EP4247984A1 - Charakterisierung eines verhüttungsprozesses - Google Patents
Charakterisierung eines verhüttungsprozessesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4247984A1 EP4247984A1 EP21807137.1A EP21807137A EP4247984A1 EP 4247984 A1 EP4247984 A1 EP 4247984A1 EP 21807137 A EP21807137 A EP 21807137A EP 4247984 A1 EP4247984 A1 EP 4247984A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- basis
- orthonormal
- coefficients
- smelting process
- representation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
- F27B1/26—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
- F27B1/28—Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D21/0014—Devices for monitoring temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D21/0028—Devices for monitoring the level of the melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2300/00—Process aspects
- C21B2300/04—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0003—Monitoring the temperature or a characteristic of the charge and using it as a controlling value
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
- F27D2019/0009—Monitoring the pressure in an enclosure or kiln zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
- F27D2019/0012—Monitoring the composition of the atmosphere or of one of their components
- F27D2019/0015—Monitoring the composition of the exhaust gases or of one of its components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D2021/0007—Monitoring the pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D2021/005—Devices for monitoring thermal expansion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for characterizing a smelting process and a plant for smelting metal ores.
- Processes in smelting plants are usually strictly monitored.
- a large number of different sensors can be used for automation and quality assurance. With the help of these sensors, various process parameters can be recorded, which, for example, allow statements and/or predictions to be made about reaction courses and speeds.
- the so-called burden column i.e. the bed of metal ore, coke and possibly other additives
- the burden column can "hang" in the blast furnace shaft.
- Characteristic changes for this for example, in the sinking speed of the burden surface or in the pressure and the The temperature of the top gas escaping from the burden column can be recorded with the help of such sensors and enable countermeasures to be initiated in good time.
- sensor data from two-dimensional acoustic temperature measurements at the blast furnace throat or two-dimensional radar measurements of the height profile of the bed or the burden column can be provided.
- Such data for example in the form of corresponding images, can provide valuable information about the current state of the smelting process. It is an object of the present invention to further improve the characterization of smelting processes, in particular to enable a systematic analysis of a spatial distribution of parameter values of a process parameter.
- This object is achieved by a method and a device for characterizing a smelting process and a plant for smelting metal ore according to the independent claims.
- a data set in particular generated by sensors
- the data record characterizes a spatial distribution of a number of parameter values—which are measured values generated by sensors—of a process parameter of the smelting process.
- an orthonormal representation of the spatial distribution of the multiple parameter values in an orthonormal basis is determined on the basis of the data set and a set of base coefficients of the determined orthonormal representation is output.
- the orthonormal basis is defined in advance and is not dependent on individual measured values, which also makes it possible to directly compare the set of basis coefficients with each other.
- the orthonormal basis is independent of the measured values generated by the sensors.
- the orthonormal basis consists of at least six, preferably at least ten, basis functions, with exactly one basis coefficient being assigned to each basis function. It therefore does not depend on the measured values determined by the sensors, how the orthonormal basis is determined.
- the orthonormal basis is determined based on, among other things, the number of parameters.
- the basic functions can for example Zernike polynomials and the basis coefficients can be Zernike coefficients.
- the orthonormal basis is defined in advance and is preferably dependent on the number of parameter values and the geometry of an aggregate of the smelting process.
- the orthonormal basis preferably depends at least on the number of sensors and the geometry of the aggregate of the smelting process.
- the geometry of the aggregate of the smelting process means, for example, exactly where the sensors are attached to the aggregate and what the geometric shape of the aggregate is.
- a spatial distribution of a number of parameter values within the meaning of the invention is a set of parameter values which a process parameter assumes at a number of spatially different locations, preferably at a fixed point in time.
- a data record which characterizes such a spatial distribution of a number of parameter values can also be referred to as a multi-dimensional data record since the spatial distribution is usually present in at least two dimensions.
- the spatial distribution of the parameter values can optionally be visualized as an image.
- sensor data that characterize such a spatial distribution of parameter values and are therefore an example of a (multidimensional) data set can be present as an image.
- An orthonormal representation of a spatial distribution of a number of parameter values within the meaning of the invention is a decomposition of the spatial distribution into a number of parts. These proportions preferably correspond to proportions of specified basic distributions.
- the basic distributions can also be referred to as basic functions or basic components and preferably have the property of being orthogonal to one another and normalized in the mathematical sense.
- the spatial distribution of the parameter values is preferred given as a linear combination of a given number of basis components.
