EP4216725A1 - Method, electrocoagulation device, and use of said device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice - Google Patents

Method, electrocoagulation device, and use of said device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice

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Publication number
EP4216725A1
EP4216725A1 EP21811152.4A EP21811152A EP4216725A1 EP 4216725 A1 EP4216725 A1 EP 4216725A1 EP 21811152 A EP21811152 A EP 21811152A EP 4216725 A1 EP4216725 A1 EP 4216725A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leaf juice
electrocoagulation
proteins
electrode
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21811152.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sybrandus KOOPMANS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grassa BV
Original Assignee
Grassa BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grassa BV filed Critical Grassa BV
Publication of EP4216725A1 publication Critical patent/EP4216725A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/006—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials
    • A23J1/007—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials from leafy vegetables, e.g. alfalfa, clover, grass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method, an electrocoagulation device, and use of said device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice. This enables obtaining the proteins from grass juice by electrocoagulation.
  • flocculants refers to particles to which the average particle size increases. Therefore, the addition of flocculants initiates flocculation. In other words, the addition of flocculants initiates a process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersion form larger size clusters.
  • a disadvantage of harvesting proteins from leaf juice using flocculants is that the harvested proteins are contaminated by the flocculants and have a negative impact on the purity and thus the quality of the protein.
  • An objective of the present invention is to obviate or at least reduce the aforementioned problems and provide a method which increases the quality, and preferably including recovery, of the proteins.
  • the device comprising: a reactor; at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor; and a current and/or voltage source;
  • the method according to the invention starts with providing a device for electrocoagulation, wherein said device comprise a reactor, at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor, and a current and/or voltage source.
  • the device for electrocoagulation comprises two, three, four, or more electrodes.
  • Providing a plurality of electrodes enables efficient and effective electrocoagulation.
  • Using multiple electrodes increases the surface of the electrodes and reduces the distance between the electrodes.
  • the method according to the invention is performed using a large surface of at least the positive electrode, more preferably the surface of the negative electrode and the positive electrode is substantially equal.
  • a small distance between the negative electrode and positive electrode is preferred.
  • the reactor i.e. the inner reactor wall, may act as one of the electrodes.
  • Said device may be movable, therefore, the current and/or voltage source may be a battery, an aggregate, voltage network, solar panel, and the like, or a combination thereof.
  • An advantage of a movable device is that the method according to the invention may be performed close or at the site where the leaf is harvested and/or leaf juice is produced. As a result, an efficient and effective method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice is achieved.
  • leaf juice is provided to the reactor. Thereafter, an electric potential difference is applied to the electrodes. Providing an electric potential difference to the electrodes will result in at least one electrode comprising a positive charge, and at least one electrode comprising a negative charge.
  • These steps enable the step of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins.
  • the step of separating the cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution may be performed.
  • the cluster of coagulated proteins comprises the majority, preferably all, the proteins which were present in the leaf juice.
  • the coagulation of the proteins occurs at the positive electrode and/or the proteins are attracted towards the positive electrode.
  • direct current as well as alternating current can be used.
  • the clusters of coagulated proteins may be formed at and stick to the electrode. Furthermore, the clusters of coagulated proteins may float in the rest solution. Preferably, the clusters of coagulated proteins float toward the top surface of the rest solution which enables easy harvesting of the clusters of coagulated proteins. Alternatively, the clusters of coagulated proteins precipitate within the reactor and/or in a separate precipitation tank/container.
  • the potential difference is in the range of 0.1 Volt to 50 Volt, preferably in the range of 0.2 Volt to 40 Volt, more preferably in the range of 0.3 Volt to 35 Volt.
  • electrocoagulation comprising the above mentioned potential difference provided efficient and effective coagulation of the proteins.
  • the undesired particles may for example be compounds comprising iron and/or compounds comprising aluminium and/or salts such as sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, and the like.
  • the undesired particles may be flocculants. As a result, a food-grade protein is achieved which may be used as food source for humans.
  • the method according to the invention for electrocoagulation is energy efficient. It was found that the coagulation of the leaf juice forming proteins by the method according to the invention used less energy compared to coagulation by heating the leaf juice. Therefore, the method according to the invention is more energy efficient as compared to coagulation by heating of the leaf juice forming proteins.
  • the increase in temperature of the leaf juice with the cluster of coagulated proteins is limited to at most 10 °C, preferably at most 5 °C, more preferably to at most 3 °C.
  • the relatively small increase of the temperature of the leaf juice with the cluster of coagulated proteins enables efficient and effective separation of the cluster of coagulated proteins and the rest solution. As a result a backlog and/or cooling step is prevented as a temperature of the leaf juice comprising the formed cluster of coagulated proteins between 10 °C and 40 °C is preferred.
  • the temperature of the leaf juice comprising the formed cluster of coagulated proteins has a temperature which may be handled without the use of safety precautions towards the temperature. Therefore, the method according to the invention may be performed in a safe manner and an operator does not need to be trained to be able to handle solutions/suspensions at temperatures above 50 °C.
  • Another advantage of the method for electrocoagulation according to the invention is that neutralisation of the pH or amending the acidity level to achieve the desired pH of the leaf juice with the formed cluster of coagulated proteins and/or the rest solution is prevented.
  • This reduces the use of chemicals such as an acid or base. Therefore, the costs to coagulate the proteins and environmental footprint are reduced.
  • the lack of (strong) acids and/or (strong) base reduces the health and safety hazards, and thus also the precautions which are required when using said compounds such as spillage kit and/or neutralising agent.
