EP4214175A1 - A particulate infill material - Google Patents

A particulate infill material

Info

Publication number
EP4214175A1
EP4214175A1 EP21778352.1A EP21778352A EP4214175A1 EP 4214175 A1 EP4214175 A1 EP 4214175A1 EP 21778352 A EP21778352 A EP 21778352A EP 4214175 A1 EP4214175 A1 EP 4214175A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bio
coating layer
infill material
artificial turf
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21778352.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anders West JENSEN
Birgitte Hillerup GRAVESEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covia Europe Aps
Original Assignee
Covia Europe Aps
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Covia Europe Aps filed Critical Covia Europe Aps
Publication of EP4214175A1 publication Critical patent/EP4214175A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/12Multiple coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/123Multiple coatings, for one of the coatings of which at least one alternative is described
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/12Multiple coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/126Multiple coatings, comprising a coating layer of the same material as a previous coating layer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/60Flooring materials

Definitions

  • a PARTICULATE INFILL MATERIAL FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a particulate infill material for artificial turfs, wherein said particulate infill material comprises a plurality of coated particles. Furthermore, a method for producing the particulate infill material and the use of the particulate infill material are disclosed. Also, an artificial turf comprising above mentioned particulate infill material and a method for forming the artificial turf is disclosed. BACKGROUND
  • the most used infill material for artificial turfs are the rubber based infills such as rubber granulates, or rubber crumb made from recycled tires. The use of rubber infill disadvantageously causes leaching of metals, especially zinc, into soil and groundwater.
  • the rubber infill permits easy spreading or migration of rubber infill around the artificial turf, leading to contamination of the surrounding soil with microplastic.
  • the content of toxic chemicals in the rubber infill may cause health issues such as the users of the artificial turf being exposed to for example carcinogenic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) infill materials can be used. They do not cause any leaching of metals, however, due to migration outside the artificial turf, hence, also for these types of infill materials there is a high risk of infill material ending up in nature as microplastic.
  • organic infill materials are available, such as cork, wood fibers, sugarcane granules, rice husks, walnut shells and coconut fibers.
  • the present invention relates to a particulate infill material for artificial turfs, wherein said particulate infill material comprises a plurality of coated particles each including a particle core and a first bio-coating layer, wherein said particle core has a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core and wherein said bio-coating is biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • An advantage of using a particle core of high mineral content may be that the bio- coating layer interacts more properly with the surface of the mineral core, thereby improving the durability of the particulate infill, such as by reducing the amount of coating breaking of the surface of the particle core. Also, the high mineral content of the particle core may diminish the presence of microorganisms in the particle core, and thereby diminish any unintended biodegradation of the bio-coating layer, such as biodegradation during storage of the infill material.
  • an advantage of the present invention may be that a bio-coating layer being biodegradable or being biodegradable and bio-based can be applied to a particle core having a high mineral content and still obtain a particulate infill material having desirable properties for use on an artificial turf, such as a suitable durability and performance properties. Furthermore, by using a particle core with high mineral content, the risk of introducing unwanted microorganism into the production facility of the infill material is diminished.
  • a further advantage of using a particle core having a high mineral content according to the invention may be that a first bio-coating layer being biodegradable and/or bio- based can be applied, whereby a more environmentally friendly material is obtained.
  • a particle core having a high mineral content provides the infill material with a high crush resistance.
  • the first bio-coating layer may further increase the crush resistance of the particulate infill material.
  • a further advantage of the invention may be that the particulate infill material has a suitable crush resistance.
  • the particle core has a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core, such as higher than 97% by weight of the particle core, such as higher than 98% by weight of the particle core, such as higher than 99% by weight of the particle core.
  • a particle core according to the invention is a single particle, such as a mineral grain, such as a sand grain, such as a silica sand grain.
  • bio-coating refers to a coating being biodegradable and/or bio- based.
  • bio-coating refers to a biodegradable coating.
  • bio-coating refers to a bio-based coating.
  • bio- coating refers to a biodegradable and bio-based coating.
  • the bio-coating may advantageously be bio-based, whereby a more environmentally friendly material may be obtained.
  • bio-based refers to materials where at least at portion of the material is obtained from renewable sources, such as biological materials and/or biological processes, such as microbial synthesis.
  • the bio-based portion can be quantified as the bio-based carbon content, which is measured using the radiocarbon method according to standards ASTM D6866 and/or EN 16640, i.e. measuring the carbon C14 isotope.
  • a further advantage of a bio-based coating is that the coating material of the infill material may be recycled if being bio-based. In fact, the whole infill material i.e. particle core and bio-based coating material, may be recycled.
  • Biodegradation is a chemical process during which microorganisms that are available in the environment convert materials into simpler products, which upon complete or ultimate biodegradation ends up being mineralized into carbon dioxide, water, mineral salts and biomass.
  • the bio-coating is biodegradable into natural substances.
  • biodegradable coating here means that the coating layer is capable of being broken down into simpler products, by microbial action.
  • the process of biodegradation depends on a range of parameters, such as the surrounding environmental conditions for example location, temperature, water/rain. It also depends on the material to be biodegraded and not least on the application.
  • Infill material may end up outside the artificial turf.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that any particulate infill material being biodegradable and ending up in the surrounding environment will biodegrade over time. The degradation time will depend on where artificial turf is installed. High temperatures could increase degradation rate. Also, humidity could increase the degradation rate. Furthermore, the availability of microorganism could influence the degradation rate. In an embodiment of the invention, infill material ending up outside the artificial turf could be 50% biodegraded after 10 years.
  • the infill material ending up outside the artificial turf could be 50% biodegraded in less than 10 years, such as less than 8 years, such as less than 6 years, such as less than 5 years.
  • the biodegradability of the infill material and the durability of the infill material should ideally have a desirable balance.
  • a further advantage of the invention may be that the bio-coating layer provides the infill material with a more smooth surface. This could advantageously diminish microbial adherence to and microbial deterioration of the particle core, possible increasing the lifetime and durability of the particulate infill material.
  • a further advantage of an infill material comprising coated particles is that it may limit the abrasive wear on surrounding materials of for example an artificial turf, in which the particulate infill material may be placed. Moreover, the particulate infill material may also provide an artificial turf using the particulate infill material with a gentler surface that inflicts less damage to say a person who connects with the particular infill material, for example during a fall.
  • a further advantage of using a bio-coating layer may be that the coating layer is non- toxic. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is bio-based and free of components being toxic to say person connecting with the particular infill material.
  • the bio-coating is bio-based and free of components being toxic to both the environment and say person connecting with the particular infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable and free of components being toxic to say person connecting with the particular infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable into non-toxic substances. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable and free of components being toxic to both the environment and say person connecting with the particular infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable and bio-based and free of components being toxic to both the environment and say person connecting with the particular infill material.
  • the use of a bio-coating advantageously provides a particulate infill material that does not leach any metals and/or toxic components into the environment.
  • the water-content of the particulate infill material is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material.
  • the water-content of the particulate infill material is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, such as below 3% by weight of the particulate infill material, such as below 2% by weight of the particulate infill material, such as below 1% by weight of the particulate infill material. If the water content is too high the particulate infill material is susceptible for microbial growth and biodegradation.
  • the water content of the particulate infill material should have a low water content, such as below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material in order to diminish any biodegradation of the product prior to use, such as during storage. Also, it is preferred that the water content of the particulate infill material should have a low water content, such as below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material in order to diminish any microbial growth within the product prior to use, such as during storage.
  • the particulate infill material of the invention could advantageously be stored under conditions where biodegradation is diminished in order to secure a high quality of the product. Such conditions could for example be conditions where the particulate infill material is shielded from sun and rain.
  • the water content referring to is the water content of the particulate infill material prior to distribution on an artificial turf.
  • the water content referred to is the water content of the particulate in fill prior to any exposure to for example rain.
  • the water content may be determined by measuring weight loss upon drying, i.e. a sample of particulate infill material is weighed, whereafter it is subjected to drying at 100 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. The sample is weighed and the drying procedure is repeated until no further weight loss is measured. The total weight loss is used as a number for the water content of the particulate infill material.
  • the particulate infill material has a bulk density higher than 1.0 ton/m 3 .
  • the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.0 and 2.0 ton/m 3 . In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.0 and 1.5 ton/m 3 . In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.2 and 2.0 ton/m 3 . In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.2 and 1.7 ton/m 3 .
  • An advantage of the above embodiment is that the particulate infill material has improved migration properties compared to infill with lower bulk densities.
  • the particulate infill material of the invention has a lower tendency to migrate than lighter infill material, i.e.
  • the particulate infill material of the invention has a lower degree of migration than lighter infill material.
  • migration is understood that the infill material is moved from an area to another, such as from an area within the artificial turf to another area within the artificial turf, or from an area of the artificial turf to an area outside the artificial turf.
  • a high degree of migration can cause unintended both accumulation and/or loss of infill material locally in the artificial turf, as well as overall loss of infill material from the whole artificial turf.
  • Loss of infill, whether locally in the turf or across the whole turf deteriorates the intended properties of the artificial turf, ultimately rendering the turf useless for its intended purpose, such as sport activities.
  • Migration can be caused by for example weather conditions such as wind and rain.
  • An artificial turf comprising the particulate infill material of the invention may advantageously require less maintenance due to the lower migration. Also, the need for adding supplementing particulate infill material to the artificial turf, also referred to as topping off the artificial turf, may be lower due to the diminished loss.
  • Artificial turfs often comprise a base-mat with straw means pointing vertically, a ballast infill layer and a performance infill layer. The ballast infill layer is positioned on top of the base-mat and the performance infill layer is positioned on top of the ballast infill layer. The ballast infill layer prevents the base-mat from moving and supports the straw means.