- the spatial distribution of the parameter values can be approximated in particular as a linear combination of the basic components.
- the basic components constituting or at least approximating the spatial distribution can each be weighted with a basic coefficient.
- the basis coefficients indicate, for example, the strength of the respective basis function in the spatial distribution. In other words, the base coefficients indicate how large the proportion of the respective base component is in the existing distribution.
- Outputting a set of base coefficients within the meaning of the invention is providing the set of base coefficients at an interface.
- the base coefficients can be output to a user, for example displayed on a screen.
- the base coefficients can also be output to a memory device for storage. It is also conceivable to output the base coefficients to a control device for controlling the smelting process.
- One aspect of the invention is based on the approach of transforming a data record, which characterizes a process parameter of a smelting process in a spatially resolved manner, into a format in which characteristics of the data record are few, at least in relation to the size of the data record basis coefficients can be expressed.
- a data record contains, for example, information on the value of the process parameter at different locations.
- the data set can be generated by a sensor device when the process parameter is detected in a spatially resolved manner and can thus supply the spatial distribution of parameter values of the process parameter. Accordingly, the parameter values can also be interpreted as measured values that can be recorded at different locations with the aid of the sensor device.
- the transformation into the new format not only makes the data record easier - for example by comparing the basic coefficients analyze, but also a compression of the amount of data can be achieved. This makes it easier to store the data generated when the process parameter was recorded.
- the data set is preferably broken down into a predetermined number of basic components of an orthonormal basis. In this case, for example, it is determined how large the proportion of the various basic components is in the spatial distribution of the parameter values. This proportion can be expressed by the basis coefficients.
- the basic coefficients can be understood as mathematically based key figures that characterize the smelting process.
- the base coefficients determined in this way are preferably output as a set.
- This set of basis coefficients can be viewed as a discrete spectrum of a measurement of the process parameter.
- the set of basis coefficients contains essentially the same information as the original data set, but in an abstract and compressed form. This can significantly facilitate an analysis. In particular, it is possible to identify trends more clearly and quickly.
- the set of base coefficients is supplied to an evaluation device which, preferably on the basis of a comparison of the base coefficients with specified target base coefficients, outputs appropriate measures for controlling and/or regulating the smelting process.
- the evaluation device can be connected directly to a controller and/or regulator of the smelting process. Based on the basic coefficients, the evaluation system determines possible changes that need to be made to the smelting process in order to achieve the desired state again.
- This method can be used, for example, to analyze a radar measurement of the height profile of a bed in a blast furnace, also known as a burden column.
- the image resulting from the radar measurement can be Coordinate transformation, broken down into a linear combination of Zernike polynomials, with other orthonormal functions possibly also being conceivable.
- the Zernike polynomials can each be weighted with a Zernike coefficient.
- the Zernike polynomials correspond to an orthonormal basis, and the Zernike coefficients correspond to base coefficients.
- the height profile can be systematically evaluated with the Zernike coefficients, for example by comparing the coefficients with the coefficients of a predefined profile. Compared to a comparison of the image resulting from the radar measurement with a given image, this has the advantage, for example, that far fewer data points have to be processed.
- the data set is adapted to a geometry on which the orthonormal basis is based before the orthonormal representation is determined.
- the data set can be subjected to a coordinate transformation. This significantly simplifies the determination of the orthonormal representation. For example, the spatial distribution of the parameter values can be broken down more easily into specified basic components of the orthonormal basis. The computing power required to determine the proportions of the basic components in the data set can thus be reduced and the method can be accelerated.
- a geometry on which the orthonormal basis is based designates the coordinate system in which the orthonormal basis can be expressed in a particularly simple manner.
- the basic components have a particularly simple form, for example.
- the basic components in this geometry can be given by particularly simple functions such as trigonometric functions.
- the data set can be transformed into a polar coordinate system in order to describe the spatial distribution of the parameter values characterized by it using an orthonormal basis of Zernike polynomials, Bessel polynomials or represent Chebyshev polynomials.
- the data set can also be transformed into a cylindrical coordinate system in order to represent the spatial distribution using an orthonormal basis from Legendre-Fourier polynomials.
- the data set can be transformed into a spherical coordinate system in order to represent the spatial distribution using an orthonormal basis from Laguerre polynomials with spherical harmonics. It is also conceivable to transform the data set into a Cartesian coordinate system in order to represent the spatial distribution using an orthonormal basis of Hermite-Gauss polynomials.
- an orthonormal basis is selected which is adapted to a geometry on which the data set is based, i. H. corresponds to the geometry on which the data set is based.
