sidelink communication, the UE may consider the frequency providing V2X sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority.
  • The frequency only providing the anchor frequency configuration should not be prioritized for V2X service during cell reselection.
  • When UE　is configured to perform NR sidelink communication or V2X sidelink communication　performs cell reselection,　it may consider　the frequencies providing the intra-carrier and inter-carrier configuration　have equal priority　in cell reselection.
  • The prioritization among the frequencies which UE considers to be the highest priority frequency is left to UE implementation.
  • The UE is configured to perform V2X sidelink communication or NR sidelink communication, if it has the capability and is authorized for the corresponding sidelink operation.
  • When UE is configured to perform both NR sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication, but cannot find a frequency which can provide both NR sidelink communication configuration and V2X sidelink communication configuration, UE may consider the frequency providing either NR sidelink communication configuration or V2X sidelink communication configuration to be the highest priority.
  • The UE shall only perform cell reselection evaluation for NR frequencies and inter-RAT frequencies that are given in system information and for which the UE has a priority provided.
  • In case UE receives RRCRelease with deprioritisationReq, UE shall consider current frequency and stored frequencies due to the previously received RRCRelease with deprioritisationReq or all the frequencies of NR to be the lowest priority frequency (i.e. lower than any of the network configured values) while T325 is running irrespective of camped RAT. The UE shall delete the stored deprioritisation request(s) when a PLMN selection or SNPN selection is performed on request by NAS.
  • UE should search for a higher priority layer for cell reselection as soon as possible after the change of priority. The minimum related performance requirements are still applicable.
  • The UE shall delete dedicated priorities provided by dedicated signalling when:
  • - the UE enters a different RRC state; or
  • - the optional validity time of dedicated priorities (i.e., T320) expires; or
  • - the UE receives an RRCRelease message with the field cellReselectionPriorities absent; or
  • - a PLMN selection or SNPN selection is performed on request by NAS.
  • The UE shall not consider any black listed cells as candidate for cell reselection.
  • The UE shall consider only the white listed cells, if configured, as candidates for cell reselection.
  • The UE in RRC_IDLE state shall inherit the dedicated priorities provided by dedicated signalling and the remaining validity time (i.e. T320 in NR and E-UTRA), if configured, at inter-RAT cell (re)selection.
  • The network may assign dedicated cell reselection priorities for frequencies not configured by system information.
  • Following rules are used by the UE to limit needed measurements:
  • - If the serving cell fulfils Srxlev > SIntraSearchP and Squal > SIntraSearchQ, the UE may choose not to perform intra-frequency measurements.
  • - Otherwise, the UE shall perform intra-frequency measurements.
  • - The UE shall apply the following rules for NR inter-frequencies and inter-RAT frequencies which are indicated in system information and for which the UE has priority provided.
  • - For a NR inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequency with a reselection priority higher than the reselection priority of the current NR frequency, the UE shall perform measurements of higher priority NR inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequencies.
  • - For a NR inter-frequency with an equal or lower reselection priority than the reselection priority of the current NR frequency and for inter-RAT frequency with lower reselection priority than the reselection priority of the current NR frequency:
  • - If the serving cell fulfils Srxlev > SnonIntraSearchP and Squal > SnonIntraSearchQ, the UE may choose not to perform measurements of NR inter-frequencies or inter-RAT frequency cells of equal or lower priority;
  • - Otherwise, the UE shall perform measurements of NR inter-frequencies or inter-RAT frequency cells of equal or lower priority.
  • - If the UE supports relaxed measurement and relaxedMeasurement is present in SIB2, the UE may further relax the needed measurements.
  • If threshServingLowQ is broadcast in system information and more than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell, cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • - A cell of a higher priority NR or EUTRAN RAT/frequency fulfils Squal > ThreshX, HighQ during a time interval TreselectionRAT
  • Otherwise, cell reselection to a cell on a higher priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • - A cell of a higher priority RAT/ frequency fulfils Srxlev > ThreshX, HighP during a time interval TreselectionRAT; and
  • - More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.
  • Cell reselection to a cell on an equal priority NR frequency shall be based on ranking for intra-frequency cell reselection.
  • If threshServingLowQ is broadcast in system information and more than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell, cell reselection to a cell on a lower priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • - The serving cell fulfils Squal < ThreshServing, LowQ and a cell of a lower priority NR or E-UTRAN RAT/ frequency fulfils Squal > ThreshX, LowQ during a time interval TreselectionRAT.
  • Otherwise, cell reselection to a cell on a lower priority NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency than the serving frequency shall be performed if:
  • - The serving cell fulfils Srxlev < ThreshServing, LowP and a cell of a lower priority RAT/ frequency fulfils Srxlev > ThreshX, LowP during a time interval TreselectionRAT; and
  • - More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.
  • Cell reselection to a higher priority RAT/frequency shall take precedence over a lower priority RAT/frequency if multiple cells of different priorities fulfil the cell reselection criteria.
  • If more than one cell meets the above criteria, the UE shall reselect a cell as follows:
  • - If the highest-priority frequency is an NR frequency, the highest ranked cell among the cells on the highest priority frequency(ies) meeting the criteria.
