EP4225628A1 - Sensorvorrichtung und verfahren zu einer überwachung eines kopplungszustands eines kopplungselements - Google Patents
Sensorvorrichtung und verfahren zu einer überwachung eines kopplungszustands eines kopplungselementsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4225628A1 EP4225628A1 EP21793872.9A EP21793872A EP4225628A1 EP 4225628 A1 EP4225628 A1 EP 4225628A1 EP 21793872 A EP21793872 A EP 21793872A EP 4225628 A1 EP4225628 A1 EP 4225628A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- coupling element
- trailer
- coupling
- towing vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D53/00—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains
- B62D53/04—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a vehicle carrying an essential part of the other vehicle's load by having supporting means for the front or rear part of the other vehicle
- B62D53/08—Fifth wheel traction couplings
- B62D53/0842—King pins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/58—Auxiliary devices
- B60D1/62—Auxiliary devices involving supply lines, electric circuits or the like
- B60D1/64—Couplings or joints therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D53/00—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains
- B62D53/04—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a vehicle carrying an essential part of the other vehicle's load by having supporting means for the front or rear part of the other vehicle
- B62D53/08—Fifth wheel traction couplings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor device according to the preamble of claim 1, a towing vehicle according to claim 15, an autonomous tractor according to claim 16, a trailer according to claim 17, a combination according to claim 18 and a method according to the preamble of claim 19 .
- the object of the invention consists in particular in providing a generic device with advantageous properties with regard to monitoring the coupling status between trailer and towing vehicle.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claims 1, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, while advantageous configurations and developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
- the invention is based on a sensor device for monitoring a coupling state of a coupling element, in particular a coupling bolt, preferably a kingpin, of a trailer, in particular a semi-trailer, with a corresponding coupling element of a towing vehicle, in particular a semi-trailer tractor, with at least one sensor which is at least provided for this purpose is to recognize, in particular to detect, a relative position of the coupling elements to one another, preferably a relative position of the coupling element and/or the corresponding coupling element to the sensor, in particular to a detection surface of the sensor.
- a coupling element in particular a coupling bolt, preferably a kingpin
- a towing vehicle in particular a semi-trailer tractor
- at least one sensor which is at least provided for this purpose is to recognize, in particular to detect, a relative position of the coupling elements to one another, preferably a relative position of the coupling element and/or the corresponding coupling element to the sensor, in particular to
- the senor is in the form of an ultra wideband sensor.
- a particularly reliable detection of the coupling state can advantageously be achieved.
- the use of UWB technology which in particular is only insignificantly influenced by metal chips or lubricants, enables reliable detection of the coupling state even in the case of heavily soiled coupling elements.
- reliable radar detection of the coupling element can be made possible by using the UWB technology even in the case of restricted space conditions (eg distances in the range of a few centimetres).
- a particularly robust and error-free detection of the coupling state can advantageously be made possible.
- an advantageous suitability for autonomously driving towing vehicles and/or towing vehicles can be achieved.
- a particularly simple detection of the coupling state can advantageously be achieved.
- the complexity of the sensor device for detecting the coupling state can advantageously be reduced.
- the sensor device is provided to detect a coupled state of the coupling elements, in which the trailer is fastened to the towing vehicle in a loss-proof manner.
- the sensor device is provided to detect a decoupled state of the coupling elements, in which the trailer is completely separated from the towing vehicle.
- the sensor device is provided to detect a faulty and/or only partially coupled state of the coupling elements, in which the trailer is attached to the towing vehicle in an uncertain manner, for example not in a loss-proof manner.
- the coupling element is fixedly mounted on the trailer.
- the coupling element is designed as a king pin (king pin), preferably as a 2-inch king pin or as a 3.5-inch king pin.
- the king pin can be at least partially covered with a lubricant to reduce tribological effects, e.g.
- the coupling elements are provided to engage and/or snap into one another for attachment of the trailer to the towing vehicle.
- the corresponding coupling element of the towing vehicle is intended to hold the coupling element of the trailer in the coupled state so that it cannot be lost.
- a towing vehicle is to be understood in particular as a motor-driven towing vehicle which, with the exception of the people and objects in a driver's cab, is itself not intended to transport people or transport goods.
- the towing vehicle is preferably provided for towing the trailer.
- the towing vehicle in addition to towing the trailer, is intended to transport people or transport goods.
- the towing vehicle is designed as a towing vehicle, in particular a semi-trailer tractor.
- a trailer is to be understood in particular as a vehicle that has a loading area for Carriage of goods or people, but does not have its own drive and which is intended to be towed behind towing vehicles or tractors.
- “Provided” should be understood to mean, in particular, specially programmed, designed and/or equipped.
- the fact that an object is provided for a specific function is to be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and/or executes this specific function in at least one application and/or operating state.
- the sensor device is preferably at least partially integrated into the towing vehicle and/or the trailer.
- the sensor device, in particular the sensor is designed separately from the towing vehicle and/or the trailer and/or that the sensor device, in particular the sensor, can be detachably attached to the towing vehicle or to the trailer.
- the sensor device, in particular the sensor can be retrofitted to the towing vehicle or to the trailer and/or that coupling processes of towing vehicle-trailer combinations (trailer combinations) are monitored without an integrated monitoring option for the coupling status between the towing vehicle and the trailer.
- a “sensor” should preferably be understood to mean a technical component that can detect at least one, preferably several, physical property(s) of its environment.
- the sensor is intended to detect spatial, preferably moving, objects, in particular the coupling element of the trailer and/or a coupling claw of the corresponding coupling element, and/or to determine information about physical properties of these objects, for example a relative position to the sensor.
- the sensor has a field of view within which the sensor is able to sense objects.
