EP4244499A1 - Ressort élastique à spires, système d'amortissement et procédé de fabrication associés - Google Patents
Ressort élastique à spires, système d'amortissement et procédé de fabrication associésInfo
- Publication number
- EP4244499A1 EP4244499A1 EP21811048.4A EP21811048A EP4244499A1 EP 4244499 A1 EP4244499 A1 EP 4244499A1 EP 21811048 A EP21811048 A EP 21811048A EP 4244499 A1 EP4244499 A1 EP 4244499A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- heat transfer
- transfer fluid
- hollow core
- turns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
- F16F2222/02—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects temperature-related
- F16F2222/025—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/04—Fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/001—Specific functional characteristics in numerical form or in the form of equations
- F16F2228/002—Temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of coil springs. It finds a particularly advantageous but non-limiting application in the field of damping systems, for example for automobiles, and/or for industrial equipment.
- a spring is an elastic member capable of withstanding significant deformations compared to an initial configuration.
- a spring is intended, after deformation or loading, to exert a restoring force, for example bending, tension, compression, torsion to tend towards its initial configuration.
- the springs are intended to absorb a shock by absorbing energy, and to produce a movement by restoring the stored energy or even to exert a static force after having been deformed.
- the spring material is characterized by: Re 2 /(2E), Re being the elastic limit and E the Young's modulus of this material. This value is typically high for materials suitable for the manufacture of springs. In addition, it is preferable for a high elastic live strength to be accompanied by good resilience and good endurance vis-à-vis alternating forces.
- the mechanical properties of a spring depend on the temperature of their environment of use. In order to adapt the properties of the springs according to this temperature, the existing solutions plan to choose a material having sufficient mechanical properties at this temperature.
- coil springs comprise a helical body forming turns.
- Coil springs made of steel are known.
- a first family of steels used for springs is that of mangano-siliceous steels, possibly including a little chromium, tungsten, molybdenum or vanadium.
- springs made of chrome steel which may also include vanadium, manganese or silicon-molybdenum.
- Elinvar an alloy of iron, nickel, chromium and manganese, exhibits a temperature-independent Young's modulus. It is used in the manufacture of springs intended for precision devices (galvanometers, seismographs, chronometers, tuning forks, etc.), the spring being insensitive to temperature variations.
- steel-based springs The performance of steel-based springs is limited in a thermally constraining environment. At very low temperatures, for example from -150° to -200°C, steels are fragile and brittle. In addition, the yield strength of steels decreases when the temperature rises.
- springs made of Inconel® type alloys based on nickel and aluminum are known. These springs retain their mechanical properties up to 400°C, or even 500°C. Beyond 500°, the mechanical properties of these springs deteriorate the more the temperature increases. The deterioration of the mechanical properties is also observed at very low temperatures, for example around -150 to -200°C.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solution aimed at improving the performance of a spring over a wide temperature range.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a solution aimed at improving the performance of a spring in a thermally constraining environment.
- Non-limitingly, another object of the present invention is to propose a solution aimed at facilitating the damping of a system over a wide temperature range, and in particular in a thermally constraining environment.
- an elastic spring comprising a body forming turns, for example based on at least one metal.
- the body has a hollow core extending at least along the turns, between an inlet and an outlet of the body, the hollow core defining a circulation volume of a heat transfer fluid inside the turns, the spring being configured such that a heat transfer fluid enters the hollow core through the body inlet, flows through the hollow core and exits the hollow core through the body outlet.
- the spring is able to be tempered by a heat transfer fluid circulating inside its coils.
- the fact of tempering the spring makes it possible to limit, or even avoid, a deterioration of its mechanical properties with temperature, and in particular in a thermally restrictive environment.
- the proposed solution makes it possible to reduce the constraints usually imposed concerning the choice of the material constituting the turns.
- the invention thus makes it possible to choose materials whose characteristics, for example in terms of elastic limit or cost, meet the desired needs, even though these materials could not have been selected in the absence of cooling of the competence.
- the proposed invention thus makes it possible to reduce the cost of the springs.
- the spring is particularly suitable for a very high temperature environment, for example at a temperature above 500°C.
- the spring can thus be integrated into assemblies operating at very high temperatures, such as furnaces and steelmaking equipment. This is also valid for low temperatures, for example around -150°C to -200°C.
- the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the hollow core 11 makes it possible to heat the spring on the same principle.
- Tempering the spring offers an alternative or complement to adapting the material to the temperature of the environment.
- the same spring can be adapted to a wide range of temperatures, and therefore to many applications.
- the invention relates to a damping system comprising: at least one elastic spring according to the first aspect, a device for circulating a heat transfer fluid, fluidly connected to the spring and configured to circulate a fluid heat carrier inside the spring.