- a geometry on which the data set is based within the meaning of the invention can be determined by the shape of the area or the volume in which the parameter values are spatially distributed.
- Parameter values distributed in the form of a ring in a surface can, for example, be based on polar coordinates.
- parameter values distributed in the form of columns can be based on cylindrical coordinates.
- determining the height profile of a bed in the shaft of a blast furnace ie the surface profile of the bed in the shaft
- a 2D radar measurement usually provides an essentially disc-shaped distribution of height values.
- a similar spatial distribution of temperature values is also provided by a sound-based 2D temperature measurement on the top gas above the bed.
- the corresponding data sets can therefore be used particularly well in polar coordinates and are preferably represented by an orthonormal basis of Zernike polynomials.
- a data set that is determined in smelting processes is usually based on a different geometry.
- Such temperature sensors can be arranged, for example, on cooling bodies for the blast furnace shaft. Since such heat sinks are usually arranged along the shaft wall, the resulting spatial distribution of the parameter values essentially corresponds to a cylinder jacket. It can therefore be expressed particularly well in cylindrical coordinates.
- a corresponding data set is therefore preferably represented by an orthonormal basis from Legendre-Fourier polynomials.
- the temperature distribution in a hearth of the blast furnace at the bottom of the blast furnace shaft, into which the molten iron ore and slag sinks, can be recorded using a sensor network made up of a large number of temperature sensors installed in the wall of the hearth and represented, for example, in spherical coordinates.
- Laguerre polynomials with spherical harmonics are preferably selected as the orthonormal basis.
- an orthonormal basis is generated on the basis of the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization method. This allows the smelting process to be characterized in a particularly flexible manner.
- an orthonormal representation can be determined in a simple and rapid manner. For example, it is conceivable that in this way an orthonormal basis that is advantageous with regard to the complexity of the calculations is always selected, even in the case of sensors of a sensor device that can be arranged in a spatially variable manner, for example in the case of relocatable sensors.
- Householder transformations can also be used, or Givens rotations, with which rounding errors, which have a disadvantageous effect on the orthogonality of the basic components determined, can at least be reduced. It is also conceivable to use an orthogonalization method and then to standardize the base components obtained as a result, if necessary in a separate method step. For example, the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization method can be used and the resulting orthogonal basis can be normalized.
- the at least one process parameter is (i) a bed height in a blast furnace, (ii) a temperature of a top gas or a blast furnace wall, (iii) a pressure in a bed, (iv) a radiation intensity in a blast furnace generated electromagnetic radiation, (v) an electromotive force on the outside of the wall of the blast furnace, and/or (vi) a chemical composition of a bed.
- a smelting process possibly also sub-processes such as the reduction of components of the burden or the melting of metal ores, can be characterized particularly well by an analysis of the respective parameter value distribution based on the orthonormal representation of a corresponding data set.
- the orthonormal representation is determined on a grid defined by a sensor device set up for detecting the process parameter.
- the grid can be defined in particular by a spatial resolution of the sensor device.
- the grid can be defined by the arrangement of sensors that are part of a sensor network of the sensor device.
- the orthonormal representation can thus be determined on the basis of a discrete calculation. For example, it is possible to set up and solve a system of equations using the discretization by the grid. This means that more complex calculation methods for the basic components, such as direct integration, can be avoided.
- sensory recorded parameter values can be interpreted as support points of a multidimensional function.
- the function value at a specific grid point then preferably corresponds to the parameter value measured there.
- the coordinates resulting from the defined grid can also easily be transformed into another coordinate system, for example polar coordinates or spherical coordinates.
- an overdetermined, in particular linear, equation system is set up to determine the orthonormal representation.
- a system of equations can be generated, for example, by truncating a mathematical series whose terms form the basic components in the orthonormal representation after a predetermined number of basic components.
- the set of base coefficients is then preferably determined on the basis of a solution of the system of equations using the least squares method. This allows an efficient and reliable determination of the base coefficients.
- the set of base coefficients can also be based on a solution of the system of equations using a generalized least squares method.
- norms other than the Euclidean one are also conceivable, such as the so-called sum norm (1-norm).
- the number of parameter values characterized by the data set is greater by at least a factor of 5 than a number of basic components of the orthonormal basis on which the orthonormal representation is based.
- this ratio of parameter values and base components can advantageously be fulfilled by carrying out the orthonormal representation with 36 to 66 base components of the orthonormal base.