- the sensor is preferably also able to sense objects that are moving very slowly or are stationary.
- An “ultra-wideband sensor” is to be understood in particular as a sensor emitting electromagnetic waves, in particular wave packets, the emitted electromagnetic waves, in particular the emitted wave packets, covering a particularly large bandwidth, preferably a bandwidth of more than 500 MHz.
- the wave packets emitted by the ultra-wideband sensor include a multiplicity of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, which preferably have a fixed phase relationship to one another.
- the ultra-wideband sensor is preferably designed as an ultra-wideband radar sensor.
- the ultra-broadband sensor detects a reflection signal of the emitted electromagnetic waves, in particular the emitted wave packets, for detecting the objects that are moved and/or arranged in the field of view of the sensor.
- the ultra-wideband sensor preferably detects a transit time difference in the reflection signal, it being possible in particular to infer a distance from the reflecting object from the transit time difference.
- the ultra wideband sensor is preferably operated continuously.
- the ultra-broadband sensor preferably does not emit any pulse signals, so that advantageously no measurement interruption is necessary for receiving pulse responses.
- a particularly high measuring speed can advantageously be made possible, which in particular allows a high measuring accuracy and/or a measurement of objects at a particularly high speed.
- the ultra-wideband sensor can be operated in a pulsed manner. Influencing and/or interference with other radio transmission methods, in particular other narrow-band radio transmission methods such as LoRa, 5G or WLAN (in particular 802.11 p), can advantageously also be prevented by using ultra-wideband sensor technology.
- “Provided” means specifically programmed, designed and/or equipped be understood. The fact that an object is provided for a specific function is to be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and/or executes this specific function in at least one application and/or operating state.
- the senor be provided to detect, in particular to detect, a position of the coupling element arranged and/or moved in the field of view of the sensor or a position of the corresponding coupling element arranged and/or moved in the field of view of the sensor.
- the sensor moves with the coupling element or with the corresponding coupling element.
- the sensor is intended to determine a distance of the coupling element arranged and/or moved in the field of view of the sensor from the sensor or a distance of the corresponding coupling element arranged and/or moved in the field of view of the sensor from the sensor.
- the senor is provided to detect a position of a clutch claw of the corresponding coupling element, in particular a fifth wheel plate of the corresponding coupling element, which is arranged and/or moved in a particularly broader field of view of the sensor.
- a particularly advantageous properties can be achieved with regard to monitoring the coupling state between the trailer and the towing vehicle.
- a particularly reliable detection of the coupling state of the corresponding coupling element can advantageously be achieved.
- a high level of security can advantageously be achieved.
- the ultra wideband sensor includes at least one first sensor antenna.
- the first sensor antenna preferably has the field of view oriented in a first direction.
- the ultra wideband sensor includes at least a second sensor antenna.
- the second sensor antenna preferably has the, in particular further, field of view, which is aligned in a second direction.
- the field of view of the first sensor antenna and the, in particular further, field of view of the second sensor antenna are in particular aligned in different, preferably opposite, directions.
- the ultra-wideband sensor preferably comprises two sensor antennas oriented in different directions, with one of the sensor antennas monitoring the coupling element or the further coupling element and with another of the sensor antennas monitoring the coupling claw of the corresponding coupling element.
- the sensor is provided to detect a position of the coupling claw relative to the coupling element, in particular the king pin.
- the sensor is provided at least to detect at least three operating states of the clutch claw, preferably to differentiate between them.
- a first operating state is preferably configured as a “clutch claw closed” operating state, in which the clutch claw is in particular in a securing position in which removal of the coupling element from the coupling region is prevented.
- a second operating state is preferably configured as a “clutch claw open” operating state, in which the clutch claw is in particular in an open position, in which the coupling element can be removed from the coupling region.
- a third operating state is preferably configured as a “clutch claw in a critical intermediate position” operating state, in which the clutch claw is in a position that is different from the open position and from the secured position.
- the ultra-wideband sensor is intended to simultaneously determine a coupling height of the trailer relative to the towing vehicle, a position of the coupling element, in particular the kingpin, of the trailer in a coupling area of the corresponding coupling element and a closed state of the coupling claw of the corresponding To detect coupling element. Since at least one separate sensor was previously required for each of these parameters, a number of sensors can now advantageously be reduced as a result.
- the ultra-wideband sensor is based on M-sequence technology.
- M-sequence signals are advantageously less noisy, in particular in comparison with (UWB) pulse signals and/or with (UWB) sinusoidal signals.
- M-sequence signals are advantageously less susceptible to interference, in particular in comparison with (UWB) pulse signals and/or with (UWB) sinusoidal signals.
- M-sequence signals especially in comparison with (UWB) pulse signals and/or with (UWB) sinusoidal signals, cause little interference with other applications, for example narrow-band radio applications such as LoRa, 5G or WLAN (especially 802.11p).
- M-sequence signals are only slightly influenced by signals from other radio sources, for example narrow-band radio applications such as LoRa, 5G or WLAN (especially 802.11 p), especially in comparison with (UWB) pulse signals and/or with (UWB) sinusoidal signals and/or disturbed.
- the M-sequence signals advantageously enable a simultaneous measurement over an entire (UWB) frequency range of the sensors, so that several thousand measurements per second can be made possible.
- M-sequence is to be understood in particular as a pseudo-random, binary sequence known under the technical terms “maximum length sequence” or a “sequence of maximum length”.
- the M-sequence represents a pseudo-noise sequence.
- the M-sequence has a flat frequency spectrum, which preferably resembles white noise.
- the ultra-wideband sensor is provided to generate a signal based on the M-sequence and/or formed by an M-sequence, in particular a pseudo-noise signal, and send out.
- the M-sequence signal can be generated by means of feedback shift registers.
