EP4232357A1 - Anordnung sowie verfahren zur massenbestimmung eines sich im wasser fortbewegenden schiffes - Google Patents
Anordnung sowie verfahren zur massenbestimmung eines sich im wasser fortbewegenden schiffesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4232357A1 EP4232357A1 EP21799275.9A EP21799275A EP4232357A1 EP 4232357 A1 EP4232357 A1 EP 4232357A1 EP 21799275 A EP21799275 A EP 21799275A EP 4232357 A1 EP4232357 A1 EP 4232357A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ship
- mass
- gfs
- sensor units
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B79/00—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation
- B63B79/10—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using sensors, e.g. pressure sensors, strain gauges or accelerometers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/08—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for incorporation in vehicles
- G01G19/086—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for incorporation in vehicles wherein the vehicle mass is dynamically estimated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
- G01V7/02—Details
- G01V7/06—Analysis or interpretation of gravimetric records
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
- G01V7/16—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting specially adapted for use on moving platforms, e.g. ship, aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for determining the mass of a ship moving in water.
- the ship's mass is usually determined with the help of approximation methods that are based on determining the volume of the displaced water based on the ship's draft.
- approximation methods that are based on determining the volume of the displaced water based on the ship's draft.
- US Pat. No. 6,836,746 B2 discloses a sensor system that determines the payload of a ship by changing the position of a number of sensors mounted above the waterline by forming the difference between their sensor signals and the empty state of the ship.
- the ship's weight determined in this way is only available to the ship's crew and is largely unknown to the control authorities.
- the only freely available information for an independent ship mass determination is the draft of a respective ship via the automatic identification system, AIS for short.
- AIS automatic identification system
- Lin Wu et al. Automated gravity gradient tensor inversion for underwater object detection, Journal of geophysics and Engineering Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, UK, Vol. 7, No. 4, 26 Oct 2010 (2010-10- 26), pages 410-416
- Lin Wu et al. "Underwater Object Detection Based on Gravity Gradient", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letter, Vol. 7, No.2, April, 2010, each disclose an arrangement for massing - and shape determination of an underwater object, using a gradiometer capable of detecting a gravitational gradient. In order to be able to capture an underwater object with sufficient accuracy in this way, there must be a sufficient difference in density. During the gradiometer measurements, the underwater object must be at rest and only when the geometry and corresponding density distribution are known with sufficient accuracy can the mass of this special object be determined.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying an arrangement and a method for determining the mass of a ship moving in the water with a sufficiently high level of accuracy with which it is possible for authorities to carry out weight checks of ships while sailing through the water in order to be able to do this on the basis of take further steps if necessary based on the determined ship weights.
- the measures required for this should not affect shipping traffic in any way and should be able to be implemented independently of the ship's own control and measurement systems.
- claim 10 The solution to the problem on which the invention is based is specified in claim 1.
- the subject matter of claim 10 is a method according to the solution for determining the mass of a ship moving in the water. Furthermore, claims 14 ff.
- the arrangement according to the solution for determining the mass of a ship moving in the water uses the inherent mass influence of the ship's mass on the earth's gravitational field, which is quantitatively detected by sensors.
- the arrangement provides at least two gravitational field strength sensor units, GFS sensor units for short, which are mounted stationary relative to the moving ship at a known distance from one another.
- the arrangement includes an evaluation unit which, based on the at least two GFS Sensor units obtained measurement signals makes the mass determination of the ship.
- a gravimeter, an acceleration sensor or accelerometer or at least two time-synchronized atomic clocks are preferably suitable for the GFS sensor units.
- a relative gravimeter is preferably suitable for sensory detection of the change in the local gravitational field strength over time, which is caused in the above application by the presence of the mass of a ship. Since the currently largest container ships have a maximum mass of up to 200,000 tons, gravimeters that are as precise and high-resolution as possible are required in order to be able to determine the mass with an accuracy of 100 tons, preferably 10 tons, and less.
- the ultra-fine resolution gravimeters currently available are superconducting gravimeters, which measure the levitation height of a niobium ball over a superconducting ring, in which an electric current flows without resistance, using a capacitive measurement of the gravitational field strength at the location of the gravimeter with a measurement resolution of 0.1 nm/s 2 can capture.
