EP4259972A1 - Verfahren zur optimierten verbrennung von ersatzbrennstoffen in einer vorrichtung zur thermischen behandlung von anorganischen stoffen, insbesondere zur herstellung von zementklinker - Google Patents
Verfahren zur optimierten verbrennung von ersatzbrennstoffen in einer vorrichtung zur thermischen behandlung von anorganischen stoffen, insbesondere zur herstellung von zementklinkerInfo
- Publication number
- EP4259972A1 EP4259972A1 EP21835598.0A EP21835598A EP4259972A1 EP 4259972 A1 EP4259972 A1 EP 4259972A1 EP 21835598 A EP21835598 A EP 21835598A EP 4259972 A1 EP4259972 A1 EP 4259972A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- sensor
- calorific value
- conveyor
- substitute
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/50—Blending
- F23K2201/501—Blending with other fuels or combustible waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
- F23K2203/20—Feeding/conveying devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/02—Pretreatment or prehandling using belt conveyors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
Definitions
- the invention relates to an active control method for determining the calorific value of a substitute fuel and for controlling the material flow as a function thereof.
- Substitute fuels are intended to replace primary fuels such as coal and oil, on the one hand for cost reasons, on the other hand to conserve valuable resources and thus minimize CO2 emissions. Due to the biogenic content contained in the refuse-derived fuels, these are at least partially considered to be renewable fuels.
- alternative fuels are typically inhomogeneous, for example municipal waste but also fractions processed from commercial waste consist of a large number of possible substances. These have very different calorific values.
- the moisture content has a very large influence on the calorific value, since the loss of energy for the evaporation and heating of the water means that this energy is not available for a subsequent process, for example the thermal treatment of inorganic substances, in particular for the production of cement clinker Available.
- WO 2017/009158 A1 discloses a method for controlling a combustion process with at least one substitute fuel using a vibrational spectroscopic analysis.
- WO 2005/003696 A1 discloses a method for the continuous, gravimetric dosing of free-flowing goods for furnaces with determination of the instantaneous calorific value and regulation.
- DE 103 30 376 A1 discloses a method and a device for the continuous, gravimetric dosing of free-flowing goods for furnaces.
- the object of the invention is to optimally integrate the automatic online detection of alternative fuels into a process for the thermal treatment of inorganic substances, in particular for the production of cement clinker.
- At least one first alternative fuel is used in the method according to the invention for the thermal treatment of inorganic substances, in particular for the production of cement clinker.
- Substitute fuels are fuels that are obtained from waste. This can be solid, liquid or gaseous waste that is processed in different depths.
- the waste used to produce RDF can come from households, industry or commerce, for example.
- the term RDF includes all non-fossil fuels. They can be produced from selectively obtained, production-specific (commercial) waste as well as from non-specific waste mixtures such as municipal waste.
- the secondary fuels that are specifically processed from selected material flows are primarily used in the cement power plants due to the higher quality requirements using sophisticated processing technologies. With an energy share of around 70% or more in Germany today, raw waste such as used tires, plastics, industrial and commercial waste as well as animal meal and animal fats are suitable for processing RDF for use in the cement industry. With lower energy shares, waste oil, solvents and municipal waste, among other things, are also used for processing.
- RDFs are usually inhomogeneous, i.e. they consist of different substances with different calorific values and fluctuating moisture content.
- the first refuse-derived fuel is fed into a first feed area.
- the first substitute fuel can be fed in by a wheel loader or a crane.
- the substitute fuel can be fed from a bunker, which is filled discontinuously, for example, by trucks.
- the refuse-derived fuel can be fed directly or indirectly via an interim storage facility from a refuse-derived fuel processing plant.
- the first alternative fuel is transported from the first feed area to a first combustion area with at least one first conveyor device.
- the first combustion area can be, for example, a burner on the calciner.
- Burner is to be understood broadly within the meaning of the invention and includes any device for burning a substitute fuel. Therefore, very different burners can be used, especially according to the type of substitute fuel. If the substitute fuel is capable of flying, it can be introduced into the burner, for example, through a pipe by means of a gas stream.