- the sensor module includes at least one circuit for generating the M-sequence, which preferably has an N-stage shift register for generating the M-sequence.
- the ultra-wideband sensor includes a transmission unit which generates and emits an M-sequence transmission signal.
- the electromagnetic waves emitted by the ultra-wideband sensor, in particular the wave packets emitted by the ultra-wideband sensor form the M-sequence transmission signal. Determining the phase relationships of the large number of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies emitted by the ultra-broadband sensor, in particular the wave packet, preferably determines whether the transmitted signal emitted is an impulsive signal or whether it forms an M-sequence in the time domain.
- the ultra-wideband sensor includes a receiving unit, which receives portions of the M-sequence transmission signal reflected by an object.
- the ultra-wideband sensor includes an evaluation unit which evaluates the received reflected M-sequence transmission signal and uses it to determine at least one distance of the reflecting object.
- the measurement and the measurement result of the ultra-wideband sensor with the M-sequence technology are advantageously at least essentially unaffected by layers of fat, dirt and/or ice and by rain and/or fog in the area of a measurement path of the ultra-wideband sensor.
- the ultra-wideband sensor operates in a frequency range between 100 MHz and 6 GHz with a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz, preferably at least 1 GHz, preferably at least 2 GHz, more preferably at least 4 GHz and particularly preferably at least 5.5 GHz, and/or in a frequency range between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz with a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz, preferably at least 1 GHz, preferably at least 1.5 GHz, more preferably at least 2 GHz and particularly preferably at least 2.5 GHz.
- This can advantageously one, in particular Mutual interference from other radio sources such as LoRa, 5G or WLAN (especially 802.11 p) can be avoided.
- a particularly high spatial resolution and/or a particularly low minimum measurement distance can advantageously be achieved, in particular due to the high bandwidth of the frequency range between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz.
- no radio licenses are advantageously required for these frequency ranges, particularly if a transmission power is in a range of -41.3 dbm/MHz.
- the transmission power of the ultra wideband sensor is preferably -41.3 dbm/MHz or below.
- the frequency band between 100 MHz and 6 GHz and/or the frequency band between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz is provided at least for a distance measurement, in particular also in the close range of the sensor.
- the sensor module in particular the sensor or at least two sensors of the sensor module, measures and/or is operated at least partially simultaneously or alternately in both frequency bands (100 MHz to 6 GHz and 6 GHz to 8.5 GHz).
- the usable field of view of the sensor in particular in addition to a long range, includes a part of a close range of the sensor, safe and/or reliable monitoring of the coupling process can advantageously be made possible, in particular even with relatively high movement speeds of the coupling elements and cramped spaces. In particular, this advantageously enables the towing vehicle to be guided, preferably in an automated manner, during the coupling process.
- a “usable field of view” is to be understood in particular as that part of the sensor's field of view in which a reliable distance measurement of objects moving in the field of view relative to the sensor is possible.
- a “reliable distance measurement” is to be understood in particular as a distance measurement with an accuracy of at least 5 cm, preferably at least 3 cm, preferably at least 1.5 cm and particularly preferably at least 0.5 cm.
- a “near area” is to be understood in particular as an area that is formed from points that are at a distance from the sensor, in particular from the transmitter unit of the sensor and/or from the receiver unit, which is at most 0.15 m, preferably at most 0.1 m, advantageously at most 0.05 m, preferably at most 0.03 m and particularly preferably at most is 0.015 m.
- the ultra-broadband sensor is advantageously able to measure in an area of the sensor in which conventional lidar and/or radar measuring devices are blind, in particular due to their finitely extended transmission pulse and reception pulse lengths.
- the usable field of view of the sensor in particular an antenna surface of the sensor, has a minimum surface area of at least 1 cm x 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm x 2 cm, preferably at least 4 cm x 4 cm, advantageously at least 6 cm x 6 cm and particularly preferably at most 8 cm x 8 cm.
- a particularly reliable detection of the coupling state can advantageously be achieved, for example by enabling reliable discrimination of small metal chips located in the field of view of the sensor.
- Reliable detection of the real dimensions of a kingpin can advantageously be achieved, for example, even if this is covered by a smear layer interspersed with metal chips.
- a sensor module that completely encompasses the sensor is preferably dimensioned in such a way that it can be integrated into a fifth wheel plate, into a kingpin or into a kingpin plate.
- it is advantageously possible to achieve simple integration into existing coupling components. This advantageously allows integration into a limited available installation space.
- a high degree of compactness of the sensor device can advantageously be achieved.
- no redesign of the dimensions of existing saddle plates, kingpins or kingpin plates is required. As a result, a high level of acceptance and rapid dissemination can advantageously be achieved.
- the sensor module in particular a sensor housing surrounding the sensor, is preferably dimensioned in such a way that its maximum extent in at least two mutually perpendicular spatial directions is less than 15 cm, preferably less than 10 cm and preferably less than 7 cm.
- a smallest imaginary cuboid, which completely encloses the sensor module, in particular the sensor housing, preferably has at least two mutually perpendicular side edges which are smaller than 15 cm, preferably smaller than 10 cm and preferably smaller than 7 cm.
- the smallest imaginary cuboid that completely encloses the sensor module, in particular the sensor housing is preferably smaller than 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm, advantageously smaller
- the senor be integrated into the towing vehicle, in particular into a fifth wheel plate of the semitrailer tractor.
- the sensor be integrated into the towing vehicle, in particular into a fifth wheel plate of the semitrailer tractor.
- a coupling process carried out by a towing vehicle that is at least partially driving autonomously.
- Reliable and precise monitoring of the coupling element of the trailer by the towing vehicle can advantageously be made possible.
- Permanent monitoring of the coupling status of the corresponding coupling element assigned to the towing vehicle can advantageously be achieved.