- the device for circulating the heat transfer fluid comprises at least one of a pump, a pressurized fluid circuit and a heat exchanger.
- the device for circulating the heat transfer fluid comprises a closed circuit comprising a heat exchanger.
- the damping system includes the heat transfer fluid.
- the damping system comprises a device for recovering the heat transfer fluid and/or thermal energy from the heat transfer fluid after circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the hollow core of the spring.
- the fluid recovery device is configured to inject the heat transfer fluid into another system after circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the hollow core of the spring. This thus makes it possible to enhance the heat transfer fluid, and for example to recover its thermal energy, following the thermalization of the spring.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing the spring according to the first aspect, by additive manufacturing.
- the manufacturing process additive comprises a deposition layer by layer of at least one material, preferably of at least one material, for example metallic, so as to form an elastic spring comprising a body forming turns, preferably based on said material, having a hollow core extending at least along the turns, between an inlet and an outlet of the body, the hollow core defining a circulation volume of a heat transfer fluid inside the turns, the spring being configured so that a heat transfer fluid enters the hollow core through the body inlet, circulates in the hollow core and exits the hollow core through the body outlet.
- Figures 1A and 1B each show a front view of a prior art spring.
- Figure 2A schematically represents the axial loading force of a state-of-the-art spring, in compression.
- Figure 2B schematically represents the force in angular loading of a spring of the state of the art, in rotation.
- FIG. 3 represents a front view of a spring according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 4 represents a front view of a damping system with a cylindrical cross section, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- Figures 5A to 5C and 5E each show a front view of a spring with a non-cylindrical cross-section, according to four embodiments.
- Figure 5D shows a front view of a spring having a diabolo-shaped outer casing.
- Figures 5F and 5G show a front and top view respectively of a torsion spring with a non-cylindrical cross-section.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show a front and cross-sectional view respectively of a spring comprising a cup, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 7 represents a front view of a spring comprising a cup, according to another exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 8 schematically represents the steps of the printing method according to an example embodiment of the invention.
- the drawings are given by way of examples and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the scale of practical applications.
- the hollow core is free of solid and/or static material.
- the hollow core is intended to contain only the heat transfer fluid.
- the inlet is configured to cooperate with a fluid conduit for supplying the heat transfer fluid inside the hollow core.
- the outlet is configured to cooperate with a fluid conduit for discharging the heat transfer fluid outside the hollow core.
- the inlet and the outlet each have a fluid connection portion with a fluid conduit.
- each fluidic connection portion comprises one of a thread, a quick connector, a fixing groove for a ring or a collar, a double ring connector and a metal seal sealing connector, for example VCR® type.
- the inlet and the outlet are each arranged at one end of the body of the spring, distinct from each other.
- the cross section of the body is circular at least along a portion of the turns.
- the cross-section of the body is non-circular at least along a portion of the turns and preferably triangular, oval, oblong, elliptical or polygonal.
- the cross section of the body is identical at least along the turns, or even over substantially the entire length of the body of the spring.
- the cross-section of the body is variable at least along the turns, or even over substantially the entire length of the body of the spring.
- the spring has non-standard mechanical properties in compression/traction and/or in rotation.
- the cross section of the body is configured so that the coils fit at least partially into each other, when the spring is in a retracted configuration. Thus, the size of the spring is minimized in its retracted position.
- the cross section of the body is configured to promote turbulent flow of the heat transfer fluid in the hollow core. The extraction of thermal energy from the spring body is thus improved.
- the body has a variation of at least one dimension of the cross section S along at least one portion, for example along the turns, preferably over substantially the entire length of the body of the spring, so as to promote turbulent flow.
- the body has several, preferably punctual, constrictions in cross section along at least a portion, preferably over substantially the entire length, of the body of the spring.
- the body can therefore have an alternation of restricted cross-section and upper surface cross-section.
- the cross-section constrictions along at least a portion may be separated from each other by a substantially constant distance.
- a solution is based on the formation of a helical core in a vortex ("swirl") and pivoting around the central axis of the spring .
- the cross section S along at least a portion, for example along the coils, preferably over substantially the entire length of the body of the spring, is non-circular and pivots on itself.
- the cross section is equivalently pivoted in rotation around a central axis of the hollow core, along said portion.
- the turns together form a shape, referred to as an outer casing, which is not cylindrical or conical, for example the outer casing is diabolo-shaped.
- the outer casing has two end portions and a central portion located between the two end portions, the section of the central portion being smaller than the section at the level of the end portions.
- the spring comprises at least one cup secured to a portion of the spring.