- a burner has a different structure, for example a burner for such alternative fuels has a moving grid as a supporting element, through which, for example, non-combustible residues or combustion products can also be removed.
- Such burners are familiar to those skilled in the art depending on the substitute fuel used.
- a continuously transporting conveyor device for example a conveyor belt, is selected as the first conveyor device.
- the first conveyor can thus take on two tasks. On the one hand, this transports the first substitute fuel.
- the first conveying device also represents a storage device for the first substitute fuel, which results from the amount of substitute fuel material lying on it and the conveying speed. This usability as a buffer, as a short-term storage, is very important for this method.
- the first refuse-derived fuel is detected by means of a first sensor with at least linear resolution.
- the first sensor is arranged above the first conveyor. From the information recorded by the first sensor, a spatially resolved material information of the first alternative fuel is determined.
- Such sensors and methods are known in principle and are used, for example, in plastics recycling.
- the invention it is not important to identify the individual substances precisely, but rather a rough classification, for example into wood, cardboard, paper, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), polystyrene (PS), glass, ceramics, metal, water, biological material.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PU polyurethane
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer
- PS polystyrene
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- ABS butadiene-styrene copolymer
- PS polystyrene
- spatially resolved is to be understood in such a way that the material information is recorded spatially resolved at least transversely to the conveying direction.
- RDFs are usually inhomogeneous, so that detection at just one point transverse to the conveying direction only allows a very poor statement to be made about the entire RDF.
- the local resolution is particularly preferably carried out along the entire conveying width, so that a statement that is as reliable as possible can be made about the refuse-derived fuel.
- a two-dimensional detection can also take place, so that with each measurement a spatial resolution is achieved both transversely to the conveying direction and along the conveying direction.
- This can be particularly preferred if the detection does not take place with a parallel beam guidance, but for example by means of a camera with a lens for short focal lengths.
- This has the advantage that, if the surface of the RDF being conveyed is very rough, it can also be detected slightly from the side, so that a more precise determination is possible if necessary.
- a first calorific value is estimated from the spatially resolved substance information of the first alternative fuel.
- the advantage here is that the first conveying device forms an intermediate store between the first sensor and the first combustion area, so that it is possible to predict exactly when which alternative fuel with what calorific value and in what quantity will reach the first combustion area.
- a first value is specified for the required heating energy in the first combustion area. This value can vary, for example depending on the capacity utilization, the type and amount of the starting materials used and the desired product or the desired product quality or other fuels fed to the process. To this end, other sensors can also be used to determine the educts and/or educt quality and product quality.
- the first material flow of the first refuse-derived fuel of the estimated first calorific value is adjusted to the specified heating energy by adjusting the material flow.
- the material flow can be adjusted by adjusting the conveying speed of the first conveying device.
- Other adjustment options which are also explained in more detail below, are the addition of high-energy fuels to the material flow or the mixing of different material flows from substitute fuels according to their calorific value. As a result, exactly the amount of substitute fuel that is required to maintain the right temperature for the process gets into the first combustion area. The control is therefore not carried out downstream, so that there are only significantly lower temperature fluctuations.
- an adjustment is regulated solely via the conveying speed of the first conveying device, in the simplest case the running speed of a conveyor belt.
- Further adjustments can be made, for example, by the relative adjustment of parallel material flows.
- intermediate storage or mixing devices can be used as devices for adjusting the material flow, in particular for homogenization.
- Another way of adjusting the material flow is through selective removal. For example, areas with a very low calorific value or very high levels of pollution can be ejected in order to achieve a better average calorific value.
- the first alternative fuel or a second alternative fuel is fed in at a second feed area. If the same substitute fuel from the same source is fed into both feed points, the material flows still differ due to the usual fluctuations in the substitute fuels.
- different substitute fuels can also be selected in a targeted manner, which differ in particular in terms of their average calorific value and therefore usually also in terms of price.
- household waste can be selected as the first alternative fuel and industrial waste can be selected as the second alternative fuel.
- biowaste can be selected as the first substitute fuel and plastic waste as the second substitute fuel.