  • - If the highest-priority frequency is from another RAT, the strongest cell among the cells on the highest priority frequency(ies) meeting the criteria of that RAT.
  • The cell-ranking criterion Rs for serving cell is defined by Qmeas,s +Qhyst - Qoffsettemp. The cell-ranking criterion Rn for neighbouring cell is defined by Qmeas,n -Qoffset - Qoffsettemp. Parameters are defined as the following table:
  • Qmeas RSRP measurement quantity used in cell reselections.
    Qoffset For intra-frequency: Equals to Qoffsets,n, if Qoffsets,n is valid, otherwise this equals to zero.For inter-frequency: Equals to Qoffsets,n plus Qoffsetfrequency, if Qoffsets,n is valid, otherwise this equals to Qoffsetfrequency.
    Qoffsettemp Offset temporarily applied to a cell.
  • The UE shall perform ranking of all cells that fulfil the cell selection criterion S.The cells shall be ranked according to the R criteria specified above by deriving Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and calculating the R values using averaged RSRP results.If rangeToBestCell is not configured, the UE shall perform cell reselection to the highest ranked cell.
  • If rangeToBestCell is configured, then the UE shall perform cell reselection to the cell with the highest number of beams above the threshold (i.e. absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation) among the cells whose R value is within rangeToBestCell of the R value of the highest ranked cell. If there are multiple such cells, the UE shall perform cell reselection to the highest ranked cell among them.
  • In all cases, the UE shall reselect the new cell, only if the following conditions are met:
  • - the new cell is better than the serving cell according to the cell reselection criteria specified above during a time interval TreselectionRAT;
  • - more than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.
  • If rangeToBestCell is configured but absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation is not configured on an NR frequency, the UE considers that there is one beam above the threshold for each cell on that frequency.
  • More parameters are defined in section 5.2.4.7 of 3GPP TS 38.304 V16.0.0.
  • Hereinafter, network slicing is described.
  • Network slicing enables the operator to create networks customized to provide optimized solutions for different market scenarios which demands diverse requirements, e.g. in the areas of functionality, performance and isolation. A network slice is composed of all the network functions (NFs) that are required to provide the required telecommunication services and network capabilities, and the resources to run these NFs.
  • NF refers to processing functions in a network. This includes but is not limited to telecom nodes functionality, as well as switching functions e.g. Ethernet switching function, IP routing functions. That is, NF has defined functional behavior and interfaces. An NF can be implemented either as a network element on a dedicated hardware, or as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g. on a cloud infrastructure. Virtual NF (VNF) is a virtualized version of a NF.
  • Network slicing concept consists of 3 layers: 1) service instance layer, 2) network slice instance layer, and 3) resource layer.
  • The service instance layer represents the services (end-user service or business services) which are to be supported. Each service is represented by a service instance. The service instance is an instance of an end-user service or a business service that is realized within or by a network slice. Typically services can be provided by the network operator or by 3rd parties. In line with this, a service instance can either represent an operator service or a 3rd party provided service.
  • A network operator uses a network slice blueprint to create a network slice instance. A network slice instance provides the network characteristics which are required by a service instance. A network slice instance is a set of NFs, and resources to run these NFs, forming a complete instantiated logical network to meet certain network characteristics required by the service instance(s):
  • - A network slice instance may be fully or partly, logically and/or physically, isolated from another network slice instance.
  • - The resources comprises of physical and logical resources.
  • - A network slice instance may be composed of sub-network instances, which as a special case may be shared by multiple network slice instances. The network slice instance is defined by a network slice blueprint.
  • - Instance-specific policies and configurations are required when creating a network slice instance.
  • - Network characteristics examples are ultra-low-latency, ultra-reliability etc.
  • A network slice instance may also be shared across multiple service instances provided by the network operator.
  • A network slice blueprint is a complete description of the structure, configuration and the plans/work flows for how to instantiate and control the network slice instance during its life cycle. A network slice blueprint enables the instantiation of a network slice, which provides certain network characteristics (e.g. ultra-low latency, ultra-reliability, value-added services for enterprises, etc.). A network slice blueprint refers to required physical and logical resources and/or to sub-network blueprint(s).
  • The network slice instance may be composed by none, one or more sub-network instances, which may be shared by another network slice instance. Similarly, the sub-network blueprint is used to create a sub-network instance to form a set of NFs, which run on the physical/logical resources. A sub-network instance comprises of a set of NFs and the resources for these NFs:
  • - The sub-network instance is defined by a sub-network blueprint.
  • - A sub-network instance is not required to form a complete logical network.
  • - A sub-network instance may be shared by two or more network slices.
  • - The resources comprises of physical and logical resources.
  • The sub-network blueprint is a description of the structure (and contained components) and configuration of the sub-network instances and the plans/work flows for how to instantiate it. A sub-network blueprint refers to physical and logical resources and may refer to other sub-network blueprints.
  • Physical resource is a physical asset for computation, storage or transport including radio access. NFs are not regarded as resources.
  • Logical resource is partition of a physical resource, or grouping of multiple physical resources dedicated to a NF or shared between a set of NFs.