- the corresponding coupling element preferably the saddle plate, forms a component of the sensor device through the integration of the sensor.
- the corresponding coupling element assigned to the towing vehicle forms the coupling area, which is preferably provided for receiving the coupling element of the trailer.
- the sensor is arranged in the vicinity of the coupling area.
- the senor is at least partially integrated in a part of the fifth wheel plate that delimits the coupling area and/or in the coupling area integrated into the limiting surface of the saddle plate.
- the sensor is arranged in a partial area of the saddle plate opposite a horizontal opening of the coupling area.
- the sensor is intended to monitor the coupling area.
- the field of view of the sensor preferably covers at least a large part of the coupling area.
- a “large part” should be understood to mean in particular at least 51%, preferably at least 66% and preferably at least 80%.
- At least part of the sensor in particular at least one sensor antenna of the sensor, be integrated into a surface of the corresponding coupling element of the towing vehicle, which in a proper coupling state between the towing vehicle and the trailer is at least one surface of the coupling element of the trailer, in particular one King pin of the semi-trailer, or at least one surface of a retaining plate to which the coupling element of the trailer is attached, in particular a king pin plate of the semi-trailer, is arranged opposite.
- a particularly reliable detection of the coupling state can advantageously be achieved.
- a field of view of the first sensor antenna is aligned in such a way that it enables the coupling area to be monitored.
- a field of view of the second sensor antenna is aligned in such a way that it enables monitoring of the coupling claw pivoting in and out of the coupling area.
- the field of view of the second sensor antenna is aligned in particular vertically downwards or vertically upwards.
- the integration of a sensor part in a surface is to be understood in particular as meaning that the sensor part forms part of the surface, with one or more protective layers and/or protective covers covering the sensor part on the outside preferably being assigned to the sensor part, in particular the sensor surface.
- the “proper coupling state” is to be understood in particular as meaning a state of a vehicle combination in which the trailer is captively attached to the towing vehicle.
- the senor is integrated in the trailer, in particular in a kingpin or in a kingpin plate of the semitrailer of a semitrailer.
- a coupling process relating to the trailer in particular a coupling process carried out by a towing vehicle that is at least partially driving autonomously.
- Reliable and precise monitoring of the approach of the coupling element to the corresponding coupling element of the towing vehicle, in particular to the coupling area of the fifth wheel plate can advantageously be made possible.
- Permanent monitoring of the coupling status of the coupling element assigned to the trailer can advantageously be achieved.
- the coupling element forms a component of the sensor device through the integration of the sensor.
- the sensor is integrated into a surface of the kingpin or the kingpin plate.
- the sensor is arranged on a partial area of the surface of the king pin lying outwards in the radial direction (horizontal direction) or in a part of the king pin plate pointing downwards in the vertical direction.
- the sensor is provided to monitor a positioning of the corresponding coupling element in the coupling area.
- the senor is integrated into a surface of the coupling element of the trailer, which is arranged opposite at least one surface of the corresponding coupling element of the towing vehicle, in particular a fifth wheel plate of the semitrailer tractor, when the towing vehicle and the trailer are properly coupled.
- At least one measuring surface of the sensor integrated into the towing vehicle or trailer is embedded in the surface of the respective coupling element in such a way that the measuring surface of the integrated sensor is submerged relative to the surfaces of the towing vehicle or trailer surrounding the integrated sensor.
- a high degree of operational reliability of the sensor device can advantageously be achieved.
- damage to the sensor, in particular to the surface of the sensor forming the measuring surface, which, in particular for operational reasons, cannot be formed from metal can be reduced, for example by abrasion.
- the measurement area is designed as the area of the sensor over which the ultra-wideband measurement signal is emitted.
- the measuring surface is designed as the surface of the sensor over which the reflected ultra-wideband signal is received again.
- the first sensor antenna has a first measurement area.
- the second sensor antenna has a second measurement area, which is designed differently from the first measurement area and/or is oriented differently than the first measurement area.
- the sensor has at least one third measuring surface, which is assigned, for example, to a third sensor antenna that is oriented in a third direction, for example vertically upwards.
- the at least one measuring surface is at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 1 mm, advantageously at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm and preferably at most 20 mm relative to the surface of the towing vehicle surrounding the measuring surface, in particular the saddle plate, or the trailer, in particular of the king pin or the king pin plate, sunk.
- a sink resulting from the countersinking of the measuring surface can possibly be clogged with lubricant during operation, whereby the functional capability of the UWB sensor remains at least essentially unaffected.
- the lubricant located in the countersink of the measuring surface can possibly even be used to further increase the protection against abrasion.
- the senor has a surface in a direction facing the field of view, which is made of a non-conductive material, in particular a non-metallic material, preferably at least for the most part made of a ceramic, a glass and/or a Plastic is formed.
- a high efficiency of the sensor measurement can advantageously be achieved.
- the sensor housing of the sensor is preferably made of the non-metallic material, at least in the area of the sensor antenna(s).
- the sensor device has a control and/or regulating unit, which is intended to evaluate a reflection signal from the ultra-wideband sensor and, depending on the evaluated reflection signal, to generate a coupling confirmation signal, a decoupling confirmation signal or a "coupling process Irunning" signal release the tow vehicle.
- control of the at least partially autonomously driving towing vehicle can advantageously be made possible.
- a high level of security can advantageously be achieved in that faulty or incomplete couplings can be easily detected.
- a “control and/or regulation unit” is to be understood in particular as a unit with at least one electronic control system.
- Control electronics is to be understood in particular as a unit with a processor unit, in particular a processor, and with a storage unit, in particular a storage medium, and with an operating program stored in the storage unit.
