EP4237668A1 - Turbinenanordnung - Google Patents
TurbinenanordnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4237668A1 EP4237668A1 EP21811474.2A EP21811474A EP4237668A1 EP 4237668 A1 EP4237668 A1 EP 4237668A1 EP 21811474 A EP21811474 A EP 21811474A EP 4237668 A1 EP4237668 A1 EP 4237668A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- working medium
- exhaust gas
- heat exchanger
- combustion air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/12—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled
- F01K23/14—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled including at least one combustion engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a turbine assembly, a method of generating electrical power, and uses of the turbine assembly.
- the variant first described works under large-scale technical conditions because the exhaust gas heat from the gas turbine is fed directly to the steam process of the downstream steam turbine.
- the steam turbine process works with reheating, with high, medium and low pressure turbine stages expanding the steam down to the condensation limit.
- the circuits combined in this way achieve high overall efficiencies in power generation of more than 60%.
- Processes of this type cannot be reduced arbitrarily, since the diameters of the turbine wheels have to be smaller for lower outputs, which leads to higher gap and pressure losses. The possibilities for cooling the turbine blades and the associated limit temperatures for the materials are also reduced.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a turbine arrangement and to specify a method for generating electrical energy with which the disadvantages can be overcome.
- a turbine arrangement is to be provided that is geometrically compact and highly integrated and can therefore be used flexibly, while at the same time achieving high efficiency with significantly reduced emissions, so that the turbine arrangement has a high power density.
- recuperator (2) arranged in the combustion air supply (31) for applying thermal energy to the combustion air
- combustion chamber (3) with the combustion air supply (31) arranged on the inlet side and a combustion gas discharge (33) arranged on the outlet side,
- a gas turbine (4) which is connected to the fuel gas outlet (33) of the combustion chamber (3) on the inlet side and has an exhaust gas outlet (43) on the outlet side, the exhaust gas outlet (43) being routed through the recuperator (2),
- the compressor used according to the invention is preferably a single-stage centrifugal compressor (in particular with a compression ratio of approximately 3 to 8).
- “Combustion air” basically refers to the air from the surroundings of the turbine arrangement according to the invention.
- recuperator is used in the present invention for (that heat exchanger that heats the compressed fresh air using exhaust gas energy.
- combustion chamber is understood to mean the reaction space in which the compressed, heated combustion air is mixed with a fuel that reacts with the oxygen in the air and (as far as technically possible) is completely burned.
- the gas turbine used according to the invention is preferably a combination of a turbine, which is usually radially compressed and radially expanded in a single stage, with a combustion chamber (similar to the systems that are available and implemented on the market).
- the main difference to these well-known turbines is the complete integration of the Rankine cycle, known as the "bottoming cycle”.
- the entire system can also be referred to as a "micro hybrid turbine” to show the independence of the concept.
- heat exchanger is used in the present invention for the exhaust gas heat exchanger, which transfers the residual energy of the exhaust gas that cannot be used or is not used in the process to a working medium and evaporates it. Additional heat sources can be coupled into this process.
- “Expansion turbine” refers to a single-stage radial turbine or a single-stage axial turbine or a combination of both types. Multi-stage versions are conceivable for higher outputs.
- the "evaporable working medium” is basically a low-boiling medium that is easier to evaporate than water due to its properties.
- a medium is usually a short chain hydrocarbon (alkanols) or a fluorocarbon.
- Other media such as ammonia are also suitable, the important factors here are the vaporization temperature and the vaporization enthalpy.
- the generator used according to the invention is preferably a high-speed generator that uses air bearings and/or Magnetic bearings is stored.
- the generator shaft is coupled directly to the turbine set / the ORC turbine.
- the generator shaft is usually designed in such a way that magnets are shrunk onto the shaft or embedded in it and reinforced by means of a casing made of steel or a high-strength fiber material.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention is technically in contrast to the above-mentioned publication by Lee et al., where a mechanical combination of an ORC turbine with a gas turbine is ruled out, since the systems mostly run at part load during their service life.
- the turbine assembly of the present invention circumvents the Lee et al. described dilemma, however, in that, contrary to this teaching, a micro gas turbine, according to the invention the gas turbine (4), is mechanically coupled directly to an ORC turbine, according to the invention referred to as an expansion turbine (6).
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention thus makes it possible to transfer the waste heat from the gas turbine (4) to a low-boiling medium, in the present invention the vaporizable working medium, which in turn drives the expansion turbine (6).
- the mechanical coupling of the expansion turbine (6) and the gas turbine (4) enables a mutually complementary process and is used to generate electricity.