  • As one solution for network slicing, to enable a UE to simultaneously obtain services from multiple network slices of one network operator, a single set of C-Plane functions that are in common among core network instances is shared across multiple core network instances. Further, other C-Plane functions that are not in common reside in their respective core network instances, and are not shared with other core network instances.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of sharing a set of common C-plane functions among multiples core network instances. The principles of the solution shown in FIG. 9 are as follows:
  • - A core network instance (i.e., network slice) consists of a single set of C-Plane functions and a single set of U-Plane functions.
  • - A core network instance is dedicated for the UEs that are belonging to the same UE type. Identifying the UE type is done by using a specific parameter, e.g. the UE usage type, and/or an information from the UE's subscription.
  • - A set of C-Plane functions is responsible, for example, for supporting UE mobility if demanded or for admitting the UE into the network by performing authentication and subscription verification.
  • - All C-Plane functions that are common to multiple core network instances, are not necessary to be created multiple times.
  • - Other C-Plane functions that are not in common with other core network instances are only used by its own core network instance.
  • - A set of U-Plane functions in a core network instance is responsible for providing a specific service to the UE and for transports the U-Plane data of the specific service. For example, one set of U-Plane functions in core network instance #1 provides an enhanced mobile broadband service to the UE, whereas another set of U-Plane functions in core network instance #2 provides a critical communication service to the UE.
  • - Each UE can have multiple U-Plane connections to different sets of U-Plane function that are available at different core network instances simultaneously.
  • - The network slice selection function (NSSF) is responsible for selecting which core network instance to accommodate the UE by taking into account the UE's subscription and the specific parameter, e.g. the UE usage type.
  • - The C-Plane selection function (CPSF) is responsible for selecting which C-Plane functions within the selected core network instance that the base station should communicate with. This selection of C-Plane functions is done by using the specific parameter, e.g. UE usage type.
  • Meanwhile, UE may be configured with dedicated reselection information. The dedicated reselection information may comprise one or more dedicated priorities (e.g., cellReselectionPriorities and/or cellReselectionPriority) and may be received via a dedicated signalling such as RRC release message. The dedicated reselection information may further comprise extra priority values that are conditionally applicable. For example, the dedicated reselection information may comprise slice-specific priority information, and the extra priority of a frequency may only be applicable when the frequency supports a slice that is preferred or desired by the UE.
  • The dedicated reselection priority and/or dedicated priority always overrides the priority broadcast by the cell (i.e., common/broadcast priority received via a common/broadcast signalling such as system information). In general, overriding the broadcast priority by dedicated priority may not cause any problem, since dedicated priority values may be fully controlled by network, i.e., network may have a tight control on the frequencies to be prioritized by UE, and a statistical controllability on UEs' camping frequencies. However, if extra priority values (e.g., slice-specific priority values for a frequency that may be applicable when the frequency supports a slice that is preferred or desired by the UE) are used for a cell reselection, network may lose such a tight controllability. This is because the extra priority value may become applicable based on UE-sided information (such as UE's preference/intention) and the UE's preference/intention may not be fully known to network. To increase the controllability of network on UEs' camping frequencies, it may be desirable if each cell can control whether such UE-sided information based reselection is applicable or not.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a method performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method illustrated in FIG. 10 may also be performed by a wireless device.
  • Referring to FIG. 10, in step S1001, the UE may receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency.
  • In step S1003, the UE may receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection. The second cell may be different from the first cell, or the same as the first cell.
  • In step S1005, the UE may determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information.
  • In step S1007, the UE may perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • According to various embodiments, the UE may receive, from a network, slice information informing one or more slices supported by the frequency. The one or more slices may comprise the slice. The slice information may comprise a slice identifier (ID) of the slice. The network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • According to various embodiments, the UE may receive, from a network, a configuration for a list of frequencies including the frequency. The priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection and does not inform whether to apply the second priority value to one or more other frequencies in the list of frequencies for the cell reselection. The network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • According to various embodiments, the UE may receive, from a network, a configuration for a list of frequencies including the frequency. The priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to all frequencies in the list of frequencies for the cell reselection. The network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • According to various embodiments, the priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the slice and does not inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for one or more other slices supported by the frequency.
  • According to various embodiments, the UE may determine the first priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the first priority value to the frequency, or ii) the slice is not preferred by the UE.
  • According to various embodiments, the UE may determine the second priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the second priority value to the frequency, and ii) the slice is preferred by the UE.
  • According to various embodiments, the priority value to apply to the frequency may be determined as being highest among a list of frequencies configured by a network based on that the slice is preferred by the UE. The network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • According to various embodiments, the UE may determine a highest priority frequency in a list of frequencies configured by a network based on comparing the priority value for the frequency with a priority value for at least one frequency in the list of frequencies. The UE may perform the cell reselection to a highest ranked cell on the highest priority frequency. The network may comprise at least one of the first cell or the second cell.
  • According to various embodiments, the UE may be configured with dedicated priority/reselection information for a list of frequencies. The dedicated priority/reselection information may include a first priority value for each frequency. The dedicated priority/reselection information may include at least one second priority value related to one or more slices. The UE may camp on a cell that possibly broadcasts an indication. The UE may determine a reselection priority of each frequency based on the indication. The UE may determine that the reselection priority is the first priority value if a status of the indication corresponds to a first status value. The UE may determine that the reselection priority is the second priority value if a status of the indication corresponds to a second status value. The UE may reselect a highest ranked cell on a frequency of the highest priority value.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a method for controlling cell reselection priority overriding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a UE and/or a wireless device.
  • Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1101, the UE may receive a configuration comprising dedicated priority information (or, dedicated reselection information) for a list of frequencies. The UE may be configured with dedicated priority for a list of frequencies.
  • The dedicated priority information may include a first priority value (e.g., cellReselectionPriority) for each frequency.
  • The dedicated priority information may include at least one second priority value. The second priority value may be associated with at least one slice (or, slice ID). The dedicated priority information may indicate a second priority value (or, second priority value set) per slice or per set of slices. The dedicated priority information may indicate a second priority value (or, second priority value set) and associated slice ID(s) per frequency. The second priority value may be a slice-specific priority value for a frequency that may be applicable when the frequency supports a slice that is preferred or desired by the UE.
  • In step S1103, the UE may receive, from a cell, indication(s) (e.g., priority control information) to control whether the UE is allowed to apply the second priority value for a cell reselection. The indication(s) may be broadcast by the cell.
  • By referring to the indication(s), the UE may determine whether the second priority value may be applicable for cell reselection.
  • Preferably, the indication(s) may be provided in a broadcast manner (e.g., broadcast/common signalling such as system information) and/or a dedicated signalling.
  • The indication(s) may be provided per frequency or per cell.
  • In some implementations, a cell may indicate whether the UE is allowed to apply the second priority value for each frequency, if applicable.
  • For example, the cell may transmit the following information as illustrated in table 7 via a dedicated signalling and/or a broadcast signalling (e.g., system information such as system information block type 4 (SIB4)).
  • o List of 'InterFreqCarrierFreqInfo's
    o InterFreqCarrierFreqInfo IE <== per-frequency cell reselection information
    § dl-CarrierFreq
    § …
    § cellReselectionPriority　　 <== first priority value
    § cellReselectionSubPriority <==　 first sub priority value
    § …
    § List of 'supportedSliceInfo's
    o supportedSliceInfo IE
    § slice ID
    § cellReselectionPriority2　　 <==slice-specific priority value/second priority value
    § dedicatedReselectionPriority2NotAllowed (i.e., indication(s)/priority control information)
    · if present, UE considers that the dedicated second priority value associated with the slice (indicated by the slice ID) for this frequency (indicated by dl-CarrierFreq) is not applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the first priority value for this frequency for cell reselection.
    · If absent, UE considers that the dedicated second priority value associated with the slice (indicated by the slice ID) for this frequency (indicated by dl-CarrierFreq) is applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the second priority value for this frequency for cell reselection if the frequency supports UE's preferred/intended slice.
  • For another example, the cell may transmit the following information as illustrated in table 8 via a dedicated signalling and/or a broadcast signalling (e.g., system information such as system information block type 4 (SIB4)).
  • o List of 'InterFreqCarrierFreqInfo's
    o InterFreqCarrierFreqInfo IE <== per-frequency cell reselection information
    § dl-CarrierFreq
    § …
    § cellReselectionPriority　　 <== first priority value
    § cellReselectionSubPriority <==　 first sub priority value
    § …
    § List of 'supportedSliceInfo's
    o supportedSliceInfo IE
    o slice ID
    o cellReselectionPriority2　　 <==slice-specific priority value/second priority value
    o dedicatedReselectionPriority2Allowed (i.e., indication(s)/priority control information)
    if present, UE considers that the dedicated second priority value associated with the slice (indicated by the slice ID) for this frequency (indicated by dl-CarrierFreq) may be applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the second priority value for this frequency for cell reselection if the frequency supports UE's preferred/intended slice.
    If absent,　UE considers that the dedicated second priority value associated with the slice (indicated by the slice ID) for this frequency (indicated by dl-CarrierFreq) is not applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the first priority value for this frequency for cell reselection.
  • In some implementations, a cell may indicate whether the UE is allowed to apply the second priority value to any frequency for which the second priority value is configured. The cell may transmit the following information as illustrated in table 9 via a dedicated signalling and/or a broadcast signalling (e.g., system information such as system information block type 1 (SIB1)).
  • o …
    o dedicatedReselectionPriority2NotAllowed　　 <== if present, UE considers that any dedicated second priority value is not applicable while camping on the current serving cell, i.e., applies the first priority value for all frequencies for cell reselection.
  • The dedicated second priority value can be configured via a dedicated message (e.g., RRC release message). The dedicated message/RRC release message may comprise information elements as illustrated in table 10:
  • o …
    o cellReselectionPriorities
    § ..
    § frequencyPriorityListNR
    · List of the following entries
    · carrierFreq
    · cellReselectionPriority
    · cellReselectionSubPriority
    § sliceSpecificPriorityListNR
    · List of the following entries
    · sliceID
    · cellReselectionPriority　　　　　　 <== second priority value
    · cellReselectionSubPriority　 <== second sub priority value
  • While the UE with desired/intended slice(s) is camping on a cell, the UE may perform a cell reselection as in steps S1105 and S1107.In step S1105, the UE may determine a frequency priority value of that frequency.For example, if the frequency supports the desired slice and if the second priority value is available for the frequency and if the second priority value is applicable for the frequency as determined by referring to the indication(s), the UE may consider the second priority value associated with the desired slice for that frequency as the frequency priority value of that frequency.
