EP4247543A1 - Dispositif de synthèse colinéaire de nanoparticules par pyrolyse laser, système et procédé associés - Google Patents
Dispositif de synthèse colinéaire de nanoparticules par pyrolyse laser, système et procédé associésInfo
- Publication number
- EP4247543A1 EP4247543A1 EP21811354.6A EP21811354A EP4247543A1 EP 4247543 A1 EP4247543 A1 EP 4247543A1 EP 21811354 A EP21811354 A EP 21811354A EP 4247543 A1 EP4247543 A1 EP 4247543A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- longitudinal axis
- nanoparticles
- channel
- window
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000001725 laser pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011852 carbon nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/121—Coherent waves, e.g. laser beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/42—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations this sub-group includes the fluidised bed subjected to electric or magnetic fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00761—Discharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
Definitions
- TITLE Device for the coli synthesis of nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis, associated system and process.
- the present invention relates to the field of the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis.
- Nanoparticle synthesis devices by laser pyrolysis are known.
- Laser pyrolysis typically uses, and as is the case in the aforementioned references, a reactor in which a laser beam interacts, at right angles, with a flow of carrier gas comprising a precursor of nanoparticles.
- This configuration has the great advantage of decorrelating the management of the laser beam (optics) from that of the flow of precursors (fluid mechanics), which facilitates implementation.
- the flow of precursors is very generally vertical (from top to bottom or from bottom to top) and the laser beam is very generally horizontal.
- the interaction allows the thermal decomposition of the precursor (pyrolysis) when it effectively absorbs the laser radiation (generally at 10.6 pm). Otherwise, a so-called sensitizer gas is introduced into the carrier gas at the same time as the precursors so as to absorb the laser radiation more effectively.
- the decomposition products of the precursors can then interact with each other to trigger the nucleation and growth of gas-phase nanoparticles.
- the duration of the interaction has a decisive influence on the temperature and the time of synthesis, and therefore on the products formed. It is determined in part by the residence time of the carrier gas flow comprising at least the nanoparticle precursors in the laser beam, this residence time also depending on the local speed of the carrier gas flow and the distance traveled by this flow. of carrier gas in the laser beam. Typically, this distance is of the order of a millimeter in the case of a focused laser beam, and of the order of a centimeter in the case of an unfocused laser beam. With a carrier gas flow velocity typically of the order of m/s, we have very short residence times, typically of the order of 1 ms to 10 ms.
- the adjustment parameters described above are generally sufficient to have access to a formation of varied products, in kind and in size. However, in some cases, the synthesis turns out to be very sensitive to the slightest variation in the synthesis parameters, making good control of the reproducibility difficult.
- This difficulty is accentuated when the use of a sensitizing gas is made necessary by the fact that the precursors absorb little or no laser radiation.
- This is for example the case for the syntheses of carbon nanoparticles (C) containing nitrogen (N) and Iron (Fe) or Cobalt (Co) during which ammonia (NH3), in gaseous form , is used both as a sensitizing gas and as a nitrogen source.
- This sensitizing gas effectively absorbs the laser radiation.
- the nanoparticle precursors are then heated by collisions with (gaseous) ammonia molecules excited at high vibrational levels, and by the resulting radicals.
- the thermal bath necessary for the dissociation of the precursors is therefore set up gradually and indirectly. If the residence time is too short, the dissociation may be incomplete.
- This type of sensitizing gas is for example used to obtain an electrocatalyst for the reduction of oxygen. In this respect, reference may be made to document EP 3 425 710 A1.
- One objective of the invention is to provide a device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis capable of providing a residence time of the flow of carrier gas comprising the precursors of nanoparticles, and where appropriate a sensitizing gas, in the laser beam, which is greater than with known devices.
