EP4222013A1

EP4222013A1 - Method for exchanging energy, processing unit and vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP4222013A1
Application number: EP21783226.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Janik RICKE
Original assignee: ZF CV Systems Global GmbH
Current assignee: ZF CV Systems Global GmbH
Priority date: 2020-10-02
Filing date: 2021-09-24
Publication date: 2023-08-09
Also published as: WO2022069351A1; US20230202337A1; DE102020125849A1; CN116194324A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for exchanging electrical energy (E) between an energy accumulator (7) in a vehicle (1) of a vehicle operator (2) and an energy user (EA), wherein the energy accumulator (7) is designed to store electrical energy (E) permanently, and an electrical connection can be provided between the energy accumulator (7) and the energy user (EA) in order to exchange energy (E). According to the invention an exchange of energy (E) takes place from the energy user (EA) to the energy accumulator (7) of the vehicle (1) in a first energy transfer direction (R1), or from the energy accumulator (7) of the vehicle (1) to the energy user (EA) in a second energy transfer direction (R2), in order to provide an energy service (DL) through the vehicle operator (2), the exchange of energy (E) taking place depending on an energy price specified by the vehicle operator (2) for the energy service (DL), said energy price being determined depending on a storage status of the at least one energy accumulator (7).

Description

Method of exchanging energy, processing unit and vehicle

The invention relates to a method for exchanging energy between at least one energy store in a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, and an energy user external to the vehicle, a processing unit and a vehicle with such a processing unit for carrying out the method.

It is known to supply vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, with energy via stationary overhead lines that are arranged above a roadway. The overhead lines are part of an energy network in which energy is provided with a specific network voltage and a specific network frequency via network distributors. Vehicles can slidably couple to the overhead lines via energy consumers to extract energy from the energy network. The electric drive of the vehicle can be supplied with the energy, for example when an energy store in the vehicle is to be spared or the state of charge of the energy store is too low. This is shown by way of example in DE 10 2016 208 878 A1, DE 10 2018 206 957 A1 or DE 10 2004 028 243 A1. Furthermore, the energy stores can be charged in order to bridge routes that are free of overhead lines. It is also known to charge the energy stores in electrically powered vehicles via charging stations that are connected to the energy network, or through a direct electrical connection to other vehicles, for example via a charging cable.

The problem that arises with the electrical supply of vehicles using an overhead line or a charging station is the mains voltage and the mains frequency of the energy network, which must be kept stable in order to avoid a collapse in the energy supply and thus ensure a constant energy supply for all coupled vehicles. This should be independent of the number of vehicles that draw energy from the energy network via the overhead line. However, the more vehicles connect to the overhead lines and use them to draw energy, the more the network frequency drops, for example, which means that the energy network can be overloaded from a certain point in time and fail at least temporarily.

This problem results from the fact that the network distributors are currently not designed to provide sufficient energy for the increasing power demand. Should electromobility become established across the board, the design of the network distributors will therefore be crucial in order to be able to provide sufficient energy for high utilization. If you imagine a motorway parking lot where several snow charging stations are installed to initially only charge passenger cars, problems quickly arise with an existing network distributor if commercial vehicles suddenly have to be charged as well. This is particularly problematic when many vehicles are being charged at the same time. This can also be applied to the charging of vehicles via the overhead lines. Another problem in the energy supply is the increasingly volatile supply of renewable energy, which mainly affects the distribution network, which is used to provide the energy for the overhead lines.

In order to react to these disadvantages, US 2011/0094841 A1 or US 2015/0090554 A1 provides for an application in a mine to feed braking energy, which is generated when the mining vehicle brakes, directly via the overhead lines into the mine-internal energy network. whereby a high utilization of the energy network can be compensated at least temporarily. The disadvantage here is that a compensation of Network utilization can only take place if enough vehicles brake.

DE 1 1 2012 005 255 T5 also describes how to specifically instruct a mining vehicle to brake in order to feed braking energy into the energy network when another mining vehicle is currently in need of energy. The disadvantage here is that the vehicle is disturbed in its normal driving mode by the braking instruction.

For solutions of this type, in which an energy store is provided in a vehicle to provide a vehicle-external energy service, it is not known from the prior art how a bidirectional energy exchange, i.e. a delivery or also the absorption of energy, can be regulated in terms of costs, to make the energy exchange economically viable for the vehicle operator.

The object of the invention is therefore to specify a method for exchanging energy between at least one energy storage device in a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, and an energy user external to the vehicle, which enables the energy storage device in the vehicle to be used externally in an economically sensible manner. The task is also to specify a processing unit and a vehicle.

This object is achieved by a method, a processing unit and a vehicle according to the independent claims. The dependent claims indicate preferred developments.

According to the invention is therefore a method for exchanging electrical energy between at least one energy storage device in a vehicle of a vehicle operator and an energy user, wherein the at least one energy storage device is designed to continuously supply electrical energy to be stored, and an electrical connection can be formed between the at least one energy storage device and the energy user in order to exchange energy, with an exchange of energy from the energy user into the at least one energy storage device of the vehicle in a first energy transmission direction, or from the at least one energy store of the vehicle to the energy user in a second energy transmission direction in order to provide the vehicle operator with a specific energy service, the exchange of energy depending on an energy price set by the vehicle operator for the Energy service takes place, the energy price being determined as a function of a storage status of the at least one energy store.

Advantageously, the vehicle operator himself determines under which economic conditions or in which state of his energy store an energy service is provided when an energy user makes a request for the provision of an energy service in any way. It is taken into account that from an economic point of view it does not always make sense to take in or deliver energy at the same price in order to provide the respective energy service, since different assumptions have to be made depending on the condition of the energy storage device. The storage status and/or the energy price for the energy service is preferably determined dynamically in order to be able to react to changes. In principle, however, at least the energy price can also be fixed statically by the vehicle operator.

Any service for which the vehicle operator can temporarily make its energy storage available upon request can be understood as an energy service. This can include both the absorption of energy and the release of energy, whereby in both cases the energy within the framework of the energy service is not for personal use. required is provided. This can be the case, for example, if energy is absorbed in your own energy storage device for the energy service or is released from your own energy storage device in order to compensate for high or low utilization of an energy network as an energy user and/or to use energy for ( Provide drive) support of another vehicle as an energy user and/or to store excess energy of an energy user temporarily. A high or low utilization of the energy network can be done by comparing a network frequency of the energy network with a center frequency, the network frequency of the energy network being measured from the vehicle, for example, and/or wirelessly or wired, e.g. by power Line Communication (PLC) via a sliding contact on the stationary catenary or via a communication line in the charging cable, to the vehicle.

In this way, the integration of stationary energy supply devices (overhead line, track line, charging station) into the existing network infrastructure can be improved. So even if the actual fluctuating power requirement of the energy network, i.e. an overload or underload of the energy network, is not or cannot be corrected via the network distributor, with an appropriately negotiated energy price, recourse to the connectable energy storage devices in the vehicles are specifically attempted to establish a balance in the utilization of the energy network. The more vehicles participate, the better the energy network can be stabilized in the event of overload or underload, for example with the appropriate approvals from the network operator and the vehicle operator.

If overhead lines are installed on mountainous roads, for example, vehicles that are driving downhill and/or that have the appropriate energy status and sufficient storage capacity can use them have that drive uphill vehicles that have an increased power requirement. For this purpose, the energy already carried from the energy store can be used in a targeted manner in such a way that the driving status of the vehicle does not change when the energy service is provided. It is quite conceivable that the energy can be fed in at a time when the vehicle does not require any drive support but the batteries are fully charged. This excess energy can then be released for the energy service. In principle, this can also be done when the vehicle is stationary, provided that the charge level is appropriate and the status factor or the energy price allows it.

The energy service for stabilizing the energy network can therefore in principle be provided in any driving condition of the vehicle, insofar as the driving condition is not impaired by the energy service. If the vehicle is powered electrically by the energy storage, the energy storage can absorb energy from the energy network or release excess energy into the energy network, regardless of the drive status, in order to provide the energy service without affecting the ferry operation. If the vehicle is braked and recuperation power is available as a result, the energy store can absorb all of this energy, or the energy store can absorb only part of it and release the rest into the energy network, or all of the energy converted by recuperation can be released into the energy network. In this case, additionally stored energy can also be released from the energy store into the energy network.

For such an energy service can preferably be considered that the energy price is determined depending on whether the energy to provide the energy service in the first Energy transmission direction, or is transmitted in the second energy transmission direction. As a result, it can be taken into account that the energy store is loaded or used differently when energy is released than when energy is absorbed.

