EP4247544A1 - Appareil photoréacteur à del uv et procédés associés - Google Patents

Appareil photoréacteur à del uv et procédés associés

Info

Publication number
EP4247544A1
EP4247544A1 EP21836266.3A EP21836266A EP4247544A1 EP 4247544 A1 EP4247544 A1 EP 4247544A1 EP 21836266 A EP21836266 A EP 21836266A EP 4247544 A1 EP4247544 A1 EP 4247544A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction vessel
reactant solution
leds
reaction
photoreactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21836266.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pavlina HORAKOVA
Tomas Holas
Cvak LADISLAV
Eduard POLÁK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teva Czech Industries sro
Original Assignee
Teva Czech Industries sro
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teva Czech Industries sro filed Critical Teva Czech Industries sro
Publication of EP4247544A1 publication Critical patent/EP4247544A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D457/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing indolo [4, 3-f, g] quinoline ring systems, e.g. derivatives of ergoline, of the formula:, e.g. lysergic acid
    • C07D457/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing indolo [4, 3-f, g] quinoline ring systems, e.g. derivatives of ergoline, of the formula:, e.g. lysergic acid with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 8
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00186—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the composition of the reactive mixture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0801—Controlling the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0869—Feeding or evacuating the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0871—Heating or cooling of the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0877—Liquid

Definitions

  • the present technique relates to the field of photoreactors.
  • Photoreactors are apparatuses in which photochemical reactions are facilitated and performed, for example by way of a vessel to contain reactants and a light source to irradiate reactants in the vessel, in order to produce a reaction product.
  • the photoreactor consumes power when in operation. As a system is scaled up to produce larger quantities of reaction product, the consumed power can become relatively large.
  • the final reaction product may not be pure, but may exist in a mixture with contaminant impurities including products of reactions other than the desired reaction.
  • At least some examples provide a photoreactor apparatus comprising: a reaction vessel; an intake configured to receive a reactant solution and supply the reactant solution to the reaction vessel, the reactant solution comprising lysergic acid or a salt, ester or derivative thereof; a light source, the light source comprising one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, configured to irradiate the interior of the reaction vessel, the one or more LEDs having a peak emission wavelength within the ultraviolet range; and an outlet configured to allow a reaction product to flow from the reaction vessel.
  • a light source comprising one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, having a peak emission wavelength within
  • a light source comprising: a housing configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation; one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, disposed within the housing and having: a peak emission wavelength within the range of 350 nanometres to 380 nanometres; and negligible emission at wavelengths less than 325 nanometres, and a mounting for attachment to a photoreactor apparatus.
  • a photoreactor apparatus comprising: a reaction vessel; an intake configured to receive a reactant solution and supply the reactant solution to the reaction vessel; a light source, the light source comprising one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, configured to irradiate the interior of the reaction vessel, the one or more LEDs having a peak emission wavelength within the ultraviolet range; and an outlet configured to allow a reaction product to flow from the reaction vessel, wherein the light source is configured to provide a flux of more than 750 mW, and preferably more than 800 mW, at 25°C.
  • Figure 1 depicts an apparatus according to an example.
  • Figure 2 depicts a potential configuration of the apparatus of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows two steps of a chemical process according to an example.
  • Figure 4 depicts an apparatus according to an example.
  • Figure 5 depicts a reaction vessel according to an example.
  • Figure 6 illustrates emission and absorption spectra of example light sources and reaction substances.
  • Figures 7A and 7B depict example flow modes which may be implemented in systems according to the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 depicts a method according to an example.
  • a photoreactor apparatus comprises a reaction vessel in which a photoreaction is to occur, and an intake configured to receive a reactant solution.
  • the reactant solution comprises lysergic acid or a salt, ester or derivative thereof.
  • the reactant solution may for example comprise lysergic acid methylester (LAME).
  • the reactant solution may also comprise lysergic acid.