- the substitute fuel is transported from the second feed area to a first combustion area with at least one second conveyor device.
- a continuously transporting conveyor device is selected as the second conveyor device.
- the substitute fuel is detected by means of a second sensor with at least linear resolution, the second sensor being above the second Conveyor is arranged. From the information recorded by the second sensor, spatially resolved information on the substance of the refuse-derived fuel is determined.
- a second calorific value is estimated from the spatially resolved material information of the refuse-derived fuel.
- the second stream of substitute fuel is adjusted to the specified heating energy using the estimated second calorific value by adjusting the conveying speed of the second conveying device.
- This area of the device is preferably constructed in the same way as the first area with the first conveying device.
- an adjustment can also be made based on the determined pollutant load of the first material flow and the determined pollutant load of the second material flow.
- the ratio between the first material flow and the second material flow is set as a function of the first calorific value and the second calorific value. In particular, this can be done in such a way that the ratio between the first stream and the second stream is selected such that the stream with the lower calorific value is selected as a maximum. This can ensure that materials with a lower calorific value in particular are burned well. In this way it can be largely avoided that areas with a low calorific value occur simultaneously in both mass flows.
- the substitute fuel with the lower calorific value is usually the cheaper one, so that financial optimization is also possible at the same time.
- the ratio between the first material flow and the second material flow is dependent on the first calorific value and the second calorific value as well as depending on a pollutant load, the pollutant load being determined from the spatially resolved substance information. If, for example, the first stream contains a high proportion of mercury, for example from old clinical thermometers, this stream can be reduced in comparison to the second stream in order to fall below the maximum emission. At the same time, however, it can also be ensured that the available emission options are used and that combustion of a polluted load is also possible.
- the concentration of the pollutant in the exhaust gas of the combustion process of the device for the thermal treatment of inorganic substances, in particular for the production of cement clinker can be detected with a pollutant sensor.
- the product quality can also be a parameter for the pollutant load, since pollutants can also influence the quality of the cement clinker.
- the aim is to add as much as possible, but not more to the combustion process. This can be achieved by shifting the two mass flows.
- pollutants can be, for example, in addition to mercury, especially from illuminants, chlorine, dioxins, especially from textiles, polycyclic aromatics, especially from industrial waste.
- Substances can also be involved that are not initially pollutants themselves, but can only be converted into a pollutant during a combustion process. Even common salt in a combustion of organic compounds can lead to the formation of dioxins.
- the concentration of the pollutant in the bypass of the device for the thermal treatment of inorganic substances is detected using a pollutant sensor.
- a pollutant sensor This is particularly preferred for chlorine as a pollutant, since chlorine accumulates here.
- the concentration of the pollutant in the product of the device for the thermal treatment of inorganic substances is detected using a pollutant sensor. This is preferred for pollutants that can accumulate in the product.
- the ratio between the first material flow and the second material flow is determined as a function of the first calorific value and the second calorific value and as a function of the carbon source of the material flows. For example, CC loads that arise from fossil fuels are evaluated differently than CC loads that come from renewable raw materials, such as organic waste. This can also be optimized in terms of sustainability and the existing CO2 certificates.
- the ratio between the first material flow and the second material flow is determined as a function of the first calorific value and the second calorific value and as a function of the price of the substitute fuels applied. An attempt is therefore made to achieve the necessary calorific value using components that are as cheap as possible.
- the pollutant content in the product ie the thermally treated inorganic substance, for example in the clinker, or in the bypass dust is detected and used for regulation instead of the pollutant load in the exhaust gas.
- a high-energy fuel with at least 10 GJ/t is added to the first material flow on the first conveying device between the first sensor and the first combustion area.
- high energy fuels are primary fuel, biomass, homogeneous high energy density waste such as animal meal, or fluff.
- the primary fuel can be coal, pulverized coal or oil.
- other fuels with a very high calorific value can be added. These are usually comparatively expensive compared to substitute fuels. However, this should serve to set a minimum calorific value and thus ensure that the temperatures required for the thermal treatment process of inorganic substances, in particular for the production of cement clinker, can also be achieved and the quality of the product does not suffer.