For example, the energy price for the energy service can contain a consumption energy price and/or an output energy price, the consumption energy price being the energy price for the transmission of energy into the first energy indicates the direction of transmission, and

- the delivery energy price the energy price for the transmission of energy in the second energy transmission direction. As a result, it can advantageously be determined that the provision of stored energy is compensated differently than the “storage” of energy.

This is reflected, for example, in the fact that the energy price for the energy service is preferably dependent on a status factor and/or a purchase price for energy, with the following preferably applying to the consumption energy price: consumption energy Price=purchase price x(1−status factor) and the following preferably applies to the sales energy price: sales energy price=purchase price x(1+status factor), the status factor characterizing the current storage status of the respective energy store . The current storage status thus lowers or increases the purchase price, depending on whether energy is to be provided or "stored" in order to provide the respective energy service.

It is preferably provided that the status factor is formed as a function of a state of degeneration of the at least one energy store and/or a state of charge of the at least one energy store, the state of degeneration and the state of charge are weighted to determine the status factor and at least the state of charge is dependent on the energy transmission direction.

This advantageously takes into account that the removal or absorption of energy from the energy store can be made dependent on a state of degeneration and also on the state of charge, since this affects the profitability of the energy service. A severely degenerated energy storage device should be evaluated differently than a new energy storage device, which should also be reflected in the energy price. In addition, depreciation of the energy store can also be taken into account when determining the energy price. The state of charge is also decisive for whether an energy storage device can be offered for an energy service. It can preferably be taken into account that the state of degeneration and the state of charge are weighted in order to determine the status factor, it being possible, for example, for an equivalent weighting to be provided depending on the type of energy store.

It is preferably also provided that the state of degeneration of the at least one energy store is determined as a function of at least one variable selected from the group consisting of: a store temperature, a charging and discharging behavior, a cycle stability, a store age, an ambient temperature, a towing vehicle voltage, a Trailer voltage, these sizes depending on the energy storage used are weighted differently to determine the state of degeneration. A number of variables can therefore be determined or read in, which can be taken into account when determining the state of degeneration and thus when determining the status factor or the energy price, in order to make a well-founded decision about the profitability or the exact energy to be able to meet the price. The respective variables can, for example, depend on a State guards are determined in the vehicle and transmitted to an external or vehicle-internal processing unit, which determines the status factor and, for example, in a cost calculation module, the energy price according to the specifications of the vehicle operator.

In order to be able to carry out this reliably for the entire vehicle, each energy storage device is preferably assigned its own storage status or status factor and/or its own energy price, so that an electrical connection can be established. In addition, it is therefore possible to specifically react to the energy status of the respective energy store in the vehicle and possibly also to how high the energy consumption and energy output requirement from the outside actually is. As a result, it can also be planned whether the vehicle itself still needs energy from one of the energy stores, but can release the other energy store for the energy service. In this case, for example, only one of the energy storage devices can be charged for the respective energy service.

It is preferably also provided that a coupling signal is generated and output depending on the memory status or status factor assigned to the at least one energy storage device and/or the energy price for the energy service set by the vehicle operator, depending on the coupling -Signal an electrical connection between the at least one energy store and an energy consumer connected to the energy user is formed on the vehicle, wherein a switching device in the vehicle is preferably electrically controlled with the generated and output coupling signal.

This advantageously simplifies the coupling process, preferably with a mechanical or inductive contact between the with Energy consumers that can be connected to energy storage devices on the vehicle and the energy user are present, in order to have an electrical connection, for example caused by a pantograph/a slide rail on an overhead line or by an inductive energy consumer on a roadway line or by a charging cable connected to a charging station or another vehicle, or similar. Ä. to be able to produce. Electrical switching as a function of the coupling signal can therefore be used to react quickly to a requested energy service.

The coupling signal can preferably be generated in the vehicle, for example by a vehicle-internal processing unit, or outside of the vehicle, for example by an external processing unit, and transmitted wirelessly or by wire to the vehicle. In this way, a central or a decentralized possibility can be created to control the provision of the energy service. For example, it can be provided that the external processing unit is part of a cloud infrastructure, e.g. Software-as-a-Service, on which a sub-program for generating the coupling signal depending on the energy price and/or the memory status or the status factor is running. Depending on this, the switching device can then be controlled in the vehicle in order to be able to provide the energy service when it is released accordingly.

It is preferably also provided that it is additionally determined whether the energy user has released it, with the release indicating whether the respective energy user allows the energy service to be provided, optionally energy in the first energy transmission direction and/or to transmit the second energy transmission direction, the release being granted by the energy user depending on at least one property selected from the group consisting of: a vehicle type of the vehicle, a utilization of the energy user, the storage status assigned to the respective energy store and/or the energy price for the energy service set by the vehicle operator.

Approval can therefore be granted in a targeted manner, since not every vehicle may be authorized or able to provide an energy service according to the invention for the energy user and/or the energy user does not agree with the energy price set. Provision is therefore made in particular for the release to be granted if the energy user, i.e. the energy network or another vehicle, agrees to the energy price set by the vehicle operator for the energy service. As a result, the vehicle operator is able to specify an energy price that can compensate for a progressive degeneration of the energy store due to the energy service and for which the vehicle operator is also willing to give approval himself. From an economic point of view, the energy service should therefore make sense for the vehicle operator.

In the case of an energy service, in order to stabilize the energy network, provision can preferably be made for a network operator release in the second direction of energy transmission to be given when the energy network is heavily utilized and for a network operator to be issued when the energy network is underutilized. Release is granted in the first energy transmission direction, insofar as the energy price is accepted by the network operator. As a result, vehicles are normally only able to provide an energy service that compensates for a load that is too low or too high. In this case, the releases are granted depending on the current utilization (overload/underload). Furthermore, the network operator release can initially only affect hybrid vehicles, ie a network operator release can be selectively refused (or granted) for hybrid vehicles in one or both directions of energy transmission, since these hybrid vehicles can also be driven without an energy supply. In order to grant the network operator approval, a condition can be set, for example, that the hybrid vehicle is only to be driven via the non-electrical part of the drive, e.g. the combustion engine, in order to use the energy from the energy store completely to stabilize the energy network be able. The network operator release is therefore only granted for one direction of energy transmission, with energy also being able to be fed into the energy network with the internal combustion engine via the energy store.

If, for example, the utilization of the energy network is still too high or too low, the network operator release can also affect purely electrically powered vehicles, ie a network operator release can also be selective for purely electrically powered vehicles in one or both directions of energy transmission be denied (or granted) in order to avoid a collapse of the energy network due to overload or underload. A transmission of energy in the respective other energy transmission direction, which would bring the utilization back into balance, is then preferably still permitted for each type of vehicle. The decoupling of purely electrically powered vehicles can preferably also be made dependent on the state of charge of the energy storage device and/or the distance still to be traveled to the next charging station, so that the network operator release only acts on purely electrically powered vehicles whose state of charge is higher as a limit state of charge, for example 40%, and/or who are able, even when energy is fed into the energy network, to the next charging station to reach.

It is preferably also provided that the network operator release and/or the vehicle operator release and/or a user release from the operator of the other vehicle wirelessly between the vehicle and the energy network and/or the network operator or the vehicle operator of the other vehicle be transmitted. This enables reliable and fast communication and a quick reaction to it.

According to the invention, a processing unit is also provided with which the method according to the invention can be carried out, the processing unit being designed to generate and output a coupling signal in such a way that an electrical connection is formed between the at least one energy store in the vehicle and the energy user can be used to enable an exchange of energy in a first energy transmission direction, or in a second energy transmission direction for the provision of an energy service by the vehicle operator, the processing unit being designed to transmit the coupling signal as a function of one for the energy -Service to generate fixed energy price, wherein the processing unit has a cost calculation module for this purpose, wherein the cost calculation module is designed, depending on a storage status of the at least one energy storage device, an energy price for the energy die to determine performance.

In order to enable reliable coordination, it is preferably also provided that the processing unit has a communication unit, the processing unit being able to transmit the energy price via the communication unit wirelessly or by wire to the at least one energy user and/or the energy user of the Processing unit can transmit via the communication unit whether a release is granted by the energy user, the release indicating whether the respective energy user is allowed to provide the energy service, optionally energy in particular at the fixed energy price in the first energy - Transmission direction and / or to transmit the second energy transmission direction

A vehicle according to the invention, in particular a commercial vehicle, preferably a hybrid vehicle or an all-electric vehicle, has at least one electrical switching device, at least one energy store and at least one energy consumer that can be connected to it, with the energy consumer being designed to use an energy as part of the provision of an energy service - to be coupled to the user, wherein the energy store is designed to permanently store electrical energy, and wherein the electrical switching device is designed to form an electrical connection between the at least one energy store and the energy consumer as a function of a coupling signal output by a processing unit according to the invention, an exchange of energy between the at least one energy store and the connectable energy user depending on an energy price set by the vehicle operator for the energy To enable ie service, wherein the energy price is set depending on a storage status of at least one energy storage.