  • the apparatus comprises a light source comprising one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, configured to irradiate the interior of the reaction vessel.
  • the one or more LEDs have a peak emission wavelength within the ultraviolet range.
  • the light source may for example be configured to facilitate the reaction by photomethoxylation of methylester of lysergic acid (LAME, an example reactant) to form LUME, as described in more detail below.
  • the reaction may be a step of a wider process, for example to produce Nicergoline.
  • the apparatus further comprises an outlet configured to allow a reaction product (for example LUME) to flow from the reaction vessel.
  • a reaction product for example LUME
  • the present apparatus provides significant advantages. For example, LEDs have a significantly lower power consumption and longer lifespan than many other photoreactor light sources (for example fluorescent tubes), and thus the present apparatus has a lower power consumption than comparative examples in which such alternative light sources are used. As an example, the time until a given LED has a 30% chance of burnout may be approximately 43000 hours when operated at a current of 500 mA.
  • LEDs can be configured to emit a relatively narrow wavelength range, corresponding to the desired reaction. This can improve the purity of the desired reaction product by reducing the incidence of other, undesired, reaction products. For example, if the desired reaction occurs when the reactant solution is irradiated with light at a given wavelength, and the undesired reaction producing the undesired product occurs when irradiated with light at a different wavelength, a light source with high intensity at the given wavelength and low intensity at other wavelengths will improve the purity of the reaction product. This can be achieved by way of an LED light source which emits light in a narrow range such that emission is high at the wavelength associated with the desired reaction and low at wavelengths associated with the undesired reaction.
  • a further advantage is that, provided that the LEDs are connected in parallel, failure of a single LED will not cause total failure of the apparatus but instead will merely cause a proportional reduction in the amount of light that is output. The apparatus can thus continue to operate.
  • LEDs can avoid the use of hazardous materials, relative to comparative systems in which for example low pressure mercury lamps are used.
  • the use of mercury in this manner may be restricted or otherwise undesirable, and the presently disclosed use of LEDs averts this.
  • the LEDs have a peak emission wavelength within the range of 350 nanometres, nm, to 380 nm.
  • the emission may be negligible at wavelengths less than 325 nm or, preferably, negligible at wavelengths less than 340 nm.
  • This can reduce the impurity quantity.
  • this can significantly reduce the production of the undesirable DHLAME impurity (as described in more detail below).
  • “negligible” means a value that is functionally equivalent to zero, or can be considered as zero for practical purposes. For example, the value may be so close to zero as to cause no measurable effect, or to not be measurably distinct from zero.
  • the apparatus comprises a flow controller configured to circulate the reactant solution through the reaction vessel.
  • the flow controller may repeatedly circulate the reactant solution, in order to increase the amount of time for which the solution is exposed to the light from the light source.
  • the flow controller may circulate the reactant solution only once through the reaction vessel. This efficiently allows a continuous production of the reaction product, as opposed to repeatedly circulating a single batch of reactant solution, before extracting that batch and repeating with further batches.
  • the apparatus may comprise a reaction product analysis unit configured to measure an amount or concentration of the reaction product and, responsive to the amount or concentration exceeding a threshold, cause the outlet to allow the reaction product to flow from the reaction vessel.
  • the reactant solution can thus be circulated until a desired concentration of reaction product is achieved, after which the reaction product is extracted. The final concentration of reaction product can thus be effectively controlled.
  • the apparatus comprises a flow controller configured to control a flow rate, for example a predefined flow rate, of the reaction solution from the intake to the outlet.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a reaction product analysis unit configured to measure an amount or concentration of the reaction product at the outlet, wherein the flow controller is configured to control the flow rate based on the measured amount or concentration and a target amount or concentration.
  • the flow rate can thus be controlled so that reaction product at the outlet has the target concentration. This allows the output concentration to be controlled even in the example in which the reactant solution is only passed a single time through the reaction vessel such that reaction product is continually produced.