  • the performance infill layer may also support the straw means, keeping them standing upright, while in addition, providing the artificial turf with desirable properties for the intended use of the artificial turf and for the users of the artificial turf, i.e. performance characteristic such as shock absorption, ball bounce etc.
  • the particulate infill material according to the invention having a bulk density between 1.0 and 2.0 ton/m 3 may be used in ballast infill layer and/or in performance infill layer.
  • the particulate infill material according to the invention having a bulk density between 1.0 and 2.0 ton/m 3 may be used as both ballast infill layer and performance infill layer, thereby simplifying the construction of the artificial turf.
  • the coated particles have a subangular or rounded shape.
  • An advantage of using coated particles having a subangular or rounded shape may be that the coated particles provides suitable drainage properties to the artificial turf.
  • the coated particles according to the above embodiment may advantageously have a lower tendency to compact over time, and hence require less maintenance.
  • coated particles having a subangular or rounded shape may be less abrasive to the surrounding and users of the artificial turf where the infill is used.
  • the coated particles have a particle size below 5.0 mm. The straw means arranged on the base-mat of an artificial turf are placed with a certain distance.
  • the particulate infill material will be able to partially submerge the straw means arranged on the base-mat of the artificial turf.
  • a particle size higher than 5 mm will have the effect that the infill cannot be placed between the straw means on the base-mat of the artificial turf.
  • the coated particles have an average particle size between 0.5 and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles have an average particle size between 0.6 and 1.7 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles have an average particle size between 0.8 and 1.2 mm. It is understood that the particle size ranges disclosed here, refer to particle size ranges determined using sieve analysis.
  • coated particles having particle size below 5 mm are coated particles being able to pass through a sieve having an opening size of 5 mm.
  • Coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm refers the coated particles being able to pass through a sieve having an opening size of 2 mm but not able to pass through a sieve having an opening size of 0.5 mm.
  • the particulate infill material comprises less than 10% by weight of coated particles having a particle size below 0.5 mm.
  • One advantage of the above embodiment may be providing a dust reduced product or even a dust free product. Hence, the particulate infill material does not cause dust formation and hence potential respiratory irritation.
  • the particulate infill material comprises more than 50% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises more than 60% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises more than 70% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises more than 80% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm.
  • the particle core is selected from the group consisting of mineral grains and sands.
  • the particle core material is advantageously a natural product, which may be readily available and relative cost effective to use.
  • a further advantage of using mineral grains or sands as the particle core of the invention is that these core materials has a desirable density for obtaining a particulate infill material having suitable densities for use as an infill material in artificial turfs. Furthermore, the use of a particle core material composed of mineral grains or sands provides a particulate infill material having less tendency to migrate. Also advantageously, the use of mineral grains or sands do not constitute an environmental risk relating to migration of infill from the artificial turf to the surrounding environment. Also, the particle core material of the invention has a desirable crush resistance for making a particulate infill material for artificial turfs, a crush resistance which advantageously is improved by adding a coat to the particle core.
  • an advantage of using a particle core material having a high mineral content is, that the inventive infill material may be recycled.
  • the inventive infill material may after a period of use be collected and reprocessed, such as by adding or supplementing coating material, to achieve infill material, which can then be re-used.
  • used infill material may be collected and any remaining coating material may be removed from then core, heating and melting of the coating(s) or by degradation of the coating(s), such as chemical or microbial degradation, in order to achieve core material to be recycled.
  • coated sand has an increased crush resistance compared to uncoated sand.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the particulate infill material has a suitable crush resistance.
  • the particle core is sand. In an embodiment of the invention, the particle core is silica sand. In an embodiment of the invention, the particle core has a particle size below 5 mm.
  • the particle size and the particle size distribution of the particle core material may advantageously reflect the desired particle size of the coated particles of the particulate infill material in order to reduce production waste, such as production of coated particles larger than 5 mm.
  • the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 0.5% by weight of the particle core. It is understood that a coating layer according to the invention is a layer spread over the surface of a particle surface. The layer may be a somewhat coherent layer, or it may be a more web-like structure.
  • the first bio-coating layer of the invention is spread over the surface of the particle core.
  • the inventive infill material comprises a plurality of coated particles, each particle comprising a particle core and a first bio- coating, i.e. the infill material comprises a plurality of individually coated particles, i.e. a loose particular material.
  • An advantage of using individually coated particles may be that less coating material may be used in comparison to granular infill materials, where a significant higher weight percentage of coating material relative to core material is applied.
  • the first coating layer may be quantified as to constitute a certain weight percentage of the particle core. Hence, the quantification will be an average as the weight percent will be calculated based on the amount of added coating material relative to the amount of added particle core material.
  • a plurality of coated particles is made from 1 kg of coating material and 100 kg of particle core material, whereby the coating layer constitutes on average 1% by weight of the of the core particle.
  • the amount of coating layer may alternatively be experimentally determined using loss on ignition. Loss On Ignition (LOI) is measured by heating up a sample and burning off all organic materials. The weight of the sample is determined before- and after the treatment. The weight difference in percent, represents the LOI number i.e. the amount of bio-coating layer(s).
  • the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 1% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the invention advantageously enables a relative low content of bio-coating layer, while still obtaining a desirable particulate infill material having desirable durability and performance properties.
  • the low content of bio-coating layer may advantageously represent a cost-effective solution.
  • the low content of bio-coating layer may advantageously represent a environmentally friendly solution as less polymeric material is used.
  • the first bio-coating layer covers at least 10% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer covers at least 20% of the particle surface, such as at least 30% of the particle surface, such as at least 40% of the particle surface, such as at least 50% of the particle surface, such as at least 60% of the particle surface, such as at least 70% of the particle surface, such as at least 80% of the particle surface, such as at least 90% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio- based and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the bio-coating layer may provide the particulate infill material with a more smooth and/or less abrasive surface, which potentially could provide the particulate infill material with a desirable duration and user experience.
  • the bio- coating layer may increase the crush resistance of the particulate infill material.
  • coating degree is the percentage of surface area, which is covered by the coating layer. It is understood that particle surface may refer to any surface of a particle, whether coated or not. Thus, particle surface may for example refer to the surface of a particle core of a coated particle or to the surface of a coated particle. Particle surface may further refer to the outer surface of a coated particle that is coated with more than a single coating layer.
  • the coating degree may be visually estimated using a microscope. A set of samples represented the production batch investigated. The samples are inspected under microscope and scored with a coating degree, such as 10%, 20% etc. The average coating degree of each sample is used to quantify the coating degree of the batch investigated, i.e. to calculate the average coating degree of the sample set.
  • the first bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio- based and covers 100% of the particle surface. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. Homogeneity may be visually inspected using a microscope. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • an advantage of the above embodiment may be that a lower amount of bio-coating material may be used as long as the bio-coating material is homogenously distributed over the coated particle surface and still obtain desirable properties such as a desirable duration, desirable user experience and/or increased . crush resistance of the particulate infill material.
  • This could for example be a web-like coating homogenously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the softening temperature of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the coating layer may advantageously be higher than 60 degrees Celsius in order for the particulate infill material to be useful in warm areas, such as areas where the temperature may be 40 degrees Celsius or even higher.
  • the softening temperature of the coating layer is measured using differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-3:2018 using differential scanning calorimetry.
  • the softening temperature of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
  • one or more bio-coating layer(s) may biodegrade at a substantially faster rate at temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius, such as above 50 degrees Celsius, such as above 60 degrees Celsius, such as above 70 degrees Celsius, such as above 80 degrees Celsius or even higher.
  • An advantage of the above embodiment may be that the bio-coating layer(s) may have improved durability at temperatures occurring in natural environment, ultimately extending the lifetime of the particulate infill material.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises at least a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises at least a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) used may vary depending on the application of the particulate infill material.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable.
  • the first bio-coating layer consist of a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is bio-based.
  • the first bio-coating layer consist of a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is bio-based.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable and bio-based.
  • Biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers may advantageously be mixed/blended in order to obtain a particulate infill material having desirable properties for its application.
  • a mix/blend of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers could be used to modulate for example water absorption of the particulate infill material.
  • a low water absorption could be a desirable property if the infill of the invention is to be used in areas where temperatures often are below 0 degrees Celsius. Having a too high water absorption may cause the infill to be damaged due to freezing.
  • high water absorption could be attractive in very warm areas, where water absorption could provide a way of cooling the infill material.
  • Another desirable property could be crush resistance.
  • the bio-coating should provide sufficient strength for the particulate infill material to be used for its intended purpose. Furthermore, it may be possible to modulate the adherence of the bio-coating to the particle core by using preferred biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises two biodegradable polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of two biodegradable polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises two bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of two bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises two biodegradable and bio-based polymers.
  • the first bio-coating layer consist of two biodegradable and bio-based polymers.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the advantageous low amount of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymeric material used in the particulate infill material may provide a cost-effective solution compared to infill materials where polymeric material constitutes the majority of the infill material, i.e. infills where polymeric material is the major component.
  • the advantageous low amount of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymeric material used in the particulate infill material may provide for a more environmental friendly production.
  • the amount of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) may be quantified as to constitute a certain weight percentage of the particle core. Hence, the quantification will be an average as the weight percent will be calculated based on the amount of added polymer(s) relative to the amount of added particle core material.
  • a plurality of coated particles is made from 1 kg of first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer and 100 kg of particle core material, whereby the biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average 1% by weight of the of the core particle.