- the at least one cup and the body form a monolithic assembly.
- the cup has at least one opening, the body having at least one portion which extends through the at least one opening, the opening and the at least one portion being configured so as to allow movement relative to the cup and said portion at least in translation.
- the cup has at least one opening, the body having at least one portion which extends through the at least one opening, the respective dimensions of the opening and of the portion being configured to allow relative movement of the cup and of the portion at least in translation.
- the body comprises a portion for supplying the coolant fluid upstream of the turns and/or a portion for discharging the coolant fluid downstream of the turns.
- the supply portion and the evacuation portion pass through the same dish each through an opening.
- the fluid inlets and outlets are therefore located on the same side of the spring, and more particularly through the cup.
- the other side of the spring can thus be free of fluid conduit. Its cooperation with a mechanical assembly damped by the spring is therefore simplified.
- At least one of the supply portion and the evacuation portion is configured with its opening so that said portion has a degree of freedom at least in translation with the cup, or equivalently so as to allow the relative movement at least in translation of said portion with the cup.
- only one of the supply portion and the discharge portion is configured with its opening so as to allow relative movement at least in translation of said portion with the cup.
- the other of the supply portion and the discharge portion can be integral with its opening.
- the supply portion and the evacuation portion are configured with their respective opening so as to allow the relative movement at least in translation of each portion with the cup.
- the at least one opening has an outer diameter greater than the outer diameter of the at least one portion extending therethrough, so that said portion slides in translation in the opening.
- direct contact between the portion and the cup is reduced or even absent.
- the portion is the supply portion, the heating or cooling of the heat transfer fluid prior to its circulation in the hollow core is minimized, or even avoided.
- the thermalization of the spring is thus further improved.
- the portion is the evacuation portion, the heating or cooling of the heat transfer fluid after its circulation in the hollow core is minimized, or even avoided. This is particularly advantageous for recovering the thermal energy of the heat transfer fluid following its circulation in the hollow core.
- the supply portion and the discharge portion extend in a direction substantially parallel to the central axis A of the spring.
- the relative translation movement is substantially parallel to the central axis A.
- the spring is based on or made of at least one material taken from a metal, a ceramic or a plastic material, preferably another rubber.
- the material has a Young's modulus greater than 100 GPa, and preferably greater than 150 GPa.
- Young's moduli the thermalization of the springs is important in order to preserve their mechanical properties.
- the spring even not filled with a fluid, is therefore configured to absorb more intense forces than a spring with a lower Young's modulus, for example a spring in the hollow core would be rubber-based.
- the material is a steel.
- the material is an alloy of nickel, chromium and iron, for example an Inconel® alloy such as Inconel® 718.
- the spring is configured so as to ensure a spring function even when it is not traversed by the heat transfer fluid.
- the turns do not touch in the absence of a force applied to the spring.
- a portion of the body for example a portion of a turn, can be at least partially embedded in the dish.
- a portion of a turn can pass through the cup.
- the cup can be thermalized with the body of the spring.
- the term mobile corresponds to a rotational movement or to a translational movement or even to a combination of movements, for example the combination of a rotation and a translation.
- a one-piece, or equivalently monolithic, unit part cannot therefore be made up of two separate parts.
- the term "united" used to qualify the connection between two parts means that the two parts are linked/fixed with respect to each other, according to all the degrees of freedom, except if is explicitly specified differently. For example, if it is indicated that two parts are integral in translation along an x direction, this means that the parts can be movable relative to each other, possibly according to several degrees of freedom, excluding the freedom in translation along the direction x. In other words, if we move one part in the x direction, the other part performs the same movement.
- An element “based” on a material A is understood to mean an element comprising this material A, and possibly comprising other materials.
- a parameter “substantially equal to/greater than/less than” a given value means that this parameter is equal to/greater than/less than the given value, to within plus or minus 10%, or even within plus or minus 5%, of this value.
- the springs T of the state of the art are manufactured by drawing a solid metal wire, forming the body 10', then bending or winding this wire to form the turns 100' around a central axis.
- Coils 100' together form an outer shape of the spring, referred to as outer shell 12'.
- State-of-the-art springs T have an outer casing 12' of cylindrical shape, as illustrated in FIG. 1A, or conical, as illustrated in FIG. 1B.
- These springs T have a standard elastic behavior, in which the restoring force exerted by the spring evolves proportionally with the deformation or the loading of the spring 1'.
- the return force generated changes proportionally with the reduction in the length of the spring 1'.
- FIG. 2A a compression of the spring T in a direction parallel to its central axis A, from a length L o to the lengths L ⁇ L 8 and L g , and therefore the reductions in the length of the spring successively si , s 8 and s 9 , induce the generation of restoring forces F8 and Fg .