Provision is preferably made here for the coupling signal to be able to be generated and output by a vehicle-internal processing unit or to be transmitted wirelessly or by wire to the vehicle from an external processing unit. This means that the calculation of the energy price or the determination of the status factor can be carried out inside the vehicle or externally by using the respective signals and data for the calculation of a Status monitor can be transmitted wirelessly or wired. With an external solution, for example via a cloud infrastructure, less computing power is required in the vehicle itself, while with an in-vehicle solution, faster transmission is possible, for example using the vehicle-internal data bus used in each case, without an external connection.

It is preferably also provided that the vehicle consists of a towing vehicle and at least one trailer, with a towing vehicle energy storage device being arranged in the towing vehicle and/or a trailer energy storage device being arranged in the trailer, the towing vehicle energy storage device and/or the trailer energy storage device being/are arranged can preferably be selectively connected to the energy user as a function of the coupling signal, for example via a stationary energy supply device and/or a charging cable. A flexible exchange of energy can thus take place and recourse can be had to different energy stores which are present in the vehicle for supplying different vehicle parts. A selective release can also take into account how much energy from which energy store in the vehicle itself will probably be needed in the future.

It is preferably also provided that a converter device is arranged between the at least one energy store and the energy consumer for transforming a mains voltage and/or a mains frequency of the energy network. As a result, the voltage or frequency can be adjusted to the voltage or frequency used in the energy network. If direct current is used in the energy network, a conversion from direct current to alternating current or vice versa (depending on the energy transmission direction) can be omitted in the converter device. The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

1, 2 each show a schematic view of a vehicle that is coupled to an energy network; and

3 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a vehicle 1, in particular a commercial vehicle, consisting of a towing vehicle 1a and a trailer 1b, which is also intended for public traffic and can therefore also move on freeways, highways, country roads, etc. The vehicle 1 can be a fully electrically driven vehicle 1E or an at least partially electrically driven hybrid vehicle 1H.

The vehicle 1 has an energy transmission system 3, via which electrical energy E can be exchanged between the vehicle 1 and an external energy network 30 as an energy user EA, even while driving. Within the energy network 30 network distributors 31 are provided, which provide electrical energy E, which is transmitted via stationary overhead lines 32 as stationary energy supply devices EV. The overhead lines 32 are arranged in a stationary manner above a roadway 4 on which the vehicle 1 is moving. Equally effective, instead of the stationary overhead lines 32 above the roadway 4, stationary roadway lines 34, e.g. induction loops, can be provided as stationary energy supply devices EV in the roadway 4, via which electrical energy E is also inductively transmitted between the vehicle 1 and the external energy network 30 during the Ride can be exchanged. Furthermore, charging stations 36 (schematically in FIG. 2) can be provided as stationary energy supply devices EV, which can also be used when the vehicle 1 is stationary, for example at a rest stop or on a depot, an exchange of electrical energy E between the vehicle 1 and the external energy network 30 allow.

In addition, other vehicles 100 (schematically in Fig. 2) can also be coupled by other vehicle operators 101 as energy users EA to the charging stations 36 of the energy network 30, so that these other vehicles 100 can also access electrical energy E from the energy network 30 can access. According to one embodiment, it can be provided that the additional vehicles 100 as energy users EA can also be electrically connected directly to the vehicle 1 so that electrical energy E can be exchanged directly between the two vehicles 1 , 100 . Therefore, energy E can generally be exchanged between the vehicle 1 and a specific energy user EA (energy network 30, other vehicle 100, etc.) through an indirect or direct electrical connection, this taking place in particular as part of an energy service DL , as explained in more detail later.

The electrical energy E is transmitted in the energy network 30 in the form of a specified mains voltage U30 with a specific mains frequency f30 via the overhead lines 32 or the roadway lines 34 or made available at the charging stations 36 . Depending on the load L of the energy network 30, the network frequency f30 is within a frequency band fB, for example between 49.8 Hz and 50.2 Hz around a center frequency fM of 50 Hz.

The vehicle 1 can be mechanically coupled via at least one energy consumer 5 to the overhead lines 32 or to the charging station 36 or to the further vehicle 100 or to the roadway lines 34 inductively. An energy consumer 5 is understood to mean a device that can be coupled mechanically or inductively, via which energy E is discharged in both directions. can be taken, so that an exchange of energy E can take place. According to the embodiment shown, the towing vehicle 1a has a towing vehicle slide rail 5a as an energy consumer 5 for the overhead lines 32 and the trailer 1b has a trailer slide rail 5b as an energy consumer 5 for the overhead lines 32, which each slide on the overhead line while driving 32 may be present in order to enable energy transmission or energy consumption. A pantograph, for example, can provide the mechanical coupling.

However, it can also be provided that only one of the two vehicle parts 1a, 1b has an energy consumer s in the form of a slide rail in order to enable energy transmission. In addition, differently designed energy consumers 5 can also be provided, which also enable transmission of electrical energy E between the vehicle 1 and the overhead line 32 while driving.

As shown in FIG. 1 by way of example for the trailer 1b, an inductive energy consumer 5c can be provided as the energy consumer 5 for the roadway line 34 in order to enable contactless inductive transmission of energy E between the energy network 30 and the vehicle 1. This inductive energy consumer 5c can additionally or alternatively also be provided in the towing vehicle 1a.

As shown in FIG. 2, a coupling 5d can be arranged as an energy consumer 5 on the vehicle 1 (traction vehicle 1a and/or trailer 1b) for mechanical coupling to a charging station 36 or to another vehicle 100. An electrical connection to the respective energy user EA (30, 100) can be established via the coupling 5d with a corresponding charging cable 5e, in order to enable energy E to be drawn off or exchanged in the respective direction. A communication line in the charging cable 5e can also signals, for example with additional Information is transmitted between the vehicle 1 and the respective energy user EA.

The electrically or partially electrically operated vehicle 1 has a plurality of energy stores 7, with a towing vehicle energy store 7a being arranged in the towing vehicle 1a and a trailer energy store 7b being arranged in the trailer 1b according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. In addition, the towing vehicle 1a and also the trailer 1b can be independently supplied with energy E while driving, in particular in order to at least temporarily drive the vehicle 1 electrically. The towing vehicle energy store 7a provides electrical energy E with a towing vehicle voltage U1a and the trailer energy store 7b provides a trailer voltage U1b. The energy stores 7a, 7b can be charged before driving at the charging station 36 or while driving by absorbing braking energy EB (recuperation). As explained in more detail later, charging via the overhead line 32 or via the roadway line 34 while driving is also possible.

The energy storage 7; 7a, 7b can also be connected in a suitable manner to the energy consumer(s) 5 or the slide rails 5a, 5b or the inductive energy consumer 5c or the clutch 5d in the respective vehicle part 1a, 1b. As a result, an exchange of energy E between one or both energy stores 7a, 7b and the energy network 30 via the stationary overhead lines 32 or the stationary lane lines 34 or the stationary charging station 36 is also possible. This includes both a transfer of energy E (U1a, U1b) from the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b into the overhead lines 32 or the lane line 34 or the charging station 36, in order to feed energy E (U1 a; U1 b) from the vehicle 1 into the energy network 30, as well as a transmission of energy E (U30, f30 ) from the overhead lines 32 or the roadway lines 34 or the charging stations 36 to the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b, to charge it from the energy network 30. The same applies in the case of a direct electrical connection to another vehicle 100. A bidirectional transmission of energy is thus provided, which can be guaranteed by the infrastructure in the vehicle 1 accordingly.

In addition, converter devices 9 can be provided in the vehicle 1, with a towing vehicle converter device 9a being provided in the towing vehicle 1a and a trailer converter device 9b being provided in the trailer 1b, which is located between the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b and the respective slide rail 5a, 5b or the coupling 5d are arranged as energy consumers 5. In the same way, this can also be provided for the inductive energy consumer 5c (not shown explicitly). These are used to transform the towing vehicle voltage U1a or the trailer voltage U1b to the mains voltage U30 or vice versa. In the same way, the towing vehicle voltage U1a or the trailer voltage U1b, which is in the form of a DC voltage in the energy storage devices 7; 7a, 7b are present, into an alternating voltage (mains voltage U30) with the mains frequency f30, e.g. via an inverter in the respective converter device 9. Conversely, the alternating voltage (mains voltage U30) can be converted into a corresponding direct voltage (Towing vehicle voltage U1 a or the trailer voltage U1 b) are converted. If the energy network 30 is operated with direct current, no conversion via an inverter is necessary, but rather an adjustment of the respective voltage level U1a, U2b, U30.