  • the pH of the leaf juice and/or rest solution is in the range of 5 to 9, more preferably the pH of the leaf juice and/or rest solution is in the range of 6 to 8.
  • An advantage of said pH range is that the leaf juice and/or rest solution may be disposed in a conventional way, such as a draining system.
  • the rest solution may be used as fertiliser, for example as fertiliser for the land the leaf, and therefore leaf juice, is harvested from.
  • the rest solution may be used in a further refinement step. This refinement enables to further harvest valuable resources, such as phosphates, sulphates, nitrates, and/or left over proteins.
  • the further refinement of the rest solution optimises the use of the initial leaf juice.
  • the method is performed in a continuous process.
  • a continuous process refers also to flow process. Furthermore, continuous process refers to a process which is run in a continuously flowing stream.
  • An advantage of a continuous process is that the down time of the electrocoagulation device is reduced and therefore the efficiency of the method according to the invention is increased. As a result, a higher throughput compared to a batch process may be achieved.
  • Another advantage of a continuous process is that heat transfer is also much more effective (including the introduction of multiple stage temperature zones), as are the mixing efficiencies that may be achieved. As a result the coagulation of the proteins by heat is suppressed and ultimately prevented, and the coagulation time may be reduced due to the severe mixing. It was found that the improvement in mixing efficiency is especially beneficial for the multi-phase reaction as the clusters of coagulated proteins move away from the electrodes. Therefore, an even more efficient and effective electrocoagulation is achieved.
  • An advantage of a batch process is that relatively small volumes of leaf juice may be processed. As a result the loss of valuable leaf juice comprising proteins is prevented.
  • the leaf juice is a leaf juice from green leaves, preferably wherein the leaf juice is grass juice.
  • leaf juice and that juices from green leaves, may also be used.
  • said leaf juice may be grass juice.
  • grass juice from grass is that grass is readily available and efficient to harvest.
  • grass may be harvested more efficient and effective compared to (green) leaves from trees and/or shrubs and/or bushes.
  • one or more of the at least one electrode may be an inert electrode.
  • the one or more of the at least one electrode may be a carbon electrode.
  • An advantage of using two inert electrodes is that the positive and negative pole may alternate during the electrocoagulation of the leaf juice, for example in a step of alternating the poles of the at least one electrode. This enables less diffusion of the proteins to the positive poles and increases the coagulation of the proteins, and therefore increases the amount of cluster of coagulated proteins and harvested proteins.
  • inert electrodes Furthermore, the use of inert electrodes is that said electrodes prevent release of impurities by the electrodes. Therefore, the purity, and thus the ability to use the harvested proteins, is increased, and the addition of undesired particles is reduced.
  • Another advantage of alternating the poles is that the electrodes may be cleaned when the poles are switched.
  • the clusters of coagulated proteins are attracted by the positive electrode and repelled by the negative electrode. This enables efficient and effective cleaning of the electrodes of attached clusters of coagulated proteins.
  • a boost may be provided to the electrodes to clean them from clusters of coagulated proteins.
  • Said boost comprise a high current and/or voltage send to at least one of the electrodes, wherein the current and/or voltage is at least 100 Volt.
  • the method according to the invention provides proteins which can be processed further and can be used in a wide variety of applications, and also increases the ability to (reproducibly) harvest proteins.
  • the temperature during the step of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins may be in the range of 10 °C to 45 °C, preferably in the range of 15 °C to 30 °C.
  • An advantage of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins in the range of 10 °C to 45 °C, preferably in the range of 15 °C to 30 °C is that severe burning by heat exposure of for example an operator is minimised.
  • the method according to the invention prevents an operator to work with high temperatures. Also, heat (and energy) losses are limited.
  • the method according to the invention enables disposal and/or further processing of the rest solution and/or cluster of coagulated proteins without cooling. Therefore, a cooling step is not required, Maillard reactions are reduced, and an energy efficient method is achieved.
  • the method further comprises the step of adding solvent, wherein the solvent is one or more selected from the group of: water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2- methoxyethanol.
  • a solvent depends on the desired coagulation.
  • the choice of solvent depends on the polarity of the leaf juice and/or rest solution, solubility of the coagulated proteins in the solvent, and environmental footprint.
  • An advantage of adding a solvent is that the leaf juice and/or rest solution may be diluted. Diluting the leaf juice and/or rest solution may increase the coagulation rate of the proteins, as the proteins may move efficiently and effectively towards the positive electrode.
  • the added solvent may act as a co-solvent and changing the polarity of the leaf juice and/or rest solution. This may increase the coagulation rate and/or changes the coagulation equilibrium towards the coagulation of proteins rather than the uncoagulated proteins. As a result, the coagulation of proteins may be optimised.
  • the method further comprises the step of adding an additive.
  • the step of adding an additive is performed before, simultaneously, or after the step of adding solvent.
  • An advantage of adding additive is that it enables to harvest proteins efficiently and effectively.
  • the leaf juice may be a food-grade leaf juice.
  • Processing a food-grade leaf juice by the method according to the invention enables the method according to the invention to provide food-grade proteins, wherein food-grade proteins relate to proteins suitable for consumption by humans.
  • the food-grade proteins represent a higher economical value compared to non food-grade proteins.
  • the food-grade proteins may be used in food products such as meat replacements, food supplements, food additives, and the like. Therefore, the method according to the invention wherein the leaf juice may be a food-grade leaf juice obviates or at least reduces the world wide shortage of food.
