Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
  • H02H3/083—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for three-phase systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of electronic cut-off protection equipment.
• Electronic cut-off protection equipment unlike electromechanical cut-off protection equipment, cannot withstand high current values in the event of a short-circuit or CEM shock wave, the acronym CEM meaning Electro-Magnetic Compatibility , otherwise the electronic cut-off unit could be damaged.
• the short-circuit detection response time must be fast enough, i.e. of the order of a few microseconds in order to interrupt the current in time.
• Such electronic cut-off protection equipment generally comprises an electronic protection trip unit which usually comprises a microcontroller to ensure the coordination of the various elements, the measurement, the communication, as well as the fault detection. It can therefore potentially also be used to detect fast transient faults, such as short-circuit or EMC shock wave, provided it is powerful and fast enough to perform this task.
• the purpose of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks and aims to propose a solution making it possible to avoid the use of a microcontroller for the detection of faults of the short-circuit or CEM shock wave type.
• an electronic cut-off protection device comprising at least:
• At least one current sensor able and intended at least to measure the current flowing in said at least one phase current line and to emit an acquisition signal representative of the image of the current flowing in said at least one phase current line phase current
• an electronic protection trip unit electrically connected with said current sensor and, able and intended at least to process said acquisition signal and, if necessary, to emit a first protection trip control signal representative of the appearance of a overload-type fault, said electronic protection trip unit having a response time of between 10 milliseconds and 1 second
• said electronic cut-off protection device comprises an analog protection trip device, configured to receive a signal representative of the voltage at the terminals of the electronic cut-off unit, connected to the electronic cut-off unit, and arranged to compare the signal representative of the voltage at the terminals of the electronic cut-off unit with a predetermined threshold value and in the event of said threshold value being exceeded, transmitting a second protection tripping control signal representative of the appearance of a fault of the EMC shock wave type or of the short-circuit type, said analog protection tripping device having a response time between 1 microsecond and 10 milliseconds, in that said electronic cut-off unit is suitable and intended for the less to be controlled in tripping by said first protection tripping control signal and/or by said second protection tripping control signal, so as to open said at least one electronic cut-off component, and in that said switchgear electronic cut-off protection further comprises a power supply configured
• FIG. 1 shows an electrical diagram of the electronic cut-off protection device according to a first possibility of a first variant embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 represents an electrical diagram of the electronic cut-off protection device according to a second possibility of the first variant embodiment of the invention
• Figure 3 shows an electrical diagram of the electronic cut-off protection device according to a first possibility of a second variant embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 represents an electrical diagram of the electronic cut-off protection device according to a second possibility of the second variant embodiment of the invention.
• figure 5 represents a tripping curve showing the response time of the electronic cut-off protection device according to the invention as a function of the current.
• an electronic cut-off protection device comprises at least:
• At least one current sensor 1 able and intended at least to measure the current flowing in said at least one current line of phase L and to emit an acquisition signal representative of the image of the current flowing in said at least one L phase current line
• an electronic protection trip unit 2 electrically connected with said current sensor 1 and, able and intended at least to process said acquisition signal and if necessary to emit a first protection trip control signal D1 representative of the appearance an overload-type fault, said electronic protection trip unit 2 having a response time of between 10 milliseconds and 1 second,
• an electronic cut-off unit 3 comprising at least one electronic power cut-off component disposed respectively on said at least one phase current line L.
• said electronic cut-off protection device comprises: - an analog protection trip unit 4, configured to receive a signal representative of the voltage at the terminals 30, 31 of the electronic cut-off unit 3, connected to the electronic cut-off unit 3, and arranged to compare the signal representative of the voltage across terminals 30, 31 of electronic cut-off unit 3 to a predetermined threshold value and in the event of said threshold value being exceeded, transmitting a second protection trip control signal D2 representative of the appearance of a type fault EMC or short-circuit type shock wave, said analog protection trigger 4 having a response time of between 1 microsecond and 10 milliseconds, said electronic cut-off unit 3 being able and intended at least to be controlled in triggering by said first protection tripping control signal D1 and/or by said second protection tripping control signal D2, so as to open said at least one electronic component cutoff ue,
• a power supply 7 configured to supply the electronic protection trip unit 2 and the analog protection trip unit 4.
• the present invention allows the implementation of two types of fault detection in parallel in the same electronic cut-off protection device.
• the first detection is analog thanks to the analog protection trigger 4 and is based on the comparison of the voltage of the electronic power cut-off component with a predetermined threshold value, it makes it possible to detect faults in the electrical installation of the short-circuit type. or shock waves caused by lightning, as well as potential faults in the electronic cut-off component, for example a power transistor.