Furthermore, 1 electrical switching devices 1 1 are arranged in the vehicle, wherein in the towing vehicle 1 a an electrical towing vehicle switching device 1 1 a and in the trailer 1 b an electrical trailer switching device 1 1 b is provided between the respective energy storage 7; 7a, 7b and the respective slide rail 5a, 5b (FIG. 1) or the clutch 5d (FIG. 2) are arranged as energy consumers 5. In same Way is also provided for the inductive energy consumer 5c that this is connected to such an electrical switching device 1 1 (not shown explicitly). The electrical switching devices 1 1 serve the respective energy storage 7; 7a, 7b to be electrically connected to the respective slide rail 5a, 5b or the inductive energy consumer 5c or the coupling 5d as the energy consumer 5 or to be electrically separated from it. As a result, depending on the switching position of the respective electrical switching device 1 1; 1 1 a, 1 1 b a transfer of energy E from the energy storage 7; 7a, 7b via the respective slide rail 5a, 5b or the coupling 5d or the inductive energy consumer 5c as the energy consumer 5 into the overhead line 32 or the roadway line 34 or the charging station 36 or the further vehicle 100 or vice versa . The mechanical contact between the respective slide rail 5a, 5b and the overhead line 32 or the connection between the coupling 5d and the energy user EA (30, 100) via the charging cable 5e or the inductive connection between the inductive energy consumer 5c and the track line 34 can be retained regardless of the switching position in order to enable rapid energy exchange as soon as the electrical switching device 11; 1 1 a, 1 1 b is controlled accordingly.

Preferably, the respective electrical switching device 1 1; 1 1 a, 11 b directly or indirectly depending on a coupling signal SK, ie a towing vehicle coupling signal SKa or a trailer coupling signal SKb, electrically controlled. The respective coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb transmits the information as to whether the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b is to be electrically connected to the overhead line 32 or the lane line 34 or the charging station 36 or to the energy network 30 or the other vehicle 100 or not. Correspondingly, the electrical switching device 11; 1 1 a, 1 1 b in the towing vehicle 1 a and/or in the trailer 1 b. The coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb is generated by a processing unit 13, which can be embodied as a centrally located in-vehicle processing unit 13Z in the vehicle 1, ie in the trailer 1b and/or in the towing vehicle 1a, or as an external processing unit 13E outside of the vehicle 1. Generating the coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb takes place via a program or software S that is installed on the respective processing unit 13 . In the case of an external processing unit 13E, this can also be done, for example, via a cloud infrastructure, via which, for example, software-as-a-service (SaaS) can be used to access jointly usable software S, possibly with subprograms that enable the generation of the coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb takes over.

Generating the coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb depends on certain rules that can be defined by a network operator 33 of the energy network 30 but also by a vehicle operator 2 of the vehicle 1 . The network operator 33 can thus specify the conditions under which energy E can be transmitted from the energy network 30 to the energy store 7; 7a, 7b, ie in a first energy transmission direction R1 (charging mode), or a transmission of energy E from the energy stores 7; 7a, 7b in the energy network 30, ie in a second energy transmission direction R2 (feed mode), is possible. At the same time, the vehicle operator 2 can also specify the conditions under which energy E can or may be exchanged in the respective energy transmission direction R1, R2. Conditions can be, for example, a storage status S7 of the energy storage device 7; 7a, 7b and/or an energy price P fixed by the network operator or vehicle operator or a utilization L of the energy network 30, as will be explained later. Depending on the established rules or the fulfilled or unfulfilled conditions, a direction-dependent release FG, ie a network operator release FG33 and/or a vehicle operator release FG2 can be issued, which indicates whether the respective operator 33, 2 exchanges energy E permitted or not and in which energy transmission direction R1, R2 such an exchange of energy E should be permitted or permitted. Depending on the release FG; FG2, FG33 is in turn the respective coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb are generated and output, so that the respective electrical switching device 11; 11a, 11b take place and thus an exchange of energy E in the respective energy transmission direction R1, R2 can be made possible or permitted.

Within the scope of a method according to the invention, this described infrastructure can be used to transfer energy E between the energy stores 7; 7a, 7b in the vehicle 1 and the energy network 30 and/or another vehicle 100 via the stationary energy supply device EV, i.e. the overhead line 32 or the lane lines 34 or the charging station 36, or via a direct connection. As a result, an energy service DL can be provided by the vehicle operator 2 while driving or at a standstill.

An energy service DL is understood to mean, for example, that the vehicle 1 uses its energy store 7; 7a, 7b, in order to receive energy E from an energy user EA, for example from the energy network 30 or directly from another vehicle 100, or to deliver energy E to such an energy user EA or to provide energy E to it. The energy E provided can then be used, for example, to charge another vehicle 100 via a direct connection (charging cable 5e) or indirectly via the stationary energy supply devices EV (32, 34, 36) are used, to which the other vehicle 100 can also be coupled. However, the energy E provided can also be provided to stabilize the energy network 30 in the event of an overload as a result of a large number of other vehicles 100 which draw energy E from the energy network 30 .

A recording of energy E by the energy storage 7; 7a, 7b in the vehicle 1 can be provided, for example, if another energy user EA has excess energy E that he cannot use economically and therefore needs to be used elsewhere, e.g. in the energy stores 7; 7a, 7b of the vehicle 1 is to be "kept" or stored. This also includes, for example, that the energy network 30 is underloaded, i.e. stores "too much" energy E, so that fluctuations in the utilization L of the energy network 30 are compensated for by absorbing energy E from the energy network 30 and thus a stable, balanced energy network 30 can be provided.

In addition to these energy services DL that can be provided by the vehicle operator 2, the network operator 33 can also provide its stationary energy supply devices EV in order to use energy E for charging the energy store 7; 7a, 7b or to provide drive support. However, this does not represent an energy service DL provided by the vehicle operator 2 within the meaning of the invention, but an independent energy provision service on the part of the network operator 33.

In principle, the energy service DL can be provided in any driving state of the vehicle 1 , insofar as the energy service DL does not impair the respective (current or future) driving state of the vehicle 1 . So if the vehicle 1 is electric through the energy storage 7; 7a, 7b is driven, the energy store 7; 7a, 7b, regardless of the drive state of the vehicle 1, absorb energy E from the energy network 30 or release excess energy E into the energy network 30 for stabilization and/or to provide energy E for other vehicles 100 connected to the energy network 30, to provide the energy service DL without affecting ferry operations.

If the vehicle 1 is braked and as a result recuperation power or braking energy EB is available, the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b absorb this braking energy EB completely or the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b absorb only part of the braking energy EB and release the rest into the energy network 30 or release the entire braking energy EB converted by recuperation into the energy network 30. In addition, additionally stored energy E from the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b are released into the energy network 30.

Furthermore, when the vehicle 1 is stationary and there is excess energy E, for example because sufficient braking energy EB was absorbed while driving and a full energy store 7; 7a, 7b is not absolutely necessary for a future onward journey, energy E can be provided via the respective stationary energy supply device EV or via a direct connection to other energy users EA. However, this should only be done up to a specified remaining charging capacity KR of, for example, 20% in order to be able to ensure that vehicle 1 continues to travel reliably to the next charging facility.

According to Fig. 3, the provision of the energy service DL can be guaranteed by the following steps: First, in an initial step STO, the processing unit 13 recognizes a request AF for the vehicle operator 2 to provide an energy service DL. This can be done, for example, by an energy consumer EA actively establishing a contact (mechanical, inductive) with the respective energy consumer 5 in the vehicle 1 . Alternatively or additionally, a request signal SA can also be transmitted to the processing unit 13 wirelessly, for example via 5G or WLAN, LoraWAN, etc., or by wire, for example via PLC (Power Line Communication) or via the communication line in the charging cable 5e . The request signal SA then contains the corresponding request AF for providing the energy service DL. For this purpose, the processing unit 13 has a communication unit 15 via which various signals can be exchanged in a wireless or wired manner. The processing unit 13 then checks as follows whether an exchange of energy E can take place or not:

First, in a first step ST1, it is checked whether a release FG has been issued. This includes a network operator release FG33 (ST1.1; ST1.3) and/or a vehicle operator release FG2 (ST1.2), both of which can be interrelated. Depending on this, in a second step ST2, a coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb generated and output for the towing vehicle 1a and/or for the trailer 1b in order to establish an electrical connection and thus enable an exchange of energy E. Depending on the release FG; FG33, FG2 also include that only one of the two energy stores 7a, 7b in the vehicle 1 is connected to the energy network 30 or the other vehicle 100. In a third step ST3, the energy exchange then takes place, with depending on the granted release FG; FG33, FG2 energy E is transmitted in the respective energy transmission direction R1, R2 in order to provide the respective energy service DL. The steps are run through continuously, so that the energy exchange takes place when the release FG is withdrawn or changed; FG33; FG2 can also be adjusted, for example to respond to fluctuations in the load L of the energy network 30 and/or to changes in a memory status S7 of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b and/or to react to a changed energy price P.