- the invention proposes a device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis, characterized in that it comprises:
- At least one reactor in the form of a pipe provided with a longitudinal axis the reactor comprising, at a first end, a first window for a laser beam and, at a second end opposite the first end along the longitudinal axis of the reactor, a second window for the laser beam;
- an optical device comprising a laser arranged to emit a laser beam able to propagate in the reactor from one window to the other along the direction defined by the longitudinal axis of the reactor;
- the first channel provided with a longitudinal axis, being arranged so that its longitudinal axis defines, with the longitudinal axis of the reactor, an angle A Oi which is acute but not zero, and the reactor outlet being arranged so that the second channel is able to recover the nanoparticles thus formed, by laser pyrolysis, in the flow of carrier gas after a collinear interaction of the flow of carrier gas with the laser beam on a defined interaction zone, along the longitudinal axis of the reactor , between the reactor inlet and outlet.
- the synthesis device is designed to ensure that the flow of carrier gas comprising the precursors of nanoparticles is collinear with the laser beam in a large part of the reactor.
- the residence time of the precursors in the laser beam can be increased considerably, in particular without modifying the fluence of the laser.
- the device according to the invention can allow relatively prolonged exposure of the nanoparticles to high temperatures. This allows an in-line annealing treatment of the nanoparticles which directly follows their synthesis. This annealing allows both the elimination of inactive sites, the appearance of new active sites on the surface of the nanoparticles, and possibly the increase of the porosity of the powders, and therefore of the specific surface.
- the electrochemical performance of the products is greatly improved.
- the device according to the invention may comprise at least one of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
- the second window is located at a distance, taken along the longitudinal axis of the reactor, from the reactor outlet which is greater than or equal to, and advantageously at least twice, a transverse dimension of the reactor, defined in a direction orthogonal to its longitudinal axis;
- the device further comprises a third channel opening into the reactor at the level of the second window of said reactor, said third channel thus being capable of bringing a flow of neutral gas to the level of the second window;
- the first window is located at a distance, taken along the longitudinal axis of the reactor, from the reactor inlet which is greater than or equal to a transverse dimension of the reactor, defined in a direction orthogonal to its longitudinal axis;
- the device further comprises a fourth channel opening into the reactor at the level of the first window of said reactor, said third channel thus being capable of bringing a flow of neutral gas to the level of the first window of the laser beam;
- the second channel provided with a longitudinal axis, is arranged so that its longitudinal axis defines, with the longitudinal axis of the reactor, an angle A 02 which is acute but not zero, or straight;
- the reactor has, at its inlet, a transverse dimension, defined in a direction orthogonal to its longitudinal axis, reduced, on the side opposite to said inlet, with respect to a transverse dimension of the reactor;
- the reactor has, at its outlet, a transverse dimension, defined in a direction orthogonal to its longitudinal axis, reduced, on the side opposite to said outlet, with respect to a transverse dimension of the reactor;
- the device further comprises at least one other first channel arranged to bring a flow of carrier gas comprising at least one precursor of nanoparticles into the reactor, said at least one other first channel being provided with a symmetrical longitudinal axis, by relative to the longitudinal axis of the reactor, the longitudinal axis of the first channel;
- the reactor comprises means arranged to channel, along the longitudinal axis of the reactor, the flow of carrier gas comprising the precursor of nanoparticles and/or the nanoparticles themselves;
- the means arranged to channel the flow of carrier gas comprising the precursor of nanoparticles and/or nanoparticles along the longitudinal axis of the reactor comprise a propeller arranged along an internal wall of the reactor and oriented along the longitudinal axis of the reactor.
- the invention also proposes a system for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis, comprising:
- At least one other device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis said devices being arranged in series.
- the system may include at least one of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
- said at least one other device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis comprises an outlet channel intended to recover nanoparticles and also forming an inlet channel for said device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis;
- said at least one other device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis is a device according to the invention.