• the second detection is digital thanks to the electronic protection trip unit and makes it possible to detect faults, of the overload type, based on the measurement of the current of the phase L current line using the current sensor 1.
• the invention proposes using the voltage at terminals 30, 31 of the breaking unit electronics 3. By comparing this voltage to a predetermined threshold value, it is therefore possible to detect faults of the type short circuit or EMC shock waves.
• the simplicity of implementation also makes the solution all the more efficient because it is fast, reliable and robust.
• the electronic protection trip unit 2 and the current sensor 1 allow the detection of overload-type faults and produce a digital detection chain which can be configured by the user in order to best adapt to the electrical installation. .
• the response time of the electronic protection trip unit 2 can be considered slow, since it is of the order of ten milliseconds, more particularly comprised between 10 milliseconds and 1 second, but the triggering is performed with good precision. Good accuracy means a percentage error of between 1 percent and 5 percent.
• This digital detection chain can also be used to detect electric arc faults. Indeed, an electric arc fault detection algorithm could be implemented in the electronic protection trip unit 2, on condition of also having a measurement of the voltage between the phase current line L and the neutral current line N. This digital detection chain cannot be used to detect short-circuit or EMC shock wave type faults.
• the analog protection trigger 4 allows short-circuit or EMC shock wave type fault detection and produces an analog detection chain, with a so-called fast response time of the order of a microsecond, more particularly including between 1 microsecond and 10 milliseconds but with a very low precision of the order of 10A, as illustrated in figure 5, mainly due to the non-linearity of the resistance of the electronic cut-off component R as a function of the current and the temperature.
• the present invention makes it possible, in addition to protecting the installation, to also detect a possible failure of said at least one component.
• the predetermined threshold value is ideally set close to the acceptable current limit of said at least one electronic power cut-off component, in order to ensure its protection.
• the acceptable current limit corresponds to a maximum current defined in the data supplied by the manufacturer of the electronic power cut-off component.
• the predetermined threshold value should also preferably be sufficiently high so as not to generate nuisance tripping in the electrical installation.
• the predetermined threshold value is selected so as not to interfere with the circuit breaker curve chosen by the user.
• the shock wave can be an 8/20 microsecond or 1.2/50 microsecond wave.
• the current sensor 1 may consist of a measuring shunt or a Rogowski winding or a current transformer or a Hall effect sensor or the like.
• the power supply 7 may consist of a non-isolated AC/DC converter and be electrically connected in parallel between the phase current line L and the neutral current line N.
• said at least one electronic cut-off component comprises at least one power transistor, preferably two power transistors.
• the two power transistors are preferably connected in series, for example head to tail, on the phase L current line.
• this power transistor may consist of a bipolar transistor or a field effect transistor. It is controlled by the driver 6 described below so as to conduct the electric current or not.
• the current sensor 1 is preferably a measurement shunt, located between the two transistors and preferably connected in series.
• said analog protection trip unit 4 comprises at least one driver 6, configured at least to drive said at least one electronic power cut-off component of the cut-off unit electronic 3 and, comprising at least a first input terminal 61 electrically connected to the electronic protection trip unit 2 and an output terminal 62 electrically connected to the electronic cut-off unit 3.
• the driver 6 performs a triggering control function and thus makes it possible to control said at least one electronic power cut-off component of the electronic cut-off unit 3.
• said at least one electronic cut-off component power can be controlled in tripping by said first protection tripping control signal D1 and/or by said second protection tripping control signal D2, so as to open said at least one electronic cut-off component.
• the driver 6 further comprises a second input terminal 63 electrically connected to the electronic cut-off unit 3 and the driver 6 is further configured to compare the signal representative of the voltage at the terminals 30, 31 of the electronic cut-off unit 3 with the predetermined threshold value and in the event of exceeding said threshold value emitting said second control signal D2 for triggering protection.
• the driver 6 incorporates, in addition to the triggering control function, a comparison function also commonly called protection against desaturation.
• the electronic cut-off protection device comprises an electrical assembly for adjusting the predetermined threshold comprising at least one diode 8 so as to allow the setting of said predetermined threshold value, said electrical assembly being electrically connected between said second input terminal 63 of driver 6 and terminal 30 of said electronic cut-off cut-off unit 3.
• driver 6 is configured to generate a voltage which corresponds to the predetermined threshold value.
• Diode 8 is preferably a Zener diode. This electrical assembly has the advantage of being analog.