  • a plurality of coated particles is made from 200 of first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer, 800 g of second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers and 100 kg of particle core material whereby the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the first bio-coating layer constitute on average 1% by weight of the of the core particle.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable polymer(s), the biodegradable polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises bio-based polymer(s), the bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s), the biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable polymer
  • the first biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first bio- based polymer
  • the first bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable and bio-based polymer
  • the first biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable polymer
  • the second biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a second bio- based polymer
  • the second bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer
  • the second biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable polymer
  • the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second bio-based polymer
  • the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer
  • the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • a possible third, fourth, fifth etc. biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer may likewise constitute on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the coating layer may advantageously be higher than 60 degrees Celsius in order for the particulate infill material to be useful in warm areas, such as areas where the temperature may be 40 degrees Celsius or even higher. If the softening temperature of polymer of the coating is too low, the particulate infill material could become sticky and may start to agglomerate into larger particles.
  • the softening temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer is the measured using differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-3:2018, using differential scanning calorimetry.
  • the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius. According to an embodiment of the invention, the melt flow index of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
  • the melt flow index of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
  • the melt flow index of a third, fourth, fifth etc. biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
  • the melt flow index of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) should advantageously be between 1 g/10 min (190 degrees Celsius / 2.16 g) and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg) in order to obtain a particulate infill material according to the invention.
  • the melt index should be high enough to enable coating of particle core, but still low enough to ensure a certain strength of the final particulate material.
  • the melt flow index of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer may be measured in accordance with ISO standard 1133-1:2011.
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PDA polylactic acid
  • PBAT
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), cellulose, starch or combination or modifications thereof.
  • biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), cellulose, starch or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the coated particle comprises one coating layer, i.e. the first coating layer, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the use one or more biodegradable polymer(s) in a bio-coating layer may advantageously provide a particulate infill material having a desirable strength, while also being biodegradable.
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-diox
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the coated particle comprises one coating layer, i.e. the first coating layer, wherein the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio- based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PVA polylactic acid
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the coated particle comprises one coating layer, i.e.
  • the first coating layer wherein the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the polymer used may vary depending on the application of the particulate infill material.
  • a combination of polymers is a covalent combination of polymers, i.e. the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers are covalently attached, i.e. such as copolymers.
  • modifications of a polymer are changes made to that particular polymer such as a crosslinking, charge modification etc.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer is at least partially crosslinked.
  • the first polymer of the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-di
  • the first polymer of the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-l
  • the first polymer of the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate]
  • PB poly[g
  • the second polymer of the first bio- coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PDA polylactic acid
  • PBAT polybutylene adip
  • the second polymer of the first bio- coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lact
  • the second polymer of the first bio- coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate]
  • PBS poly[glycoli
  • the coated particles comprise at least a second bio-coating layer, wherein the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable.
  • the second bio-coating layer is bio-based.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based.
  • the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 0.5% by weight of the particle core. It is understood that a coating layer according to the invention is a layer spread over the surface of a particle. The layer may be a somewhat coherent layer, or it may be a more web-like structure.
  • the second bio-coating layer of the invention is layer spread over the surface of the particle coated with a first bio-coating layer.
  • the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 1% by weight of the particle core, such as at least 2% by weight of the particle core, such as at least 5% by weight of the particle core, such as at least 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer covers at least 10% of the particle surface, such as at least 20% of the particle surface, such as at least 30% of the particle surface, such as at least 40% of the particle surface, such as at least 50% of the particle surface, such as at least 60% of the particle surface, such as at least 70% of the particle surface, such as at least 80% of the particle surface, such as at least 90% of the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer may provide the particulate infill material with a less abrasive and/or more smooth surface, which potentially could provide the particulate infill material with a desirable duration and user experience. Also, the second bio-coating layer may increase the crush resistance of the particulate infill material.
  • the second bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers 100% of the particle surface. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle surface, such as less than 40% of the particle surface, such as less than 20% of the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle surface, such as less than 80% of the particle surface, such as less than 60% of the particle surface, such as less than 40% of the particle surface, such as less than 20% of the particle surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface.
  • An advantage of the above embodiments may be that a lower amount of bio-coating material may be used as long as the bio-coating material is homogenously distributed over the coated particle surface and still obtain desirable properties such as a desirable duration, desirable user experience and/or increased crush resistance of the particulate infill material. This could for example be a web-like coating homogenously distributed over the particle surface.
  • the softening temperature of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the second bio-coating layer.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a softening point between 60 and 150 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e.
  • the coating layer closest to the particle core has/have a softening point between 150 and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a softening point between 60 and 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a softening point between 60 and 80 degrees Celsius
  • the second bio-coating layer comprise at least a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer used may vary depending on the application of the particulate infill material.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises at least a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer comprise two biodegradable polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer consist of a first and second biodegradable polymer. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer comprises two bio- based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer consist of two bio- based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer comprises two biodegradable and bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer consist of two biodegradable and bio-based polymers.
  • the second or first bio-coating layer(s) may comprise three or more biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers.
  • An embodiment according to the invention comprises three bio-coating layers.
  • a further embodiment according to the invention may comprise four or more bio- coating layers.
  • the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the advantageous low amount of polymeric material used in the particulate infill material may provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution compared to infill materials where polymeric material constitutes the majority of the infill material, i.e. infills where polymeric material is the major component.
  • the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable polymer(s), the biodegradable polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises bio-based polymer(s), the bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s), the biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable polymer
  • the first biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a first bio- based polymer
  • the first bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable and bio-based polymer
  • the first biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable layer comprise at least a second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable polymer, the second biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a second bio-based polymer
  • the second bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer
  • the second biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the second bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second bio-based polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer
  • the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
  • a possible third, fourth, fifth etc. biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer may likewise constitute on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core.
  • the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius.
  • the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the second bio-coating layer.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a softening point between 60 and 150 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e.
  • the coating layer closest to the particle core has/have a softening point between 150 and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second biocoating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a softening point between 60 and 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a softening point between 60 and 80 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e.
  • the coating layer closest to the particle core has/have a softening point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the second coating.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • a biodegradable polymer within the first bio-coating layer may have a melting point greater than about 150 degree Celsius and a biodegradable polymer within the second bio-coating layer a melting point of about 110 degree Celsius.
  • the difference in melting points between the polymer(s) within the first and second bio-coating layer is at least 5 degree Celsius, such as 10 degree Celsius, such as 15 degree Celsius, such as at least 20 degree Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e.
  • the coating layer closest to the particle core has/have a melting point between 150 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating has/have a melting point between 80 degrees Celsius and 130 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second coating has/have a melting point between 70 degrees Celsius and 110 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a melting point between 100 degrees Celsius and 180 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core
  • the coating layer closest to the particle core has/have a melting point between 200 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating has/have a melting point between 100 degrees Celsius and 180 degrees Celsius.
  • the melt flow index of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
  • the melt flow index of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
  • biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO),
  • PLA polylactic
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polyhydroxyalkanoates
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lactide]
  • PLLA poly [DL-
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), starch, or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PHA polyhydroxyalkanoates
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • the first polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PPA polylactic acid
  • PBAT polybutylene adip
  • the first polymer of the second bio- coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lact
  • the first polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate]
  • PBS poly[glycoli
  • the second polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PDA polylactic acid
  • PBAT polybutylene adip
  • the second polymer of the second bio- coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lact
  • the second polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate]
  • PBS poly[glycoli
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating and the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are biodegradable. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating and the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are bio-based. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating and the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are biodegradable and bio-based.
  • Bio-based polymers may be derived from renewable resources, such as biomass. Bio- based polymers may be naturally produced polymers, such as polymers synthesized by living organism.
  • bio-based polymers may be based on monomers derived from renewable resources, which upon chemical processing may be polymerized.
  • the bio-coating layer(s) has/have a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%.
  • the bio-coating layer(s) has/have a bio-based carbon content of 100%.
  • the first bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%.
  • the first bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%.
  • the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%.
  • the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%.
  • the polymer(s) has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%.
  • the polymer(s) has a bio-based carbon content of 100%.
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%.
  • bio-based carbon content is measured using the radiocarbon method according to standards ASTM D6866 and/or EN 16640, i.e. measuring the carbon C14 isotope.
  • the density of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers described herein may in some embodiments be from 0.70 to 2.00 g/cm 3 in some embodiments.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers described may be synthetically manufactured and/or obtained and/or derived from nature.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) is/are a copolymer.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are a copolymer.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer is/are a copolymer.
  • the polymer(s) is/are biodegradable and bio-based.
  • the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are biodegradable and bio-based.
  • the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer is/are biodegradable and bio-based.
  • the bio-coating layer(s) is/are substantially free of petroleum-based polymers.
  • the particulate infill material of the invention may advantageously have a lower environmental impact and further do not contribute to the fossil depletion problem.
  • the coated particles comprise an outer protective layer.
  • the outer protective layer may protect the coated particles from UV light, water, abrasion etc.
  • the outer protective layer may comprise pigments or colorants, whereby a particulate infill material having a desired color may be obtained.
  • an outer protective layer if present, refers to the outermost layer of the coated particles of the particulate infill material.
  • the outer protective layer is hydrophobic.
  • a hydrophobic outer protective layer may advantageously reduce water absorption by the particulate infill material.
  • a hydrophobic outer surface may reduce microbial growth on the surface of the particulate infill material.
  • an outer protective layer might improve the durability of the particulate infill material.
  • the outer protective layer is homogenously distributed over the bio-coating layer of the coated particle.
  • the outer protective layer may comprise one or more biodegradable polymers.
  • the protective layer is bio-based.
  • the protective layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the protective layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%.
  • the outer protective layer may be a wax layer.