- the invention also proposes a process for the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis, characterized in that it comprises the following steps, implemented in a reactor in the form of a pipe having a longitudinal axis arranged vertically, as well as at a first end , a first window for a laser beam and, at a second end opposite the first end along the longitudinal axis of the reactor, a second window for the laser beam:
- the process according to the invention may comprise at least one of the following characteristics or steps, taken alone or in combination:
- the pressure prevailing in the reactor is between 0.2 times atmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure, atmospheric pressure being taken under normal temperature and pressure conditions;
- the pressure prevailing in the reactor is between atmospheric pressure and 3 times atmospheric pressure, atmospheric pressure being taken under normal temperature and pressure conditions;
- step consisting in injecting a flow of neutral gas into the reactor, at least at the level of the second window.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation, according to a sectional view, of a device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a lower part of the device shown in Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is an enlarged view of an upper part of the device shown in Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a component of the device shown in Figure 1;
- Figure 5 is a sectional view of another device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 represents the aeraulic behavior of the device represented in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 represents the aeraulic behavior of the device represented in FIG. 1;
- Figure 8a is a perspective view of another component of the device shown in Figure 5;
- Figure 8b is another perspective view of the component shown in Figure 8a;
- FIG. 9 represents the aeraulic behavior of the device represented in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 10 represents the thermal behavior of the device represented in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 11 represents a system for synthesizing nanoparticles according to the invention comprising a device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis according to the invention in series with a device for synthesizing nanoparticles by known laser pyrolysis;
- FIG. 12 represents a system for synthesizing nanoparticles according to the invention comprising a device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis according to the invention in series with another device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis according to the invention.
- the invention proposes a DS device for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis.
- the device DS comprises a reactor R in the form of a pipe provided with a longitudinal axis X0, the reactor R comprising, at a first end PE, a first window FE for the entry of a laser beam FL into the reactor R and, at a second end DE opposite the first end along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, a second window FS for the output of the laser beam FL from the reactor R.
- the pipe forming the reactor R can advantageously be in the form of an axisymmetric pipe, for example a tube.
- the device DS also comprises an optical device DO comprising a laser L arranged to emit a laser beam FL able to propagate in the reactor R from the first window FE towards the second window FS in the direction defined by the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R.
- the device DS also comprises at least a first channel PC opening into the reactor R at a reactor inlet E P , the first channel PC, provided with a longitudinal axis X1, being arranged so that its longitudinal axis X1 defines , relative to the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, an acute angle A01.
- This angle A01 is for example represented in FIG. 1 and is defined from the axis X0 towards the axis X1.
- the angle being acute it is therefore understood that it is strictly less than 90°. In practice, and for reasons of size, this angle A Oi will however never be zero. Thus and typically, the angle A Oi could concretely be such that 10° ⁇ A Oi ⁇ 90°.
- the device finally comprises a second DC channel leaving the reactor R at the level of a reactor SNP output, which second DC channel is provided with a longitudinal axis X2.
- the first channel PC is thus capable of bringing into the reactor R, in order to synthesize the nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis, a flow of carrier gas FGP comprising at least one nanoparticle precursor and possibly a sensitizing gas.
- This flow of carrier gas is then able to interact collinearly with the laser beam FL along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R between the inlet E P and the outlet SNP of the reactor R.
- the interaction zone ZI between the beam laser FL and the flow of carrier gas FGP is defined between the inlet EP and the outlet SNP of the reactor R.
- the second channel DC is then capable of recovering, at the level of the outlet SNP of the reactor, the nanoparticles as well formed by laser pyrolysis in the flow of FGP carrier gas.
- the extent of the interaction zone ZI is of course to be defined with the design of the reactor R, in particular according to a range of flow rates of the FGP carrier gas flow to be considered in order to manage the residence time of the nanoparticle precursors, but also nanoparticles, in the FL laser beam. It is nevertheless understood that for a given flow rate of the flow of carrier gas as well as a given focusing of the laser beam, the device DS according to the invention can offer a much larger interaction zone ZI than that which is obtained with a conventional nanoparticle synthesis device, in which the flow of carrier gas and the laser beam are arranged orthogonally. Typically, a ratio of an order of magnitude can be obtained without difficulty on the residence time of the carrier gas flow in the laser beam with a DS device according to the invention compared to a so-called conventional nanoparticle synthesis device.