- the return force generated changes proportionally with the reduction in the length of the spring 1'.
- thermally constraining environment is for example an environment whose temperature leads to a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the spring free of thermal regulation means, for example of its elastic live resistance, its resilience and its endurance vis-à-vis alternating forces.
- the environment of the spring can include the atmosphere surrounding it and/or parts in direct or indirect contact with the spring.
- a thermally restrictive environment of high temperature has a temperature close to the spring greater than 200°C, preferably greater than 300°C, preferably greater than 400°C, and more preferably still greater than 500°C.
- a thermally constraining environment of low temperature has a temperature close to the spring of less than -50° C., preferably less than -100° C., preferably less than -150° C., and more preferably still less than - 200°C.
- the spring 1 comprises a body 10, forming turns 100, having a hollow core 11 extending at least along the turns 100.
- hollow core extends between an inlet 101 and an outlet 102 of the body 10.
- the body 10 thus forms a wall delimiting the hollow core 11 between the inlet 101 and the outlet 102.
- the hollow core 11 defines a circulation volume of a heat transfer fluid inside the turns 100.
- the hollow core 11 may be intended to contain only the heat transfer fluid.
- the hollow core 11 is preferably free of solid and/or static material.
- the spring is configured so that a heat transfer fluid enters the hollow core 11 through the inlet 101, circulates in the hollow core 11 and leaves the hollow core 11 through the outlet 102.
- the spring 1 is configured to be tempered by a heat transfer fluid. More particularly, the material or materials forming the spring 1 can be tempered with respect to the temperature of the environment of the spring 1. Thus, the mechanical properties of the spring can be preserved over a wide temperature range.
- the spring 1 can be heated by the heat transfer fluid. Thus, embrittlement and/or breakage of the spring can in particular be avoided.
- the spring 1 can be cooled by the heat transfer fluid. Thus, a decrease in the elastic limit of the spring 1 can in particular be avoided.
- At least one spring 1 may be included in a damping system 2, described with reference to FIG. 4.
- the damping system 2 comprises a spring 1.
- the system 2 d damping comprises a device 22 for circulating a heat transfer fluid.
- the device 22 for circulating the heat transfer fluid is fluidly connected to the spring 1 and configured to circulate the heat transfer fluid inside the spring 1.
- the damping system 2 may comprise a fluid supply conduit 20 of the fluid heat transfer fluid to the spring 1, and a fluid conduit 21 for discharging the heat transfer fluid from the spring 1.
- each fluid conduit 20, 21 can be formed from one or a plurality of pipes.
- the device 22 for circulating the heat transfer fluid can also be configured to modulate the temperature of the heat transfer fluid prior to its circulation in the hollow core 11.
- the circulation device 22 may comprise a means for heating and/or cooling the fluid, for example a heat exchanger.
- the system 2 can also comprise at least one sensor for measuring a temperature which is a function of the temperature of the body 10 of the spring 1.
- a sensor can measure the temperature of the fluid at the inlet 101 or at the outlet 102 of the body 10.
- the sensor can also measure the temperature of one of the fluid conduits 20, 21.
- the system 2 is then configured to regulate the temperature of the body 10 of the spring 1 according to the measured temperature.
- the system 2 can for example vary the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, or vary the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the inlet 101 of the body 10 of the spring 1. In situ regulation of the temperature of the body 10 of the spring 1 is thus permitted.
- the damping system 2 can form a closed fluidic circuit, so that the heat transfer fluid circulates in a loop between the circulation device 22 and the spring 1.
- the circulation device 22 can be configured to induce the movement of the heat transfer fluid in the closed circuit.
- the circulation device 22 can for example comprise a means for pressurizing the fluid, for example a pump.
- the heat transfer fluid having been heated or cooled following its circulation in the hollow core 11, the circulation device 22 may comprise, alternatively or in addition, a heat exchanger configured to bring the temperature of the fluid back to its initial temperature before circulation in the hollow core 11.
- a temperature difference of the heat transfer fluid between the inlet 101 and the outlet 102 of the spring 1 it is understood that the displacement of the heat transfer fluid can be induced by thermal convection, without requiring a means of setting under fluid pressure.
- the damping system 2 can form an open or closed fluidic circuit and comprising a heat transfer fluid reservoir.
- the heat-transfer fluid can be supplied to the inlet 101 of the spring 1 by the fluid supply conduit 20 and be evacuated to the outlet 102 of the spring 1, for example by the evacuation conduit 21, without being subsequently resupplied to the spring 1 or passing through a reservoir.