- the orthonormal representation is preferably based on a linear combination of 36 to 66 terms, in particular the first 36 to 66 basic components of the orthonormal basis.
- a number of 36 to 66 basic components has a favorable effect both with regard to the informative value of the basic coefficients obtained as a result and with regard to the memory requirement on the other hand.
- the data set can be compressed by a factor of 25 to 50.
- the height profile of the fill, and a reconstruction of this distribution using the determined base coefficients is already in the range of the grain size of the fill or .the resolution of the radar sensor. Since the reconstruction cannot be more precise than the original data set, the twelfth (radial) order in this particular example forms an upper limit for the number of basis components to be used.
- the set of basis coefficients is output to a storage device.
- the determined base coefficients can, for example, be made available at an interface and written to a storage medium. This enables the smelting process to be characterized in terms of its development over time. It is also possible to reconstruct the associated spatial distribution of the parameter values with the aid of a stored set of base coefficients.
- the smelting process is monitored on the basis of at least two sets of base coefficients output at different points in time. For example, it can be checked whether at least one of the base coefficients changes over time. If necessary, the strength of the change can be determined and used as a basis for monitoring.
- the reliance on the development of basic coefficients over time allows monitoring of the smelting process that is particularly resource-saving, in particular storage space-saving, in comparison to the use of the original data sets.
- a development over time of the set of basic coefficients possibly of at least one selected basic coefficient, deviates from a specified development over time. If necessary It can be checked whether the deviation has reached or exceeded a specified threshold value. Depending on the result of the test, measures to control the smelting process can then be initiated, for example.
- the smelting process is influenced based on the output set of basis coefficients.
- the smelting process possibly also a sub-process, can be slowed down or accelerated or otherwise controlled, in extreme cases even stopped, by initiating appropriate measures. Since an output set of basic coefficients corresponds to exactly one process parameter, the smelting process can also be influenced on a particularly small scale. As a result, not only can the operation of the blast furnace in which the smelting process takes place be optimized, but operational safety can also be improved.
- the spatial distribution of the parameter values is reconstructed on the basis of the base coefficients and the orthonormal base.
- the base components of the orthonormal basis can each be multiplied by a preferably stored base coefficient and added. If the original data record was in the form of an image, for example, this image can be reconstructed in good quality.
- the invention also relates to a device for characterizing a smelting process.
- the device has at least one sensor device which is set up for the spatially resolved detection of a process parameter of the smelting process and for generating a corresponding data set.
- a data processing device which is set up to generate an orthonormal representation of a spatial distribution based on the data set. to determine the development of parameter values in an orthonormal basis and to output a set of basis coefficients of the determined orthonormal representation.
- the sensor device can have a sensor, for example, which is set up to detect the process parameter within a spatial area.
- the sensor device can have a radar sensor that is set up to detect the height profile of the bed in a blast furnace shaft.
- the sensor device can have a sensor network of spatially distributed sensors, each of the sensors being set up for local detection of the process parameter.
- the sensor device can have temperature sensors arranged in and/or distributed around the blast furnace shaft, each of which is set up to detect a local temperature.
- the data processing device preferably has a computing unit, for example a processor, and a storage unit, for example a main memory.
- the data processing device is preferably set up to carry out mathematical operations on the data set in order to calculate the base coefficients from the orthonormal representation.
- the data processing device can accordingly be set up to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention, for example by carrying out a computer program loaded into the memory unit of the method according to the invention is carried out using the computing unit.
- the plant according to the invention for smelting metal ores has a blast furnace and a device according to the invention.
- the at least one sensor device of the device is arranged in the area of the blast furnace.
- the sensor device in particular at least one sensor of the sensor device, can be arranged in and/or on the blast furnace and set up to record characteristic process parameters for sub-processes of the smelting process taking place in the blast furnace, such as the reduction of components of the burden or the melting of metal ores capture.
- characteristic process parameters for sub-processes of the smelting process taking place in the blast furnace such as the reduction of components of the burden or the melting of metal ores capture.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a plant for smelting a metal ore
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a data record which characterizes a spatial distribution of parameter values of a process parameter of a smelting process
- the plant 1 shows an example of a plant 1 for smelting a metal ore 2.
- the plant 1 has a blast furnace 3, which can be charged with the metal ore 2, a reducing agent, such as coke, and optionally additives.
- a reducing agent such as coke
- additives In a shaft 4 of the blast furnace, the metal ore 2 , the reducing agent and, if appropriate, the additives form a burden, which is also referred to as a bed 5 .