  • the step of separating a cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution comprises one or more of the steps of filtering, sedimentation, precipitating, centrifuging.
  • filtering sedimentation, precipitating, and/or centrifuging provided efficient and effective separation of the cluster of coagulated proteins and rest solution.
  • One or more of the steps of filtering, sedimentation, precipitating, centrifuging enables efficient and effective harvesting of the desired proteins.
  • the method further comprises one or more of the steps:
  • An advantage of performing the method comprising one or more of the steps of the above mentioned preferred embodiment is that a wide variety of leaf species may be used. This enables the use of different leaf species and reduces the need for (valuable, food-grade) proteins.
  • step of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of lactic acid bacteria comprises a biochemical reaction and that the step of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of a suitable acid comprises a chemical reaction.
  • the step of adding salt to the leaf juice to increase the ionisation degree of the leaf juice provides an increase of the ionisation degree of the leaf juice.
  • the ions of the salt improve the conduction of the leaf juice and may improve the electrocoagulation of the proteins.
  • the invention also relates to an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice, comprising:
  • the electrocoagulation device is configured for performing the method according to the invention.
  • the electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice provides similar effects and advantages as those described for the method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice.
  • the reactor according to the invention is a reactor suitable for a continuous process.
  • Such reactor may process a continuous stream of the leaf juice and may provide a continuous stream of the coagulated protein.
  • the electrocoagulation device may be compact and movable. This enables the use of said device near or at the location the leaf and/or leaf juice is harvested. This reduces transport costs.
  • the at least one electrode may be an inert electrode.
  • the at least one electrode may be a carbon electrode.
  • the at least one electrode may be a plate, preferably wherein the plate may be a flat plate.
  • the electrocoagulation device further comprises one ore more of a filter, a sedimentation tank, a precipitation tank, a centrifuge.
  • sedimentation tank and/or precipitation tank may be the same as the reactor.
  • An advantage of the filter is that the cluster of coagulated proteins and the rest solution may be separated in an efficient and effective manner. This enables to obtain the valuable cluster of coagulated proteins comprising the majority, preferably all, the proteins initially present in the leaf juice.
  • the filter may be a band filter.
  • the invention also relates to a use of an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the invention to perform the method according to the invention.
  • the band filter having an input position and an output position.
  • An advantage of the membrane band filter is that a continuous separation of the protein paste and whey may be achieved.
  • the membrane band filter is provided at an angle to a substantially horizontal reference line, preferably a line on a ground surface, wherein said angle is between 1° and 45°.
  • the horizontal reference line is understood to also encompass a horizontal surface or a horizontal plane.
  • the band input position when viewed in a direction substantially vertically upward from the horizontal reference line, is positioned at a lower position than the band output position.
  • the leave juice is provided to the lowest point of the band membrane filter.
  • the lowest part of the band membrane filter refers to the input position, which is (when viewed in an upward or vertical direction) positioned at a lower point to the output position of the band membrane filter. This means that the leave juice, during transportation in a transport direction is transported in an upward direction. This enables the whey and/or (unseparated) leave juice to flow at least partially downward, which improves separation.
  • electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the invention to perform the method according to the invention provides similar effects and advantages as those described for the method and electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice (and other juices).
  • the obtained coagulated proteins may be used as food-grade proteins.
  • the coagulated may be used for meat replacements, food additives, food supplements, and the like.
  • the cluster of coagulated proteins comprises coagulated proteins forming a valuable composition. Therefore, the method according to the invention and/or the electrocoagulation device according to the invention provide a valuable composition.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of an example of the method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2A shows an example of an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice comprising one electrode
  • FIG. 2B shows an example of an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice comprising two electrodes
  • FIG. 2C shows an example of a continuous flow electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice comprising two electrodes.
  • Method 10 shows an example of the method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the present invention follows a sequence of different steps.
  • the device for electrocoagulation comprises a reactor, at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor, and a current and/or voltage source.
  • the reactor may be an electrode, preferably wherein the inner wall of the reactor is the electrode.
  • Step 12 is followed by step 14 of providing leaf juice to the reactor.
  • the leaf juice comprises proteins which may be harvested by the method according to the invention and further described by the illustrated example of method 10.
  • Step 14 of the illustrated example of method 10 is followed by step 18 of providing an electric potential difference to the electrodes.
  • step 16 of adding solvent and/or additive to the leaf juice is performed before step 18.
  • Step 18 of the illustrated example of method 10 is followed by step 20 of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins.
  • the coagulation is performed near or at the positive electrode.
  • step 20 is followed by step 22 of separating the cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution. This step provides the cluster of coagulated proteins comprising coagulated proteins and a rest solution as separate streams.
  • step 18 and/or step 20 of the illustrated example of method 10 are followed by one ore more of step 24 of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of a suitable acid, and/or step 26 of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of lactic acid bacteria, and/or step 28 of heating the leaf juice during the coagulation, and/or step 30 of adding salt to the leaf juice to increase the ionisation degree of the leaf juice, and/or step 32 of adding flocculants to the leaf juice.
  • Electrocoagulation device 40 ( Figure 2A) comprises reactor 42, which is configured for holding leaf juice 44, and is provided with inlet 46, and outlet 48. Reactor 42 may be filled via inlet 46 and emptied via outlet 48. This enables a batch and also a continuous operation of reactor 42.
  • Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises electrode 50 and current and/or voltage source 52.
  • Current and/or voltage source 52 may provide an electric potential difference to electrode 50.