- the circulation device 22 can then be configured to induce the movement of the heat transfer fluid in the fluidic circuit.
- the circulation device 22 can for example comprise a pressurizing means fluid, for example a pump or a pressurized fluid circuit such as the running water network, typically at a pressure of substantially 4 bars.
- the device 22 for circulating the heat transfer fluid can be chosen according to the nature of the fluid and the temperature of the environment of the spring 1.
- the heat transfer fluid is a fluid in the gaseous and/or liquid state which, by its physical properties, makes it possible to transport heat from one point to another.
- the heat transfer fluid can be a gas, such as nitrogen, helium, air, carbon dioxide and water vapour. These fluids have a recoverable heat transfer capacity for use at very high temperatures, for example a temperature above 350°C.
- the heat transfer fluid can be an organic fluid such as a mineral or synthetic oil, or a halogenated fluid such as a perfluorocarbon (commonly abbreviated as PFC) or a hydrofluoroether. (commonly abbreviated HFE).
- PFC perfluorocarbon
- HFE hydrofluoroether
- Organic and halogenated fluids advantageously have high dielectric strength and low volatility.
- the heat transfer fluid can be a molten salt or a liquid metal.
- the circulation device 22 can be configured to adapt the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid in the spring 1.
- the heat transfer fluid is water
- the water is transformed into vapor above the temperature couple and pressure defining its boiling point.
- the flow of water can be increased to prevent its vaporization, and allow the maximum thermal energy to be extracted from spring 1.
- the damping system may comprise a device for recovering the heat transfer fluid and/or the thermal energy of the heat transfer fluid after circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the hollow core 11 of the body 10 of the spring 1.
- the recovery device can be configured to collect the heat transfer fluid at the outlet 102 of the spring 1, or at the outlet of the fluid evacuation conduit 21.
- the heat transfer fluid can then be used for its recovery, for example by being injected into another system.
- the heat transfer fluid is water in the form of vapor at least after circulation in the hollow core 11 of the spring 1, the water vapor can be routed to be injected into another system, comprising for example a turbine.
- the recovery device can be configured to recover the thermal energy of the heat transfer fluid, and in particular without taking the heat transfer fluid.
- the recovery device can be configured to recover the thermal energy of the heat-transfer fluid at the outlet 102 of the spring 1, or at the level of the fluid evacuation conduit 21.
- the recovery device can for example be a heat exchanger.
- the inlet 101 of the body 10 of the spring can be configured to cooperate with the fluidic conduit 20 for supplying the heat transfer fluid inside the hollow core 11.
- the outlet 102 can be configured to cooperate with the fluidic conduit for evacuation 21 of the heat transfer fluid outside the hollow core 11.
- the inlet 101 and/or the outlet 102 each have a fluidic connection portion 101a, 102a with a fluidic conduit 20, 21, as illustrated for example by FIG. 4.
- at least one, or even each, fluidic connection portion 101a, 102a can comprise a thread, a quick connector, a fixing groove for a ring or a collar, a connector double ferrule and a fitting with sealing by metal gasket, for example a VCR® fitting.
- at least one, or even each, fluidic connection portion 101a, 102a can comprise a quick connector, for example of the StaubliTM type.
- the hollow core 11 extends substantially over at least 70%, preferably 80%, preferably 90% of the length of the body 10 of the spring 1, and even more preferably over the entire length of the spring 1. The longer the length of the hollow core 11 is compared to the length of the body 10 of the spring 1, the more the thermalization of the spring 1 is facilitated.
- the cross section S of the hollow core 11 may have at least one dimension determined according to the force to be exerted by the spring 1, and/or the amplitude of the spring 1, and/or the material(s) constituting it.
- the cross section of the hollow core may have at least one internal dimension of between 1.5 and 6 mm.
- the inlet 101 and the outlet 102 can each be arranged at one end 10a, 10b of the body 10 of the spring 1, as illustrated by FIG. 3.
- the body 10 can form turns 100 over substantially its entire length.
- the turns 100 can be formed along a portion of the body 10, and the body 10 can comprise a supply portion 103 of the coolant fluid upstream of the turns 100 and / or an evacuation portion 104 of the heat transfer fluid downstream of the turns 100.
- the supply portion 103 and/or the evacuation portion 104 can extend in a direction substantially parallel to the central axis A of the spring 1
- the supply portion 103 and/or the evacuation portion 104 can alternatively extend in a direction separate from the central axis A of the spring 1, for example substantially perpendicular to this axis.
- the spring 1 can thus be configured so that the cooperation with the fluidic supply conduit 20 and/or with the fluidic evacuation conduit 21 is carried out at the ends of the turns 100.