- the reactor R will be placed, in use, vertically and so that the flow of FGP carrier gas propagates upwards in the reactor R, namely from bottom to top. Indeed, in use, the reactor R is subjected to significant temperature gradients, which gives rise to a natural convection movement, by definition vertical upwards. It is therefore advantageous for the carrier gas flow (forced convection) to be in the same direction as the natural convection flow.
- a difficulty encountered with a device DS according to the invention is that the flow of carrier gas FGP, collinear with the direction X0 of propagation of the laser beam FL in the reactor R, is likely to cause deposits of nanoparticles on the second window FS , this window being in this case, in all of the appended figures, the window which is located after the SNP outlet, considering the direction of the flow of carrier gas FGP.
- This difficulty increases with the increase in the flow rate of the flow of FGP carrier gas and then limits the time during which a synthesis can be carried out, an operation for cleaning the second window FS then being necessary to continue to synthesize nanoparticles.
- the laser beam heats the nanoparticles deposited on the second window FS, the latter heats up and can crack, causing sealing problems; it can even melt, having lost its property of transparency to laser radiation because of the pollution of its surface brought by the deposits of particles.
- Nanoparticles can indeed, under certain conditions, for example by gravity or by a possible phenomenon of recirculation, reach this first window FE.
- the optical device DO and its laser L so that the laser beam FL propagates, in the reactor R, collinearly, but in the opposite direction to the flow of carrier gas FGP.
- the second window FS is used for the entry of the laser beam FL into the reactor R and the first window FE is used for the exit of the laser beam FL from the reactor R. This does not change anything to the comments which precede on the deposits that each window can suffer.
- the device DS can provide for installing the second window FS at a distance DFS, taken along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, from the SNP output of the reactor R which is greater than or equal to, and advantageously, the less double, to a transverse dimension DTM of the reactor R defined in a direction orthogonal to its longitudinal axis X0.
- the second window FS is found at a distance sufficiently far from the SNP outlet of the flow of carrier gas FGP, thus limiting the risks of deposition, in particular under high flow rate conditions, of nanoparticles on the window FS.
- the device DS may comprise a third channel TC opening into the reactor R at the level of the second window FS of the reactor R.
- This channel TC is then used to introduce a flow of inert gas FGN into the reactor R at the second FS window.
- the neutral gas introduced then makes it possible to form a protective cushion preventing or at least limiting the passage of the nanoparticles towards the second window FS.
- the inert gas used may in particular be Argon (Ar), or even Nitrogen (N2).
- the third channel TC may advantageously open into the reactor R via a distribution chamber CHD surrounding the reactor R and provided with a plurality of orifices OR1, OR2 arranged on a peripheral contour of the reactor R.
- a flow rate of neutral gas substantially greater than the flow rate of the flow of carrier gas FGP comprising said at least one precursor of nanoparticles, and optionally a sensitizing gas; and advantageously, a neutral gas flow at least twice that of the carrier gas flow.
- the device DS according to the invention may provide for installing the first window FE of the reactor R at a distance DFE, taken along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, from the upper or lower inlet E P of the reactor R. equal, and advantageously at least double, to the transverse dimension DT of the reactor, as defined previously.
- the device DS may comprise a fourth channel QC opening into the reactor R at the level of the first window FE of the reactor R.
- This channel QC is then used to introduce a flow of inert gas FGN into the reactor R at the level of the first window FE.
- the fourth channel QC can advantageously open into the reactor R via a distribution chamber CHD' surrounding the reactor R and provided with a plurality of orifices OR′1, OR′2 arranged on a peripheral contour of the reactor R. This design provides advantages similar to those described previously for the second window FS.
- this first window FE introducing a lower inert gas flow than that which should, if necessary, be introduced at the level of the second window FS.
- a flow rate of neutral gas at the level of the first window comparable to or greater than that of the flow rate of the flow of carrier gas introduced into the reactor R.