  • the coated particles further comprise one or more additives. As understood here, an additive is an ingredient which may be added in small quantities in order to improve or preserve the coated particles.
  • the first bio-coating comprises additive in an amount of less than 10% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 8% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 6% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 4% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 2% by weight of the first coating.
  • the second bio-coating comprises additive in an amount of less than 10% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 8% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 6% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 4% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 2% by weight of the second coating.
  • the coated particles are free of additive.
  • the coated particles comprise additive in an amount of less than 1% by weight of the core particle.
  • the coated particles comprise additive, wherein the additive is bio-based.
  • the coated particles comprise additive, wherein the additive is biodegradable.
  • the coated particles comprise additive, wherein the additive is biodegradable and bio-based.
  • the additive(s) may be part of the bio-coating layer(s) and/or the protective layer. Thus, the additive(s) are added during any of the coating procedures, i.e. in the step of adding biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s).
  • Non-limiting examples of additives include antioxidants, prooxidants, antimicrobial agents, fungicides, algae inhibitors, dispersants, surfactants, UV absorbers, thermal stabilizers, pigment/colorants, hydrolysis inhibitors, hydrolysis accelerators, fertilizers.
  • the additives are bio-based.
  • the additives are non-toxic.
  • the coated particles further comprise one or more fillers.
  • the first bio-coating comprises filler in an amount of less than 50% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 40% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 30% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 20% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 10% by weight of the first coating.
  • the second bio-coating comprises additive in an amount of less than 50% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 40% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 30% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 20% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 10% by weight of the second coating.
  • the coated particles comprise filler in an amount of less than 10% by weight of the core particle, such as less than 7% by weight of the core particle, such as less than 5% by weight of the core particle, such as less than 3% by weight of the core particle.
  • the coated particles are free of filler.
  • a filler is an ingredient simply used for filling purpose.
  • the filler(s) may be part of the bio-coating layer(s) and/or the protective layer. Thus, the filler(s) are added during any of the coating procedures, i.e. in the step of adding biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s).
  • the coated particles comprise filler, wherein the filler is bio-based.
  • the coated particles comprise filler, wherein the filler is biodegradable.
  • the coated particles comprise filler, wherein the filler is biodegradable and bio-based.
  • fillers include CaCO3, talc, carbon black, biochar.
  • the invention furthermore relates to an artificial turf comprising the particulate infill material according to the invention as infill material.
  • the particulate infill material is used as performance infill layer.
  • An advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as performance infill layer may be that the artificial turf requires less maintenance as the inventive particulate infill material has a lower tendency to migrate.
  • a further advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as performance infill layer may be that less infill material ends up in nature, such as less microplastic ends up in nature, such as no microplastic ends up in nature.
  • the particulate infill material is used as ballast infill layer.
  • an advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as ballast infill layer may be that the artificial turf requires less maintenance as the inventive particulate infill material may have a lower tendency to compact over time and/or during use.
  • a further advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as ballast infill layer may be that less infill material ends up in nature, such as less microplastic ends up in nature, such as no microplastic ends up in nature.
  • the particulate infill material is used as combined performance and ballast infill layer.
  • the particulate infill material according to the invention may advantageously be used as both performance infill layer and ballast infill layer. This may advantageously provide for a simpler and/or more cost-effective method of forming an artificial turf.
  • the biodegradability rate of a biodegradable particulate infill material of the invention may be controlled by external application of degradation inhibitor or degradation accelerator.
  • the durability, lifetime and/or maintenance interval of an artificial turf may advantageously be improved by externally applying a degradation inhibitor.
  • a degradation inhibitor may for example be antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, fungicides, algae inhibitors, UV absorbers, thermal stabilizers, hydrolysis inhibitors.
  • the biodegradation of a biodegradable particulate infill material of the invention may advantageously be accelerated by applying a degradation accelerator to the infill material. It may be relevant to accelerate the biodegradation of the infill material if the artificial turf is to be taken down.
  • a degradation accelerator may for example be prooxidants and hydrolysis accelerators.
  • inventive infill material wherein the bio-coating is bio-based enables recycling of the infill material.
  • the bio-based coating material may be recycled as well as the core material.
  • the invention relates to the use of a particulate infill material according to the invention in artificial turf suitable for sports fields.
  • infill material is usually provided on top of a base mat with straw means attached.
  • a ballast infill layer with a suitable density is placed on top of the base mat, to secure the base mat at its position, for example on the ground or on a surface.
  • ballast infill layer includes for example minerals such as different types of sand. These materials are generally hard and have inherent abrasive properties, and so, the materials tend to wear on the other components of the artificial turf, when used as infill herein. Moreover, the materials may cause undue damage to athletes falling on an artificial turf using such infill material. Therefore, a second layer of softer and much less abrasive infill material, a so-called performance infill, is required on top of the ballast infill layer. As previously described, these traditional infill materials, for example different types of rubber granulate, are often harmful to the environment, and to the health of people who come in close contact with the material.
  • the said materials may mix with the material used as ballast infill layer placed underneath it, and it may easily migrate within and outside the artificial turf, altogether degrading the properties that make the field suitable for sport activities and at the same time causing environmental harm to the natural milieu surrounding the field.
  • An advantage of using the particulate infill material according to the invention as infill in artificial sports fields is that it may be essentially harmless to the environment, and to athletes using the sport fields.
  • a further advantage of using the particulate infill material of the present invention in sports fields is that it may be virtually non-abrasive, causing much less wear on surrounding materials of the artificial turf and providing a much safer artificial sports field for athletes to use.
  • a further advantage of the particulate infill according to the invention is that the density of the particulate infill material is much higher than for example traditional rubber infill materials. This is advantageous in that it may enable the use of the infill material according to the present invention to be used as ballast infill.
  • the infill material of the present invention may be used as both ballast and performance infill layer in artificial turf. This is advantageous, in that it hinders mixing of different infill materials for example during the use of the artificial turf for sports activities. This ensures a consistently high improved user experience across the whole sports field.
  • the invention further relates to a method of producing the particulate infill material according to the invention, the method comprising the steps of providing a portion of particle core material having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight, heating said portion of particulate core material to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 300 degree Celsius, placing said portion of particulate core material in a mixer comprising mixing means, adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymers and optionally additives and fillers to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means. Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means, directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content.
  • the above method may advantageously be used for producing particulate infill material comprising one layer of bio-coating.
  • the particle core material is heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) to be used in the bio-coating.
  • the particulate core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius, such as within the range of 150 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius, such as within the range of 200 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius.
  • the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 200 degrees Celsius to 300 degree Celsius.
  • the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 200 degrees Celsius to 250 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 150 degrees Celsius to 250 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 150 degrees Celsius to 200 degree Celsius. Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the mixture of particle core material and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer, an advantageous rapid cooling may be obtained, whereby the distribution as well as the properties of the coating is secured.
  • the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the temperature is lowered further, such as below the melting point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating, such as below the softening point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating.
  • the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the temperature is lowered further, such as below 80 degrees Celsius, such as below 60 degrees Celsius, so that the coated particles are no longer mutually bonded and a loose, particulate infill material is obtained.
  • the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. If water is applied, the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the temperature is lowered further, such as below 80 degrees Celsius and the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material.
  • directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the temperature is lowered, such as below the melting point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating, such as below the softening point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating. If only airflow is applied, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the temperature is lowered, such as below 80 degrees Celsius, such as below 60 degrees Celsius, so that the coated particles are no longer mutually bonded and a loose, particulate infill material is obtained.
  • directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. If only airflow is applied, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the temperature is lowered, such as below 80 degrees Celsius and the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention the method of the invention further includes a step of passing the particulate infill material through a sieve.
  • the particulate infill material is shielding from biodegradable conditions until used on an artificial turf.
  • the particulate infill material may be shielded from biodegradable conditions in order to ensure a high quality and/or durability of the particulate infill material.
  • shielded from biodegradable conditions means shielded from for example water and rain, heat, microbial contamination.
  • the coating procedure i.e. adding biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer to the mixer and subsequent lowering the temperature of the coated particles to a desired temperature, is repeated prior to proceeding with the temperature lowering step in order to produce particulate infill material comprising at least two bio-coating layers.
  • the method comprises the steps of providing a portion of particle core material having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight, heating said portion of particulate core material to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 300 degree Celsius, placing said portion of particulate core material in a mixer comprising mixing means, adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymer(s) and optionally additives and fillers to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means. Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means, directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content.
  • the temperature of the coated particles are lowered using water and/or airflow until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container is below the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the first bio-coating layer, but still sufficiently above the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer.
  • Adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymer(s) and optionally additives and fillers to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means.
  • Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content.
  • the above embodiment may advantageously be used for producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating.
  • the method of producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating the step of directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material.
  • the method of producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating the method further include a step of passing the particulate infill material through a sieve.
  • the method of producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating, wherein the bio-coating is biodegradable
  • the method further include a step of shielding the particulate infill material from biodegradable conditions until used on an artificial turf.
  • the skilled person would know how to adjust heating temperatures and cooling temperatures within the disclosed methods based on the ingredients, such as the melting points of the biodegradable and /or bio-based polymers.
  • the skilled person would know how to adjust heating temperatures and lower temperatures within the disclosed method based on the melting points of the biodegradable and/or bio- based polymers within each bio-coating layer.
  • the temperature is lowered to 200 degrees Celsius, such as 180 degrees Celsius, such as 160 degrees Celsius, such as 140 degrees Celsius, such as 120 degrees Celsius, such as 100 degrees Celsius, such as 80 degrees Celsius, such as 60 degrees Celsius.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second coating.