The granting of a network operator release FG33 by the network operator 33 of the energy network 30 can, as already indicated, take place according to a first sub-step ST1 .1 depending on the load L of the energy network 30 . If the energy network 30 is heavily utilized or has a high utilization Lh because many vehicles are taking up energy E via the overhead line 32 or the roadway line 34 or the charging station 36, this results in a falling network frequency f30. Since the network frequency f30 should be within the specified frequency band fB, the network operator 33 can react by issuing a network operator release FG33 as part of the energy service DL, at least for some vehicles temporarily only for the second energy transmission direction R2 . On the other hand, the utilization Lg of the energy network 30 can be low because only a few vehicles are taking up energy E and possibly a large number of vehicles are feeding energy E into the energy network 30 . As a result, the grid frequency f30 increases. In order to keep the network frequency f30 within the specified frequency band fB here as well, the network operator 33 can react by issuing a network operator release FG33 as part of the energy service DL, at least for some vehicles temporarily only for the first energy transmission direction R1 is granted.

Accordingly, the network operator release FG33 can be used to specify that the vehicle 1 only has energy E from its energy stores 7; 7a, 7b feed into the energy network 30 or only energy E from the energy network 30 for charging the energy store 7; 7a, 7b may use to compensate for the high or low utilization Lh, Lg of the energy network 30. In this case, the vehicle 1 or the vehicle operator 2 is therefore offered the opportunity to provide a corresponding energy service DL in order to ensure permanent stabilization of the energy network 30 . This is initially independent of whether sufficient energy E is available in the vehicle 1 or whether the vehicle 1 actually requires energy E. The vehicle operator 2 can then decide for himself whether the energy service DL is fulfilled or rejected, as explained in more detail later (see sub-step ST1.2). In addition, as part of this energy service DL in the energy storage 7; 7a, 7b energy E consumed by the vehicle 1 itself can also be used in regular operation.

The network operator release FG33, which acts depending on the load L in the respective energy transmission direction R1, R2, can be activated via a release signal SF, preferably wirelessly, for example via 5G or WLAN, LoraWAN, etc., or wired, for example via PLC or via the communication line in the charging cable 5e, to the communication unit 15 in the external or in-vehicle processing unit 13E; 13Z are reported. Depending on this, the external or the vehicle-internal processing unit 13E; 13Z then decide whether, in a second step ST2, a coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb for the respective electrical switching device 1 1; 1 1 a, 1 1 b in the towing vehicle 1 a and/or in the trailer 1 b is generated and output in order to be able to provide the energy service DL. Depending on the type of network operator release FG33, a selective switching of the respective electrical switching device 1 1; 11a, 11b only take place in the towing vehicle 1a or in the trailer 1b. In principle, the vehicle 1 or the external or vehicle-internal processing unit 13E; 13Z can also independently determine whether network operator approval FG33 is available. For this purpose, it can be provided that the network frequency f30 is continuously measured by the vehicle 1, for example via the respective energy absorber 5 (mechanical, inductive). On the other hand, network operator 33 could also continuously transmit network frequency f30 to vehicle 1 . The respective processing unit 13E; 13Z can use this to determine whether the network frequency f30, starting from the center frequency fM of 50 Hz, for example, deviates up or down and is within the frequency band fB, with the center frequency fM and the frequency band fB also being able to be communicated by the network operator 33 . As already described, the load L follows directly from this. Depending on this, in the external or vehicle-internal processing unit 13E; 13Z it can be determined in which energy transmission direction R1, R2 there should be a network operator release FG33 with high probability (Lh: fB<fM: feed mode, Lg: fB>fM: charging mode). Depending on this, the respective processing unit 13E; 13Z in turn decide whether and which coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb is output in the second step ST2.

The granting of a vehicle operator release FG2 by the vehicle operator 2 of the vehicle 1 takes place, as already indicated, according to a second sub-step ST 1 .2, in particular depending on an energy price P and/or depending on a storage status S7 of the energy storage device 7; 7a, 7b. The memory status S7 indicates the state in which the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b is located, while the energy price P reflects the costs for a specific energy service DL. The energy price P is determined vehicle-specifically or storage-specifically in a cost calculation module 50 in the processing unit 13 of the respective vehicle 1 . The cost calculation dul 50 is, for example, a sub-unit of the respective processing unit 13, for example a sub-program UP of the software S.

By appropriately designing the cost calculation module 50, the vehicle operator 2 can determine the price or economic conditions under which he can provide an energy service DL by receiving or delivering energy E from or to an energy user EA (30, 100) in or .from the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b would like to provide and therefore under what economic conditions he ultimately granted a vehicle operator release FG2. This applies to both energy transmission directions R1, R2 as follows:

First, to characterize the storage status S7 for each energy store 7; 7a, 7b a status factor F; Fa (towing vehicle status factor), Fb (trailer status factor) are determined, which, as explained later, is determined depending on whether the feed-in mode or the charging mode is present, i.e. energy E is delivered or received as part of the energy service DL shall be. From this it follows first of all whether there is a state of degeneration DEG; DEGa (tractor degeneration state), DEGb (trailer degeneration state) and also a state of charge Z; Za, Zb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b allow energy E to be released into the energy network 30, for example, in the feed-in mode and into the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b can be accommodated. The status factor F; Fa, Fb is determined as follows:

First, a state monitor 17 in the vehicle 1 detects a state of charge Z of the energy store 7, ie a towing vehicle state of charge Za of the towing vehicle energy store 7a or a trailer state of charge Zb of the trailer energy store 7b. From this, a current consumption state of charge value ZW1 can be determined, which can lie between 0 (empty or 0%) and 1 (full or 100%), and a current output state of charge Value ZW2, which can be between 0 (full or 100%) and 1 (empty or 0%). The subdivision into current consumption and current output state of charge value ZW1, ZW2 takes into account that when current is consumed (first energy transmission direction R1, charging mode), a full energy store 7; 7a, 7b, in particular with regard to the resulting energy price P, is to be evaluated differently than a full energy store 7; 7a, 7b in the case of a power delivery (second energy transmission direction R2, feed-in mode). This is reflected by the correspondingly inverted weighting.

Furthermore, the status monitor 17 monitors a storage temperature T of the energy storage device 7, i.e. a towing vehicle storage temperature Ta of the towing vehicle energy storage device 7a and a trailer storage temperature Tb of the trailer energy storage device 7b, in particular during the charging and discharging processes. From this, a temperature condition value TW is determined, which can assume a value between 0 (e.g. at T= 30°C) and 1 (e.g. at T>=80°C and T<-20°C), with T>80 ° C and T <-20 ° C it is assumed that the respective energy storage 7; 7a, 7b no longer works optimally (increased wear and increased susceptibility to defects) and this works optimally at T=30°C.

Furthermore, the status monitor 17 determines a charging and discharging behavior V of the energy store 7, ie a towing vehicle charging and discharging behavior Va of the towing vehicle energy store 7a and a trailer charging and discharging behavior Vb of the trailer energy store 7b, for example via the current , Voltage or resistance change of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b when loading or unloading. The state of degeneration DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b indicate. The status monitor 17 is connected in any way to the processing unit 13, preferably via the communication unit 15, in order to receive the respectively determined values that have an influence on the degeneration status DEG; DEGa, DEGb have to be able to output a status signal SZ wirelessly, for example via 5G or WLAN, LoraWAN, etc., or wired, for example via PLC or via the communication line in the charging cable 5e, to the processing unit 13 for further processing.

Furthermore, a cycle stability Y; Ya (tow vehicle cycle life); Yb (trailer cycle stability) of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b read in, which indicates how often the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b can be charged and discharged before a residual capacity falls below a value of 80%. One of cycle stability Y; Cycle stability value YW assigned to Ya, Yb can be between 0 (high cycle stability, e.g. >10,000 charge/discharge cycles) and 1 (low cycle stability Y, e.g. <1,000 charge/discharge cycles). Furthermore, a memory age A of the energy store 7, i.e. a towing vehicle memory age Aa of the towing vehicle energy store 7a and a trailer memory age Ab of the trailer energy store 7b, can be read in via the status signal SZ. From this it can be derived how old the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b already is. Other variables that have an impact on the memory status S7 can also be read in via the status signal SZ from the processing unit 13 via the communication unit 15, for example an ambient temperature TU or the towing vehicle voltage U1a and/or the trailer voltage U1 b.