  • For another example, if the frequency supports the desired slice and if the second priority value is available for the frequency, but if the second priority value is not applicable for the frequency as determined by referring to the indication(s), the UE may consider the first priority value of the frequency as the frequency priority value of that frequency.
  • For another example, if the concerned frequency supports a slice that is preferred/intended by UE and if the serving cell does not broadcast/transmit extra frequency priority value (i.e., second priority value) associated with the slice, the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is a predefined value (desirably highest priority).
  • In some implementations, network may configure UE with indication(s) via dedicated signalling. In this case, the indication(s) may control whether the UE is allowed to apply slice-specific priority information broadcast by a camping cell.
  • For example, the indication can be per-UE indication. If UE receives an indication corresponding to a status (e.g., set to true or being present), the UE may consider that a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is applicable. If UE receives an indication corresponding to another status (e.g., set to false or being absent), UE may consider the slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is not applicable, i.e., only consider legacy priority information and/or first priority value.
  • For another example, the indication can be per-frequency indication. If UE receives an indication corresponding to a status (e.g., set to true or being present) for a frequency, UE may consider a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is applicable for the frequency. If UE receives an indication corresponding to another status (e.g., set to false or being absent) for a frequency, UE may consider a slice-specific priority value broadcast in a camping cell is not applicable for the frequency, i.e., only consider legacy priority information (e.g., first priority value) for the frequency.
  • In some implementations, the UE may determine a cell reselection priority value for a concerned frequency as follows:
  • 1> If the UE is not configured with dedicated reselection information:
  • 2> If the concerned frequency supports a slice that is preferred/intended by UE and if the serving cell broadcasts extra frequency priority value associated with the slice:
  • 3> the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is the slice-associated frequency priority.
  • 2> If the concerned frequency supports a slice that is preferred/intended by UE and if the serving cell does not broadcast extra frequency priority value associated with the slice:
  • 3> the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is a predefined value (desirably highest priority value).
  • 1> If the UE has been configured with dedicated reselection information comprising information indicating slices supported by each frequency and/or information on a slice-specific priority value:
  • 2> If the concerned frequency supports a slice that is preferred/intended by UE and if the dedicated priority/reselection information includes extra frequency priority value associated with the slice:
  • 3> the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is the slice-associated frequency priority value.
  • 2> If the concerned frequency supports a slice that is preferred/intended by UE and if the dedicated priority/reselection information does not include extra frequency priority value associated with the slice:
  • 3> the UE may consider that a priority value of the frequency is a predefined value (desirably highest priority value).
  • In step S1107, the UE may perform a cell reselection by using the determined frequency priority value, i.e., select a highest ranked cell of a frequency with a highest frequency priority value.
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to control whether the UE is allowed to override a common priority by a dedicated priority (the dedicated priority may not necessarily be a slice-specific priority). The control can be applied per cell (i.e., all frequencies broadcast by the cell for which dedicated priority is provided) or per frequency (i.e., by per-frequency indication).
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to control whether the UE is allowed to apply highest priority for a certain frequency that is preferred by UE to get the intended services. For example, the UE may be by default allowed to consider the frequency to have the highest reselection priority if the frequency supports the desired MBMS services or desired sidelink (or V2X) services. However, if a priority for a frequency is indicated in a system information in a cell, the UE in the cell cannot apply the highest priority for the frequency.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a method performed by a BS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Referring to FIG. 12, the BS may transmit, to a UE, one or more SS/PBCH blocks.
  • In step S1203, the BS may perform a random access procedure with the UE.
  • In step S1205, the BS may transmit, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value.
  • The first priority value may be applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency. The priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  • The BS in FIG. 12 may be an example of a second device 220 in FIG. 2, and therefore, steps of the BS as illustrated in FIG. 12 may be implemented by the second device 220. For example, the processor 221 may be configured to control the transceiver 223 to transmit, to a UE, one or more SS/PBCH blocks. The processor 221 may be configured to perform a random access procedure with the UE. The processor 221 may be configured to control the transceiver 223 to transmit, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value. The first priority value may be applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency. The priority control information may inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  • FIG. 13 shows a UE to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure. The present disclosure described above for UE side may be applied to this embodiment. The UE in FIG. 13 may be an example of first device 210 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • A UE includes a processor 1310 (i.e., processor 211), a power management module 1311, a battery 1312, a display 1313, a keypad 1314, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card 1315, a memory 1320 (i.e., memory 212), a transceiver 1330 (i.e., transceiver 213), one or more antennas 1331, a speaker 1340, and a microphone 1341.
  • The processor 1310 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and/or methods described in this description. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 1310. The processor 1310 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and/or data processing device. The processor 1310 may be an application processor (AP). The processor 1310 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor 1310 may be found in SNAPDRAGONTM series of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOSTM series of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIOTM series of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOMTM series of processors made by Intel® or a corresponding next generation processor.