  • Reactor 42 of electrocoagulation device 40 is the second electrode, preferably the inner wall (not shown) of reactor 42 is the second electrode and complements the electric circuit. The combination of reactor 42 and electrode 50 enable electrocoagulation of leaf juice 44.
  • Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises one or more of filter 54a, sedimentation tank 54b, precipitation tank 54c, centrifuge 54d.
  • device 40 can also be envisaged in accordance to the invention.
  • locations of inlet and outlet may be switched.
  • Electrocoagulation device 41 ( Figure 2B) comprises reactor 42, which is configured for holding leaf juice 44, inlet 46, and outlet 48. Reactor 42 may be filled via inlet 46 and emptied via outlet 48. This enables a batch and also a continuous operation of reactor 42. Electrocoagulation device 41 further comprises electrodes 50 and 51, and current and/or voltage source 52. Current and/or voltage source 52 may provide an electric potential difference to electrodes 50 and 51. The combination of electrode 50 and electrode 51 enable electrocoagulation of leaf juice 44.
  • Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises one or more of filter 54a, sedimentation tank 54b, precipitation tank 54c, centrifuge 54d.
  • Continuous flow electrocoagulation device 56 ( Figure 2C) comprises inlet 46, outlet 48, reactor 42, which is configured for holding and/or flowing leaf juice 44, and electrodes 50.
  • Reactor 42 is configured to be a tube, wherein reactor 42 of Continuous flow electrocoagulation device 56 is the second electrode, preferably the inner wall (not shown) of reactor 42 is the second electrode and complements the electric circuit.
  • Continuous flow electrocoagulation device 56 further comprises and current and/or voltage source 52.
  • Current and/or voltage source 52 may provide an electric potential difference to electrode 50 and reactor 42.
  • reactor 42 comprises isolator 58 which is configured to prevent direct electric connection between electrode 50 and reactor 42. It will be understood that direct electric connection relates to an electric connection wherein there is no or limited resistance between electrode 50 and reactor 42.
  • electrode 50 The combination of electrode 50 and reactor 42 enable electrocoagulation of leaf juice 44.
  • Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises one or more of filter 54a, sedimentation tank 54b, precipitation tank 54c, centrifuge 54d.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates a method, an electrocoagulation device, and a use of said device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice. The method comprises the steps of: - providing a device for electrocoagulation, comprising: - a reactor; - at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor; and - a current and/or voltage source; - providing leaf juice to the reactor; - providing an electric potential difference to the electrodes; - coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins; and - separating the cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution.

Description

METHOD, ELECTROCOAGULATION DEVICE, AND USE OF SAID DEVICE FOR ELECTROCOAGULATION OF PROTEINS FROM LEAF JUICE
The present invention relates to a method, an electrocoagulation device, and use of said device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice. This enables obtaining the proteins from grass juice by electrocoagulation.
It is known from practice that harvesting proteins from leaf juice is performed by heating or adding flocculants to the leaf juice. It is noted that in this respect flocculants refers to particles to which the average particle size increases. Therefore, the addition of flocculants initiates flocculation. In other words, the addition of flocculants initiates a process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersion form larger size clusters.
A disadvantage of harvesting proteins from leaf juice using flocculants is that the harvested proteins are contaminated by the flocculants and have a negative impact on the purity and thus the quality of the protein.
Therefore, there is a need for a method that increases the purity and thus the quality, including processability, of the protein and/or enables an efficient and effective use of the harvested proteins.
An objective of the present invention is to obviate or at least reduce the aforementioned problems and provide a method which increases the quality, and preferably including recovery, of the proteins.
This objective is achieved with a method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a device for electrocoagulation, the device comprising: a reactor; at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor; and a current and/or voltage source;
- providing leaf juice to the reactor;
- providing an electric potential difference to the electrodes;
- coagulating the grass juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins; and
- separating the cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution.
The method according to the invention starts with providing a device for electrocoagulation, wherein said device comprise a reactor, at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor, and a current and/or voltage source.
In a preferred embodiment the device for electrocoagulation comprises two, three, four, or more electrodes. Providing a plurality of electrodes enables efficient and effective electrocoagulation. Using multiple electrodes increases the surface of the electrodes and reduces the distance between the electrodes. Preferably, the method according to the invention is performed using a large surface of at least the positive electrode, more preferably the surface of the negative electrode and the positive electrode is substantially equal. Furthermore, a small distance between the negative electrode and positive electrode is preferred. It will be understood that also the reactor, i.e. the inner reactor wall, may act as one of the electrodes.
Said device may be movable, therefore, the current and/or voltage source may be a battery, an aggregate, voltage network, solar panel, and the like, or a combination thereof. An advantage of a movable device is that the method according to the invention may be performed close or at the site where the leaf is harvested and/or leaf juice is produced. As a result, an efficient and effective method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice is achieved.
According to the invention leaf juice is provided to the reactor. Thereafter, an electric potential difference is applied to the electrodes. Providing an electric potential difference to the electrodes will result in at least one electrode comprising a positive charge, and at least one electrode comprising a negative charge. These steps enable the step of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins. Furthermore, after forming the cluster of coagulated proteins, the step of separating the cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution may be performed. It will be understood that the cluster of coagulated proteins comprises the majority, preferably all, the proteins which were present in the leaf juice. Preferably, the coagulation of the proteins occurs at the positive electrode and/or the proteins are attracted towards the positive electrode. Furthermore, it was found that direct current as well as alternating current can be used.