The status factor F; Fa, Fb can be calculated in the processing unit 13 using these variables, for example using the following formula: F = (w1 *(w2*YW + w3*TW + w4*C (V, A, U1 a, U2a, TU)) + (w5*(ZW1 ;ZW2)), where the variables YW, TW and C den Characterize the degeneration state DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b and in the value "C" various influencing factors V, A, U1a, U2a, TU are collected, which can have an influence on the degeneration state DEG; DEGa, DEGb With the influencing factors C, it can also be taken into account whether a charging mode or a feed-in mode is present, ie in which energy transmission direction R1, R2 energy E is transmitted as part of the energy service DL.

"w1" accordingly represents a weight for the degeneration state DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b and "w5" a weighting for the state of charge Z; Za, Zb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b, depending on the direction of energy transmission R1, R2, the power consumption or power output state of charge value ZW1, ZW2 of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b is used, where “w1” and “w5” can each be 0.5, for example, so that the degeneration state DEG; DEGa, DEGb and the state of charge Z (ZW1 or ZW2) have the same influence on the status factor F. "w2" accordingly represents a weighting for the cycle life Y; Ya, Yb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b, "w3" a weighting for the storage temperature T; Ta, Tb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b and "w4" represent a weighting for the other influencing factors "C".

The status factor F; Fa, Fb can for each energy store 7; 7a, 7b are determined, with the individual values YW, TW, C depending on the type of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b are specifically weighted, where the following should apply: w2+w3+w4=1 and w1+w5=1. The status factor F determined in this way; Fa, Fb can have a value between 0 and 1. A status factor F; Fa, Fb of FIG. 1 expresses in the feed-in mode (second direction of energy transmission R2, current delivery state of charge value ZW2) that the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b is inoperative (discharged and/or degenerated) while a status factor F; Fa, Fb of 0 in the feed-in mode (second direction of energy transmission R2, current output state of charge value ZW2) indicates that the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b as new (not degenerate) and 100% charged and therefore operational. Intermediate values result accordingly from a partial discharge and/or a partial degeneration. Depending on the status factor F; Fa, Fb, which characterizes the storage status S7, can be assessed by the processing unit 13 for the current output/supply or the current output state of charge value ZW2, whether energy E is being fed in from the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b in the energy network 30 or generally a delivery of energy E to the respective energy user EA (30, 100) to provide the energy service DL makes sense.

Correspondingly, if the weighting of the current consumption state of charge value ZW1 is reversed compared to the current output state of charge value ZW2, a status factor F is depressed; Fa, Fb from 1 in charging mode (first energy transmission direction R1, current consumption state of charge value ZW1) from that the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b is non-operational (fully loaded and/or degenerated), and a status factor F; Fa, Fb from 0 in charging mode (first direction of energy transfer R1, power consumption state of charge value ZW1), that the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b is as new (not degenerated) and fully discharged and therefore operational. Depending on the status factor F; Fa, Fb can be assessed by the processing unit 13 for the current consumption or the current consumption state of charge value ZW1, whether a consumption of energy E from the energy network 30 or generally by the respective energy user EA (30, 100) in the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b makes sense in order to provide the respective energy service DL.

Are the energy storage 7; 7a, 7b, for example, already almost fully charged, which means a high status factor F; Fa, Fb, taking into account the current consumption state of charge value ZW1, taking (charging mode) further energy E from an energy user EA (30, 100) does not make sense. Equally little is the release (feed mode) of energy E in the case of a low-charged energy store 7; 7a, 7b, corresponding to a high status factor F; Fa, Fb, taking into account the current output state of charge value ZW2, makes sense, it also being necessary to consider whether the vehicle 1 might need the energy E itself in the near future. Accordingly, a vehicle operator release FG2 for an energy transfer depending on the respective status factor F; Fa, Fb, which characterizes the respective storage status S7, selectively for one or both energy stores 7; 7a, 7b in the respective energy transmission direction R1, R2 are granted or not in order to provide the respective energy service DL or not.

From the status factor F; Fa, Fb with ZW1 or ZW2, in addition to determining the storage status S7 in the cost calculation module 50 of the processing unit 13, it is also derived whether or when it is economically justified to deliver energy E in the feed-in mode or to absorb it in the charging mode. In this consideration, the state of degeneration is also DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b, which progresses with each charging and discharging process, so that the monetary value of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b decreases. In addition, the speed of a charging and discharging process affects the state of degeneration DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b out. A rendered energy service DL has even without the energy E being used to operate the vehicle 1, a NEN cost disadvantage for the vehicle operator 2 due to a depreciation of the energy storage 7; 7a, 7b.

In order to take this into account, an energy price P is set by the cost calculation module 50, which the vehicle operator 2 should demand at least per transmitted kWh (kilowatt hour) so that the energy service DL (e.g. compensation for the utilization L of the energy network 30 or the charging of another vehicle 100) for the vehicle operator 2 calculates if this provides this energy service DL. Depending on this energy price P, the vehicle operator 2 can then issue a vehicle operator release FG2 if the respective energy user EA has approved this energy price P by means of a corresponding release FG33, FG101.

The energy price P can be derived from the acquisition costs and the associated depreciation of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b put together, with a degeneration state DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the energy store 7; 7a, 7b can be taken into account. The vehicle operator 2 can set a fixed energy price P for exchanged energy E directly or else dynamically adjust the energy price P.

A dynamic adjustment can be derived from the status factor F; Fa, Fb with ZW1 or ZW2, depending on the energy transmission direction R1, R2, derive, since this has the variables YW, TW, C, the degeneration state DEG; DEGa, DEGb also indicate a measure of the depreciation of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b contains. In addition, the state of charge Z; Za, Zb for the offered energy price P decisive, since for reasons of depreciation and also for reasons of personal use a withdrawal from a full energy storage 7; 7a, 7b is cheaper than that Removal from a half-full energy store 7; 7a, 7b. The following formula can therefore be used for the energy price P, which the vehicle operator 2 stores in the cost calculation module 50:

P1 = PE x (1 - F(ZW1)) or P2 = PE x (1 + F(ZW2)), where PE is a current purchase price for energy E, e.g. 30 cents for 1 kWh, P1 is a consumption energy price and P2 represents a delivery energy price. A distinction is therefore made as to whether the vehicle 1 absorbs energy E from the respective energy user EA (30, 100) (absorbed energy price P1) or from its energy stores 7; 7a, 7b to the respective energy user EA (30, 100) (release energy price P2). The respective state of charge value ZW1, ZW2 takes into account that, for example, further absorption of energy E when the energy store 7; 7a, 7a is more expensive than delivering energy E when the energy store 7 is full; 7a, 7b. The vehicle operator 2 of the vehicle 1 can also specify other parameters and thus weight the purchase price PE accordingly, this being done by appropriately adapting the above formula for the energy price P(P1, P2) in the cost calculation module 50.

The price difference between the recording and the delivery also results from the fact that when energy E is transferred to the energy network 30 from the energy stores 7; 7a, 7b, on the one hand, energy E is provided, which other vehicles (can) use and which these vehicles also pay accordingly to the network operator 33, and on the other hand, an energy service DL is also provided (e.g. stabilizing the energy network 30, feeding in of additionally required energy E). When energy E is taken from the energy network 30 or from another vehicle 100, the energy service DL is dem Purchase price PE offset accordingly. Here, the influence of the status factor F; Fa, Fb can also be weighted differently accordingly.

The energy price P can be continuously updated by the cost calculation module 50 using the variables output by the status monitor 17 or via the status signal SZ to the processing unit 13, e.g. using the charging and discharging behavior V; va, vb This ensures that, for example, with a rapid discharge process, e.g. greater than 50 kW, the energy price P is higher than with a slow discharge, e.g. less than 50 kW, so that the discharging of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b due to a more rapidly progressing state of degeneration DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the energy store 7; 7a, 7b becomes more expensive than is taken by the respective energy service DL. Furthermore, the storage age A; Aa, Ab have an impact on the energy price P, with the state of degeneration DEG; DEGa, DEGb of an older, already depreciated energy store 7; 7a, 7b no longer has any influence on its depreciation, so that a lower energy price P can be applied.