- the GFS sensor units In order to influence the mass of a ship on the gravitational field at the location of the at least two GFS sensor units, which can be measured and recorded, it is necessary to arrange the GFS sensor units in the area of a movement trajectory of a ship to be measured so that the ship has the at least two GFS sensor units as close as possible happened close to space, preferably passed the GFS sensor units between the two GFS sensor units or particularly preferably passed one of the two GFS sensor units perpendicularly.
- the attachment of the GFS sensor units is particularly suitable in the area of a shipping channel or shipping route, preferably on or in the bottom of the shipping channel or route, so that ships passing through the channel pass over the GFS sensor units as close as possible and preferably vertically.
- the at least two GFS sensor units are connected via a cable connection to a separately arranged electrical power supply unit and the evaluation unit, in which the measurement signals obtained with the help of the GFS sensor units are used to determine the ship's mass .
- knowledge of the spatial position of the ship during the ship's passage relative to the GFS sensor units for determining the ship's mass is advantageous in order to achieve a desirable accuracy in determining the ship's mass.
- the spatial distance between the ship and the GFS sensor units as well as the lateral offset relative to the gravitational vector between the ship and the GFS sensor units are important.
- the exact ship position data is available via the Automatic Identification System (AIS) or via the Universal Automatic Identification System (IIAIS) or via the Long-Range-Identification and Tracking (LRIT) system and is freely accessible .
- AIS Automatic Identification System
- IIAIS Universal Automatic Identification System
- LRIT Long-Range-Identification and Tracking
- the accuracy with which the ship's mass can be determined on the basis of the sensor-detected change in gravitational field strength and the spatial relative position between the ship to be measured and the at least two GFS sensor units depends on the quality of the selected mathematical-numerical calculation model within the evaluation unit and the resolution capacity of the GFS -sensor units depend primarily on the measurement constellation, ie the spatial distance and the position of the ship to be measured and the GFS sensor units.
- a rough calculation shows that a ship's mass of 10 tons can cause a change in the gravitational field strength of 0.0667 nm/s 2 at a distance of 100 meters.
- the GFS sensor units with a Measuring frequency typically operated by at least 1 Hz, so that the influence of the ship's mass during the approach, the immediate passage of the ship and also the distance from the ship can be detected by the GFS sensor units.
- the GFS sensor units are installed directly at the bottom of the fairway, so that the ships can be guaranteed an ideal vertical passage via at least one of the two GFS sensor units. Furthermore, the measurement accuracy can be improved as the distance between the ship and the GFS sensor units decreases.
- the water depth which corresponds to the distance between the bottom of the fairway or the bottom of the fairway and the water surface, is around 16 meters on average for the Elbe between Hamburg and Cuxhaven, for example, and up to 70 meters for the adjacent North Sea. With such water depths and the associated relatively small distances between the ship and the GFS sensor units, it should be possible to accurately measure ship masses with a resolution of less than 10 tons, i.e. down to 1 ton.
- the GFS sensor units are designed together with an electrical energy supply unit, preferably in the form of a battery or an accumulator, as autonomously operating structural units, in which a wireless communication unit is also integrated for transmitting the measurement signals to a separately arranged evaluation unit.
- an electrical energy supply unit preferably in the form of a battery or an accumulator
- a wireless communication unit is also integrated for transmitting the measurement signals to a separately arranged evaluation unit.
- the arrangement of the multiplicity of GFS sensor units can be selected in a linear pattern or array-shaped grid pattern at the bottom of a fairway depending on the size of the ships to be surveyed.
- the GFS sensor units are preferably operated at least immediately before, during and after a ship passage in a measurement mode in which the GFS sensor units deliver measured values with a measurement frequency of at least 1 Hz.
- the time-discrete recording of measured values with a sampling frequency of at least 1 Hz also makes it possible to use the measured values obtained during the ship's passage as a basis for determining a mass distribution of the ship. Since the geometric data of the respective ship, i.e. length and width, are known, e.g. can be taken from the AIS information, the signal amplitude variations occurring in the measurement signals during the ship's passage can be evaluated and assessed for different mass distributions within the ship.
- a measuring arrangement can be established which makes it possible to determine the ship's mass independently, ie completely autonomously. Therefore, the mass of a ship arriving in port and leaving port can be measured and compared to the information provided by the ship owner.