  • the light source is disposed within a housing, said housing being configured to contain an inertisation agent such as an inert gas, for example gaseous nitrogen or argon.
  • an inertisation agent such as an inert gas, for example gaseous nitrogen or argon.
  • the housing may comprise a UV-transparent material such as quartz glass, to allow the emitted light to enter the reaction vessel and thereby irradiate the reactant solution.
  • the apparatus may comprise a cooling system configured to cool the one or more LEDs, for example a water cooling system or other cooling system. This can improve the efficiency of operation of the LED light source.
  • the apparatus may comprise an LED controller configured to control an output power of the one or more LEDs by pulse width modulation. This allows the intensity of output light to be controlled, for example as a trade-off between energy consumption and reaction rate. Furthermore, some LEDs decrease in light intensity over time. This can be compensated by controlling the output power. This may for example be automatically performed by the apparatus.
  • a method comprising receiving a reactant solution into a reaction vessel, the reactant solution comprising lysergic acid or a salt, ester or derivative thereof.
  • the reactant solution may comprise lysergic acid methylester (LAME).
  • LAME lysergic acid methylester
  • the reactant solution is then irradiated within the reaction vessel, said irradiating being performed by a light source comprising one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, having a peak emission wavelength within the ultraviolet range.
  • the reaction product is then extracted from the reaction vessel.
  • the reaction product may be a compound of the formula depicted below, or a salt, ester or derivative thereof, for example a methylester thereof
  • a system comprising one or more photoreactor apparatuses as set out above.
  • the system further comprises a preparation apparatus configured to produce a reactant solution comprising lysergic acid or a salt, ester or derivative thereof, and to provide the reactant solution to an intake or intakes of said one or more photoreactor apparatuses.
  • the system additionally comprises a post-reaction apparatus configured to receive a reaction product from an outlet or outlets of said one or more photoreactor apparatuses, and to perform a post-reaction purification to purify the reaction product.
  • the one or more photoreactor apparatus may comprise a plurality of photoreactor apparatuses arranged in parallel, or in series, or a combination thereof.
  • a parallel arrangement allows the quantity of reaction product to be increased by simultaneously operation of the parallel apparatuses.
  • a serial arrangement allows the output of one apparatus to be provided as the input to the next apparatus, thereby increasing the final quantity of reaction product.
  • a light source which may for example be configured to operate within a photoreactor apparatus as set out above.
  • the light source may comprise a housing configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation, or a housing may be provided by a photoreactor apparatus in which the light source is installed.
  • the light source further comprises one or more LEDs disposed within the housing and having a peak emission wavelength within the range of 350 nanometres to 380 nanometres, and negligible emission at wavelengths less than 325 nanometres. This may be optimised to increase the reaction rate of LAME into LUME, whilst reducing the reaction of LUME into DHLUME, as described in more detail below.
  • the light source further comprises a mounting for attachment to a photoreactor apparatus such as those described above.
  • a photoreactor apparatus comprising a reaction vessel, an intake configured to receive a reactant solution and supply the reactant solution to the reaction vessel, a light source, and an outlet configured to allow a reaction product to flow from the reaction vessel.
  • the light source comprises one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, configured to irradiate the interior of the reaction vessel, the one or more LEDs having a peak emission wavelength within the ultraviolet range.
  • the light source is configured to provide a flux of more than 750 mW, and preferably more than 800 mW, at 25°C. The use of such a high-power light source can facilitate reaction rates significantly higher than those achieved by comparative examples in which a lower power light source is used.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a photoreactor apparatus 100 according to an example of the present disclosure.
  • the photoreactor apparatus comprises a reaction vessel 105.
  • the reaction vessel has an intake 110, into which a reactant solution is received.
  • the reactant solution comprises lysergic acid or a salt, ester or derivative thereof.
  • the reactant solution may comprise additional or alternative ingredients.
  • the apparatus 105 comprises a light source 115.
  • the light source 115 comprises one or more light-emitting diodes, LEDs, 120 configured to irradiate the interior of the reaction vessel.