  • The processor 1310 may be configured to, or configured to control the transceiver 1330 to implement steps performed by the UE and/or the wireless device throughout the disclosure.
  • The power management module 1311 manages power for the processor 1310 and/or the transceiver 1330. The battery 1312 supplies power to the power management module 1311. The display 1313 outputs results processed by the processor 1310. The keypad 1314 receives inputs to be used by the processor 1310. The keypad 1314 may be shown on the display 1313. The SIM card 1315 is an　integrated circuit　that is intended to　securely store the　international mobile subscriber identity　(IMSI) number and its related　key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on　mobile telephony　devices (such as　mobile phones　and　computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.
  • The memory 1320 is operatively coupled with the processor 1310 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 1310. The memory 1320 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/or other storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 1320 and executed by the processor 1310. The memory 1320 can be implemented within the processor 1310 or external to the processor 1310 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 1310 via various means as is known in the art.
  • The transceiver 1330 is operatively coupled with the processor 1310, and transmits and/or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 1330 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1330 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 1330 controls the one or more antennas 1331 to transmit and/or receive a radio signal.
  • The speaker 1340 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 1310. The microphone 1341 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 1310.
  • According to various embodiments, the processor 1310 may be configured to, or configured to control the transceiver 1330 to implement steps performed by the UE and/or the wireless device throughout the disclosure. For example, the processor 1310 may be configured to control the transceiver 1330 to receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency. The processor 1310 may be configured to control the transceiver 1330 to receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection. The processor 1310 may be configured to determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information. The processor 1310 may be configured to perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • FIG. 14 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • Referring to FIG. 14, the wireless communication system may include a first device 1410 (i.e., first device 210) and a second device 1420 (i.e., second device 220).
  • The first device 1410 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 1411, and at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 1412. The processing chip 1412 may include at least one processor, such a processor 1413, and at least one memory, such as a memory 1414. The memory may be operably connectable to the processor 1413. The memory 1414 may store various types of information and/or instructions. The memory 1414 may store a software code 1415 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 1413, perform operations of the first device 910 described throughout the disclosure. For example, the software code 1415 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 1413, perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the first device 1410 described throughout the disclosure. For example, the software code 1415 may control the processor 1413 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code 1415 may control the processor 1413 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.
  • The second device 1420 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 1421, and at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 1422. The processing chip 1422 may include at least one processor, such a processor 1423, and at least one memory, such as a memory 1424. The memory may be operably connectable to the processor 1423. The memory 1424 may store various types of information and/or instructions. The memory 1424 may store a software code 1425 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 1423, perform operations of the second device 1420 described throughout the disclosure. For example, the software code 1425 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 1423, perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the second device 1420 described throughout the disclosure. For example, the software code 1425 may control the processor 1423 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code 1425 may control the processor 1423 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.
  • According to various embodiments, the first device 1410 as illustrated in FIG. 14 may comprise a UE. The UE may comprise a transceiver 1411, a processing chip 1412. The processing chip 1412 may comprise a processor 1413, and a memory 1414. The memory 1414 may be operably connectable to the processor 1413. The memory 1414 may store various types of information and/or instructions. The memory 1414 may store a software code 1415 which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 1413, perform operations comprising: receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • According to various embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions is provided. The plurality of instructions, when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), may cause the UE to: receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency; receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection; determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  • The present disclosure may be applied to various future technologies, such as AI, robots, autonomous-driving/self-driving vehicles, and/or extended reality (XR).
  • <AI>
  • AI refers to artificial intelligence and/or the field of studying methodology for making it. Machine learning is a field of studying methodologies that define and solve various problems dealt with in AI. Machine learning may be defined as an algorithm that enhances the performance of a task through a steady experience with any task.
  • An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning. It can mean a whole model of problem-solving ability, consisting of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network of synapses. An ANN can be defined by a connection pattern between neurons in different layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and/or an activation function for generating an output value. An ANN may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer may contain one or more neurons, and an ANN may include a synapse that links neurons to neurons. In an ANN, each neuron can output a summation of the activation function for input signals, weights, and deflections input through the synapse. Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, including deflection of neurons and/or weights of synaptic connections. The hyper-parameter means a parameter to be set in the machine learning algorithm before learning, and includes a learning rate, a repetition number, a mini batch size, an initialization function, etc. The objective of the ANN learning can be seen as determining the model parameters that minimize the loss function. The loss function can be used as an index to determine optimal model parameters in learning process of ANN.
  • Machine learning can be divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, depending on the learning method. Supervised learning is a method of learning ANN with labels given to learning data. Labels are the answers (or result values) that ANN must infer when learning data is input to ANN. Unsupervised learning can mean a method of learning ANN without labels given to learning data. Reinforcement learning can mean a learning method in which an agent defined in an environment learns to select a behavior and/or sequence of actions that maximizes cumulative compensation in each state.
  • Machine learning, which is implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) that includes multiple hidden layers among ANN, is also called deep learning. Deep learning is part of machine learning. In the following, machine learning is used to mean deep learning.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of an AI device to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • The AI device 1500 may be implemented as a stationary device or a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a desktop computer, a notebook, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA, a PMP, a navigation device, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) receiver, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc.