- the cooperation with the fluidic conduit of supply 20 and/or with the evacuation fluid conduit 21 can be made between the ends of the turns 100, in particular by means of the supply portion 103 and/or the evacuation portion 104.
- the fluid supply conduit 20 and/or the inlet 101 of the spring can thus be moved away from a hot point in order to limit the heating of the heat transfer fluid prior to its circulation in the hollow core 11.
- the body 10 of the spring 1 may have a circular cross section S.
- the body 10 of the spring 1 may have a non-circular cross-section S, and preferably triangular (see for example Figure 5B), oval or elliptical (see for example Figure 5A ), oblong (see for example FIG. 5E), or polygonal (see for example FIG. 5C).
- a polygonal shape can be rectangle, square, or a more complex polygon.
- the shape of the cross section S can be adapted to modulate the mechanical properties of the spring 1, for example its elastic live strength and/or its stiffness constant.
- a non-circular cross-section S and in particular an elliptical, square or rectangular cross-section, makes it possible to obtain a spring with a stiffness constant distinct from that of a spring with a circular cross-section S.
- the cross section S can be taken along a plane perpendicular to the tangent to the body 10, for example to the outer wall of the body 10.
- the section is taken along a radial plane, that is i.e. a plane containing the central axis A.
- the shape of the cross section S can be adapted so as to promote a turbulent flow of the heat transfer fluid in the hollow core, and thus improve the extraction of thermal energy from the body 10 of the spring 1.
- a variation of at least one dimension of the cross section S along at least a portion, preferably over substantially the entire length, of the body 10 of the spring 1 makes it possible to promote turbulent flow.
- the shape of the cross section S is identical over the variation portion of at least one dimension of the cross section S. More particularly, the cross section S can be of circular shape over this portion. This variation can be occasional, for example a widening or narrowing of the cross section S, or preferably repeated, for example in the form of a plurality of narrowings or widening of the cross section S.
- a cross section S may also have a shape, in particular a polygonal shape, suitable for the turns 100 to fit at least partially into each other, when the spring 1 is in a retracted configuration.
- the bulk of the spring 1 can thus be reduced in its retracted configuration.
- Figure 5C This example can be illustrated by Figure 5C.
- the cross section of the body may be identical at least along the turns 100, or even over substantially the entire length of the body 10 spring 1.
- the cross section S of the body 10 may be variable at least along the turns 100.
- the spring 1 may have a cylindrical or conical outer casing 12 .
- a spring 1 having a conical outer casing 12 can in particular deform more easily.
- the spring 1 may have a non-cylindrical or non-conical outer casing 12.
- the geometry of the spring 1 can thus be adapted to a geometrically constrained environment.
- the shape of the outer casing 12 makes it possible to modulate the elastic deformation of the spring 1.
- a non-conical outer casing 12 makes it possible to obtain a spring 1 which deforms less easily than a spring 1 having an outer casing conical.
- the outer casing 12 can for example have two end portions and a central portion located between the two end portions.
- the section of the central portion, taken perpendicular to the central axis A may be different from the section of the end portions, taken perpendicular to the central axis A. According to one example, the section of the central portion, taken perpendicular to the central axis A, may be less than the section of the end portions, taken perpendicular to the central axis A.
- This shape can for example be described as a diabolo.
- the spring 1 may further comprise at least one cup 13, configured to secure the spring 1 to one or more elements on which the return force generated by the spring 1 is exerted. It forms the interface between the body 10 of the spring 1 and an element kinematically coupled with the spring 1 such as a moving part or a frame, such as a frame.
- the cup 13 can more particularly be a part on which a part, preferably an end of the body 10, bears during a compression of the spring 1.
- the cup 13 is thus a fixing part.
- the cup may have a circular shape.
- the spring 1 can for example comprise two cupels 13, as illustrated by FIGS. 6A to 7. Each cupel 13 can be arranged at one end of the turns 100 of the spring 1, on either side of the turns 100 along the central axis A. In the following, it is considered as non-limiting that the spring 1 comprises two cups 13, each being arranged at one end of the turns 100 of the spring 1
- Each cup 13 can be integral with a portion of the body 10 of the spring 1.
- the cup 13 can be removably or permanently attached to the body 10, and fixed to the spring 1 for example by clipping, by screwing or by means of 'a necklace.
- cup 13 and body 10 of spring 1 can form a monolithic assembly.
- a portion of the body 10 can be at least partially embedded, or even pass through the cup 13.
- the heat transfer fluid circulating in the hollow core 11, the cup 13 can therefore be thermalized with the body 10 of the spring 1.