Also the state of charge Z; Za, Zb themselves can have an influence, since the vehicle operator 2 is more willing to give up energy E when the battery charge is high than when the battery charge is low, also because the state of charge Z; Za, Zb of the respective energy store 7; 7, 7b should ideally be kept between 40% and 80% in order to prevent the degenerative state DEG from progressing too quickly. In addition, a remaining charging capacity KR of 20%, for example, should be kept available so that you can continue driving yourself in the future. Correspondingly, this applies in reverse for taking up energy E, with a low battery charge, eg less than 40%, the willingness to take up being higher than with a high battery charge, eg >80%, with the higher/lower readiness changing accordingly in a lower/higher energy energy price P reflects. A correspondingly higher energy price P can also take into account that the state of degeneration DEG of the energy store 7; 7a, 7b during a charging or discharging process at a high current storage temperature T; Ta, Tb is affected more quickly.

The vehicle operator 2 therefore issues a corresponding vehicle operator release FG2 to provide the energy service DL at the respective energy price P, which is continuously determined in the cost calculation module 50 . For this purpose, the energy price P can be transmitted wirelessly via the communication unit 15, for example via 5G or WLAN, LoraWAN, etc., or by wire, for example via PLC or via the communication line in the charging cable 5e, to the respective energy user EA. In addition, the energy user EA can also be informed of individual variables that are contained in the status signal SZ, so that it can possibly better understand the energy price P itself.

Depending on the energy price P transmitted, the respective energy user EA, for example the network operator 33, can then maintain his network operator release FG33 or withdraw it again if the energy price P is too high for him, for example. The vehicle operator 101 of the other vehicle 100 as the energy user EA can also grant or refuse a corresponding user release FG101 if he wants to use the energy service DL at the specified energy price P or not. Based on the respective price-dependent releases FG2, FG33, FG101, the processing unit 13 can then in the second step ST2 a coupling signal SK; SKa, SKb for the respective electrical switching device 11; 1 1 a, 1 1 b generate in the towing vehicle 1 a and / or in the trailer 1 b and wirelessly or wired to the switching device 1 1; 1 1 a, 1 1 b, so that the energy service DL ge- can be provided to the respective energy user EA (30, 100).

In a third sub-step ST1 .3, a network operator release FG33 can be issued in parallel with the provision of the energy service DL or instead, which is used to charge the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b charge in the vehicle 1, so that the energy network 30 energy E can be provided for electrically driving the vehicle 1 in regular operation. If the vehicle 1 requires energy E from the overhead line 32 or the lane line 34 or the charging stations 36 or generally the energy network 30, it can take this from the energy network 30 if network operator approval FG33 is available for it. The network operator release FG33 can be granted depending on the load L of the energy network 30, for example. Furthermore, the network operator release FG33 can also be linked to the energy price P, which the network operator 33 defines in this case. Since the vehicle operator 2 actively requests energy E and the network operator 33 provides this energy E, the degeneration state DEG; DEGa, DEGb of the respective energy store 7; 7a, 7b in this case no role in determining the energy price P.

In this case, when the network operator release FG33 is granted in regular operation, it can also be taken into account whether the vehicle 1 itself has used energy E from the respective energy store 7 in the past; 7a, 7b fed into the energy network 30 via the overhead lines 32 or the lane line 34 or the charging station 36 and has therefore also provided energy E from a store for other vehicles in order to stabilize the energy network 30. The vehicle 1 can thus receive an “energy credit” from the energy service DL provided in the past, which can later be used in regular operation in order to obtain energy from the energy network 30 for driving. The bringing the energy service DL by the vehicle operator 2 and the regular operation of the vehicle 1 are therefore fundamentally separate from one another, but can also run parallel to one another at least at times.

In a third step ST3, depending on the price-dependent release FG; FG33, FG2, FG101 and thus depending on the setting of the electrical switching devices 11; 1 1 a, 11 b energy E is either absorbed or released in order to provide the respective energy service DL and/or to obtain energy E for driving the vehicle 1 in regular operation. The decisive factor here is in which direction of energy transmission R1, R2 a release FG; FG33, FG2; FG101 was granted.

The method according to the invention thus ensures that free storage capacities in the vehicle 1, be it towing vehicle 1a or trailer 1b or both, the energy network 30 and/or another vehicle 100 under certain conditions, in particular as a function of the cost calculation model 50 specified Energy price P to provide as a buffer and thus provide an energy service DL. In this way, the integration of the stationary energy supply devices EV, ie the overhead lines 32 or the roadway lines 34 or the charging stations 36, can be improved in the existing network infrastructure and operation can be simplified. Energy E can be fed into energy network 30 not only when vehicle 1 is braking and thereby generating excess braking energy EB, but whenever energy stores 7; 7a, 7b in the vehicle 1 there is just enough energy E and this can be provided from an economic point of view. If, for example, overhead lines 32 or lane lines 34 are erected or installed on mountainous lanes 4, the vehicles 1 can use excess energy E in their Ren energy storage 7; 7a, 7b support the uphill vehicles 1 without having to brake themselves.

For this purpose, the already carried energy E from the energy stores 7; 7a, 7b and additionally also the braking energy EB generated when driving downhill can be used. It is in fact quite conceivable that the feeding into the energy network 30 can take place at a point in time at which the vehicle 1 has no drive support via the energy store 7; 7a, 7b required, the energy storage 7; 7a, 7b are fully charged, and therefore additionally generated braking energy EB itself cannot be used. This excess energy E can be made available to the energy network 30 accordingly. However, even when the vehicle 1 is stationary, the excess energy E can be made available to other vehicles 100 or to the energy network 30 via a direct connection or via a charging station 36 .

The described components in the vehicle 1 are independent of a drive type B (purely electric 1 E or hybrid 1 H) of the vehicle 1. If the vehicle 1 is operated, for example, purely electrically, the energy stores 7; 7a, 7b in all probability significantly greater than, for example, in hybrid vehicles 1 H. In hybrid vehicles 1 H it is also possible that in the first sub-step ST1 .1 or third sub-step ST1 .3 in the event of an overload of the energy network 30 (network Frequency f30 "center frequency fM) due to excessive demand, the network operator release FG33 in the first energy transmission direction R1 (30 => 7) is selectively withdrawn for this type of drive B. In this way, individual vehicles 1 can be decoupled from the energy network 30 again, so that they have to continue driving with the conventional drive and/or can only feed energy E into the energy network 30 . As a result, the energy network 30 can be stabilized again. If an energy demand after the decoupling of the hybrid vehicles 1 H is still too high, the network operator release FG33 in the first energy transmission direction R1 is also withdrawn for purely electrically powered vehicles 1 E whose energy storage 7; 7a, 7b a state of charge Z; Za, Zb have a limit state of charge ZT and/or their status factor F; Fa, Fb exceeds a limit status factor FT. These vehicles 1 are then correspondingly decoupled from the energy network 30 since they are also able to move forward on their own. These purely electrically operated vehicles 1 can then decide to provide an energy service DL to stabilize the energy network 30 and energy E from the energy stores 7; 7a, 7b into the energy network 30 in the second energy transmission direction R2.

This means that network operator approval FG33 can also be used as a function of drive type B and/or as a function of state of charge Z; Za, Zb of the respective vehicle 1 and, if necessary, subsequently withdrawn again.

List of reference symbols (part of the description)

1 vehicle

1a towing vehicle

1b trailer

1 E all-electric vehicle

1 H hybrid vehicle

2 vehicle operators

3 energy transmission system

4 lane

5 energy consumers

5a Towing vehicle slide rail

5b trailer slide rail

5c inductive energy collector

5d clutch

5e charging cable

7 energy storage

7a traction vehicle energy storage

7b trailer energy storage

9 transducer setup

9a Towing vehicle converter device

9b trailer converter device

11 electrical switching device

11 a electric towing vehicle switching device

11b electrical trailer switching device

13 processing unit

13E external processing unit

13Z central processing unit

15 communication unit

17 state guards

30 energy network 31 power distributor

32 catenary

33 network operators

34 lane lines

36 charging station

50 cost calculation module

100 more vehicle

101 other vehicle operators

A Storage age of the energy storage 7

Aa Towing vehicle storage age

From trailer storage age

AF Inquiry to provide the energy service DL

B Type of drive

C Influencing Factors

DEG state of degeneration of the energy store

DEGa towing vehicle degeneration condition

DEGb trailer degeneration condition

DL energy service

E electrical energy

EA Energy users

EB braking energy

EV stationary energy supply device f30 mains frequency fB frequency band fM center frequency