Depending on the composition of the rest solution and/or composition of the cluster of coagulated proteins, the clusters of coagulated proteins may be formed at and stick to the electrode. Furthermore, the clusters of coagulated proteins may float in the rest solution. Preferably, the clusters of coagulated proteins float toward the top surface of the rest solution which enables easy harvesting of the clusters of coagulated proteins. Alternatively, the clusters of coagulated proteins precipitate within the reactor and/or in a separate precipitation tank/container.
In a preferred embodiment the potential difference is in the range of 0.1 Volt to 50 Volt, preferably in the range of 0.2 Volt to 40 Volt, more preferably in the range of 0.3 Volt to 35 Volt.
It was found that electrocoagulation comprising the above mentioned potential difference provided efficient and effective coagulation of the proteins.
An advantage of the method according to the invention is that contamination of the protein with undesired particles is prevented. The undesired particles may for example be compounds comprising iron and/or compounds comprising aluminium and/or salts such as sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, and the like. In an alternative embodiment the undesired particles may be flocculants. As a result, a food-grade protein is achieved which may be used as food source for humans.
Furthermore, the method according to the invention for electrocoagulation is energy efficient. It was found that the coagulation of the leaf juice forming proteins by the method according to the invention used less energy compared to coagulation by heating the leaf juice. Therefore, the method according to the invention is more energy efficient as compared to coagulation by heating of the leaf juice forming proteins.
Also, as a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that it may applied near or at the location the leaf and/or leaf juice is harvested. This reduces transport costs.
Furthermore, the increase in temperature of the leaf juice with the cluster of coagulated proteins is limited to at most 10 °C, preferably at most 5 °C, more preferably to at most 3 °C. The relatively small increase of the temperature of the leaf juice with the cluster of coagulated proteins enables efficient and effective separation of the cluster of coagulated proteins and the rest solution. As a result a backlog and/or cooling step is prevented as a temperature of the leaf juice comprising the formed cluster of coagulated proteins between 10 °C and 40 °C is preferred.
Furthermore, the temperature of the leaf juice comprising the formed cluster of coagulated proteins has a temperature which may be handled without the use of safety precautions towards the temperature. Therefore, the method according to the invention may be performed in a safe manner and an operator does not need to be trained to be able to handle solutions/suspensions at temperatures above 50 °C.
Another advantage of the method for electrocoagulation according to the invention is that neutralisation of the pH or amending the acidity level to achieve the desired pH of the leaf juice with the formed cluster of coagulated proteins and/or the rest solution is prevented. This reduces the use of chemicals such as an acid or base. Therefore, the costs to coagulate the proteins and environmental footprint are reduced. Furthermore, the lack of (strong) acids and/or (strong) base reduces the health and safety hazards, and thus also the precautions which are required when using said compounds such as spillage kit and/or neutralising agent.
In a preferred embodiment the pH of the leaf juice and/or rest solution is in the range of 5 to 9, more preferably the pH of the leaf juice and/or rest solution is in the range of 6 to 8. An advantage of said pH range is that the leaf juice and/or rest solution may be disposed in a conventional way, such as a draining system.
Preferably, the rest solution may be used as fertiliser, for example as fertiliser for the land the leaf, and therefore leaf juice, is harvested from. Providing the rest solution to (farm) land enables a circular economy and reduces the amount of waste and environmental footprint of the production of coagulated proteins. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the rest solution may be used in a further refinement step. This refinement enables to further harvest valuable resources, such as phosphates, sulphates, nitrates, and/or left over proteins. The further refinement of the rest solution optimises the use of the initial leaf juice.
In a presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the method is performed in a continuous process.
A continuous process refers also to flow process. Furthermore, continuous process refers to a process which is run in a continuously flowing stream.
An advantage of a continuous process is that the down time of the electrocoagulation device is reduced and therefore the efficiency of the method according to the invention is increased. As a result, a higher throughput compared to a batch process may be achieved.
Another advantage of a continuous process is that heat transfer is also much more effective (including the introduction of multiple stage temperature zones), as are the mixing efficiencies that may be achieved. As a result the coagulation of the proteins by heat is suppressed and ultimately prevented, and the coagulation time may be reduced due to the severe mixing. It was found that the improvement in mixing efficiency is especially beneficial for the multi-phase reaction as the clusters of coagulated proteins move away from the electrodes. Therefore, an even more efficient and effective electrocoagulation is achieved.
An advantage of a batch process is that relatively small volumes of leaf juice may be processed. As a result the loss of valuable leaf juice comprising proteins is prevented.
In a presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the leaf juice is a leaf juice from green leaves, preferably wherein the leaf juice is grass juice.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to leaf juice and that juices from green leaves, may also be used. In addition, said leaf juice may be grass juice.
It was found that the method according to the invention harvested even more efficient and effective when juice from green leaves, preferably wherein the leaf juice is grass juice. Therefore, where in this patent application leaf juice is mentioned, this may be replaced with leaf juice from green leaves and/or grass juice.
An advantage of leaf juice from grass, such as grass juice, is that grass is readily available and efficient to harvest. In particular, grass may be harvested more efficient and effective compared to (green) leaves from trees and/or shrubs and/or bushes.
Another advantage of grass juice is that grass may easily grow and requires low maintenance. As a result the price per kilo harvested proteins is compatible with proteins harvested from sources such as milk and/or life stock. In a presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, one or more of the at least one electrode may be an inert electrode. Preferably, the one or more of the at least one electrode may be a carbon electrode.