- the system 1 also has a device 10 for characterizing a smelting process, which includes sensor devices 11, 11' and a data processing device 12.
- the sensor devices 11, 11' are arranged in the area of the blast furnace 3 and are each set up to detect a process parameter of the smelting process in a spatially resolved manner and to generate a corresponding data set.
- the data processing device 12 is set up to generate an orthonormal representation of a spatial distribution of parameter values of the to determine the process parameters in an orthonormal basis and to output a set of base coefficients of the determined orthonormal representation.
- the sensor device 11 has a radar sensor 13 which is arranged at the upper end of the shaft 4 and is set up to record a height profile of the fill 5 .
- the sensor device 11 can determine measured values for the height of the fill at a number of points in space within the shaft 4 and can output them in the form of a data record, for example an image.
- the data record can be viewed as a function whose function value—the fill level—depends on the coordinates within a cross section through the shaft 4 .
- the function can be encoded in the intensity of individual image values (pixels).
- the further sensor device 11' has a sensor network of temperature sensors 14, of which only two are provided with a reference symbol for reasons of clarity.
- the temperature sensors 14 are arranged along the wall of the blast furnace 3 and set up to detect a local temperature.
- the sensor device 11' can output the temperatures in the form of a further data set.
- This further data set can also be viewed as a function whose function value—in this case the temperature—depends on the coordinates on the lateral surface of shaft 4 .
- the data processing device 12 preferably has a computing unit (not shown) with which the data sets of the sensor devices 11, 11' can be evaluated.
- a computer program loaded into a memory unit (not shown) of the data processing device 12 can, for example, prompt the processing unit to break down the data records into a linear combination of basic components of an orthonormal basis.
- the resulting shares, which are the basic components in the data set, ie in the spatial distribution of the respective parameter values, can be output by the data processing device 12, for example via an interface 15, in the form of base coefficients.
- the base coefficients can be understood as weighting of the base components.
- the interface 15 can be embodied, for example, as a monitor on which a user can read the base coefficients and thereby draw conclusions about the smelting process in the blast furnace 3 . If necessary, the user can also initiate measures on the basis of the output base coefficients in order to steer the smelting process in a different, desired direction.
- the device 10 also includes a memory device 16.
- the data processing device 12 is preferably set up to output the ascertained base coefficients not only via the interface 15 to a user, but also to the memory device 16.
- the base coefficients determined can thus be stored in the memory device 16 and, for example, be compared with base coefficients determined at a later point in time. This allows conclusions to be drawn about the course of the smelting process over time.
- the data processing device 12 outputs the determined base coefficients to a control device (not shown) for controlling the smelting process in the blast furnace 3 .
- the control device can be set up, for example, to influence the charging of the blast furnace 3 with the metal ore 2, the reducing agent and, if appropriate, the additives on the basis of the basic coefficients output to it.
- the control device can be set up to influence the spatial distribution of the metal ore 2, the reducing agent and, if appropriate, the additives on the basis of the base coefficients.
- the control device is preferably set up for this purpose, for example a to control the chute accordingly.
- the control device can also be set up to regulate an air supply into the shaft 4 on the basis of the determined base coefficients, to adapt cooling of the wall of the shaft 4 and/or the like. This allows the smelting process to be reliably automated.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a data record 20 which characterizes a spatial distribution 21 of parameter values 22 of a process parameter of a smelting process.
- the process parameter in the present example is the fill level or height Z of a bed or burden column in a shaft of a blast furnace (see FIG. 1), which extends across the cross section of the shaft, i. H. in the X-Y plane, varies. This means that the bed height Z assumes different parameter values 22 depending on the X and Y coordinates. For reasons of clarity, only one of the parameter values 22 is provided with a reference number in FIG.
- the data set 20 shown in FIG. 2 can be generated using a 2D radar measurement, for example. Due to the finite (spatial) resolution of a corresponding radar sensor, no continuous distribution can be determined. Rather, a grid is defined by the resolution of the radar sensor, on which the measured parameter values 22 are present.
- the grid can also be defined by the arrangement of the number of sensors. In principle, therefore, the parameter values 22 can also be present on an irregular grid.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a method 100 for characterizing a smelting process.
- a data set is provided that characterizes a spatial distribution of a plurality of parameter values of a process parameter of the smelting process.
- Such a data record can be provided, for example, by a sensor device that is set up for spatially resolved detection of the process parameter.
- the data set can be made available to the sensor device in the form of sensor data in particular.