• the driver 6 comprises a third input terminal 64 electrically connected to the electronic protection trip unit 2, so as to allow adjustment of said predetermined threshold value in said electronic protection trip unit 2.
• the electronic protection trip device 2 allows in this case the setting of the predetermined threshold value electronically.
• said analog protection trip unit 4 further comprises at least one comparison unit 5 comprising a first input terminal 51, a second input terminal 52 and an output terminal 53.
• Said first input terminal 51 is electrically connected to the electronic cut-off unit 3 and said output terminal 53 is electrically connected to a second input terminal 63 which comprises the driver 6.
• said comparison unit 5 is configured to compare the signal representative of the voltage at the terminals 30, 31 of the electronic cut-off unit 3 with said predetermined threshold value and in the event of exceeding said threshold value emit the second protection trip control signal D2.
• the comparison unit 5 performs a comparison function.
• the comparison unit 5 can comprise a comparator.
• the electronic cut-off protection device comprises an electrical circuit for adjusting the predetermined threshold comprising at least one diode 8 so as to allow adjustment of said predetermined threshold value, said electrical circuit being electrically connected between said first input terminal 51 of said comparison unit 5 and terminal 30 of said electronic cut-off unit 3.
• the comparison 5 preferably comprises a second input terminal 52 connected to a voltage regulator or a voltage divider bridge or equivalent in order to generate the desired voltage which corresponds to the predetermined threshold value.
• Diode 8 is preferably a Zener diode.
• This electrical assembly has the advantage of being analog.
• said second input terminal 52 of said comparison unit 5 is electrically connected to the electronic protection trip unit 2, so as to allow setting said predetermined threshold value in said electronic protection trip unit 2.
• the electronic protection trip device 2 allows in this case the setting of the predetermined threshold value electronically.
• the electronic protection trip unit 2 comprises at least one microcontroller configured at least to process said acquisition signal representative of the image of the current flowing in said at least one phase current line L and if necessary to emit said first protection triggering control signal D1 representative of the appearance of a fault, the microcontroller having a response time of between 10 milliseconds and 1 second.
• the microcontroller can also be provided to provide measurement functions, communication, in addition to fault detection. In any case, it is not designed to detect short-circuit or EMC shock wave type faults. Indeed, the latter is not powerful and fast enough to perform this task.
• the electronic cut-off protection device comprises a box in modular format, that is to say the format of which preferably complies with the UTE C61-920 standard.
• the invention thus makes it possible to produce an electronic cut-off protection device in modular format having a cost and a size which are limited without having to select an electronic protection trip unit 2 which is capable of detecting so-called rapid defects, which will greatly increase the manufacturing cost.
• said housing has a generally parallelepipedic shape with a first main face and a second main face, and side faces, respectively rear, lower, front and upper extending from one to the other of the first and second main faces, and with a width, that is to say the gap between the first and second main faces, equal to an integer number of times a predetermined distance, called module.
• the driver 6 is configured to control the opening of said at least one electronic power cut-off component of the cut-off unit 3 and to transmit a signal to the electronic protection trip unit 2 to inform it of the presence of a fault.
• the driver 6 can instantly pass control of the electronic component, preferably a transistor at zero.
• the driver 6 can also send a signal to the electronic protection trip unit 2, preferably a microcontroller, to inform it of the presence of a fault.
• the driver 6 is configured to control the opening of said at least one electronic power cut-off component of the unit cut-off 3 and the comparison unit 5 is configured to transmit a signal to the electronic protection trip unit 2 to inform it of the presence of a fault.
• the driver 6 can instantly pass control of the electronic component, preferably a zero transistor.
• the comparison unit can send a signal to the electronic protection trip unit 2, preferably a microcontroller, to inform it of the presence of a fault.
• the electronic cut-off unit 3 comprises a ground M which is local.
• the mass M does not correspond to a mass of the circuit formed by the phase current line L and the neutral current line N.
• the analog protection trigger 4 comprises a ground M which is local.
• the comparison unit 5 comprises a ground M which is local.

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• 2020
  • 2020-11-18 FR FR2011837A patent/FR3116392B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-11-18 CN CN202180076706.4A patent/CN116508220A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-11-18 WO PCT/EP2021/082113 patent/WO2022106526A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2021-11-18 AU AU2021382316A patent/AU2021382316B2/en active Active
  • 2021-11-18 EP EP21815995.2A patent/EP4248533A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-11-18 US US18/036,168 patent/US20230420927A1/en active Pending

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