- the control and/or regulation unit is provided to evaluate a reflection signal of the ultra-broadband sensor and to automatically filter out interference signals, for example interference signals generated by metal chips arranged between the coupling elements.
- interference signals for example interference signals generated by metal chips arranged between the coupling elements.
- the open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit searches for structures of a specific, known size in the reflection signal, which approximately corresponds to a size of the object to be detected, for example the king pin.
- the tax and/or the control unit looks for structures in the reflection signal, the surface of which is approximately the same distance away over a larger area. For example, in a typical detection of a kingpin covered with lubricant containing metal filings, a few percent, e.g
- control and/or regulation unit is intended to identify the metal chips and to ignore them when determining the position and/or distance.
- the towing vehicle in particular the towing vehicle, preferably the semitrailer tractor, is proposed with the corresponding coupling element, preferably designed as a saddle plate, and with the sensor device integrated into the corresponding coupling element.
- the coupling process can advantageously be simplified and/or at least partially automated.
- an at least partially autonomously driving tractor in particular a semi-trailer tractor
- a corresponding coupling element preferably designed as a saddle plate
- the sensor device integrated into the corresponding coupling element, with depending on the evaluation of the reflection signal of the ultra-wideband sensor by the control and/or or control unit, a propulsion of the at least partially autonomously driving tractor, in particular the semi-trailer tractor, is blocked or released.
- the propulsion of the at least partially autonomously driving tractor is blocked if the ultra-wideband sensor detects an incomplete or faulty coupling between the coupling element and the corresponding coupling element detected.
- the propulsion of the at least partially autonomously driving tractor is enabled when the ultra-wideband sensor detects a complete and/or proper coupling between the coupling element and the corresponding coupling element.
- the control and/or regulation unit communicates with an on-board computer of the at least partially autonomous tractor.
- the control and/or regulation unit is designed in one piece with the on-board computer of the at least partially autonomous tractor.
- two units are designed “partially in one piece” is to be understood in particular to mean that the units have at least one, in particular at least two, advantageously at least three common elements that are a component, in particular a functionally important component, of both units.
- a "partially autonomous tractor” is to be understood in particular as a tractor that drives at least part of the time or in at least one driving mode, for example a parking mode or a coupling and/or decoupling mode for coupling and/or decoupling a trailer without the influence of a human driver and can control. It is also conceivable that the towing vehicle is designed as a fully autonomously driving towing vehicle.
- the trailer in particular the semi-trailer, is proposed with the coupling element, preferably comprising the kingpin and the kingpin plate, and with the sensor device integrated in the coupling element, in particular in the kingpin or in the kingpin plate.
- the coupling process can advantageously be simplified and/or at least partially automated.
- a method for monitoring the coupling state of the coupling element, in particular a coupling bolt, preferably the kingpin, of the trailer, in particular the semi-trailer, with the corresponding coupling element of the towing vehicle, in particular the semi-trailer tractor having a detection step in which a position of the coupling element , which is arranged and/or moved in the field of view of the sensor, is detected or in which a position of the corresponding coupling element, which is arranged and/or moved in the field of view of the sensor, is detected, the position of the coupling element or the position of the corresponding coupling element is detected in the detection step of the designed as an ultra wideband sensor sensor.
- the sensor device according to the invention, the towing vehicle according to the invention, the autonomously driving tractor according to the invention, the trailer according to the invention, the combination according to the invention and the method according to the invention should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above.
- the sensor device according to the invention, the towing vehicle according to the invention, the autonomously driving tractor according to the invention, the trailer according to the invention, the vehicle combination according to the invention and the method according to the invention can have a number of individual elements, components, method steps and units that differ from a number specified herein in order to fulfill a function described herein have number.
- FIG. 1 shows a combination with a trailer and a towing vehicle
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a coupling element of the trailer
- FIG. 3a shows a schematic representation of a front side of a corresponding coupling element of the towing vehicle
- 3b shows a schematic representation of a rear side of the corresponding coupling element of the towing vehicle
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic, partially sectioned representation of a portion of the coupling elements of the vehicle combination with a sensor device
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic perspective view of a section of the corresponding coupling element surrounding a coupling region of the corresponding coupling element
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method for monitoring the coupling state
- FIG 7 shows an alternative coupling element of an alternative trailer with an alternative sensor device.
- the 1 shows a team 48a with a trailer 12a and a towing vehicle 16a.
- the team 48a is designed as a semi-trailer truck.
- the trailer 12a is as trained a semi-trailer.
- the towing vehicle 16a is designed as a tractor unit.
- the towing vehicle 16a is designed as a partially autonomously driving towing vehicle. It is also conceivable for the towing vehicle 16a to be in the form of a fully autonomously driving towing vehicle.
- the semi-autonomous tractor has a control and/or regulating unit 42a.
- the control and/or regulating unit 42a is provided to control, preferably to block or release, a propulsion of the at least partially autonomous tractor depending on signals output by a sensor device 44a.
- the trailer 12a has a coupling element 10a (see FIG. 2).
- the coupling element 10a of the trailer 12a is designed as a king pin 34a.
- the coupling element 10a of the trailer 12a is attached to the trailer 12a by means of a retaining plate 36a.
- the holding plate 36a is designed as a king pin plate.
- the coupling element 10a is provided for establishing a coupled state between the trailer 12a and the towing vehicle 16a.
- the coupling element 10a forms part of a saddle coupling 54a.
- the towing vehicle 16a has a corresponding coupling element 14a (cf. FIGS. 3a and 3b).
- the corresponding coupling element 14a is designed as a saddle plate 26a.
- the corresponding coupling element 14a is provided for establishing the coupled state between the trailer 12a and the towing vehicle 16a.
- the corresponding coupling element 14a forms part of the saddle coupling 54a.