- the synthesis of the nanoparticles has the effect of producing an additional gas flow, that the speed of the gas flow increases with the effect of natural convection going in the same direction as the flow of carrier gas forced into the reactor R and the temperature is significantly higher at the level of the second window FS than at the level of the first window FE: a higher inert gas flow at the level of the second window FS than at the level of the first window FE is therefore useful.
- the device DS has, however, every interest in recovering a maximum of nanoparticles through its SNP outlet and this, for the sake of productivity, this concern having of course the consequence of limiting the flow of carrier gas and therefore of nanoparticles heading towards the second window FS or liable to accumulate on certain walls of the R reactor.
- the second DC channel can be arranged so that its longitudinal axis X2 defines, relative to the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, an acute or right angle A 02 . It is therefore understood that this angle is such that A 02 ⁇ 90°. This range of values is, surprisingly, relatively wide while ensuring very good recovery of the flow of carrier gas FGP with all that it contains, to take it to the collector COL. In practice, and for reasons of space, this angle A 02 will however never be zero. Thus and typically, the angle A 02 could concretely be such that 10° ⁇ A 02 ⁇ 90°.
- an angle A 02 such as 70° ⁇ At 02 ⁇ 90° and in particular such that 80° ⁇ A 02 ⁇ 90° allowed very good recovery of the carrier gas flow in the second DC channel, at the SNP outlet of reactor R.
- the redirection of the FGP carrier gas flow from reactor R to the second DC channel at the SNP outlet of reactor R can be improved by providing at its SNP outlet, a reactor R of transverse dimension DTS, defined in an orthogonal direction at its longitudinal axis X0, reduced, on the side opposite to said outlet SNP, with respect to a transverse dimension DTM of the reactor R.
- an insert INS can be provided, the external shape of which matches that of the internal wall of the reactor ( eg circular when the pipe forming the reactor is under the form of a hollow cylinder) and whose internal shape provides on one side an internal protrusion EXI, advantageously in the form of a chamfer, and, on the other hand, an orifice ORI whose dimensions are adapted to those of the outlet SNP of reactor R.
- an insert INS can be provided, the external shape of which matches that of the internal wall of the reactor (eg circular when the pipe forming the reactor is under the form of a hollow cylinder) and whose internal shape provides on one side an internal protrusion EXI, advantageously in the form of a chamfer, and, on the other hand, an orifice ORI whose dimensions are adapted to those of the outlet SNP of reactor R.
- an insert INS may be provided such as that which is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- another type of insert such as the insert INS' visible in FIG. 2, may be provided. for which the excrescence EXI 'has a section slightly different from the section of the excrescence EXI of the insert INS shown in Figure 4.
- this local narrowing of the transverse dimension DTE of the reactor R at the level of the inlet E P of the flow of carrier gas FGP in the reactor R has the effect of locally accelerating the speed of the flow of inert gas FGN when such a flow has been introduced close to the first window FE, which makes it possible to further improve the protection of this first window FE against any deposition of nanoparticles.
- this other first channel PC′ is provided with a longitudinal axis X'1 symmetrical, with respect to the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, of the longitudinal axis X1 of the first PC channel.
- This arrangement is for example visible in FIG. 5.
- the angle A′ Oi defined between the longitudinal axis X′1 of this other first channel PC′ and the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R is identical to the angle A Oi defined between the longitudinal axis.
- These structures STI have the function of channeling the flow of carrier gas FGP along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R. This can advantageously be done over the entire length of the interaction zone ZI between this flow and the laser beam FL and consequently relate to the nanoparticle precursor, where appropriate with its sensitizing gas, and the nanoparticles themselves once they have been formed by laser pyrolysis. As such, it is also a question of means making it possible to improve the collinearity of the flow of carrier gas FGP with the laser beam FL along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R.
- each structure STI is a diaphragm, a plurality of diaphragms thus being arranged successively along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, advantageously at regular intervals.
- the transverse dimension of the passage orifice can be worth approximately half of the transverse dimension DTM of the reactor R.
- a diaphragm can typically have a thickness of the order of mm.
- the various diaphragms which follow one another can be separated two by two by a distance generally comprised between the value of the transverse diameter DTM of the reactor R a few times this transverse dimension D T .