  • a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer within the first coating layer may have a melting point greater than about 150 degree Celsius and a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer within the second coating layer a melting point of about 110 degree Celsius.
  • the difference in melting points between the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers within the first and second coating layer is at least 5 degree Celsius, such as 10 degree Celsius, such as 15 degree Celsius, such as at least 20 degree Celsius.
  • the coating procedure i.e.
  • the invention relates to a method for forming an artificial turf, the method comprising the steps of placing a base mat comprising straw means on a surface, placing particulate infill material according to the invention between said straw means. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises a step of maintaining the artificial turf.
  • a step of maintenance may include reprocessing of infill material, such as by collecting used infill material, re-coating the material and redistributing the infill material on the artificial turf.
  • a step of maintenance may include collecting the used infill material, processing the used infill material in order to facilitate recycling of particle core and polymeric coating material for other purposes, redistributing new infill material on the artificial turf.
  • the method further comprises a step of enabling degradation of the bio-coating layer(s) being biodegradable.
  • the degradation of the biodegradable bio-coating layer(s) is enabled by placing the base mat in natural surroundings.
  • the degradation of the biodegradable bio-coating layer(s) is enabled by placing the base mat on an outdoor ground.
  • the degradation of the biodegradable bio-coating layer(s) is enabled by distributing a degradation accelerator over the biodegradable infill material across the area of the artificial turf.
  • enabling degradation refer to the facilitation of biodegradation such as by placing or exposing the artificial turf to natural surroundings and weather conditions, such as by placing the base mat on an outdoor surface, such as by placing the base mat on a non-covered or non-shielded surface.
  • Degradation may further be enabled by external application of a degradation accelerator, such as by distributing a degradation accelerator over the biodegradable infill material across the area of the artificial turf.
  • a degradation accelerator such as by distributing a degradation accelerator over the biodegradable infill material across the area of the artificial turf.
  • An artificial turf installed according to the above method may biodegrade over time.
  • the artificial turf may have a lower impact on the environment.
  • the artificial turf may advantageously not contribute to any contamination of the surrounding environment, such as any contamination with microplastic.
  • the artificial turf may be more easily taken down, as the particulate infill material can be directly recycled and used for other purposes, such as landscaping or as topdressing for natural turfs, for example golf turfs or sports fields including football fields.
  • FIGURE LIST Embodiments of the invention will be described by way of non-limiting examples in the following, with references to the figures, in which: fig 1: illustrates an example of an artificial turf comprising particulate infill material, fig 2 illustrates a further example of an artificial turf comprising particulate infill material, fig 3: illustrates a cross-sectional view of coated particle with one bio-coating layer, fig 4: illustrates a cross-sectional view of a coated particle with two bio-coating layers, and fig 5: illustrates a cross-sectional view of a coated particle with two bio-coating layers and an outer protective layer.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION Fig. 1 shows an example of an artificial turf 1.
  • the artificial turf 1 comprises a base mat 2 with straw means 3 secured to the base mat 2, thereby constituting artificial grass fibers.
  • the base mat 2 with straw means 3 is resting on a ground 4.
  • a particulate infill material 5 of the invention is distributed among the straw means 3 on top of the base mat 3.
  • the particulate infill material 5 consists of a plurality of coated particles, each coated particle comprising a particle core and at least one bio-coating layer.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of an artificial turf 1.
  • the artificial turf 1 comprises a base mat 2 with straw means 3 secured to the base mat, thereby constituting artificial grass fibers.
  • the base mat 2 with straw means 3 is resting on a ground 4.
  • a particulate infill material 5 is distributed among the straw means 3 on top of the base mat 2 to form a ballast infill layer 6 and a performance infill layer 7.
  • the particulate infill material 5 of the invention constitute both the ballast infill layer 6 and the performance infill layer 7. It is understood that it is within the scope of the invention that the particulate infill material 5, may constitute either or both the ballast infill layer 6 and/or the performance infill layer 7.
  • Fig.3 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of coated particle 8 of the particulate infill material 5.
  • the coated particle 8 comprises a particle core 9 and a first bio-coating layer 10a. It is understood, that the bio-coating layer may be biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • the coating layer may be a coherent layer, a somewhat coherent layer or a more web-like structure.
  • Fig.4 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of coated particle 8 of the particulate infill material 5.
  • the coated particle 8 comprises a particle core 9, a first bio-coating layer 10a and a second bio-coating layer 10b.
  • the bio-coating layers may be biodegradable and/or bio-based. It is understood from the figure that the first bio-coating layer 10a is adhering to the particle core 9 and that the second bio-coating layer 10b is adhering to the first bio- coating layer 10a.
  • the coating layer(s) may be a coherent layer, a somewhat coherent layer or a more web-like structure. It is understood that the transition from the first bio-coating layer 10a to the second bio-coating layer 10b may be somewhat transitional. Transitional may be understood as any degree of fusion or mixing of the two layers, which may happen for example during the coating process. In the present context, fusion or mixing may include any degree of chemical reaction between the two layers.
  • Fig 5 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of a coated particle 8 of the particulate infill material 5.
  • the coated particle 8 comprises a first bio-coating layer 10a, a second bio-coating layer 10b and an outer protective layer 11.
  • the bio-coating layer may be biodegradable and/or bio-based. It is understood from the figure that the first bio-coating layer 10a is adhering to the particle core 9, that the second bio-coating layer 10b is adhering to the first bio-coating layer 10a and that the outer protective layer is adhering to the second bio-coating layer 10b.
  • the coating layer(s) may be a coherent layer, a somewhat coherent layer or a more web-like structure. It is understood that the transition from the first bio-coating layer 10a to the second bio-coating layer 10b and the transition from the second bio-coating layer 10b to the outer protective layer may be somewhat transitional.
  • Transitional may be understood as any degree of fusion or mixing of the two layers, which may happen for example during the coating process.
  • fusion or mixing may include any degree of chemical reaction between the two layers.
  • a the outer protective layer 11 shown in figure 5 may be applied to any particles with one or more bio-coating layers, for example a coated particle 8 of a particulate infill material 5 as shown in fig.3, with a particle core 9 and a first bio- coating layer 10a.
  • the coated particle 8 according to the invention may comprise a multitude of bio-coating layers, in addition to the first bio-coating layer 10a and the second bio-coating layer 10b.
  • Example 1 General description of preparation of the particle core material A batch of particle core material was added to a mixer, whereafter a sufficient amount of water was added to make a suspension of the particle core material. After a predefined mixing time, water and impurities were filtered of using a sieve with openings of suitable size. The washing procedure can be repeated and/or the mixing time adjusted to obtain the desired mineral content of higher than 95% by weight of the particle core. Chemical analysis using X-ray diffraction was performed on a dried sample of the washed particle core material to determine mineral content.
  • particle core material having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core may be supplied.
  • Example 2 Examples of compositions suitable for particulate infill material comprising one coating layer: Table 1: Examples of compositions suitable for particulate infill material comprising one coating layer.
  • Silica sand may be exchanged for an alternative particle core having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core.
  • the used polymer(s) may be biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • the biodegradable polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PVH
  • the bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL- lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA polyethylene
  • the biodegradable and bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may be added to the above examples of particle infill material ingredients.
  • compositions suitable for particulate infill material comprising two coating layers.
  • Silica sand may be exchanged for an alternative particle core having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core.
  • the used polymer(s) may be biodegradable and/or bio-based.
  • the biodegradable polymeric identity of the coating layer 1 and coating layer 2 may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PLLA poly [DL-l
  • the bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL- lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA polyethylene
  • the biodegradable and bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate]
  • PBS poly[glycolic acid]
  • PBSA poly[
  • Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may be added to the above examples of particle infill material ingredients.
  • Example 3 General example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising one coating layer: A batch of particle core material having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the particle core was heated to a temperature between 100 and 300 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, particle core material was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of 0.5% to 10% by weight of the particle core material, of a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued.
  • the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous.
  • the coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow was continued until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container was about 60 degree Celsius, and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve specified openings.
  • Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) to the mixing container.
  • a continuous process in e.g. a rotating oven could be applied.
  • Example 4 General example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising multiple coating layers: A batch of particle core material having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the particle core was heated to a temperature between 100 and 300 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, particle core material was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of less than 10%by weight of the particle core material, of a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued. After a specified time period, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous.
  • the coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container was below the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer in the first coating layer, but still sufficiently above the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second coating layer.
  • An amount of less than 10% by weight of the particle core, of biodegradable polymeric material was added to the coated particles of the mixing container, whereafter the temperature was maintained and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued until the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer coating of the coated particle was considered to be homogeneous.
  • the coating procedure may be repeated if further coating layers are anticipated.
  • the multiple coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature was about 60 degree Celsius, and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with specified openings.
  • Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer to the mixing container.
  • a continuous process in e.g. a rotating oven could be applied.
  • Example 5 Example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising one coating layer: A batch of 500 kg of silica sand having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the silica sand, was heated to about 250 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, the silica sand was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of 10 kg, 2% by weight of the silica sand, of a polylactic acid (PLA)* in pellets of approximately 3 millimetres diameter was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued.
  • PVA polylactic acid
  • the biodegradable polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous, and 37.5 litres of water, 7.5% by weight of the silica sand, was added to the mixing container and instantly lowered the temperature under the development of steam.
  • an airflow of ambient air at ambient temperature of 22 degree Celsius was directed through the content of the mixer, causing the water to evaporate and the steam to be ventilated out of the mixing container.
  • the airflow was continued until the temperature of the content of the mixing container was about 60 degree Celsius, and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with openings of 1.2 millimetres**.