- the coupling element 10a is intended to interact with the corresponding coupling element 14a to produce the coupled state.
- the corresponding coupling element 14a forms a coupling area 62a.
- the coupling region 62a is provided to at least partially accommodate and/or at least partially enclose the coupling element 10a in order to establish a proper coupling state.
- the coupling portion 62a has a lateral opening 40a on.
- the coupling element 10a can be introduced laterally into the coupling area 62a and/or removed from the coupling area 62a through the lateral opening 40a of the coupling area 62a.
- the coupling element 10a and the corresponding coupling element 14a can be moved relative to one another by a horizontal movement, in particular a driving movement, of the towing vehicle 16a or the trailer 12a.
- the fifth wheel coupling 54a is provided for a connection between the towing vehicle 16a and the trailer 12a.
- the fifth wheel 54a is intended to carry a substantial portion of a weight of the trailer (semi-trailer) 12a.
- the fifth wheel coupling 54a is provided to specify a range of motion of the trailer 12a relative to the towing vehicle 16a in the coupled state.
- the fifth wheel coupling 54a is intended to absorb pushing, pulling and rolling forces of the trailer 12a in the coupled state.
- the 4 shows a schematic, partially sectioned illustration of a portion of the coupling elements 10a, 14a of the combination 48a.
- the team 48a has the sensor device 44a.
- the sensor device 44a is provided for monitoring a coupling state of the coupling element 10a of the trailer 12a with the corresponding coupling element 14a of the towing vehicle 16a.
- the sensor device 44a has a sensor 18a.
- the sensor device 44a, in particular the combination 48a, is preferably designed without additional sensors that monitor the coupling state.
- the sensor 18a is provided at least to recognize and/or to detect a relative position of the coupling elements 10a, 14a to one another.
- the sensor 18a is designed as an ultra wideband sensor.
- the ultra-wideband sensor uses M-sequence technology.
- the ultra-wideband sensor works in a frequency range between 100 MHz and 6 GHz with a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz.
- the ultra wideband sensor also or alternatively works in a frequency range between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz with a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz.
- the sensor 18a is assigned to the towing vehicle 16a of the vehicle combination 48a.
- the sensor 18a is integrated into the corresponding coupling element 14a of the towing vehicle 16a of the combination 48a.
- the sensor 18a is integrated into the fifth wheel plate 26a of the towing vehicle 16a.
- the sensor 18a has sensor antennas 52a.
- Each sensor antenna 52a of sensor 18a has a field of view 56a (see FIG. 4).
- the fields of view 56a form detection areas of the sensor antennas 52a of the sensor 18a.
- the fields of view 56a include partial areas which delimit usable fields of view 20a, 22a, 74a.
- the usable fields of view 20a, 22a, 74a each form the parts of the fields of view 56a in which reliable detection, in particular distance detection, is possible by the sensor 18a.
- the usable fields of view 20a, 22a, 74a of the sensor 18a have a surface area of at least 3 cm ⁇ 3 cm.
- the near area 28a of the sensor 18a is formed by the area of the field of view 56a, which is only a few centimeters away from the sensor antenna 52a.
- the close-up area 28a of the sensor 18a is designed as the area of the fields of view 56a of the sensor 18a, which is at most 5 cm away from the respective sensor antenna 52a.
- the usable fields of view 20a, 22a, 74a each include a partial area 58a of the respective close range 28a, which extends from an outer end of the close range 28a to a minimum distance of approximately 0.5 cm from the respective sensor antenna 52a.
- the sensor 18a is intended to detect a position of the coupling element 10a that is arranged and/or moved in the field of view 20a of the sensor 18a.
- the sensor 18a is provided to measure a distance 78a of the sensor 18a arranged and/or moved in the field of view 20a To detect coupling element 10a of the sensor 18a.
- the sensor 18a is provided for detecting a movement speed of the coupling element 10a moved in the field of view 20a of the sensor 18a.
- a part of the sensor 18a, in particular at least one of the sensor antennas 52a, is integrated into a surface 30a of the corresponding coupling element 14a of the towing vehicle 16a.
- the part of the surface 30a covered by the sensor antenna 52a thus forms a measurement area 38a.
- the surface 30a, in which the part of the sensor 18a, in particular the sensor antenna 52a, is integrated is arranged opposite at least one surface 32a of the coupling element 10a of the trailer 12a in a proper coupling state between the towing vehicle 16a and the trailer 12a. As a result, a position of the coupling element 10a in the coupling region 62a of the corresponding coupling element 14a is detected.
- a further part of the sensor 18a in particular at least one further of the sensor antennas 52a, is integrated into a further surface 60a of the corresponding coupling element 14a of the towing vehicle 16a.
- the part of the further surface 60a covered by the sensor antenna 52a thus forms a measuring surface 38a.
- the additional surface 60a, into which the additional part of the sensor 18a, in particular the additional sensor antenna 52a, is integrated, is in the proper coupling state between the towing vehicle 16a and the trailer 12a at least one surface 76a of the retaining plate 36a, on which the coupling element 10a of the Trailer 12a is attached, in particular the king pin plate of the semi-trailer, arranged opposite.
- a height position of the holding plate 36a in particular a fifth-wheel height of the trailer 12a, is detected during the coupling process and in the coupled state.
- the corresponding coupling element 14a has a coupling claw 24a (cf. FIGS. 3a to 4).
- the coupling claw 24a is intended to at least partially encompass the coupling element 10a in the coupled state.
- the coupling element 10a has an encircling in the circumferential direction groove 82a.
- the coupling claw 24a is intended to grip the coupling element 10a in the region of the groove 82a.