  • the LEDs 120 have a wavelength that is determined based on a desired reaction product to be produced from the reactant solution.
  • the LEDs have a peak emission wavelength in the ultraviolet, UV, range in order to cause the reaction of the aforementioned lysergic acid, which may be in the form of lysergic acid methylester, LAME) into LUME as described in more detail below.
  • the reactant solution travels through the reaction vessel 105 and is thereby irradiated by UV light from the LEDs 120 to produce the reaction product.
  • the apparatus 100 has an outlet 125 configured to allow a reaction product to flow from the reaction vessel.
  • Figure 2 shows one potential configuration 200 of the apparatus 100 of Figure 1.
  • the reaction vessel 205 has a cylindrical shape, with an intake pipe 210 near the base and an outlet pipe 225 near the top.
  • the reactant solution may for example be pumped through the reaction vessel 205 from the intake 210 to the outlet 225 by a pump (not shown).
  • the light source 215 is located within a cylindrical housing in the centre of the cylindrical reaction vessel 205. This configuration allows the LEDs to efficiently irradiate the reactant solution in a full 360 degrees about the longitudinal axis.
  • the light source 215 may be configured such that the LEDs and accompanying circuitry can be removed from the reaction vessel, for example for repair or replacement.
  • the light source 215 may be removably positioned within a cavity. The cavity may extend through the whole body of the reaction vessel 205 and thereby allow access from both ends of the reaction vessel 205. Cooling of the light source 215 can thus be improved.
  • Figure 3 shows two steps of a process for producing LUME. A specific example of how this process can be performed will now be described, but one skilled in the art will appreciate that other methods for performing the illustrated reaction also fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the synthesis starts with the dissolution of lysergic acid, LA, in 5% methanolic solution of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, to produce LAME.
  • the LAME is then irradiated in a photoreactor according to the present disclosure. The irradiation may for example be performed for an average duration of 35 hours. The irradiation causes photomethoxylation of the LAME, to produce LUME.
  • Figure 3 also shows two potential configurations of DHLAME, an undesirable impurity in the reaction product which is produced by irradiation of LUME. Examples of the present disclosure provide reduced production of DHLAME, as described in more detail below.
  • the LUME is then isolated (not represented in Figure 3). This can be performed by neutralising the acidic reaction mixture by ammonia gas, or another base such as potassium carbonate, and treating the reaction mixture with activated charcoal. The neutralised and treated reaction mixture is then thickened by distillation to approximately one third of its prior volume. After this, the distillation residue is treated with toluene, aqueous ammonia solution and water. When the water is added, the mixture is immediately cooled to 0-5°C. When it reaches this temperature, it is allowed to crystallize for 4 hours. The solids are then centrifuged off and washed with the mixture of water and toluene, thereby leading to relatively pure LUME.
  • a final product such as Nicergoline from the LUME.
  • these further steps include methylation on the nitrogen of the indol cyclus to obtain MeLUME, which esteric group is subsequently reduced on primal alcohol (MeLUOL).
  • MeLUOL primal alcohol
  • Nicergoline is produced by reaction of MeLUOL with 5- bromonicotinic acid chloride.
  • FIG. 4 shows an apparatus 400 for production of LUME, according to an example of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 400 comprises a reaction vessel 405, which may for example be the reaction vessel of Figure 1 or Figure 2.
  • a light source apparatus 415 comprising four LED arrays 420 on each side of the light source apparatus 415, for a total of sixteen arrays, and an LED driver 423.
  • the light source apparatus 415 is located in an inert atmosphere, for example nitrogen gas, contained within a UV-transparent quartz glass housing 425. This prevents penetration of humidity, and also prevents penetration of reactant solution and/or reaction product within the LEDs, which could cause damage.
  • the reaction vessel 405 may further comprise a UV-safe external housing, to protect workers or bystanders from exposure to residual UV radiation.
  • the housing may also be configured to be explosion-safe.