- Such a data set may be loaded from a memory, for example when a smelting process is analyzed at a later point in time.
- the data set can be adapted to a geometry of an orthonormal basis, for example by a coordinate transformation.
- the data set is preferably transformed into a polar coordinate system.
- the basic components are functions of radius, polar angle and azimuth angle, the data set is preferably transformed into a spherical coordinate system.
- an orthonormal basis which is adapted to a geometry of the data set can also be selected in a method step S2b.
- an orthonormal basis is preferably chosen whose basis components are functions of radius and (polar) angle.
- an orthonormal basis is preferably chosen whose basic components are functions of radius, polar angle and azimuth angle.
- an orthonormal representation in the orthonormal basis is determined on the basis of the data set, which may have been coordinate-transformed. For example, the data set can be broken down into a linear combination of basic components of the orthonormal basis.
- the data set can be defined as a linear combination of basic components, which are given here, for example, by the so-called Zernike polynomials. are given, are represented: a nm are the Zernike coefficients, n indicates the so-called "radial order” and m the so-called "axial order”.
- the parameter values f are initially represented purely formally as an infinite series by the sum of the Zernike polynomials, multiplied by the Zernike coefficients.
- the Zernike coefficients a nm can be understood as base coefficients and form a weighting of the Zernike polynomials .
- the basis coefficients represent a strength of the share of the respective basis component in the distribution f(r, ⁇ ) of the parameter values.
- the basis coefficients can be determined by direct integration: where R is the radius of the area within which the parameter values are distributed. In terms of computation, however, it can be easier to determine the basis coefficients or Zernike coefficients a nm using an overdetermined system of equations. This can be obtained by stopping the expansion of the series formed by the Zernike polynomials after N terms: where the Zernike polynomials Zj(r t ,0 t ) are calculated only at grid points i of a defined grid (see FIG. 2).
- minimization norms other than the Euclidean norm described here as an example are also conceivable, for example the so-called sum norm (1 norm).
- the basis or Zernike coefficients can also be obtained with the additional help of a so-called QR decomposition of the matrix Z.
- the QR decomposition can provide the benefit of higher numerical stability when the system of equations has poor numerical conditioning.
- a set of basic coefficients preferably all basic coefficients previously determined in method step S3, is output.
- the base coefficients can be output to a controller.
- the smelting process can then be controlled on the basis of the basic coefficients that have been output.
- the (original) spatial distribution of the parameter values can be determined in a further method step S6 on the basis of the set of basic coefficients stored in a memory device in method step S4, for example or the (original) data record is reconstructed.
- the basic coefficients can be combined with the respective basic component, i. H. for example with the respective Zernike polynomial.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a set of basic coefficients a j .
- the base coefficients a j shown result from a 2D radar measurement of the height profile of a bed or burden column in the shaft of a blast furnace (see FIG. 1).
- the distribution shown is characteristic of the measured height profile of the bed and thus of the smelting process.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Blast Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20208398.6A EP4001440A1 (de) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Charakterisierung eines verhüttungsprozesses |
| PCT/EP2021/081961 WO2022106454A1 (de) | 2020-11-18 | 2021-11-17 | Charakterisierung eines verhüttungsprozesses |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4247984A1 true EP4247984A1 (de) | 2023-09-27 |
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| EP20208398.6A Withdrawn EP4001440A1 (de) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Charakterisierung eines verhüttungsprozesses |
| EP21807137.1A Pending EP4247984A1 (de) | 2020-11-18 | 2021-11-17 | Charakterisierung eines verhüttungsprozesses |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP20208398.6A Withdrawn EP4001440A1 (de) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Charakterisierung eines verhüttungsprozesses |
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| WO (1) | WO2022106454A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2578293B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-03 | 1997-02-05 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 高炉プロセス時系列解析装置 |
| KR101704982B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-29 | 2017-02-08 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 이상 검지 방법 및 고로 조업 방법 |
| JP6617767B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2019-12-11 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高炉炉況状態判定装置、高炉の操業方法、及び、高炉炉況状態判定方法 |
| KR102075210B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-19 | 2020-02-07 | 주식회사 포스코 | 노황 관리 장치 및 방법 |
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2020
- 2020-11-18 EP EP20208398.6A patent/EP4001440A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2021
- 2021-11-17 WO PCT/EP2021/081961 patent/WO2022106454A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-17 EP EP21807137.1A patent/EP4247984A1/de active Pending
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| EP4001440A1 (de) | 2022-05-25 |
| WO2022106454A1 (de) | 2022-05-27 |
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