- the coupling claw 24a forms a gripping opening 84a, which is dimensioned such that it can grip the coupling element 10a only in the region of the groove 82a. Outside the area of the groove 82a, a diameter of the coupling element 10a is too large for the coupling claw 24a.
- the coupling claw 24a is intended to secure the coupling element 10a in the coupled state.
- the clutch claw 24a is movably mounted.
- the coupling claw 24a In a decoupled state, the coupling claw 24a is in an open position (not shown), which allows the coupling element 10a to be introduced unhindered into the coupling region 62a.
- the coupling claw 24a In a coupled state, the coupling claw 24a is in a securing position 80a, which prevents the coupling element 10a from being removed from the coupling region 62a (cf., for example, FIG. 3b).
- the securing position 80a is locked in the coupled state.
- the corresponding coupling element 14a has a locking mechanism 64a (cf. FIG. 3b).
- the coupling claw 24a is mounted so that it can move, in particular so that it can move horizontally, preferably so that it can pivot horizontally.
- the locking mechanism 64a is provided to prevent or release the mobility and/or the pivotability of the coupling claw 24a.
- the locking mechanism 64a can be actuated manually and/or automatically, for example by means of the control and/or regulating unit 42a.
- the coupling element 10a is moved in the direction of the coupling area 62a until the coupling element 10a hits the coupling claw 24a, which is then pivoted.
- the coupling claw 24a rotates via a deflected bolt 68a.
- the bolt 68a engages in a recess 72a in the coupling claw 24a and is thereby secured in this position.
- the locking mechanism 64a additionally secures the coupling claw 24a against the loads that occur. In the decoupling process is the Locking mechanism 64a and the bolt 68a are released so that the coupling claw 24a can be rotated out of the position provided for proper coupling and thus the coupling element 10a can be removed from the coupling region 62a.
- the sensor 18a is intended to identify and/or detect a position and/or a movement of the clutch claw 24a.
- the sensor 18a includes a sensor antenna 52a, the field of view 22a of which is aligned in such a way that a position and/or a movement of the coupling claw 24a, preferably relative to the coupling element 10a, is detected.
- An additional further part of the sensor 18a, in particular at least one additional further of the sensor antennas 52a, is integrated into an additional further surface 70a of the corresponding coupling element 14a of the towing vehicle 16a. The part of the additional further surface 70a covered by the sensor antenna 52a thus forms a measuring surface 38a.
- the additional additional surface 70a in which the additional additional part of the sensor 18a, in particular the additional additional sensor antenna 52a, is integrated, is arranged opposite at least one surface 66a of the movably mounted clutch claw 24a. As a result, a current position of the clutch claw 24a is detected.
- the sectional view of the corresponding coupling element 14a shown in FIG. 4 shows that the measuring surfaces 38a of the sensor 18a are embedded in the respective surfaces 30a, 60a, 70a of the corresponding coupling element 14a such that the measuring surfaces 38a of the sensor 18a relative to the Measuring surfaces 38a surrounding surfaces 86a are countersunk.
- the sensing faces 38a are recessed about 1 mm relative to the surrounding surfaces 86a.
- the measuring surfaces 38a each form surfaces 30a, 60a, 70a of the sensors 18a that face the fields of view 20a, 22a, 74a.
- the surfaces 30a, 60a, 70a of the sensor 18a facing the fields of view 20a, 22a, 74a are each made of a non-conductive material, in particular a non-metallic material.
- the fields of view 20a, 22a, 74a Facing surfaces 30a, 60a, 70a of the sensor 18a are each formed from a ceramic, a glass and/or a plastic.
- the sensor 18a is intended to communicate with the control and/or regulation unit 42a.
- the control and/or regulating unit 42a is provided to evaluate a reflection signal of the ultra wideband sensor.
- the open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit 42a is provided to output a coupling confirmation signal, a decoupling confirmation signal or a “coupling process in progress” signal to the towing vehicle 16a as a function of the evaluated reflection signal.
- the control and/or regulating unit 42a is provided to control the towing vehicle 16a as a function of the signal determined by the sensor 18a.
- the control and/or regulating unit 42a is provided for the purpose of blocking or releasing a propulsion of the at least partially autonomous tractor, depending on the evaluation of the reflection signal of the ultra-broadband sensor.
- the control and/or regulating unit 42a is provided to automatically filter out interference signals, which can be generated, for example, by metal chips arranged between the coupling elements 10a, 14a and embedded in lubricating grease, when evaluating the reflection signal of the ultra-wideband sensor.
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic perspective view of a section of the corresponding coupling element 14a surrounding the coupling region 62a, in which a possible arrangement of the measuring surfaces 38a is shown.
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method for monitoring the coupling state of the coupling element 10a of the trailer 12a with the corresponding coupling element 14a of a towing vehicle 16a.
- the coupling claw 24a is in the open position and the towing vehicle 16a is moved towards the coupling element 10a of the trailer 12a with the lateral opening 40a oriented in the direction of travel.
- a Position of the coupling element 10a which is arranged and/or moved in the field of view 20a, 74a of the sensor 18a, is detected.
- a position of the corresponding coupling element 14b which is arranged and/or moved in the field of view 20b of the sensor 18b, could of course also be detected.
- the position of the coupling element 10a, 10b or the position of the corresponding coupling element 14a, 14b is detected in the detection step 50a, 50b by the sensor 18a, 18b designed as an ultra wideband sensor.
- the position of the clutch claw 24a, which is arranged and/or moved in the further field of view 22a of the sensor 18a, of the corresponding coupling element 14a is detected.
- the signal (wireless or wired) detected by the sensor 18a is transmitted to the control and/or regulating unit 42a for processing.
- interference signals are automatically filtered out when the sensor signals are evaluated.
- interference signals originating from metal chips arranged between the coupling elements 10a, 14a are automatically filtered out.