  • the apparatus 400 comprises a LAME source 430.
  • the LAME may be provided to the LAME source from a pre-reaction unit 435, which may for example produce the LAME from LA as described above in relation to Figure 3.
  • the LAME is pumped from the LAME source 430 to an intake of the reaction vessel 405 by a pump 440.
  • the LAME is pumped through the reaction vessel, within which it is at least partially converted by photomethoxylation to LUME.
  • the reaction product is then pumped out of an outlet of the reaction vessel 405 to a UV spectrometer 445.
  • the UV spectrometer 445 analyses the LUME content in the reaction product. Based on this analysis, the speed of the pump 440 may be adjusted. For example, if the LUME content is lower than a threshold, the pump 440 may be slowed so that a given quantum of LAME spends more time in the reaction vessel 405, thereby increasing the content of LUME that is produced from a given quantity of LAME. Conversely, if the LUME content is higher than the threshold, the pump speed may be increased, thereby increasing the quantity of LAME which is pumped through the reaction vessel 405 in a given time period. The pump speed can thus be optimised, for example to maximise LUME production. [0052] Alternatively or additionally, the reaction rate can be controlled by controlling the output power of the LED arrays 420. This may for example be performed by varying the current provided to the LEDs, either by linearly varying the supplied current or by applying pulsewidth modulation.
  • the LUME product 450 (along with impurities) is then collected.
  • the product may, in some examples, be returned to the LAME source 430 for recirculation through the reaction vessel 405.
  • Post-reaction steps may be performed at a post-reaction unit 455, for example to isolate and purify the LUME and subsequently produce Nicergoline (as explained above in relation to Figure 3).
  • the LED arrays 420 are more energy efficient than, for example, fluorescent tubes, they still produce heat and can thus become damaged.
  • the light source apparatus 415 is water cooled. Water is circulated via pipe 460 to cooling apparatus 465 which may for example comprise a thermostat to ensure that a desired temperature is maintained.
  • the light source apparatus 415 may also comprise a thermo detector 470 to monitor the temperature thereof and thereby adjust the water cooling. The lifespan of the LED arrays 420 is thus improved.
  • Figure 5 depicts a more detailed representation of a reaction vessel 505, which may for example be used in the systems of Figures 1, 2 and 4.
  • the reaction vessel 505 comprises an inlet 510 for receiving a reactant solution, and an outlet 525 for outputting a reaction product.
  • the reaction vessel 505 further comprises a cavity 530 into which a light source apparatus can be inserted.
  • the reaction vessel 505 further comprises a helical mixer. However, other implementations do not implement such a mixer.
  • Figure 6 depicts example emission spectra of a presently disclosed LED light source and a comparative example of a mercury lamp. It can be seen that the LED spectrum has a narrower emission peak than that of the mercury lamp. Specifically, the emission is low at wavelengths outside the range of 350 - 380 nm (nanometres), and is negligible below 340 nm.
  • Figure 6 further depicts absorption spectra of LAME and LUME. As noted above, LUME is produced by UV photoreaction of LAME. However, the undesirable DHLAME impurity is produced by further UV photoreaction of LUME.
  • LED emission spectrum has a smaller overlap with the LAME absorption spectrum than the mercury lamp emission spectrum.
  • LEDs according to the present disclosure can be configured to have a radiometric power around 130 times greater than that of a comparative mercury lamp.
  • the LED light source may advantageously be configured to provide a flux of more than 750 milliwatts (mW) or, even more advantageously, a flux of more than 800 mW.
  • mW milliwatts
  • Systems according to the present disclosure can thus produce a satisfactory yield, which may for example be comparable to that of a comparative system incorporating a mercury lamp.
  • the LED light source may be configured to provide a radiometric flux of between 810 mW and 857 mW at 25°C and a peak emission wavelength of 365 nm (as measured within 1-2 cm of the LED lens).