- the movement of goods and goods can be efficiently traced and any anomalies can be reported to the customs and security authorities. If there are larger inexplicable deviations, this can be an indication of improperly declared goods or smuggled goods are counted. If the system, as proposed, is used in all larger European ports, for example, then the intra-European movement of goods can be efficiently traced in this way.
- Fig. 1 Representation of the measurement arrangement at the bottom of a shipping channel
- Fig. 5 Representation of the underlying measurement principle, which is based on the difference in the position of the center of mass between the ship and the displaced water mass, as well as
- Figure 1 illustrates a side view of a fairway F along which a ship 3 on the water surface 1 with a preferably constant
- the fairway F has a water depth T that corresponds to the distance between the water surface and the bottom 2 of the fairway.
- At least two, preferably three or more gravitational field strength (GFS) sensor units 4 are attached at location A, B, B' on or in the fairway bottom 2, which the ship 3 drives over perpendicularly in the state shown according to FIG.
- GFS gravitational field strength
- the GFS sensor unit 4 which is preferably designed as a superconducting gravimeter, measures the locally prevailing gravitational field strength g with a measuring frequency of at least 1 Hz.
- FIG. 2 shows a measurement diagram with an abscissa as the time axis t and an ordinate along which the measurement signals received from the GFS sensor unit are plotted, each representing the time-resolved gravitational field strength g.
- the local minimum shown in the measurement curve is due to the passage of the ship 3 over the GFS sensor unit, i.e. at the moment of maximum approach between the center of gravity of the ship 3 and the GFS sensor unit attached to the bottom of the shipping channel 2, the gravitational field strength g increases locally the ship's own gravity.
- the quantitative decrease in the local gravitational field strength at the location of the GFS sensor unit is essentially proportional to the mass of the ship. On the basis of this change in the measured value, conclusions can be drawn about the total mass of the ship.
- the ship's mass is calculated in an evaluation unit 6, to which the measurement signals of the GFS sensor unit 4 are transmitted in a cable-bound or wireless manner for evaluation and ship mass determination.
- the evaluation unit 6 receives the exact ones, for example via AIS Position data of the ship in order to be able to determine the relative position between the GFS sensor unit and the ship.
- the evaluation unit is preferably land-based and arranged so that it is accessible to a monitoring authority.
- the ship 3 drives over the GFS sensor unit 4, 5 perpendicularly above the locations of the GFS sensor units 4, 5, which are arranged one behind the other in FIG. 3a.
- the mass of the ship 3 is able to act against gravity at the locations of the GFS sensor units 4, 5, so that in this case a maximum influence of the ship's mass can be measured at the locations of the GFS sensor units 4.
- This constellation can be achieved if the GFS sensor units 4, 5 are arranged along a shipping channel that is sufficiently narrow, preferably measuring less than 300 meters.
- the GFS sensor units 4, 5 also serve as a position detector in order to be able to record the ship's position with sufficient accuracy during the crossing.
- FIG. 3b illustrates the case in which the GFS sensor units 4, 5 are arranged on the bottom of a shipping channel or shipping route in such a way that the ship 3 does not drive over the GFS sensor units 4, 5 vertically, but offset to the side. Due to the at least two GFS sensor units 4 and the measurement signals that can be determined with them, the ship's weight and also the ship's position can be determined with sufficient accuracy. In addition, information about the mass or
- Figure 4 illustrates a measurement arrangement using two time-synchronous atomic clocks as GFS sensor units, of which a first atomic clock 4 is arranged on the seabed 2 and a second atomic clock 5 at another location where the presence of the ship's mass has no measurable influence on the local has a gravitational field. Due to the spatial proximity of the ship mass of a ship preferably perpendicularly passing the atomic clock 4 arranged on the seabed 2
- the measurement signals obtained with the measurement arrangements described above are used to determine the mass of a ship whose ship mass basically corresponds to the water mass displaced by the ship.
- the ship's center of mass and the center of mass of the displaced water mass are not in the same position.
- the gravitational effect of the ship's mass and that of the displaced water mass are identical, but the locations from which these gravitational effects emanate do not match.
- This difference in position forms the metrological basis for using gravimeters or accelerometers to measure the local gravitational field changes caused by a moving ship and to infer the mass of a passing ship from the measurement data obtained in this way.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view through a shipping lane or channel along which a ship with a constant speed v runs. It is assumed that the ship 3 has a direction of travel oriented orthogonally to the plane of the drawing, which corresponds to the y-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, the x- and z-axes of which can be seen in FIG.