F Energy storage status factor 7

Fa towing vehicle status factor

Fb follower status factor

FG release

FG2 vehicle operator approval

FG33 Network operator release FG101 user release

FT Limit Status Factor

KR remaining charging capacity

L Utilization

Lg low occupancy

Lh high utilization

P energy price

P1 Admission Energy Price

P2 Delivery Energy Price

PE purchase price

R1 first energy transmission direction

R2 second energy transmission direction

S software

S7 memory status

SA request signal

SF release signal

SK coupling signal

SKa towing vehicle coupling signal

SKb trailer coupling signal

SZ status signal

T storage temperature

Ta towing vehicle storage temperature

Tb trailer storage temperature

TU ambient temperature

TW temperature state value

U1 a towing vehicle voltage

U1 b trailer voltage

U30 mains voltage

UP subprogram

V Charging and discharging behavior of the energy storage 7

Va towing vehicle loading and unloading behavior Vb trailer loading and unloading behavior w1, w2, w3, w4, w5 weighting factors

Y cycle stability

Ya towing vehicle cycle life

Yb trailer cycle life

YW cycle resistance value

Z State of charge of the energy storage device 7

Za towing vehicle charge level

E.g. trailer charge level

ZT limit state of charge

ZW1 current consumption state of charge value

ZW2 current output state of charge value

STO, ST1 , ST1 .1 , ST1 .2, ST1 .3, ST2, ST3 Steps of the procedure

Claims

- 48 - Claims

1 . Method for exchanging electrical energy (E) between at least one energy store (7) in a vehicle (1) of a vehicle operator (2) and an energy user (EA), wherein the at least one energy store (7) is designed to use electrical energy ( E) to store permanently, and an electrical connection between the at least one energy store (7) and the energy user (EA) can be formed to exchange energy (E), characterized in that an exchange of energy (E) from the Energy user (EA) in the at least one energy store (7) of the vehicle (1) in a first energy transmission direction (R1), or from the at least one energy store (7) of the vehicle (1) to the energy user (EA ) takes place in a second energy transmission direction (R2) in order to provide an energy service (DL) by the vehicle operator (2), the exchange of energy (E) depending on one of the vehicle operator (2) festge Put energy price (P) for the energy service (DL) takes place, the energy price (P) depending on a storage status (S7) of the at least one energy storage (7) is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy price (P) is determined depending on whether the energy (E) for providing the energy service (DL) in the first energy transmission direction (R1), or is transmitted in the second energy transmission direction (R2).

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy price (P) for the energy service (DL) includes a recording energy price (P1) and / or a delivery energy price (P2), where - 49 -

- the absorption energy price (P1) indicates the energy price (P) for the transmission of energy (E) in the first energy transmission direction (R1), and

- the delivery energy price (P2) the energy price (P) for the transmission of energy (E) in the second energy transmission direction (R2). The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the energy price (P) for the energy service (DL) is dependent on a status factor (F) and / or a purchase price (PE) for energy (E), where for the input energy price (P1) preferably applies: P1 = PE x (1 - F) and for the output energy price (P2) preferably applies: P2 = PE x (1 + F), where the status factor (F) characterizes the current memory status (S7) of the respective energy store (7). Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the status factor (F) is formed as a function of a state of degeneration (DEG) of the at least one energy store (7) and/or a state of charge (Z) of the at least one energy store (7), the Degeneration state (DEG) and the state of charge (Z) are weighted to determine the status factor (F) and the state of charge (Z) is dependent on the energy transmission direction (R1, R2). Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the state of degeneration (DEG) of the at least one energy store (7) is determined as a function of at least one variable selected from the group consisting of: a store temperature (T), a charging and discharging behavior (V), a cycle stability (Y), a storage age (A), an ambient temperature (TU), a towing vehicle voltage (U1 a), a trailer voltage (U1 b), these variables being weighted differently depending on the energy storage device (7) used to determine the degenerative - 50 - condition (DEG). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each energy store (7; 7a, 7b) is assigned its own energy price (P) and/or storage status (S7). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage status (S7) and/or the energy price (P) for the energy service (DL) is determined statically or dynamically. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that depending on the storage status (S7) assigned to the at least one energy storage device (7) and/or the energy price (P) set by the vehicle operator (2) for the energy service (DL ) a coupling signal (SK) is generated and output, with an electrical connection between the at least one energy store (7) and an energy consumer (5) connected to the energy user (EA) depending on the coupling signal (SK). Vehicle (1) is formed (ST2), preferably via a switching device (1 1) in the vehicle (1). Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the coupling signal (SK) in the vehicle (1) is generated or outside the vehicle (1) and wirelessly or wired to the vehicle (1) is transmitted. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy (E) between the at least one energy store (7) and the energy user (EA) in the case of a trained electrical connection via an overhead line (32) or a roadway - 51 - line (34) or a charging station (36) or a charging cable (5e) is replaced. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy service (DL) to compensate for a load (L) of an energy network (30) as an energy user (EA) and / or the provision of energy (E). supporting another vehicle (100) as an energy user (EA) and/or storing excess energy (E) of an energy user (EA). Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the utilization (L) of the energy network (30) can lie between a high utilization (Lh) and a low utilization (Lg), with a high utilization (Lh) of the energy network (30) an exchange of energy (E) in the second energy transmission direction (R2) and with a low load (Lg) of the energy network (30) an exchange of energy (E) in the first energy transmission direction (R1) takes place in order to compensate for the high utilization (Lh) or the low utilization (Lg) of the energy network (30). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is determined whether a release (FG) by the energy user (EA) is present, the release (FG) indicating whether the respective energy user (EA) to provide the Energy service (DL) allows either energy (E) in the first energy transmission direction (R1) and / or the second energy transmission direction (R2) to transmit (ST1, ST1.1, ST1.3), the release (FG) is granted by the energy user (EA) depending on at least one property selected from the group consisting of: a vehicle type (B) of the vehicle (1), a capacity utilization (L) of the energy user (EA), the storage status (S7) assigned to the respective energy storage device (7) and/or the energy price set by the vehicle operator (2). (P) for the energy service (DL). Processing unit (13) for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing unit (13) is designed to generate and output a coupling signal (SK) in such a way that an electrical connection between at least one energy store (7) in a vehicle (1) and an energy user (EA) can be formed to an exchange of energy (E) from the energy user (EA) in the at least one energy store (7) of the vehicle (1) in a first Energy transmission direction (R1), or from the at least one energy store (7) of the vehicle (1) to the energy user (EA) in a second energy transmission direction (R2) to provide an energy service (DL) by the vehicle operator (2) to enable, wherein the processing unit (13) is designed to generate the coupling signal (SK) as a function of an energy price (P) fixed for the energy service (DL). ugen, wherein the processing unit (13) for this purpose has a cost calculation module (50), wherein the cost calculation module (50) is designed, depending on a memory status (S7) of the at least one energy store (7) an energy price (P) for the energy Service (DL) to determine. Processing unit (13) according to claim 15, characterized in that the processing unit (13) comprises a communication unit (15), the processing unit (13) sending the energy price (P) via the communication unit (15) to the at least one energy user (EA) can transmit and/or the energy user (EA) the processing unit (13) via the communication unit (15) can transmit whether a release (FG) is issued by the energy user (EA), the release (FG) indicating whether the respective energy user (EA) to provide the energy service (DL) allows energy (E) to be transmitted at the specified energy price (P) in the first energy transmission direction (R1) and/or the second energy transmission direction (R2). Vehicle (1), in particular commercial vehicle, wherein the vehicle (1) has at least one electrical switching device (11), at least one energy store (7) and at least one energy consumer (5) that can be connected thereto, wherein the energy consumer (5) is designed in the frame the provision of an energy service (DL) to be coupled with an energy user (EA), wherein the energy store (7) is designed to store electrical energy (E) permanently, and wherein the electrical switching device (11) is designed, form an electrical connection between the at least one energy store (7) and the energy consumer (5) as a function of a coupling signal (SK) output by a processing unit (13) according to claim 15 or 16 in order to exchange energy (E) between the at least one energy store (7) and the connectable energy user (EA) depending on an energy price (P ) to allow for the energy service (DL), the energy price (P) depending on a memory status (S7) of the at least one energy memory (7) is fixed. Vehicle (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the coupling signal (SK) from an in-vehicle processing unit (13Z) can be generated and output or from an external processing - 54 - processing unit (13E) wireless or wired to the vehicle (1) is transferrable. Vehicle (1) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the vehicle (1) consists of a towing vehicle (1a) and at least one trailer (1b), wherein the towing vehicle (1a) has a towing vehicle energy store (7a) and/or a trailer energy store (7b) is/are arranged in the trailer (1b), the towing vehicle energy store (7a) and/or the trailer energy store (7b) preferably being selectively connected to the energy user (EA) in Depending on the coupling signal (SK) can be connected. Vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the vehicle (1) is a hybrid vehicle (1 H) or a fully electrically powered vehicle (1 E).