- FIGS. 8a and 8b show internal structures STI in the form of a helix HEL.
- This design implies that the outermost part of the carrier gas flow is then made to rotate following the propeller, which implies a confinement of the most central part of the carrier gas flow.
- This propeller may be composed of several identical sub-assemblies so as to facilitate its manufacture. In this case, the different elements are aligned one by one so as to obtain a continuity of geometry from one propeller to another.
- FIG. 8b sectional view
- the propellers can be dimensioned so as to ensure that a passage orifice is left, the transverse dimension of which is approximately half the transverse dimension DT of the reactor.
- the thickness of a propeller is typically of the order of mm.
- the pitch of the propeller can typically be 2 to 3 times the transverse dimension DTM of the reactor, even if other values are of course possible.
- the reactor R has the shape of a tube, and therefore constitutes an axisymmetric pipe.
- an axisymmetric reactor is of interest so that the flow of carrier gas is evenly distributed in the reactor section, even if it is not the only possible option.
- MR cooling means can be considered around the reactor, in particular along the zone of interaction ZI between the flow of carrier gas FGP and the laser beam FL. It is also possible, for the same reasons, to provide MR cooling means around the second DC channel, in particular near the SNP output of the reactor R.
- FIG. 9 there is shown a velocity field of a flow of carrier gas FGP in the device DS represented in FIG. 5, this device comprising all of the additional means making it possible to improve the collinearity of the flow of carrier gas FGP with the FL laser beam.
- the device DS is arranged vertically, therefore the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R is vertical.
- the FGP carrier gas flow is vertical upward as can be seen in Figure 9.
- Figure 10 the associated temperature field is shown.
- the carrier gas in this simulation comprises carbon nanoparticles (C) containing nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) in an argon carrier gas, as well as a sensitizing gas, in this case ammonia (NH 3 ).
- C carbon nanoparticles
- N nitrogen
- Fe iron
- a sensitizing gas in this case ammonia (NH 3 ).
- a flow of neutral gas FGN was introduced at the level of the second window FS, as well as at the level of the first window FE.
- the FGP carrier gas flow is indeed recovered in the second DC channel. It also appears that the neutral gas flow, visible in a so-called upper zone ZS located between the second window FS and the reactor SNP outlet, going from top to bottom (descending vertical) prevents the flow of carrier gas FGP from moving to the second FS window. Moreover, when we look at figure 10, we note that the temperature field is not impacted by the presence of gas in the upper zone ZS, which means that neither nanoparticles nor sensitizing gas (NH 3 ) are only present in this upper zone ZS. The consequence is that the second window FS is here protected from any phenomenon which can weaken it, in particular from the deposition of nanoparticles.
- Figure 10 also shows the excellent symmetry of the associated temperature field.
- This method comprises the following steps, implemented in a reactor R in the form of a pipe having a longitudinal axis X0 arranged vertically, as well as at a first end PE, a first window FE for a laser beam FL and, at a second end DE opposite the first end along the longitudinal axis X0 of the reactor R, a second window FS for the laser beam FL:
- the process according to the invention can be implemented in a wide range of pressures, and for example the pressure prevailing in the reactor can be between 0.2 times the atmospheric pressure and 3 times the atmospheric pressure.
- the process will be carried out at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure prevailing in the reactor R may be between 0.2 times atmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure. Indeed, performing the synthesis of nanoparticles at such pressures makes it possible, all other things being equal, to more easily have or maintain a flow of laminar FGP carrier gas flow.
- the pressure prevailing in the reactor R may be between atmospheric pressure and 3 times atmospheric pressure. This makes it possible to increase the number of collisions within the flow of carrier gas, and therefore to have a more efficient reaction.
- the method according to the invention may also comprise a step consisting in injecting into the reactor R, at least at the level of the second window FS of the reactor R, a flow of neutral gas FGN.
- the device DS for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis can be associated with other devices for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis.