- Two gravitational field strength sensor units 4, 5 are attached to the seabed or shipping channel bottom 2 at a distance a from one another along the x-axis.
- the ship 3 has a center of mass Ps whose spatial position is a distance k vertically above the center of mass of the water Pw displaced by the ship 3, i.e.
- the values for Ag t in [m/s 2 ] are given along the ordinate in the diagram, the time scale in seconds is shown along the abscissa, with a ship approaching in the time range -60 s to ⁇ 0 s and a ship distance in the time range greater than 0 Seconds to 60 seconds At time 0 seconds, the ship crosses over the gravitational field strength sensor units 4, 5.
- the above equation for Ag t can be formulated for each of the measurement points shown in the diagram in FIG. 6, resulting in a non-linear system of equations.
- the zero point of the horizontal x-axis was placed in the curve maximum, which corresponds to the point in time at which the radial distance between ship and sensor becomes minimum.
- the parameter k which represents the spatial distance between the centers of mass with regard to the ship's mass and the displaced water mass, it can be assumed that k is several meters for container ships.
- the variables x, v and z can be solved by stochastic inversion of the system of equations. Expected intervals are defined for this, which allow a deviation of ⁇ 50% from the parameters selected above. Parameter combinations for m, v, x, z and k are used iteratively in the above equation. The calculated curves are compared to the synthetic (measured) data to determine the combination of parameters that best explains the data. In order to obtain usable inversion results, data for at least two sensors with different x, y and z positions must be used.
- Additional data sources additional sensor units, AIS data, water levels, weather data, GPS data of accompanying pilots, cameras, laser-based range finders, ...
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
- Navigation (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20203863.4A EP3988442A1 (de) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Anordnung sowie verfahren zur massenbestimmung eines sich im wasser fortbewegenden schiffes |
| PCT/EP2021/079665 WO2022090217A1 (de) | 2020-10-26 | 2021-10-26 | Anordnung sowie verfahren zur massenbestimmung eines sich im wasser fortbewegenden schiffes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4232357A1 true EP4232357A1 (de) | 2023-08-30 |
Family
ID=73020079
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20203863.4A Withdrawn EP3988442A1 (de) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Anordnung sowie verfahren zur massenbestimmung eines sich im wasser fortbewegenden schiffes |
| EP21799275.9A Pending EP4232357A1 (de) | 2020-10-26 | 2021-10-26 | Anordnung sowie verfahren zur massenbestimmung eines sich im wasser fortbewegenden schiffes |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20203863.4A Withdrawn EP3988442A1 (de) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Anordnung sowie verfahren zur massenbestimmung eines sich im wasser fortbewegenden schiffes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12545377B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3988442A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022090217A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6836746B2 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2004-12-28 | Control Stuff, Inc. | Method and apparatus for calculating the payload on a water-borne vessel |
| US7240550B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2007-07-10 | Vega Grieshaber Kg | Method and apparatus for material indentification by means of gravitational field analysis |
| US20100153050A1 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-06-17 | Zumberge Mark A | Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Borne Gravity Meter |
| EP3241038B1 (de) * | 2014-12-30 | 2019-05-29 | Centro per gli Studi di Tecnica Navale CETENA S.p.A. | Strukturüberwachungssystem des rumpfes eines schiffes mit integriertem navigationsentscheidungsunterstützungssystem |
| CN106052694B (zh) * | 2016-07-11 | 2017-03-15 | 中南大学 | 基于重力矢量及其梯度张量对单个运动物体进行定位跟踪的方法 |
| US11001392B1 (en) * | 2019-11-10 | 2021-05-11 | John Timothy Kern | System of hardware and software for determining the weight and center of gravity location of an airplane or other vehicles, like a forklift, truck, and maritime vessel |
-
2020
- 2020-10-26 EP EP20203863.4A patent/EP3988442A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-10-26 US US18/032,943 patent/US12545377B2/en active Active
- 2021-10-26 WO PCT/EP2021/079665 patent/WO2022090217A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-10-26 EP EP21799275.9A patent/EP4232357A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3988442A1 (de) | 2022-04-27 |
| WO2022090217A1 (de) | 2022-05-05 |
| US12545377B2 (en) | 2026-02-10 |
| US20230399083A1 (en) | 2023-12-14 |
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