An advantage of using two inert electrodes is that the positive and negative pole may alternate during the electrocoagulation of the leaf juice, for example in a step of alternating the poles of the at least one electrode. This enables less diffusion of the proteins to the positive poles and increases the coagulation of the proteins, and therefore increases the amount of cluster of coagulated proteins and harvested proteins.
Furthermore, the use of inert electrodes is that said electrodes prevent release of impurities by the electrodes. Therefore, the purity, and thus the ability to use the harvested proteins, is increased, and the addition of undesired particles is reduced.
Another advantage of alternating the poles is that the electrodes may be cleaned when the poles are switched. The clusters of coagulated proteins are attracted by the positive electrode and repelled by the negative electrode. This enables efficient and effective cleaning of the electrodes of attached clusters of coagulated proteins.
Alternatively, a boost may be provided to the electrodes to clean them from clusters of coagulated proteins. Said boost comprise a high current and/or voltage send to at least one of the electrodes, wherein the current and/or voltage is at least 100 Volt.
It was found that an inert electrode provided efficient and effective electrocoagulation of the proteins. The electrocoagulation was even more efficient and effective when a carbon electrode was used.
Furthermore, it was found that the method according to the invention provides proteins which can be processed further and can be used in a wide variety of applications, and also increases the ability to (reproducibly) harvest proteins.
In a further presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the temperature during the step of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins may be in the range of 10 °C to 45 °C, preferably in the range of 15 °C to 30 °C.
An advantage of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins in the range of 10 °C to 45 °C, preferably in the range of 15 °C to 30 °C is that severe burning by heat exposure of for example an operator is minimised. As a result, the method according to the invention prevents an operator to work with high temperatures. Also, heat (and energy) losses are limited.
Furthermore, the method according to the invention enables disposal and/or further processing of the rest solution and/or cluster of coagulated proteins without cooling. Therefore, a cooling step is not required, Maillard reactions are reduced, and an energy efficient method is achieved. In a further presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the method further comprises the step of adding solvent, wherein the solvent is one or more selected from the group of: water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2- methoxyethanol.
The addition of a solvent depends on the desired coagulation. The choice of solvent depends on the polarity of the leaf juice and/or rest solution, solubility of the coagulated proteins in the solvent, and environmental footprint.
An advantage of adding a solvent is that the leaf juice and/or rest solution may be diluted. Diluting the leaf juice and/or rest solution may increase the coagulation rate of the proteins, as the proteins may move efficiently and effectively towards the positive electrode.
Furthermore, the added solvent may act as a co-solvent and changing the polarity of the leaf juice and/or rest solution. This may increase the coagulation rate and/or changes the coagulation equilibrium towards the coagulation of proteins rather than the uncoagulated proteins. As a result, the coagulation of proteins may be optimised.
In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the method further comprises the step of adding an additive. The step of adding an additive is performed before, simultaneously, or after the step of adding solvent.
An advantage of adding additive is that it enables to harvest proteins efficiently and effectively.
In a further presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the leaf juice may be a food-grade leaf juice.
Processing a food-grade leaf juice by the method according to the invention enables the method according to the invention to provide food-grade proteins, wherein food-grade proteins relate to proteins suitable for consumption by humans. The food-grade proteins represent a higher economical value compared to non food-grade proteins.
Additionally, the food-grade proteins may be used in food products such as meat replacements, food supplements, food additives, and the like. Therefore, the method according to the invention wherein the leaf juice may be a food-grade leaf juice obviates or at least reduces the world wide shortage of food.
In a further presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the step of separating a cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution comprises one or more of the steps of filtering, sedimentation, precipitating, centrifuging.
Experiments showed that filtering sedimentation, precipitating, and/or centrifuging provided efficient and effective separation of the cluster of coagulated proteins and rest solution. One or more of the steps of filtering, sedimentation, precipitating, centrifuging enables efficient and effective harvesting of the desired proteins. In a further presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the method further comprises one or more of the steps:
- acidifying the leaf juice by addition of a suitable acid;
- acidifying the leaf juice by addition of lactic acid bacteria;
- heating the leaf juice during the coagulation;
- adding salt to the leaf juice to increase the ionisation degree of the leaf juice; and
- adding flocculants to the leaf juice.
It was found that the one or more of these steps improved the electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice. Therefore, efficient and effective electrocoagulation may be achieved.
An advantage of performing the method comprising one or more of the steps of the above mentioned preferred embodiment is that a wide variety of leaf species may be used. This enables the use of different leaf species and reduces the need for (valuable, food-grade) proteins.
It will be understood that the step of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of lactic acid bacteria comprises a biochemical reaction and that the step of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of a suitable acid comprises a chemical reaction.
Furthermore, the step of adding salt to the leaf juice to increase the ionisation degree of the leaf juice provides an increase of the ionisation degree of the leaf juice. In other words, the ions of the salt improve the conduction of the leaf juice and may improve the electrocoagulation of the proteins.
The invention also relates to an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice, comprising:
- a reactor;
- at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor; and
- a current and/or voltage source, wherein the electrocoagulation device is configured for performing the method according to the invention.
The electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice provides similar effects and advantages as those described for the method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice.
Preferably, the reactor according to the invention is a reactor suitable for a continuous process. Such reactor may process a continuous stream of the leaf juice and may provide a continuous stream of the coagulated protein.
An advantage of the electrocoagulation device according to the invention is that it may be compact and movable. This enables the use of said device near or at the location the leaf and/or leaf juice is harvested. This reduces transport costs. In a presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the at least one electrode may be an inert electrode. Preferably, the at least one electrode may be a carbon electrode.