- the invention proposes an SS system for the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis, comprising:
- the SS system according to the invention is a two-stage system (or two reactors) with a first stage formed by a device DS′ for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis which is conventional (carrier gas flow perpendicular to the laser beam) with however an output channel CS intended to recover nanoparticles which also forms the first channel PC for a second stage formed by a device DS for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis in accordance with the invention (collinear).
- This system can be used to synthesize nanoparticles in an entirely conventional manner, then use the second stage to carry out an annealing of the nanoparticles synthesized in the first stage.
- the first stage (conventional) is then used to manufacture the core and the second stage will make it possible to manufacture the shell, in particular for shells whose material requires the use of a sensitizing gas.
- the system SS according to the invention is a two-stage system with a first stage formed by a device DS for the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis in accordance with the invention (collinear) with an outlet channel intended to recover nanoparticles which also forms the first channel PC for a second stage formed by another device DS for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis in accordance with the invention (collinear).
- the SS system according to the invention is a two-stage system with a first stage formed by a device DS for synthesizing nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis in accordance with the invention (collinear) with an outlet channel intended to recover nanoparticles which also forms the first channel for a second stage formed by a device DS′ for synthesizing nanoparticles by conventional laser pyrolysis.
- This arrangement can in particular be used for the synthesis of core-shell type nanoparticles, the core being formed in the first stage and the shell in the second stage.
- the invention is particularly well suited to the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles likely to comprise Iron and/or Cobalt and Nitrogen, for which a sensitizing gas (such as ammonia) allowing the thermal power of the laser to be transmitted to the nanoparticles, is used (the NH 3 is also used as a source of nitrogen here).
- a sensitizing gas such as ammonia
- the NH 3 is also used as a source of nitrogen here.
- the invention can make it possible to manufacture materials of the core-shell type with a wider choice of materials.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2011839A FR3116214B1 (fr) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Dispositif de synthèse colinéaire de nanoparticules par pyrolyse laser, système et procédé associés |
| PCT/EP2021/082097 WO2022106517A1 (fr) | 2020-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Dispositif de synthèse colinéaire de nanoparticules par pyrolyse laser, système et procédé associés |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4247543A1 true EP4247543A1 (fr) | 2023-09-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21811354.6A Pending EP4247543A1 (fr) | 2020-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Dispositif de synthèse colinéaire de nanoparticules par pyrolyse laser, système et procédé associés |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4247543A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3116214B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022106517A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4895628A (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1990-01-23 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of submicron-sized boron carbide powders |
| AU6915696A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1997-03-27 | Penn State Research Foundation, The | High production rate of nano particles by laser liquid interaction |
| US6974367B1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2005-12-13 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Chemical mechanical polishing process |
| US7981396B2 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2011-07-19 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Methods for production of carbon nanostructures |
| FR2877591B1 (fr) | 2004-11-09 | 2007-06-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme et procede de production de poudres nanometriques ou sub-micrometriques en flux continu sous l'action d'une pyrolyse laser |
| FR2894493B1 (fr) | 2005-12-08 | 2008-01-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme et procede de production de poudres nanometriques ou sub-micrometriques en flux continu sous l'action d'une pyrolyse laser |
| US20080191193A1 (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-08-14 | Xuegeng Li | In situ modification of group iv nanoparticles using gas phase nanoparticle reactors |
| FR2998485B1 (fr) | 2012-11-26 | 2015-01-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif pour la synthese de nanoparticules de type cœur-coquille par pyrolyse laser et procede associe. |
| FR3068619A1 (fr) | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-11 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de preparation de nanoparticules exemptes de metaux nobles et leur utilisation dans de la reduction de l'oxygene |
-
2020
- 2020-11-18 FR FR2011839A patent/FR3116214B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 EP EP21811354.6A patent/EP4247543A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-18 WO PCT/EP2021/082097 patent/WO2022106517A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3116214A1 (fr) | 2022-05-20 |
| FR3116214B1 (fr) | 2023-04-28 |
| WO2022106517A1 (fr) | 2022-05-27 |
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