- This process differs from large gas and steam power plants (capacity greater than 5 MW) in that the components are interconnected in such a way that first the recuperator (2) transfers combustion energy to the compressed fresh air and the remaining exhaust gas energy (usually more than 50% of the total fuel energy). ) via an integrated additional heat exchanger (5, 21) to another process medium, namely the vaporizable working medium.
- This combination in a turbine arrangement or in a process enables efficiencies significantly above existing micro gas turbine systems.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention should in principle run at full load under nominal conditions for as long as possible. For this reason, the turbine arrangement can therefore also function as a combination of both systems. Further advantages arise here, eg the reduction of losses due to bearing friction and the functional combination of both systems in such a way that the negative pressure of the compressor can support the media supply (actually the necessary condensation) of the ORC system (medium) and the storage.
- CHP combined heat and power
- electricity is a more valuable form of energy in relation to heat because it can be used in many different ways.
- the combustion energy is converted into electricity as much as possible.
- the electricity production costs are decisive for the profitability and thus extend the range of use of a system according to the invention to many lean gas sources and low-calorific energy sources that cannot currently be developed economically.
- the plant will thus make a significant contribution to reducing climate-damaging gases (including methane and ammonia) from natural decomposition processes.
- the present invention is the integration of an ORC process in a gas turbine operating according to the Joule process or the combination of the two named processes in one system.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention can be scaled in a power range between 20 kW and 400 kW.
- the common shaft (11) can in particular be a hollow shaft, which enables the transport of a cooling medium. Furthermore, the expansion turbine (6) can be air-cooled.
- the turbine arrangement system according to the invention can be used in many ways.
- the common shaft (11) of the compressor (1), gas turbine (4) and expansion turbine (6) is coupled to the generator (12) without a gear or mechanically decoupled.
- one can Magnetic coupling (13) are used. This special arrangement enables, on the one hand, vibration-mechanical decoupling of the generator (12), gas turbine (4) and expansion turbine (6) and, on the other hand, better redundancy in an emergency.
- a first embodiment of the present invention provides that the heat exchanger (5, 21) is arranged as a residual exhaust gas heat exchanger (5) downstream of the recuperator (2) in the exhaust gas outlet (43). Due to its modules, this structure enables simple coupling and adaptation to corresponding power requirements or other boundary conditions.
- a second embodiment alternative to the first embodiment provides that the heat exchanger (5, 21) is arranged as an exhaust gas heat exchanger (21) in combination with the recuperator (2) in the exhaust gas outlet (43).
- the compact design is decisive, here the design changes from a counterflow to a crossflow heat exchanger]
- the compressor (1) is designed to generate a negative pressure, for which purpose the compressor (1) is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber (3) and the gas turbine (4).
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention is thus operated according to the so-called "inverted Brayton cycle", the compressor (1) the combustion gases via the recuperator (2) / ORC heat exchanger (21) and the expansion turbine (6) creates a negative pressure in the combustion chamber (3) and thus generates the combustion gases, which in turn are expanded in the expansion turbine (6).
- the combustion gases are then cooled down in the recuperator (2) / ORC heat exchanger (21) until they enter the compressor (1) on the suction side.
- the combustion heat emitted in the heat exchanger (21) can then be fed back to an ORC process via a heating register for combustion and/or via an evaporator.
- the exhaust steam side of the expansion turbine (6) can be evacuated to increase efficiency and process security. Substances escaping from the process (e.g. condensate, air and aerosols contained therein, vaporizable working medium) can be discharged via the combustion process.
- external heat sources can be thermally coupled in addition to the heat exchanger (5, 21).
- These external heat sources can be industrial waste heat processes, solar heat sources or geological heat sources.
- the main advantage is the increase in performance and the degree of efficiency through the use of exergy. Significant COs savings can be achieved with this.
- the working medium starting from the heat exchanger (5, 21) via the expansion turbine (6), a working medium condenser (7), a condensate feed pump (8), a working medium -Storage tank (9) and a working media feed pump (10) back into the heat exchanger (5, 21) is circulated.
- the working medium should be used for a long time in operation with the least possible effort to maintain its condition (prevention of contamination or decay) and consumed in minimal quantities in order to keep the maintenance effort of the system as low as possible.
- a low-boiling alcohol, a low-boiling hydrocarbon or a halogenated hydrocarbon can preferably be used as the working medium.