- a primary fuel is added to the first material flow on the first conveyor device between the first sensor and the first combustion area in order to achieve a calorific value of at least 2 GJ/t.
- impurities can be removed from the first stream of material on the first conveying device between the first sensor and the first combustion area, with the impurities being identified from the spatially resolved material information of the first refuse-derived fuel.
- Impurities can be glass or metal, for example, which can occur in the alternative fuel, but cannot be burned to form gaseous products and thus contaminate the product and thus lead, for example, to color impairments or deterioration in quality.
- a first buffer store is arranged between the first conveyor device and the first delivery point.
- the intermediate store can be used to achieve an equalization in the material flow of the refuse-derived fuel.
- the first conveying device and the second conveying device convey into the intermediate store, with the relative material flows resulting in a further homogenization of the calorific value of the substitute fuel in the intermediate store.
- the material flow can alternatively be routed via a processing device in addition to the direct transport from the first conveyor device to the first feed area.
- the processing device is a drying device.
- the drying is carried out using the data determined by the first sensor, in particular the moisture content of the refuse-derived fuel.
- a first intermediate store is arranged between the first conveyor device and the first feed area in order to ensure a continuous flow of material.
- the material flow guided through the processing device is preferably guided into the first buffer store.
- the feeding of the first refuse derived fuel at the first feeding area occurs in a discontinuous manner from different sources.
- the first alternative fuel is given up with the help of a wheel loader, it being possible for the wheel loader to obtain the first alternative fuel from different sources. Based on the information detected by the first sensor, it is selected from which source and at what time the first substitute fuel should be fed, ie for example from which source a wheel loader should pick up and give up the first substitute fuel. For this purpose, of course, it must also be recorded from which source and when which substitute material is given up.
- further process data are recorded and taken into account when adjusting the material flow.
- These are, for example, temperatures within the device, in particular the flame temperature, gas composition, for example the oxygen content of the combustion gas supplied, chemical composition of the reactants for thermal treatment, external weather data such as temperature, humidity and air pressure, pollutant load already emitted in a recording period, including CO2, or degree of utilization of the device.
- the first substitute fuel is a solid first substitute fuel.
- the optional second substitute fuel is preferably a solid second substitute fuel.
- these solid substitute fuels are usually cheap.
- the problem arises that they are inhomogeneous and therefore do not have a constant calorific value.
- the volume of a solid refuse derived fuel cannot be measured, or only with great difficulty, so that the volume can be deduced from the surface that is measured.
- solid within the meaning of the invention means that the refuse-derived fuel is essentially solid.
- household waste is a substitute fuel, but it can also contain free-flowing or liquid components.
- a substitute fuel is therefore considered to be solid within the meaning of the invention if at least 50% by weight is preferred at least 75% by weight solid components are included.
- Such a solid refuse-derived fuel can therefore be regarded as non-flowable.
- the first conveyor device is a first conveyor belt and the second conveyor device is a second conveyor belt.
- the first conveyor belt and/or the second conveyor belt can be a belt conveyor.
- the first sensor detects the surface of the first substitute fuel on the first conveyor and the second sensor detects the surface of the first substitute fuel or the second substitute fuel on the second conveyor. Since it is not possible to record the volume and thus the exact calorific value for most solid refuse derived fuels, the surface is recorded and the calorific value, which can be determined for the surface, is assumed and used as a representative value for the volume. Alternatively, instead of a conveyor belt, a vibrating conveyor could be used, for example.
- FIG. 1 Schematic representation of a cement plant
- FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is a rough schematic representation of a plant for the production of cement clinker in order to illustrate the method according to the invention.
- the reactants first reach a preheater 10, then a calciner 20 and finally a rotary kiln 30. Hot air usually flows in countercurrent.
- substitute fuels are burned in the calciner 20 to provide the energy required for the process.
- the required amount of substitute fuel is made available to the calciner 20 via two separate mass flows.
- Substitute fuel is fed to the first feed area 40 by means of a wheel loader, for example, and conveyed to a combustion area inside the calciner 20 by means of the first conveyor device 50 .