- each cup may be integral with a portion of at least one turn 100 of the spring 1. More particularly, this portion of a turn 100 may be partially embedded in the cup 13 at the level of an opening 130 on the face of the cup facing the turn 100, as illustrated by the sectional view 6B.
- the body 10 can pass through the cup 13, for example in its thickness, through an opening such as a hole 131.
- the supply portion 103 and the evacuation portion 104 each pass through a cup 13 distinct by openings 131, 132.
- the openings 131, 132 may have a closed contour, as shown in Figures 6A, 6B. These openings 131, 132 may have a circular section outline. They then form a hole. Alternatively, these openings 131, 132 have a non-circular outline, for example an oblong outline. Alternatively, the openings 131, 132 have an open outline. This allows the portions 103, 104 to move, for example in a direction perpendicular to the central axis A. This movement can be useful during operation of the spring or during assembly of the body 10 with the cups 13.
- the supply portion 103 and the evacuation portion 104 pass through the same cup 13.
- at least one of the supply portion 103 and the evacuation portion 104 can have a degree of freedom in translation or in rotation or a combination of translation and rotation with respect to the cup 13.
- the hole 132 has a greater external diameter to external diameter of the supply portion 103 so that the supply portion 103 slides in translation in the hole 132 in a direction parallel to the central axis A.
- the supply portion and/or the evacuation portion is configured with its opening so that said portion has a degree of freedom at least in translation with the cup.
- direct contact between the supply portion 103 and the cup 13 is reduced, or even absent, to minimize heating or cooling of the heat transfer fluid prior to its circulation in the hollow core 11.
- the cup 13 can comprise a central opening 133, notably allowing its weight to be minimized.
- the cup 13 can also comprise cooperation members 134 with one or more elements on which the return force generated by the spring 1 is exerted, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the spring is based on at least one material.
- a material can be a metal and/or a ceramic and/or a plastic material.
- the spring is based on at least one metal.
- the material has a Young's modulus greater than 100 GPa, and preferably greater than 150 GPa.
- the material is a steel.
- the material an alloy of nickel, chromium and iron, for example an Inconel® alloy such as Inconel® 718.
- the Young's modulus of Inconel® 718 is substantially equal at 203 GPa
- the Young's modulus of the steel commonly used in the field of springs is substantially equal to 181 GPa.
- the Young's modulus of rubber is much lower, between 0.001 and 0.1 GPa.
- Nickel-chromium-iron superalloys such as Inconel®718 (IN718), are low-cost nickel-based superalloys that are primarily used as a material for turbine disks. In terms of mechanical properties, these superalloys offer excellent thermal resistance - up to 700°C - and great resistance to oxidation and corrosion. It is also known for its excellent thermal resistance, high yield, good tensile and creep-rupture properties. This therefore makes them good materials for spring 1. These superalloys retain their heat resistance over a wide range of temperatures, making them a good candidate for high temperature or low temperature applications, all the more so in synergy with cooling by a heat transfer fluid.
- the previously described characteristics of the spring 1 can be obtained by a process for manufacturing the spring by additive manufacturing, also referred to as three-dimensional (3D) printing.
- the spring 1 is manufactured by successive addition of layers of material, which makes it possible to obtain the configurations described.
- the spring can also be based on or made of one or more non-drawing materials.
- the spring can be made of one or more materials that cannot be drawn and are more resistant to creep at high temperature than the materials used in the existing solutions.
- the body 10 of the spring 1 can be based on or made of a nickel superalloy such as Inconel® 718, a titanium alloy such as the ta6v grade, an austenitic stainless steel such as the 310s grade.
- the spring can be made of a less brittle material than those used in existing solutions, such as S460 grades of carbon-manganese, and A420F.M grades of carbon steel.
- the choice of the material(s) constituting the spring 1 depends in particular on the return force to be exerted, the thermal environment of the spring 1 and other constraints such as the cost of the spring 1.
- the body 10 of the spring 1, or even the spring 1, is preferably made of an alloy of the Inconel® type based on nickel in a proportion by mass of between 45% and 75%, of chromium in a proportion by mass substantially equal to 15% cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, iron, and aluminum.
- This alloy advantageously retains its mechanical properties up to approximately 400° C. to 500° C., without thermal regulation means.
- Method 3 for manufacturing spring 1 is now described with reference to FIG. 8, in which dashed lines indicate optional variants of method 3.
- Method 3 comprises selective densification of a powder bed or deposition 30 layer by layer of at least one material, preferably a metallic material, so as to form the spring 1 according to the characteristics previously described.
- Sequential deposition of the material layer by layer may include extrusion or solidification of metal powder, polymer and polymer wire.
- the deposited material can be solidified 300 during the deposition 30 layer by layer.