  • Referring to FIG. 15, the AI device 1500 may include a communication part 1510, an input part 1560, a learning processor 1530, a sensing part 1540, an output part 1550, a memory 1560, and a processor 1570.
  • The communication part 1510 can transmit and/or receive data to and/or from external devices such as the AI devices and the AI server using wire and/or wireless communication technology. For example, the communication part 1510 can transmit and/or receive sensor information, a user input, a learning model, and a control signal with external devices. The communication technology used by the communication part 1510 may include a global system for mobile communication (GSM), a code division multiple access (CDMA), an LTE/LTE-A, a 5G, a WLAN, a Wi-Fi, BluetoothTM, radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared data association (IrDA), ZigBee, and/or near field communication (NFC).
  • The input part 1560 can acquire various kinds of data. The input part 1560 may include a camera for inputting a video signal, a microphone for receiving an audio signal, and a user input part for receiving information from a user. A camera and/or a microphone may be treated as a sensor, and a signal obtained from a camera and/or a microphone may be referred to as sensing data and/or sensor information. The input part 1560 can acquire input data to be used when acquiring an output using learning data and a learning model for model learning. The input part 1560 may obtain raw input data, in which case the processor 1570 or the learning processor 1530 may extract input features by preprocessing the input data.
  • The learning processor 1530 may learn a model composed of an ANN using learning data. The learned ANN can be referred to as a learning model. The learning model can be used to infer result values for new input data rather than learning data, and the inferred values can be used as a basis for determining which actions to perform. The learning processor 1530 may perform AI processing together with the learning processor of the AI server. The learning processor 1530 may include a memory integrated and/or implemented in the AI device 1500. Alternatively, the learning processor 1530 may be implemented using the memory 1560, an external memory directly coupled to the AI device 1500, and/or a memory maintained in an external device.
  • The sensing part 1540 may acquire at least one of internal information of the AI device 1500, environment information of the AI device 1500, and/or the user information using various sensors. The sensors included in the sensing part 1540 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR), and/or a radar.
  • The output part 1550 may generate an output related to visual, auditory, tactile, etc. The output part 1550 may include a display unit for outputting visual information, a speaker for outputting auditory information, and/or a haptic module for outputting tactile information.
  • The memory 1560 may store data that supports various functions of the AI device 1500. For example, the memory 1560 may store input data acquired by the input part 1560, learning data, a learning model, a learning history, etc.
  • The processor 1570 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 1500 based on information determined and/or generated using a data analysis algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm. The processor 1570 may then control the components of the AI device 1500 to perform the determined operation. The processor 1570 may request, retrieve, receive, and/or utilize data in the learning processor 1530 and/or the memory 1560, and may control the components of the AI device 1500 to execute the predicted operation and/or the operation determined to be desirable among the at least one executable operation. The processor 1570 may generate a control signal for controlling the external device, and may transmit the generated control signal to the external device, when the external device needs to be linked to perform the determined operation. The processor 1570 may obtain the intention information for the user input and determine the user's requirements based on the obtained intention information. The processor 1570 may use at least one of a speech-to-text (STT) engine for converting speech input into a text string and/or a natural language processing (NLP) engine for acquiring intention information of a natural language, to obtain the intention information corresponding to the user input. At least one of the STT engine and/or the NLP engine may be configured as an ANN, at least a part of which is learned according to a machine learning algorithm. At least one of the STT engine and/or the NLP engine may be learned by the learning processor 1530 and/or learned by the learning processor of the AI server, and/or learned by their distributed processing. The processor 1570 may collect history information including the operation contents of the AI device 1500 and/or the user's feedback on the operation, etc. The processor 1570 may store the collected history information in the memory 1560 and/or the learning processor 1530, and/or transmit to an external device such as the AI server. The collected history information can be used to update the learning model. The processor 1570 may control at least some of the components of AI device 1500 to drive an application program stored in memory 1560. Furthermore, the processor 1570 may operate two or more of the components included in the AI device 1500 in combination with each other for driving the application program.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of an AI system to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • Referring to FIG. 16, in the AI system, at least one of an AI server 1620, a robot 1610a, an autonomous vehicle 1610b, an XR device 1610c, a smartphone 1610d and/or a home appliance 1610e is connected to a cloud network 1600. The robot 1610a, the autonomous vehicle 1610b, the XR device 1610c, the smartphone 1610d, and/or the home appliance 1610e to which the AI technology is applied may be referred to as AI devices 1610a to 1610e.
  • The cloud network 1600 may refer to a network that forms part of a cloud computing infrastructure and/or resides in a cloud computing infrastructure. The cloud network 1600 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G or LTE network, and/or a 5G network. That is, each of the devices 1610a to 1610e and 1620 consisting the AI system may be connected to each other through the cloud network 1600. In particular, each of the devices 1610a to 1610e and 1620 may communicate with each other through a base station, but may directly communicate with each other without using a base station.