- Acetone, methanol, ethanol or so-called refrigerants such as pentafluoropropane are particularly preferably used, and mixtures of ethanol with water or ammonia and water are also conceivable. Due to the low boiling point and the nevertheless high evaporation (condensation) enthalpy, these substances enable a higher energy yield compared to the classic gas and steam process.
- an arrangement for generating electrical energy using a turbine arrangement as described above, which comprises the steps: a) intake of combustion air and compression thereof by means of a compressor (1) into a combustion air supply (31), b) applying thermal energy to the combustion air by means of a recuperator (2) arranged in the combustion air supply (31), c) introducing the heated combustion air via the combustion air supply (31) into a combustion chamber (3), d) Discharging fuel gas from the combustion chamber (3) via a fuel gas outlet (33), e) introducing the fuel gas into a gas turbine (4) and discharging the exhaust gas via an exhaust gas outlet (43), the exhaust gas outlet (43) passing through the recuperator (2) is performed, f) giving up exhaust gas heat of the exhaust gas in a heat exchanger (5, 21), on an evaporable working medium, wherein the heat exchanger ( 5, 21 ) is thermally connected to the exhaust gas outlet (43), and introducing the vaporizable working medium into an expansion turbine
- the method basically has the advantages already mentioned above in connection with the turbine arrangement.
- Many different substances can be used as fuels for the method according to the invention and the turbine arrangement according to the invention, for example natural gas, biogas, organic fuels or synthetic fuels.
- the method according to the invention also has the advantage that the waste heat from the gas turbine (4) is transferred to the vaporizable working medium, which in turn drives the expansion turbine (6).
- the mechanical coupling of the expansion turbine (6) and the gas turbine (4) enables a mutually complementary process and is used to generate electricity.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention can initially be used as a stationary system for generating electricity and using residual heat from regenerative and/or industrial and/or synthetic and/or conventional energy sources.
- the preferred renewable energy sources include biogas, weak gases and landfill gases.
- a further use is in the interconnection of several turbine arrangements described above to form stationary clusters or virtual power plants.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention can also be used as a mobile system for at least temporarily driving vehicles.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention covers at least the average energy requirement of the respective vehicle, while the load peaks of the energy requirement are covered together with and/or by means of an electricity storage device.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention can be used as a mobile system for generating electricity.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the turbine arrangement according to the invention according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the turbine arrangement according to the invention according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a compressor 1 (compressor) that draws in and compresses ambient air.
- the air treated in this way is routed via a line 31 (combustion air supply) to a heat exchanger designed as a recuperator 2 .
- a heat exchanger designed as a recuperator 2 .
- the compressed air is heated, the thermal energy comes from the exhaust gas from the combustion.
- the air is fed to a combustion chamber 3, where it is mixed with fuel and burned.
- the resulting hot exhaust gas is supplied to the expansion turbine 4 (gas turbine) via a line 33 (combustion gas discharge, at the same time combustion gas supply to the turbine).
- the exhaust gas is expanded in the expansion turbine 4, releasing part of its energy.
- the exhaust gas is then conducted into the recuperator 2 via the exhaust manifold 43 (exhaust gas discharge). There, the exhaust gas transfers thermal energy to the compressed fresh air and then flows into the heat exchanger 5, which is designed as a superheater or ORC evaporator.
- FIG. 2 shows a variation of the structure shown in FIG. 1 such that compressor 1 , expansion turbine 6 and gas turbine 4 are coupled on a shaft 11 and are connected to a generator 12 by means of a vibration-isolating device 13 .
- the vibration decoupling 13 can be a separate module (eg a magnetic coupling) or alternatively/eg a flexible part of the overall shaft (vibration damper). This dampens critical bending vibrations of the shaft.
- heat exchanger 21 combined heat exchanger - exhaust gas / fresh air - ORC evaporator
- the fresh air from the compressor 1 is first heated via the line (31) and then enters the combustion chamber 3 again.
- the ORC medium is overheated in the same heat exchanger 21 in a downstream process, so that it flows into the expansion turbine 6 via the pipeline 61 .
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention can cover a wide range of application areas.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention can supply smaller settlements completely or additionally with electricity.
- a virtual power plant can be set up with output that is very precisely tailored to the energy requirement.
- a network of any number of turbine arrangements according to the invention can be interconnected and thus efficiently replace larger power plants.
- the turbine arrangement combines the electricity production of a gas turbine 4 with a steam turbine on a shaft 11 in such a way that the thermal energy present in the exhaust gas after the exhaust gases have passed through the gas turbine 4 is fed to a recuperator 2 for preheating the combustion air and a heat exchanger 5, 21 for evaporating a vaporizable working medium is made available.