- the solidification 300 of the material can be the subject of a separate step of cooling or of chemical treatment, for example by polymerization.
- the densification of the powder bed can be carried out selectively using an energy source, for example a laser source, a resistor, an electron beam, or UV light.
- method 3 may include a step 31 of designing a three-dimensional digital model of spring 1. Following deposition 30, method 3 may include finishing treatment 32. Finishing treatment 32 may be a mechanical treatment, for example by sanding, or thermal treatment, for example by baking. The method may also include any step allowing a previously described characteristic of the spring 1 to be obtained. The method may include a step of checking and comparing 33 the spring 1 obtained with respect to its digital model.
- the 3D printing process can be adapted according to the spring 1, for example according to the size of the spring 1 and according to the constituent material(s) of the spring.
- the stiffness constant of the spring 1 referred to can be determined thanks to a finite element elastic calculation .
- Longitudinal compression of a spring 1 made of Inconel® 718 is for example simulated for an ambient thermal environment, without circulation of a heat transfer fluid.
- the hot calculation for a constraining thermal environment, can be made by taking into account the expansions of the spring and taking into account the drop in stiffness of the material with temperature. It is checked that the maximum stress does not exceed the creep limit.
- the spring 1 can be configured in such a way as to avoid, for a given crushing, a creep of the material.
- the invention proposes a solution making it possible to effectively improve the performance of a spring in a thermally restrictive environment.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2011725A FR3116313B1 (fr) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | Ressort élastique à spires, système d’amortissement et procédé de fabrication associés |
| PCT/EP2021/081853 WO2022101503A1 (fr) | 2020-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Ressort élastique à spires, système d'amortissement et procédé de fabrication associés |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4244499A1 true EP4244499A1 (fr) | 2023-09-20 |
Family
ID=74758926
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21811048.4A Withdrawn EP4244499A1 (fr) | 2020-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Ressort élastique à spires, système d'amortissement et procédé de fabrication associés |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4244499A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3116313B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022101503A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3226069A1 (de) * | 1981-07-14 | 1983-04-14 | Breinlich, Richard, Dr., 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen | Pumpen- bzw. motoren-elemente oder aggregate |
| JPS5913149A (ja) * | 1982-07-14 | 1984-01-23 | カ−ル・アイクマン | デイスクばね対 |
| US4690623A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1987-09-01 | Karl Eickmann | Fluid pumps, fluid motors and devices, which include a coned ring |
| US4745846A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1988-05-24 | Karl Eickmann | Devices which take in and expel fluid by a chamber which may border a coned ring |
| US20150226279A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-13 | Peter Robert Scholar | Spring having a core structure |
| CN212155597U (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-12-15 | 永嘉县核力特种弹簧厂 | 耐高温波形弹簧 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1065808A (fr) * | 1951-11-03 | 1954-05-31 | Dispositif amortisseur élastique, destiné particulièrement à la suspension des véhicules automobiles | |
| US2977109A (en) * | 1955-05-11 | 1961-03-28 | Associated Spring Corp | Fluid cooled spring device |
| DE2000472C3 (de) * | 1969-07-10 | 1978-07-06 | Gebrueder Ahle, 5253 Lindlar | Doppelkegelstumpffeder aus Draht mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt |
| JPS5986437U (ja) * | 1982-12-03 | 1984-06-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | コイルスプリングの取付構造 |
| US9562616B2 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2017-02-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Spring assemblies for use in gas turbine engines and methods for their manufacture |
| DE102018217195A1 (de) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Feder |
-
2020
- 2020-11-16 FR FR2011725A patent/FR3116313B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-16 EP EP21811048.4A patent/EP4244499A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-11-16 WO PCT/EP2021/081853 patent/WO2022101503A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4745846A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1988-05-24 | Karl Eickmann | Devices which take in and expel fluid by a chamber which may border a coned ring |
| US4690623A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1987-09-01 | Karl Eickmann | Fluid pumps, fluid motors and devices, which include a coned ring |
| DE3226069A1 (de) * | 1981-07-14 | 1983-04-14 | Breinlich, Richard, Dr., 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen | Pumpen- bzw. motoren-elemente oder aggregate |
| JPS5913149A (ja) * | 1982-07-14 | 1984-01-23 | カ−ル・アイクマン | デイスクばね対 |
| US20150226279A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-13 | Peter Robert Scholar | Spring having a core structure |
| CN212155597U (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-12-15 | 永嘉县核力特种弹簧厂 | 耐高温波形弹簧 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2022101503A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3116313B1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 |
| FR3116313A1 (fr) | 2022-05-20 |
| WO2022101503A1 (fr) | 2022-05-19 |
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