  • The AI server 1620 may include a server for performing AI processing and a server for performing operations on big data. The AI server 1620 is connected to at least one or more of AI devices constituting the AI system, i.e. the robot 1610a, the autonomous vehicle 1610b, the XR device 1610c, the smartphone 1610d and/or the home appliance 1610e through the cloud network 1600, and may assist at least some AI processing of the connected AI devices 1610a to 1610e. The AI server 1620 can learn the ANN according to the machine learning algorithm on behalf of the AI devices 1610a to 1610e, and can directly store the learning models and/or transmit them to the AI devices 1610a to 1610e. The AI server 1620 may receive the input data from the AI devices 1610a to 1610e, infer the result value with respect to the received input data using the learning model, generate a response and/or a control command based on the inferred result value, and transmit the generated data to the AI devices 1610a to 1610e. Alternatively, the AI devices 1610a to 1610e may directly infer a result value for the input data using a learning model, and generate a response and/or a control command based on the inferred result value.
  • Various embodiments of the AI devices 1610a to 1610e to which the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied will be described. The AI devices 1610a to 1610e shown in FIG. 16 can be seen as specific embodiments of the AI device 1500 shown in FIG. 15.
  • The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.
  • For example, each cell can control whether UE's preference/intention on a specific slice is applicable for a cell reselection so that a controllability of a network on UE's camping frequencies can be increased.
  • Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and/or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.
  • In view of the exemplary systems described herein, methodologies that may be implemented in accordance with the disclosed subject matter have been described with reference to several flow diagrams. While for purposed of simplicity, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of steps or blocks, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the steps or blocks, as some steps may occur in different orders or concurrently with other steps from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, one skilled in the art would understand that the steps illustrated in the flow diagram are not exclusive and other steps may be included or one or more of the steps in the example flow diagram may be deleted without affecting the scope of the present disclosure.
  • Claims in the present description can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present description can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
    •

Claims (18)

  1. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
    receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency;
    receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection;
    determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and
    performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
    receiving, from a network, slice information informing one or more slices supported by the frequency,
    wherein the one or more slices comprise the slice, and
    wherein the slice information comprises a slice identifier (ID) of the slice.
  3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
    receiving, from a network, a configuration for a list of frequencies including the frequency,
    wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection and does not inform whether to apply the second priority value to one or more other frequencies in the list of frequencies for the cell reselection.
  4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
    receiving, from a network, a configuration for a list of frequencies including the frequency,
    wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to all frequencies in the list of frequencies for the cell reselection.
  5. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the slice and does not inform whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for one or more other slices supported by the frequency.
  6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the priority value to apply to the frequency comprises:
    determining the first priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the first priority value to the frequency, or ii) the slice is not preferred by the UE.
  7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the priority value to apply to the frequency comprises:
    determining the second priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the second priority value to the frequency, and ii) the slice is preferred by the UE.
  8. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority value to apply to the frequency is determined as being highest among a list of frequencies configured by a network based on that the slice is preferred by the UE.
  9. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing of the cell reselection comprises:
    determining a highest priority frequency in a list of frequencies configured by a network based on comparing the priority value for the frequency with a priority value for at least one frequency in the list of frequencies; and
    performing the cell reselection to a highest ranked cell on the highest priority frequency.
  10. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or autonomous vehicles other than the UE.
  11. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising:
    a transceiver;
    a memory; and
    at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to:
    control the transceiver to receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency;
    control the transceiver to receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection;
    determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and
    perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  12. The UE of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control the transceiver to receive, from a network, slice information informing one or more slices supported by the frequency,
    wherein the one or more slices comprise the slice, and
    wherein the slice information comprises a slice identifier (ID) of the slice.
  13. The UE of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the first priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the first priority value to the frequency, or ii) the slice is not preferred by the UE.
  14. The UE of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the second priority value to apply to the frequency based on that i) the priority control information informs to apply the second priority value to the frequency, and ii) the slice is preferred by the UE.
  15. A processor for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, wherein a memory of the UE stores a software code which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform operations comprising:
    receiving, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency;
    receiving, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection;
    determining a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and
    performing the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions, wherein the plurality of instructions, when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to:
    receive, from a first cell, a first priority value for a frequency and a second priority value related to a slice supported by the frequency;
    receive, from a second cell, priority control information informing whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for a cell reselection;
    determine a priority value to apply to the frequency for the cell reselection among the first priority value and the second priority value based on the priority control information; and
    perform the cell reselection based on the determined priority value for the frequency.
  17. A method performed by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
    transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), one or more synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocks;
    performing a random access procedure with the UE; and
    transmitting, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value,
    wherein the first priority value is applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency, and
    wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
  18. A base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the BS comprising:
    a transceiver;
    a memory; and
    at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to:
    control the transceiver to transmit, to a user equipment (UE), one or more synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blocks;
    perform a random access procedure with the UE; and
    control the transceiver to transmit, to the UE, priority control information used for determining a priority value to apply to a frequency for a cell reselection among a first priority value and a second priority value,
    wherein the first priority value is applied to the frequency and the second priority value is related to a slice supported by the frequency, and
    wherein the priority control information informs whether to apply the second priority value to the frequency for the cell reselection.
EP22756589.2A 2021-02-19 2022-02-21 Method and apparatus for cell reselection in wireless communication system Pending EP4282188A4 (en)

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