  • FIGS 7A and 7B schematically depict two flow modes which may be implemented within the present disclosure. Each of these figures depicts a photoreactor vessel 705 configured as described elsewhere in the present disclosure.
  • reactant solution is provided from a source 710, and circulated through the photoreactor 705 until a desired concentration of reaction product has been produced. This allows production of batches of reaction product.
  • a reactant solution is provided from a source 715 and passed a single time through to the photoreactor 705 to an output 720.
  • the output concentration of reaction product can be varied by adjusting the flow rate through the photoreactor (for example as described in more detail above in relation to Figure 4). This allows continuous production of reaction product.
  • Both flow modes therefore allow for control of the reaction rate, for example to produce a desired quantity of reaction product within a desired time or with a desired efficiency.
  • multiple photoreactors 705 are provided. These may be connected in series or in parallel, using either of the above-described flow modes. The system can thus be effectively scaled to increased production capacities.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a method according to an example of the present disclosure. The method may for example be performed by a photoreactor apparatus as described elsewhere herein.
  • reactant solution is received into a reaction vessel.
  • the reactant solution comprises lysergic acid or a salt, ester or derivative thereof.
  • the reactant solution is irradiated within the reaction vessel.
  • the irradiation is performed by a light source comprising one or more LEDs having a peak emission wavelength within the UV range.
  • a reaction product is extracted from the reaction vessel.
  • the words “configured to...” are used to mean that an element of an apparatus has a configuration able to carry out the defined operation.
  • a “configuration” means an arrangement or manner of interconnection of hardware or software.
  • the apparatus may have dedicated hardware which provides the defined operation, or a processor or other processing device may be programmed to perform the function. “Configured to” does not imply that the apparatus element needs to be changed in any way in order to provide the defined operation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Des aspects de la présente divulgation concernent un appareil photoréacteur comprenant une cuve de réaction ; une admission, conçue pour recevoir une solution de réactifs comprenant de l'acide lysergique ou un sel, un ester ou un dérivé associé, à introduire dans la cuve de réaction ; une source lumineuse comprenant une ou plusieurs diodes électroluminescentes, DEL, conçues pour éclairer l'intérieur de la cuve de réaction et à longueur d'onde d'émission maximale dans la plage des ultraviolets ; et une sortie, conçue pour permettre à un produit de réaction de s'écouler de la cuve de réaction.
EP21836266.3A 2020-11-17 2021-11-12 Appareil photoréacteur à del uv et procédés associés Pending EP4247544A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202063114582P 2020-11-17 2020-11-17
PCT/US2021/059046 WO2022108833A1 (fr) 2020-11-17 2021-11-12 Appareil photoréacteur à del uv et procédés associés

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4247544A1 true EP4247544A1 (fr) 2023-09-27

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Country Link
EP (1) EP4247544A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022108833A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8506886B2 (en) * 2007-06-20 2013-08-13 Uvcleaning Systems, Inc. Ultraviolet photoreactor for the purification of fluids
ITSA20080012A1 (it) * 2008-05-29 2009-11-30 Univ Degli Studi Salerno Fotoreattore catalitico ad alta efficienza di illuminazione per processi intensificati di fotossidazione
WO2011050345A1 (fr) * 2009-10-23 2011-04-28 Gonano Technologies, Inc. Matériaux catalyseurs pour reformer du dioxyde de carbone et dispositifs, systèmes et procédés correspondants
SG11201700644SA (en) * 2014-07-28 2017-02-27 Typhon Treat Systems Ltd A method, system and apparatus for treatment of fluids
CN108778485A (zh) * 2016-01-19 2018-11-09 英属哥伦比亚大学 用于uv-led光反应器的散热设备和方法
US20190014790A1 (en) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-17 Lida Aghdam Dairy products from human mother's milk
EP3655151A4 (fr) * 2017-07-19 2021-03-24 The University of British Columbia Photoréacteurs del uv à rayonnement et hydrodynamique commandés et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de ceux-ci

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