- the substitute fuel runs under a first sensor 60, which is arranged in a row over the entire width of the first conveyor 50 designed as a conveyor belt.
- the first sensor 60 detects spatially resolved information that can be used for classification and thus for determining the calorific value.
- the first sensor is an NIR spectrometer, which records the spectral information line by line and thus enables the components of the refuse-derived fuel to be characterized.
- the first conveyor device 50 is driven by means of a first drive 52.
- Substitute fuel is fed to the second feed area 70 by means of a wheel loader, for example, and conveyed to a combustion area inside the calciner 20 by the second conveying device 80 .
- the alternative fuel runs under a second sensor 90, which is arranged in a row over the entire width of the second conveyor 80 designed as a conveyor belt.
- the second sensor 90 detects spatially resolved information that can be used for classification and thus for determining the calorific value.
- the first sensor is an NIR spectrometer, which records the spectral information line by line and thus enables the components of the refuse-derived fuel to be characterized.
- the second conveyor device 80 is driven by a second drive 82.
- the data from the first sensor 60 and the second sensor 90 are transmitted to the control unit 100 . This evaluates them and calculates the probable calorific values based on the stored data. The calculation can only be an approximation, since the material composition below the surface in particular can only be estimated. However, this approximation has proven to be sufficiently accurate.
- the control unit 100 receives the information on the amount of energy required for firing the calciner 20 . This information can be specified, for example, by a central control unit and is, for example, on the utilization of the system, the type of starting materials and the type or quality of the desired cement clinker product. From this information, the control unit 100 determines the required material flows of the first conveyor device 40 and the second conveyor device 80 and regulates the first drive 52 and the second drive 82 accordingly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020215492.9A DE102020215492A1 (de) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Verfahren zur optimierten Verbrennung von Ersatzbrennstoffen in einer Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von anorganischen Stoffen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Zementklinker |
| PCT/EP2021/083790 WO2022122509A1 (de) | 2020-12-08 | 2021-12-01 | Verfahren zur optimierten verbrennung von ersatzbrennstoffen in einer vorrichtung zur thermischen behandlung von anorganischen stoffen, insbesondere zur herstellung von zementklinker |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4259972A1 true EP4259972A1 (de) | 2023-10-18 |
| EP4259972C0 EP4259972C0 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
| EP4259972B1 EP4259972B1 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
Family
ID=79185620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21835598.0A Active EP4259972B1 (de) | 2020-12-08 | 2021-12-01 | Verfahren zur optimierten verbrennung von ersatzbrennstoffen in einer vorrichtung zur thermischen behandlung von anorganischen stoffen, insbesondere zur herstellung von zementklinker |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4259972B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020215492A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022122509A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4517925A (en) | 1983-11-09 | 1985-05-21 | New Life Foundation | High efficiency refuse-derived-fuel supplying system for industrial boilers |
| JP2912330B1 (ja) | 1998-02-12 | 1999-06-28 | 九州電力株式会社 | Rdf燃焼方法及びrdf燃焼設備 |
| DE10330376B4 (de) | 2003-07-04 | 2007-09-13 | Pfister Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen, gravimetrischen Dosierung von fließfähigen Gütern für Feuerungsanlagen |
| DE202004007111U1 (de) * | 2004-05-03 | 2004-08-19 | Handschick, Bert | Maschine zur Herstellung definierter Brennstoffqualitäten |
| CA2924956C (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2020-12-15 | Mantex Ab | Method and apparatus for estimation of heat value using dual energy x-ray transmission measurements and x-ray fluorescence measurements |
| DE102015111489A1 (de) | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zur Regelung eines Brennprozesses |
| KR101798643B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-11-20 | 주식회사 더하다 | 생활폐기물 고형연료 제조방법 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-08 DE DE102020215492.9A patent/DE102020215492A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-12-01 EP EP21835598.0A patent/EP4259972B1/de active Active
- 2021-12-01 WO PCT/EP2021/083790 patent/WO2022122509A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4259972C0 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
| EP4259972B1 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
| DE102020215492A1 (de) | 2022-06-09 |
| WO2022122509A1 (de) | 2022-06-16 |
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