It was found that an inert electrode provided efficient and effective electrocoagulation of the proteins. The electrocoagulation was even more efficient and effective when a carbon electrode was used.
In a presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the at least one electrode may be a plate, preferably wherein the plate may be a flat plate.
It was found that a flat plate provided efficient electrocoagulation. In particular, efficient electrocoagulation was achieved when the flat plate is the positive electrode. An even more efficient electrocoagulation device was achieved when the flat plat is made of carbon. This results in an efficient and effective electrocoagulation of the leaf juice.
In a presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the electrocoagulation device further comprises one ore more of a filter, a sedimentation tank, a precipitation tank, a centrifuge.
It will be understood that the sedimentation tank and/or precipitation tank may be the same as the reactor.
An advantage of the filter is that the cluster of coagulated proteins and the rest solution may be separated in an efficient and effective manner. This enables to obtain the valuable cluster of coagulated proteins comprising the majority, preferably all, the proteins initially present in the leaf juice.
In a presently preferred embodiment according to the invention, the filter may be a band filter.
It was found that the separation of the cluster of coagulated proteins and the rest solution was efficiently performed using a band filter. Said filter is easy to use and environmental friendly.
The invention also relates to a use of an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the invention to perform the method according to the invention.
In a preferred embodiment, the band filter having an input position and an output position.
An advantage of the membrane band filter is that a continuous separation of the protein paste and whey may be achieved.
In a preferred embodiment, the membrane band filter is provided at an angle to a substantially horizontal reference line, preferably a line on a ground surface, wherein said angle is between 1° and 45°.
It is noted that the horizontal reference line is understood to also encompass a horizontal surface or a horizontal plane. Providing the membrane band filter at an angle enables the whey and/or (unseparated) leave juice to flow at least partially downward and therefore dilute the provided leave juice. Furthermore, it was found that providing the membrane band filter at an angle enables an evenly distribution of the protein paste over the membrane band filter.
In an embodiment, the band input position, when viewed in a direction substantially vertically upward from the horizontal reference line, is positioned at a lower position than the band output position.
In this embodiment, the leave juice is provided to the lowest point of the band membrane filter. It is noted that the lowest part of the band membrane filter (endless membrane filter) refers to the input position, which is (when viewed in an upward or vertical direction) positioned at a lower point to the output position of the band membrane filter. This means that the leave juice, during transportation in a transport direction is transported in an upward direction. This enables the whey and/or (unseparated) leave juice to flow at least partially downward, which improves separation.
The use of the electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the invention to perform the method according to the invention provides similar effects and advantages as those described for the method and electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice (and other juices).
The obtained coagulated proteins may be used as food-grade proteins. For example, the coagulated may be used for meat replacements, food additives, food supplements, and the like.
Furthermore, the cluster of coagulated proteins comprises coagulated proteins forming a valuable composition. Therefore, the method according to the invention and/or the electrocoagulation device according to the invention provide a valuable composition.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention are elucidated on the basis of preferred embodiments thereof, wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 shows a schematic overview of an example of the method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the present invention;
- Figure 2A shows an example of an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice comprising one electrode;
- Figure 2B shows an example of an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice comprising two electrodes; and
- Figure 2C shows an example of a continuous flow electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice comprising two electrodes.
Method 10 (Figure 1) shows an example of the method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to the present invention follows a sequence of different steps. In the illustrated example method 10 start with step 12 of providing a device for electrocoagulation. The device for electrocoagulation comprises a reactor, at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor, and a current and/or voltage source. The reactor may be an electrode, preferably wherein the inner wall of the reactor is the electrode. Step 12 is followed by step 14 of providing leaf juice to the reactor. The leaf juice comprises proteins which may be harvested by the method according to the invention and further described by the illustrated example of method 10.
Step 14 of the illustrated example of method 10 is followed by step 18 of providing an electric potential difference to the electrodes. In an alternative embodiment step 16 of adding solvent and/or additive to the leaf juice is performed before step 18.
Step 18 of the illustrated example of method 10 is followed by step 20 of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins. Preferably, the coagulation is performed near or at the positive electrode. Furthermore, step 20 is followed by step 22 of separating the cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution. This step provides the cluster of coagulated proteins comprising coagulated proteins and a rest solution as separate streams.
In an alternative embodiment, step 18 and/or step 20 of the illustrated example of method 10 are followed by one ore more of step 24 of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of a suitable acid, and/or step 26 of acidifying the leaf juice by addition of lactic acid bacteria, and/or step 28 of heating the leaf juice during the coagulation, and/or step 30 of adding salt to the leaf juice to increase the ionisation degree of the leaf juice, and/or step 32 of adding flocculants to the leaf juice.
Electrocoagulation device 40 (Figure 2A) comprises reactor 42, which is configured for holding leaf juice 44, and is provided with inlet 46, and outlet 48. Reactor 42 may be filled via inlet 46 and emptied via outlet 48. This enables a batch and also a continuous operation of reactor 42.
Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises electrode 50 and current and/or voltage source 52. Current and/or voltage source 52 may provide an electric potential difference to electrode 50. Reactor 42 of electrocoagulation device 40 is the second electrode, preferably the inner wall (not shown) of reactor 42 is the second electrode and complements the electric circuit. The combination of reactor 42 and electrode 50 enable electrocoagulation of leaf juice 44.
Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises one or more of filter 54a, sedimentation tank 54b, precipitation tank 54c, centrifuge 54d.
It will be understood that other configuration for device 40 can also be envisaged in accordance to the invention. For example, locations of inlet and outlet may be switched.
Electrocoagulation device 41 (Figure 2B) comprises reactor 42, which is configured for holding leaf juice 44, inlet 46, and outlet 48. Reactor 42 may be filled via inlet 46 and emptied via outlet 48. This enables a batch and also a continuous operation of reactor 42. Electrocoagulation device 41 further comprises electrodes 50 and 51, and current and/or voltage source 52. Current and/or voltage source 52 may provide an electric potential difference to electrodes 50 and 51. The combination of electrode 50 and electrode 51 enable electrocoagulation of leaf juice 44.
Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises one or more of filter 54a, sedimentation tank 54b, precipitation tank 54c, centrifuge 54d.
Continuous flow electrocoagulation device 56 (Figure 2C) comprises inlet 46, outlet 48, reactor 42, which is configured for holding and/or flowing leaf juice 44, and electrodes 50. Reactor 42 is configured to be a tube, wherein reactor 42 of Continuous flow electrocoagulation device 56 is the second electrode, preferably the inner wall (not shown) of reactor 42 is the second electrode and complements the electric circuit.
Continuous flow electrocoagulation device 56 further comprises and current and/or voltage source 52. Current and/or voltage source 52 may provide an electric potential difference to electrode 50 and reactor 42. To isolate electrode 50 and reactor 42 from each other, reactor 42 comprises isolator 58 which is configured to prevent direct electric connection between electrode 50 and reactor 42. It will be understood that direct electric connection relates to an electric connection wherein there is no or limited resistance between electrode 50 and reactor 42.
The combination of electrode 50 and reactor 42 enable electrocoagulation of leaf juice 44.
Electrocoagulation device 40 further comprises one or more of filter 54a, sedimentation tank 54b, precipitation tank 54c, centrifuge 54d.
The present invention is by no means limited to the above described preferred embodiments and/or experiments thereof. The rights sought are defined by the following claims within the scope of which many modifications can be envisaged.

Claims

1. Method for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a device for electrocoagulation, the device comprising:
- a reactor;
- at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor; and
- a current and/or voltage source;
- providing leaf juice to the reactor;
- providing an electric potential difference to the electrodes;
- coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins; and
- separating the cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the leaf juice is a leaf juice from green leaves, preferably wherein the leaf juice is grass juice.
3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more of the at least one electrode is an inert electrode.
4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more of the at least one electrode is a carbon electrode.
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is performed in a continuous process.
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature during the step of coagulating the leaf juice forming a cluster of coagulated proteins is in the range of 10 °C to 45 °C, preferably in the range of 15 °C to 30 °C.
7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of adding solvent, wherein the solvent is one or more selected from the group of: water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethanol.
8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the leaf juice is a foodgrade leaf juice.
9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the step of separating a cluster of coagulated proteins and a rest solution comprises one or more of the steps of filtering, sedimentation, precipitating, centrifuging.
10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more of the steps:
- acidifying the leaf juice by addition of a suitable acid;
- acidifying the leaf juice by addition of lactic acid bacteria;
- heating the leaf juice during the coagulation;
- adding salt to the leaf juice to increase the ionisation degree of the leaf juice;
- adding flocculants to the leaf juice.
11. Electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice, comprising:
- a reactor;
- at least one electrode which is operatively coupled with the reactor; and
- a current and/or voltage source, wherein the electrocoagulation device is configured for performing the method according to any one of the preceding claims.
12. Electrocoagulation device according to claim 11, wherein the at least one electrode is an inert electrode.
13. Electrocoagulation device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the at least one electrode is a carbon electrode.
14. Electrocoagulation device according to claim 11, 12, or 13, wherein the at least one electrode is a plate, preferably wherein the plate is a flat plate.
15. Electrocoagulation device according to any one of the claims 11 to 14, further comprising one or more of a filter, a sedimentation tank, a precipitation tank, a centrifuge.
16. Electrocoagulation device according to claim 15, wherein the filter is a band filter.
17. Use of an electrocoagulation device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice according to any one of the claims 11 to 16 to perform the method according to any one of the claims 1 to 10.
EP21811152.4A 2020-09-23 2021-09-23 Method, electrocoagulation device, and use of said device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice Pending EP4216725A1 (en)

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PCT/NL2021/050574 WO2022066010A1 (en) 2020-09-23 2021-09-23 Method, electrocoagulation device, and use of said device for electrocoagulation of proteins from leaf juice

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US2232052A (en) * 1938-06-04 1941-02-18 Curtiss Candy Company Process of manufacturing albuminlike substance from protein rich vegetable material
RU2035174C1 (en) * 1992-12-29 1995-05-20 Ассоциация делового сотрудничества "Росинтранс" Method for production of food protein from green vegetable mass
CN100588715C (en) * 2006-12-06 2010-02-10 深圳市儿童医院 Carbohydrate
CN101838610A (en) * 2010-03-19 2010-09-22 南方医科大学珠江医院 Bioreactor and control system and method thereof
WO2012006742A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Justbio Inc. Extraction method for providing an organic certifiable stevia rebaudiana extract
PL2844076T3 (en) * 2012-05-02 2016-11-30 Method for obtaining plant proteins
US20190135671A1 (en) * 2017-10-24 2019-05-09 Cerahelix, Inc. Systems and Methods for Multi-Stage Fluid Separation

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