- the thermal energy is divided between the two process media in such a way that optimum efficiency is achieved for the entire system.
- Energy from combustion is returned to the gas turbine process in order to increase the efficiency of this sub-process.
- the working medium to be evaporated should be with the Remaining energy are heated to the extent that it is expanded in an expansion turbine 6 (also impulse turbine or reaction turbine) with a high pressure ratio.
- the process medium is a so-called ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) medium, i.e. an alkanol such as ethanol or methanol, also acetone, various refrigerants (R134a etc.) are conceivable.
- ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
- alkanol such as ethanol or methanol
- acetone various refrigerants
- water as an evaporable working medium is also conceivable.
- the Organic Rankine Process describes the classic steam turbine process using a (mostly) organic medium that usually evaporates at lower temperatures than water. In this way, energy from low-caloric sources can still be used with the appropriate degree of efficiency.
- system components of an embodiment according to the invention are coupled to one another in a modular manner and can be adapted at any time or exchanged for maintenance work or adaptations to changed environmental conditions.
- the modular structure of the system is specific and therefore part of the invention.
- the combustion air is already so highly compressed that recuperation is not necessary or only necessary to a small extent, so that the combustion energy can largely be made available to the downstream steam process in order to further increase the overall efficiency of the system. It is relevant here that a high compression can be achieved by multiple compression or by a high-compression radial stage, but then massive overlaps with conventional gas turbines are to be feared.
- the compressor 1 and the gas turbine 4 are designed as radial rotors and are single-stage. A multi-stage arrangement of these components is conceivable for higher outputs.
- the also single-stage expansion turbine 6 for the steam or ORC process is installed in the middle between the two systems or alternatively between the generator 12 and the gas turbine 4.
- the storage of a system according to the invention should preferably be designed using air bearings, other storage options are magnetic bearings or plain bearings.
- Various systems can be used as combustion chambers 3 in order to burn the fuels with low emissions according to their quality and composition.
- the relevant technologies include the so-called FLOX burners (“FLameless OXidation”) and porous burners, which are mostly made of metal-oxide-ceramic materials.
- the gas turbine 4 and generator 12 are to be cooled by means of water; cooling using ethanol or a water-ethanol mixture is desirable.
- the amount of air escaping from the air bearings in the direction of the shaft 11 and the gas turbine 4 takes over part of the cooling capacity.
- the turbine shaft 11 should be hollow in order to achieve high torsional rigidity of the gas turbine 4, and the hollow shaft can also transport cooling media.
- the ORC turbine requires very tight tolerances so that there is no leakage of the working medium and thus loss of performance. Leaks at the expansion turbine 6 lead to significant malfunctions and failure of the turbine arrangement according to the invention is likely.
- the compressor 1 is designed to generate a negative pressure. Combustion and residual heat utilization are made possible according to the principle of the inverted Brayton cycle.
- This inverted Brayton cycle is a modification of the Joule cycle in that the compressor 1 sucks the combustion air “backwards” through the gas turbine 4 and an interposed heat exchanger 5, 21.
- the turbine is mounted in front of the heat exchanger 5, 21 and the compressor 1 in the direction of flow of the working medium.
- This arrangement can be represented by a simple modification of the turbine arrangement described according to the invention.
- the efficiency in this process modification can be increased by an ORC process that is mechanically directly coupled according to the invention.
- the turbine arrangement according to the invention has a system of bearings and media ducts that is sophisticated in detail and achieves efficient thermal decoupling of the gas turbine 4 and the expansion turbine 6 from one another.
- Suitable cooling media and cooling media routing in combination with a choice of materials that meet the thermal and mechanical requirements of the system ensure that the individual components largely support each other during operation and both overheating of one process and inefficient cooling of the other process are ruled out.
- the subsystems are mutually designed in such a way that they run in their optimum efficiency range or that they interact to produce the optimum efficiency of the system.
- the gas turbine 4 and the expansion turbine 6 are synchronized.
- the gas turbine 4 and the expansion turbine 6 complement each other in terms of their performance, which essentially takes place via the design at the full load point in such a way that the energy released in the ORC heat exchanger 21 and the resulting mass flow, pressure and temperature of the Working medium remove just as much energy from the exhaust gas of the gas turbine process that this leads to the same speeds in both turbines 4, 6.