- the autonomously driving tractor is controlled as a function of the signal determined by sensor 18a.
- a coupling confirmation signal, a decoupling confirmation signal or a "coupling process I running" signal is output to the towing vehicle 16a.
- a release for driving is issued for the autonomously driving tractor unit.
- FIG. 7 Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
- the following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with reference to components having the same designation, in particular to components with same reference numerals, in principle, reference can also be made to the drawings and/or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular of FIGS.
- the letter a follows the reference number of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS.
- the letter a has been replaced by the letter b.
- FIG. 7 shows an alternative coupling element 10b of an alternative trailer 12b with an alternative sensor device 44b.
- the sensor device 44b has a sensor 18b designed as an ultra wideband sensor.
- the sensor 18b is integrated into the trailer 12b.
- the sensor 18b is integrated into the coupling element 10b.
- the sensor 18b is integrated into a kingpin 34b of the trailer 12b.
- the sensor 18b is integrated into a holding plate 36b of the coupling element 10b.
- the sensor 18b is intended to identify and/or detect a position of a corresponding coupling element 14b that is arranged and/or moved in a field of view 20b of the sensor 18b.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020126534.4A DE102020126534A1 (de) | 2020-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Sensorvorrichtung und Verfahren zu einer Überwachung eines Kopplungszustands eines Kopplungselements |
| PCT/EP2021/077920 WO2022074223A1 (de) | 2020-10-09 | 2021-10-08 | Sensorvorrichtung und verfahren zu einer überwachung eines kopplungszustands eines kopplungselements |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4225628A1 true EP4225628A1 (de) | 2023-08-16 |
Family
ID=78212089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21793872.9A Withdrawn EP4225628A1 (de) | 2020-10-09 | 2021-10-08 | Sensorvorrichtung und verfahren zu einer überwachung eines kopplungszustands eines kopplungselements |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11945523B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4225628A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116472188B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020126534A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022074223A1 (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022001493A1 (de) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | Jost-Werke Deutschland Gmbh | Kupplungssystem für ein Zugfahrzeug |
| EP4561890A4 (de) * | 2022-08-25 | 2026-02-11 | Range Energy Inc | System und verfahren für dynamisches schleppen eines anhängers |
| DE102023001659A1 (de) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-10-24 | Jost-Werke Deutschland Gmbh | Fahrzeugkupplungssystem mit drahtloser Sender-Empfänger-Einheit |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5361070B1 (en) | 1993-04-12 | 2000-05-16 | Univ California | Ultra-wideband radar motion sensor |
| US6069581A (en) | 1998-02-20 | 2000-05-30 | Amerigon | High performance vehicle radar system |
| DE102004029130A1 (de) | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-29 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Ankupplung eines Anhängers an ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| WO2007014333A2 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-01 | Clariant Technologies, Corp. | Methods and apparatus for automotive radar sensors |
| CN101340231B (zh) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-02-08 | 清华大学 | 一种定时同步方法及系统 |
| NZ578511A (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2010-12-24 | Martin Aircraft Company Ltd | Training system |
| NL2009960C2 (nl) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-06 | Martinus Theodorus Wetering | Trekker-opleggercombinatie. |
| DE102015201184A1 (de) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-07-28 | Jost-Werke Gmbh | Kupplungssensor |
| GB201503855D0 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-04-22 | Q Free Asa | Vehicle detection |
| US20170287320A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle trailer communication |
| US10077046B2 (en) | 2017-01-24 | 2018-09-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for preventing collision with trailer |
| US10358089B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2019-07-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for triggering hitch view |
| US10168708B2 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-01-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Wireless vehicle-trailer interface system |
| US10346705B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2019-07-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for estimating articulation angle |
| US11512979B2 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2022-11-29 | Westfalia-Automotive Gmbh | Sensor device for a towing vehicle coupling |
| US10406877B2 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-09-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Monitoring of anti-sway bar chains of trailer hitch systems |
| US10684773B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2020-06-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Mobile device interface for trailer backup-assist |
| US10577852B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2020-03-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for preventing tailgate collision with hitch accessory |
| US11643154B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2023-05-09 | Waymo Llc | Systems and methods for automatic air and electrical connections on autonomous cargo vehicles |
| DE102018114851A1 (de) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-24 | Wabco Gmbh | Sensorsystem für ein Nutzfahrzeug und Sattelkupplungssystem sowie Nutzfahrzeug damit und Verfahren dafür |
| DE102018117584A1 (de) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | Jost-Werke Deutschland Gmbh | Steckkupplungssystem sowie kupplungssystem |
| KR102699142B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-22 | 2024-08-28 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량 및 그 트레일러 결합 방법 |
| US11392141B2 (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2022-07-19 | United States Postal Service | Methods and systems for coordinating cargo delivery, pick up, and transportation |
| CN111674430A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-09-18 | 何秀华 | 一种微轨车辆间距测量装置及测量方法 |
| US11752814B1 (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-09-12 | Daniel B. Goetsch | Lift devices for containers |
-
2020
- 2020-10-09 DE DE102020126534.4A patent/DE102020126534A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-10-08 WO PCT/EP2021/077920 patent/WO2022074223A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-10-08 CN CN202180069092.7A patent/CN116472188B/zh active Active
- 2021-10-08 EP EP21793872.9A patent/EP4225628A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-10-08 US US18/030,148 patent/US11945523B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116472188A (zh) | 2023-07-21 |
| WO2022074223A1 (de) | 2022-04-14 |
| US11945523B2 (en) | 2024-04-02 |
| US20230331319A1 (en) | 2023-10-19 |
| CN116472188B (zh) | 2024-11-15 |
| DE102020126534A1 (de) | 2022-04-14 |
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