- Reference sign
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020128334.2A DE102020128334A1 (de) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Turbinenanordnung |
PCT/IB2021/059975 WO2022090990A1 (de) | 2020-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Turbinenanordnung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4237668A1 true EP4237668A1 (de) | 2023-09-06 |
Family
ID=78725544
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21811474.2A Pending EP4237668A1 (de) | 2020-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Turbinenanordnung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230258099A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4237668A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020128334A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022090990A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1050609B (de) | 1956-02-06 | 1959-02-12 | Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon Zurich-Oerlikon (Schweiz) | Eine Gasturbinen und eine Dampfturbmenanlage umfassende Warmekraftanlage |
US3796045A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1974-03-12 | Turbo Dev Inc | Method and apparatus for increasing power output and/or thermal efficiency of a gas turbine power plant |
US4204401A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1980-05-27 | The Hydragon Corporation | Turbine engine with exhaust gas recirculation |
JP3854156B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-15 | 2006-12-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 再生式ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電システム |
US6962056B2 (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2005-11-08 | Carrier Corporation | Combined rankine and vapor compression cycles |
ES2387724B1 (es) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-08-20 | Universidad Nacional De Educación A Distancia | Sistema de regeneración parcial en turbinas de gas de ciclos combinados con una o varias fuentes de calor. |
US20120042656A1 (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Icr Turbine Engine Corporation | Gas turbine engine with exhaust rankine cycle |
EP3015661A1 (de) | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-04 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Kombikraftwerk |
-
2020
- 2020-10-28 DE DE102020128334.2A patent/DE102020128334A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-10-28 WO PCT/IB2021/059975 patent/WO2022090990A1/de unknown
- 2021-10-28 EP EP21811474.2A patent/EP4237668A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-04-24 US US18/138,222 patent/US20230258099A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102020128334A1 (de) | 2022-04-28 |
WO2022090990A1 (de) | 2022-05-05 |
US20230258099A1 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2342458B1 (de) | Solarhybridbetriebenes gas- und dampfkraftwerk | |
WO2012163667A1 (de) | Adiabatisches druckluftspeicherkraftwerk | |
WO2015154894A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum speichern und rückgewinnen von energie | |
EP2594746A1 (de) | Gasturbinenkraftwerk mit einer Gasturbinenanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasturbinenkraftwerks | |
EP2898191B1 (de) | System zur erzeugung von heisswasser und/oder dampf mit hochtemperaturspeicher für den einsatz in einem gasturbinenwerk | |
EP2661549B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur energieerzeugung | |
EP0768449A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kraftwerksanlage | |
EP2655832A2 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb einer kleingasturbinenanordnung, sowie kleingasturbinenanordnung | |
DE102010016548A1 (de) | System und Verfahren zur Brennstofferwärmung für eine Gasturbine | |
EP2694789B1 (de) | Anlage und verfahren zur erzeugung von heisswasser und/oder dampf und für die speicherung von wasser in flüssiger und/oder gasförmiger form zum einsatz für ein gasturbinenkraftwerk | |
DE2437782B2 (de) | Verfahren zum Anfahren einer Gasturbinen-Anlage zur Stromerzeugung aus Brenngas von einem Kohle-Druckvergaser | |
EP2606214A1 (de) | Stationäres kraftwerk, insbesondere gaskraftwerk, zur stromerzeugung | |
EP2802757B1 (de) | Gaskraftwerk | |
EP1904731B1 (de) | Gas- und dampfturbinenanlage sowie verfahren zu deren betrieb | |
DE10055202A1 (de) | Dampfkraft-/Arbeitsprozeß mit erhöhtem mechanischen Wirkungsgrad für die Elektroenergiegewinnung im Kreisprozeß sowie Anordnung zu seiner Durchführung | |
DE102010056299A1 (de) | Abwärmenutzungsanlage | |
DE102011112843A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie oder Druckluft aus Wärme und Abwärme unter Einsatz von Scheibenläuferturbinen und verschiedenen Übertragungsmedien | |
WO2022090990A1 (de) | Turbinenanordnung | |
WO2003104629A1 (de) | Gasturbogruppe | |
AT11930U1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur stromerzeugung aus komprimierten heissgasen | |
DE102010023174A1 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Nutzung der Abwärmen von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mittels eines Dampfkreislaufes | |
DE3935048C2 (de) | Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung | |
EP3862547B1 (de) | Gasturbinenanordnung und verfahren zum betreiben einer gasturbinenanordnung | |
DE10057276A1 (de) | Gasturbinenanlage für Biomasse / Biogas / fossile Brennstoffe zur Erzeugung von Nutzwärme und Antriebsenergie | |
DE102014119686A1 (de) | Druckspeicherkraftwerk mit kombiniertem, rekuperativem Abhitzedampferzeuger |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20230524 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20240529 |