  • PDA polybutylene adipate terephthalate
  • PBS polyhydroxyalkanoates
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lactide]
  • PLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PVH poly-[vinylalcohol]
  • PVB poly[hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate]
  • PCL polycaprolactone
  • PGA poly[glycolic acid]
  • PBSA Poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate]
  • PPDO poly[p- dioxanone]
  • cellulose lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PLA may be exchanged for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D- lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D- lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate]
  • PB poly[glycolic acid]
  • Example 6 Example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising one biodegradable bio-coating layer: A batch of 500 kg of silica sand having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the silica sand, was heated to about 250 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, the silica sand was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer.
  • PDA and/or PBAT may be exchanges for any biodegradable polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D- lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-d
  • Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of biodegradable polymer to the particle core material.
  • PLA may be provided as bio-based PLA.
  • PLA may be exchanges for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polyhydroxyalkanoates
  • PDLA polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lactide]
  • PLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate]
  • PBAT is exchanged for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate]
  • PB poly[glycolic acid]
  • Example 7 Example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising two biodegradable bio-coating layers: A batch of 500 kg of silica sand having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the silica sand, was heated to about 250 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, the silica sand was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of 5 kg, 1% by weight of the silica sand, of a Polylactic acid (PLA)* in pellets was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued.
  • PVA Polylactic acid
  • the biodegradable polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous.
  • the coated particles were cooled using airflow until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container was about 135 degrees Celsius.
  • An amount of 5 kg, 1% by weight of the silica sand, of a Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)* in pellets was added to the coated particles in the mixing container, whereafter the temperature was maintained and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued until the second biodegradable polymer coating of the coated particle was considered to be homogeneous.
  • PBAT Polybutylene adipate terephthalate
  • the coated particles comprising two biodegradable bio-coating layers were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature was about 60 degree Celsius and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with specified openings.
  • Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during any of the additions of biodegradable polymer to the mixing container.
  • PDA and/or PBAT may be exchanges for any biodegradable polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D- lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D- lactide]
  • PLLA poly [
  • PLA may be exchanges for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS polyhydroxyalkanoates
  • PDLA polybutylene succinate
  • PDLA poly-[D-lactide]
  • PLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate]
  • PBAT is exchanged for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
  • PBS poly-[D-lactide]
  • PDLLA poly [DL-lactide]
  • PHBV poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate]
  • PBS poly[glycolic acid]
  • PGA
  • Example 8 General example of adding the outer protective layer
  • the coated particles comprising at least one bio-coating layer were cooled using water and/or airflow until a desired temperature was reached, i.e. a temperature sufficiently higher than the melting point of the major component of outer protective layer.
  • Ingredient(s) of the outer protective layer was/were added to the coated particles of the mixing container, whereafter the temperature was maintained and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued until the outer protective layer was considered to be homogeneous.
  • the multiple coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature was sufficiently below the melting temperature of the major ingredient of the outer protective layer, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with specified openings.
  • Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of the ingredient(s) of the outer protective layer to the mixing container.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a particulate infill material for artificial turfs, wherein said particulate infill material comprises a plurality of coated particles each including a particle core and a first bio-coating layer, wherein said particle core has a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core, and wherein said first bio-coating is biodegradable and/or bio-based. Furthermore, a method for producing the particulate infill material and the use of the particulate infill material are disclosed. Also, an artificial turf comprising above mentioned particulate infill material and a method for forming the artificial turf is disclosed.

Description

A PARTICULATE INFILL MATERIAL FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a particulate infill material for artificial turfs, wherein said particulate infill material comprises a plurality of coated particles. Furthermore, a method for producing the particulate infill material and the use of the particulate infill material are disclosed. Also, an artificial turf comprising above mentioned particulate infill material and a method for forming the artificial turf is disclosed. BACKGROUND The most used infill material for artificial turfs are the rubber based infills such as rubber granulates, or rubber crumb made from recycled tires. The use of rubber infill disadvantageously causes leaching of metals, especially zinc, into soil and groundwater. Furthermore, the rubber infill permits easy spreading or migration of rubber infill around the artificial turf, leading to contamination of the surrounding soil with microplastic. Also, the content of toxic chemicals in the rubber infill may cause health issues such as the users of the artificial turf being exposed to for example carcinogenic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Alternatively, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) infill materials can be used. They do not cause any leaching of metals, however, due to migration outside the artificial turf, hence, also for these types of infill materials there is a high risk of infill material ending up in nature as microplastic. Also, organic infill materials are available, such as cork, wood fibers, sugarcane granules, rice husks, walnut shells and coconut fibers. However, the durability of the materials are lower compared other infill alternatives, requiring increased maintenance. An object of the present invention is to provide a particular infill material for artificial turfs that will overcome or minimize one or more of the afore mentioned drawbacks. THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a particulate infill material for artificial turfs, wherein said particulate infill material comprises a plurality of coated particles each including a particle core and a first bio-coating layer, wherein said particle core has a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core and wherein said bio-coating is biodegradable and/or bio-based. By using a particle core having a high mineral content, the presence of organic matter such as soil in the particle core may be diminished. An advantage of using a particle core of high mineral content may be that the bio- coating layer interacts more properly with the surface of the mineral core, thereby improving the durability of the particulate infill, such as by reducing the amount of coating breaking of the surface of the particle core. Also, the high mineral content of the particle core may diminish the presence of microorganisms in the particle core, and thereby diminish any unintended biodegradation of the bio-coating layer, such as biodegradation during storage of the infill material. Hence, an advantage of the present invention may be that a bio-coating layer being biodegradable or being biodegradable and bio-based can be applied to a particle core having a high mineral content and still obtain a particulate infill material having desirable properties for use on an artificial turf, such as a suitable durability and performance properties. Furthermore, by using a particle core with high mineral content, the risk of introducing unwanted microorganism into the production facility of the infill material is diminished. A further advantage of using a particle core having a high mineral content according to the invention may be that a first bio-coating layer being biodegradable and/or bio- based can be applied, whereby a more environmentally friendly material is obtained. The presence of a particle core having a high mineral content provides the infill material with a high crush resistance. Furthermore, the first bio-coating layer may further increase the crush resistance of the particulate infill material. Thus, a further advantage of the invention may be that the particulate infill material has a suitable crush resistance. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core has a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core, such as higher than 97% by weight of the particle core, such as higher than 98% by weight of the particle core, such as higher than 99% by weight of the particle core. It is understood that a particle core according to the invention is a single particle, such as a mineral grain, such as a sand grain, such as a silica sand grain. The mineral content of the particle core is determined using chemical analysis by X- ray diffraction. An further advantage of using a particle core having high mineral content is that the particle core may be recycled. An advantage of the invention is that the bio-coating of the particulate infill material is biodegradable and/or bio-based and hence the use of the particulate infill material of the invention has a reduced impact on the environment. As understood here, bio-coating refers to a coating being biodegradable and/or bio- based. Thus, in one embodiment bio-coating refers to a biodegradable coating. In one embodiment, bio-coating refers to a bio-based coating. In one embodiment, bio- coating refers to a biodegradable and bio-based coating. The bio-coating may advantageously be bio-based, whereby a more environmentally friendly material may be obtained. As understood here, “bio-based” refers to materials where at least at portion of the material is obtained from renewable sources, such as biological materials and/or biological processes, such as microbial synthesis. The bio-based portion can be quantified as the bio-based carbon content, which is measured using the radiocarbon method according to standards ASTM D6866 and/or EN 16640, i.e. measuring the carbon C14 isotope. A further advantage of a bio-based coating is that the coating material of the infill material may be recycled if being bio-based. In fact, the whole infill material i.e. particle core and bio-based coating material, may be recycled. Biodegradation is a chemical process during which microorganisms that are available in the environment convert materials into simpler products, which upon complete or ultimate biodegradation ends up being mineralized into carbon dioxide, water, mineral salts and biomass. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable into natural substances. Hence, it is understood that the term “biodegradable coating” here means that the coating layer is capable of being broken down into simpler products, by microbial action. The process of biodegradation depends on a range of parameters, such as the surrounding environmental conditions for example location, temperature, water/rain. It also depends on the material to be biodegraded and not least on the application. Hence, parameters such a biodegradation time and thereto related durability of a certain material is difficult to estimate unless all parameters are known. Infill material may end up outside the artificial turf. An advantage of the present invention is that any particulate infill material being biodegradable and ending up in the surrounding environment will biodegrade over time. The degradation time will depend on where artificial turf is installed. High temperatures could increase degradation rate. Also, humidity could increase the degradation rate. Furthermore, the availability of microorganism could influence the degradation rate. In an embodiment of the invention, infill material ending up outside the artificial turf could be 50% biodegraded after 10 years. In other embodiments of the invention, the infill material ending up outside the artificial turf could be 50% biodegraded in less than 10 years, such as less than 8 years, such as less than 6 years, such as less than 5 years. The biodegradability of the infill material and the durability of the infill material should ideally have a desirable balance. A further advantage of the invention may be that the bio-coating layer provides the infill material with a more smooth surface. This could advantageously diminish microbial adherence to and microbial deterioration of the particle core, possible increasing the lifetime and durability of the particulate infill material. A further advantage of an infill material comprising coated particles, is that it may limit the abrasive wear on surrounding materials of for example an artificial turf, in which the particulate infill material may be placed. Moreover, the particulate infill material may also provide an artificial turf using the particulate infill material with a gentler surface that inflicts less damage to say a person who connects with the particular infill material, for example during a fall. A further advantage of using a bio-coating layer may be that the coating layer is non- toxic. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is bio-based and free of components being toxic to say person connecting with the particular infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is bio-based and free of components being toxic to both the environment and say person connecting with the particular infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable and free of components being toxic to say person connecting with the particular infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable into non-toxic substances. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable and free of components being toxic to both the environment and say person connecting with the particular infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating is biodegradable and bio-based and free of components being toxic to both the environment and say person connecting with the particular infill material. Also, the use of a bio-coating advantageously provides a particulate infill material that does not leach any metals and/or toxic components into the environment. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the water-content of the particulate infill material is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention the water-content of the particulate infill material is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, such as below 3% by weight of the particulate infill material, such as below 2% by weight of the particulate infill material, such as below 1% by weight of the particulate infill material. If the water content is too high the particulate infill material is susceptible for microbial growth and biodegradation. Thus, it is preferred that the water content of the particulate infill material should have a low water content, such as below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material in order to diminish any biodegradation of the product prior to use, such as during storage. Also, it is preferred that the water content of the particulate infill material should have a low water content, such as below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material in order to diminish any microbial growth within the product prior to use, such as during storage. The particulate infill material of the invention could advantageously be stored under conditions where biodegradation is diminished in order to secure a high quality of the product. Such conditions could for example be conditions where the particulate infill material is shielded from sun and rain. It is understood that the water content referring to is the water content of the particulate infill material prior to distribution on an artificial turf. Thus, the water content referred to is the water content of the particulate in fill prior to any exposure to for example rain. The water content may be determined by measuring weight loss upon drying, i.e. a sample of particulate infill material is weighed, whereafter it is subjected to drying at 100 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. The sample is weighed and the drying procedure is repeated until no further weight loss is measured. The total weight loss is used as a number for the water content of the particulate infill material. According to an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density higher than 1.0 ton/m3. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.0 and 2.0 ton/m3. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.0 and 1.5 ton/m3. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.2 and 2.0 ton/m3. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material has a bulk density between 1.2 and 1.7 ton/m3. An advantage of the above embodiment is that the particulate infill material has improved migration properties compared to infill with lower bulk densities. The particulate infill material of the invention has a lower tendency to migrate than lighter infill material, i.e. the particulate infill material of the invention has a lower degree of migration than lighter infill material. With migration is understood that the infill material is moved from an area to another, such as from an area within the artificial turf to another area within the artificial turf, or from an area of the artificial turf to an area outside the artificial turf. Thus, a high degree of migration can cause unintended both accumulation and/or loss of infill material locally in the artificial turf, as well as overall loss of infill material from the whole artificial turf. Loss of infill, whether locally in the turf or across the whole turf deteriorates the intended properties of the artificial turf, ultimately rendering the turf useless for its intended purpose, such as sport activities. Migration can be caused by for example weather conditions such as wind and rain. Migration may also happen during use of the artificial turf, such as during use of the artificial turf for sports activities. An artificial turf comprising the particulate infill material of the invention may advantageously require less maintenance due to the lower migration. Also, the need for adding supplementing particulate infill material to the artificial turf, also referred to as topping off the artificial turf, may be lower due to the diminished loss. Artificial turfs often comprise a base-mat with straw means pointing vertically, a ballast infill layer and a performance infill layer. The ballast infill layer is positioned on top of the base-mat and the performance infill layer is positioned on top of the ballast infill layer. The ballast infill layer prevents the base-mat from moving and supports the straw means. Also, it may contribute to the overall performance of the artificial turf by providing for example shock absorption. The performance infill layer may also support the straw means, keeping them standing upright, while in addition, providing the artificial turf with desirable properties for the intended use of the artificial turf and for the users of the artificial turf, i.e. performance characteristic such as shock absorption, ball bounce etc. The particulate infill material according to the invention having a bulk density between 1.0 and 2.0 ton/m3 may be used in ballast infill layer and/or in performance infill layer. Advantageously, the particulate infill material according to the invention having a bulk density between 1.0 and 2.0 ton/m3 may be used as both ballast infill layer and performance infill layer, thereby simplifying the construction of the artificial turf. According to an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles have a subangular or rounded shape. An advantage of using coated particles having a subangular or rounded shape may be that the coated particles provides suitable drainage properties to the artificial turf. Furthermore, the coated particles according to the above embodiment may advantageously have a lower tendency to compact over time, and hence require less maintenance. Also, coated particles having a subangular or rounded shape may be less abrasive to the surrounding and users of the artificial turf where the infill is used. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles have a particle size below 5.0 mm. The straw means arranged on the base-mat of an artificial turf are placed with a certain distance. An advantage of the above embodiment is that the particulate infill material will be able to partially submerge the straw means arranged on the base-mat of the artificial turf. A particle size higher than 5 mm will have the effect that the infill cannot be placed between the straw means on the base-mat of the artificial turf. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles have an average particle size between 0.5 and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles have an average particle size between 0.6 and 1.7 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles have an average particle size between 0.8 and 1.2 mm. It is understood that the particle size ranges disclosed here, refer to particle size ranges determined using sieve analysis. Hence, coated particles having particle size below 5 mm are coated particles being able to pass through a sieve having an opening size of 5 mm. Coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm refers the coated particles being able to pass through a sieve having an opening size of 2 mm but not able to pass through a sieve having an opening size of 0.5 mm. According to an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises less than 10% by weight of coated particles having a particle size below 0.5 mm. One advantage of the above embodiment may be providing a dust reduced product or even a dust free product. Hence, the particulate infill material does not cause dust formation and hence potential respiratory irritation. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises more than 50% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises more than 60% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises more than 70% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material comprises more than 80% by weight of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. It may be advantageous to ensure that the fraction of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm is high in order to obtain a product with a desirable compactness suitable for use as infill material in artificial turf. If the fraction of coated particles having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm is to low, the particulate infill material may be able to settle too much thereby forming a too compact layer of infill. In an embodiment of the invention, the particle core is selected from the group consisting of mineral grains and sands. The particle core material is advantageously a natural product, which may be readily available and relative cost effective to use. A further advantage of using mineral grains or sands as the particle core of the invention is that these core materials has a desirable density for obtaining a particulate infill material having suitable densities for use as an infill material in artificial turfs. Furthermore, the use of a particle core material composed of mineral grains or sands provides a particulate infill material having less tendency to migrate. Also advantageously, the use of mineral grains or sands do not constitute an environmental risk relating to migration of infill from the artificial turf to the surrounding environment. Also, the particle core material of the invention has a desirable crush resistance for making a particulate infill material for artificial turfs, a crush resistance which advantageously is improved by adding a coat to the particle core. Furthermore, an advantage of using a particle core material having a high mineral content is, that the inventive infill material may be recycled. The inventive infill material may after a period of use be collected and reprocessed, such as by adding or supplementing coating material, to achieve infill material, which can then be re-used. Alternatively, used infill material may be collected and any remaining coating material may be removed from then core, heating and melting of the coating(s) or by degradation of the coating(s), such as chemical or microbial degradation, in order to achieve core material to be recycled. The inventors found that coated sand has an increased crush resistance compared to uncoated sand. Hence, a further advantage of the invention is that the particulate infill material has a suitable crush resistance. In an embodiment of the invention, the particle core is sand. In an embodiment of the invention, the particle core is silica sand. In an embodiment of the invention, the particle core has a particle size below 5 mm. The particle size and the particle size distribution of the particle core material may advantageously reflect the desired particle size of the coated particles of the particulate infill material in order to reduce production waste, such as production of coated particles larger than 5 mm. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 0.5% by weight of the particle core. It is understood that a coating layer according to the invention is a layer spread over the surface of a particle surface. The layer may be a somewhat coherent layer, or it may be a more web-like structure. Thus, the first bio-coating layer of the invention is spread over the surface of the particle core. The inventive infill material comprises a plurality of coated particles, each particle comprising a particle core and a first bio- coating, i.e. the infill material comprises a plurality of individually coated particles, i.e. a loose particular material. An advantage of using individually coated particles may be that less coating material may be used in comparison to granular infill materials, where a significant higher weight percentage of coating material relative to core material is applied. The first coating layer may be quantified as to constitute a certain weight percentage of the particle core. Hence, the quantification will be an average as the weight percent will be calculated based on the amount of added coating material relative to the amount of added particle core material. Exemplified, a plurality of coated particles is made from 1 kg of coating material and 100 kg of particle core material, whereby the coating layer constitutes on average 1% by weight of the of the core particle. Furthermore, the amount of coating layer may alternatively be experimentally determined using loss on ignition. Loss On Ignition (LOI) is measured by heating up a sample and burning off all organic materials. The weight of the sample is determined before- and after the treatment. The weight difference in percent, represents the LOI number i.e. the amount of bio-coating layer(s). In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 1% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. The invention advantageously enables a relative low content of bio-coating layer, while still obtaining a desirable particulate infill material having desirable durability and performance properties. Furthermore, the low content of bio-coating layer may advantageously represent a cost-effective solution. Furthermore, the low content of bio-coating layer may advantageously represent a environmentally friendly solution as less polymeric material is used. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer covers at least 10% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer covers at least 20% of the particle surface, such as at least 30% of the particle surface, such as at least 40% of the particle surface, such as at least 50% of the particle surface, such as at least 60% of the particle surface, such as at least 70% of the particle surface, such as at least 80% of the particle surface, such as at least 90% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio- based and covers at least 10%, such as 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, such as 50%, such as 60%, such as 70%, such as 80%, such as 90% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface. Advantageously, the bio-coating layer may provide the particulate infill material with a more smooth and/or less abrasive surface, which potentially could provide the particulate infill material with a desirable duration and user experience. Also, the bio- coating layer may increase the crush resistance of the particulate infill material. As understood here, coating degree is the percentage of surface area, which is covered by the coating layer. It is understood that particle surface may refer to any surface of a particle, whether coated or not. Thus, particle surface may for example refer to the surface of a particle core of a coated particle or to the surface of a coated particle. Particle surface may further refer to the outer surface of a coated particle that is coated with more than a single coating layer. The coating degree may be visually estimated using a microscope. A set of samples represented the production batch investigated. The samples are inspected under microscope and scored with a coating degree, such as 10%, 20% etc. The average coating degree of each sample is used to quantify the coating degree of the batch investigated, i.e. to calculate the average coating degree of the sample set. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio- based and covers 100% of the particle surface. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. Homogeneity may be visually inspected using a microscope. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. An advantage of the above embodiment may be that a lower amount of bio-coating material may be used as long as the bio-coating material is homogenously distributed over the coated particle surface and still obtain desirable properties such as a desirable duration, desirable user experience and/or increased . crush resistance of the particulate infill material. This could for example be a web-like coating homogenously distributed over the particle surface. According to an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius. The softening temperature of the coating layer may advantageously be higher than 60 degrees Celsius in order for the particulate infill material to be useful in warm areas, such as areas where the temperature may be 40 degrees Celsius or even higher. If the softening temperature of the coating is too low, the particulate infill material could become sticky and may start to agglomerate into larger particles. As understood here, the softening temperature of the coating layer is measured using differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-3:2018 using differential scanning calorimetry. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, one or more bio-coating layer(s) may biodegrade at a substantially faster rate at temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius, such as above 50 degrees Celsius, such as above 60 degrees Celsius, such as above 70 degrees Celsius, such as above 80 degrees Celsius or even higher. An advantage of the above embodiment may be that the bio-coating layer(s) may have improved durability at temperatures occurring in natural environment, ultimately extending the lifetime of the particulate infill material. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises at least a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises at least a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based. The biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) used may vary depending on the application of the particulate infill material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable and bio-based. Biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers may advantageously be mixed/blended in order to obtain a particulate infill material having desirable properties for its application. For example, a mix/blend of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers could be used to modulate for example water absorption of the particulate infill material. A low water absorption could be a desirable property if the infill of the invention is to be used in areas where temperatures often are below 0 degrees Celsius. Having a too high water absorption may cause the infill to be damaged due to freezing. Alternatively, high water absorption could be attractive in very warm areas, where water absorption could provide a way of cooling the infill material. Another desirable property could be crush resistance. The bio-coating should provide sufficient strength for the particulate infill material to be used for its intended purpose. Furthermore, it may be possible to modulate the adherence of the bio-coating to the particle core by using preferred biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises two biodegradable polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of two biodegradable polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises two bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of two bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer comprises two biodegradable and bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the first bio-coating layer consist of two biodegradable and bio-based polymers. According to an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. The advantageous low amount of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymeric material used in the particulate infill material may provide a cost-effective solution compared to infill materials where polymeric material constitutes the majority of the infill material, i.e. infills where polymeric material is the major component. Furthermore, the advantageous low amount of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymeric material used in the particulate infill material may provide for a more environmental friendly production. The amount of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) may be quantified as to constitute a certain weight percentage of the particle core. Hence, the quantification will be an average as the weight percent will be calculated based on the amount of added polymer(s) relative to the amount of added particle core material. Exemplified, a plurality of coated particles is made from 1 kg of first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer and 100 kg of particle core material, whereby the biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average 1% by weight of the of the core particle. Further exemplified, a plurality of coated particles is made from 200 of first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer, 800 g of second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers and 100 kg of particle core material whereby the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the first bio-coating layer constitute on average 1% by weight of the of the core particle. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable polymer(s), the biodegradable polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises bio-based polymer(s), the bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s), the biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable polymer, the first biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a first bio- based polymer, the first bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable and bio-based polymer, the first biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable polymer, the second biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a second bio- based polymer, the second bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer, the second biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second bio-based polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. A possible third, fourth, fifth etc. biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer may likewise constitute on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius. As previously describes, the softening temperature of the coating layer may advantageously be higher than 60 degrees Celsius in order for the particulate infill material to be useful in warm areas, such as areas where the temperature may be 40 degrees Celsius or even higher. If the softening temperature of polymer of the coating is too low, the particulate infill material could become sticky and may start to agglomerate into larger particles. As understood here, the softening temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer is the measured using differential scanning calorimetry according to ISO 11357-3:2018, using differential scanning calorimetry. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius. According to an embodiment of the invention, the melt flow index of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg). According to an embodiment of the invention, the melt flow index of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg). In an embodiment of the invention the melt flow index of a third, fourth, fifth etc. biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg). The melt flow index of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) should advantageously be between 1 g/10 min (190 degrees Celsius / 2.16 g) and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg) in order to obtain a particulate infill material according to the invention. The melt index should be high enough to enable coating of particle core, but still low enough to ensure a certain strength of the final particulate material. The melt flow index of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer may be measured in accordance with ISO standard 1133-1:2011. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), cellulose, starch or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch, or combination or modifications thereof. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particle comprises one coating layer, i.e. the first coating layer, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch, or combination or modifications thereof. The use one or more biodegradable polymer(s) in a bio-coating layer may advantageously provide a particulate infill material having a desirable strength, while also being biodegradable. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particle comprises one coating layer, i.e. the first coating layer, wherein the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of bio- based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), starch, or combination or modifications thereof. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particle comprises one coating layer, i.e. the first coating layer, wherein the first bio-coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), starch, or combination or modifications thereof. The polymer used may vary depending on the application of the particulate infill material. As used here, a combination of polymers is a covalent combination of polymers, i.e. the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers are covalently attached, i.e. such as copolymers. As used here, modifications of a polymer are changes made to that particular polymer such as a crosslinking, charge modification etc. Any combination or modifications of polymers may be achieved prior to the coating process, or it may be achieved during the coating process. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer is at least partially crosslinked. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer of the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer of the first bio-coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer of the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second polymer of the first bio- coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second polymer of the first bio- coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second polymer of the first bio- coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise at least a second bio-coating layer, wherein the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and/or bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 0.5% by weight of the particle core. It is understood that a coating layer according to the invention is a layer spread over the surface of a particle. The layer may be a somewhat coherent layer, or it may be a more web-like structure. Thus, the second bio-coating layer of the invention is layer spread over the surface of the particle coated with a first bio-coating layer. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average at least 1% by weight of the particle core, such as at least 2% by weight of the particle core, such as at least 5% by weight of the particle core, such as at least 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer covers at least 10% of the particle surface, such as at least 20% of the particle surface, such as at least 30% of the particle surface, such as at least 40% of the particle surface, such as at least 50% of the particle surface, such as at least 60% of the particle surface, such as at least 70% of the particle surface, such as at least 80% of the particle surface, such as at least 90% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface, such as 20 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 30 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 40 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 50 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 60 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 70 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 80 to 100% of the particle surface, such as 90 to 100% of the particle surface. Advantageously, the second bio-coating layer may provide the particulate infill material with a less abrasive and/or more smooth surface, which potentially could provide the particulate infill material with a desirable duration and user experience. Also, the second bio-coating layer may increase the crush resistance of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer is bio-based and covers 100% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers 100% of the particle surface. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer covers 100% of the particle surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and covers 100% of the particle core surface and is homogenously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle surface, such as less than 40% of the particle surface, such as less than 20% of the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer covers less than 100% of the particle surface, such as less than 80% of the particle surface, such as less than 60% of the particle surface, such as less than 40% of the particle surface, such as less than 20% of the particle surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is bio- based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. In an embodiment of the invention the invention the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and covers less than 100% of the particle core surface, such as less than 80% of the particle core surface, such as less than 60% of the particle core surface, such as less than 40% of the particle core surface, such as less than 20% of the particle core surface and is homogeneously distributed over the particle surface. An advantage of the above embodiments may be that a lower amount of bio-coating material may be used as long as the bio-coating material is homogenously distributed over the coated particle surface and still obtain desirable properties such as a desirable duration, desirable user experience and/or increased crush resistance of the particulate infill material. This could for example be a web-like coating homogenously distributed over the particle surface. According to an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the second bio-coating layer. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 180 and 250 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 150 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 150 and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 120 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 120 and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 100 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 100 and 150 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 80 degrees Celsius. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprise at least a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based. The biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer used may vary depending on the application of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises at least a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is biodegradable and/or bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer comprise two biodegradable polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer consist of a first and second biodegradable polymer. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer comprises two bio- based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer consist of two bio- based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer comprises two biodegradable and bio-based polymers. In an embodiment of the invention the second bio-coating layer consist of two biodegradable and bio-based polymers. It is within the scope of the invention that the second or first bio-coating layer(s) may comprise three or more biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers. An embodiment according to the invention comprises three bio-coating layers. A further embodiment according to the invention may comprise four or more bio- coating layers. According to an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the bio-coating layer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. The advantageous low amount of polymeric material used in the particulate infill material may provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution compared to infill materials where polymeric material constitutes the majority of the infill material, i.e. infills where polymeric material is the major component. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable polymer(s), the biodegradable polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises bio-based polymer(s), the bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s), the biodegradable and bio-based polymer(s) constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable polymer, the first biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a first bio- based polymer, the first bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a first biodegradable and bio-based polymer, the first biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable layer comprise at least a second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitute(s) on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 1% and 8% by weight of the particle core, such as between 2% and 6% by weight of the particle core, such as between 4% and 5% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 2% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 5% and 10% by weight of the particle core, such as between 6% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable polymer, the second biodegradable polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a second bio-based polymer, the second bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer, the second biodegradable and bio-based polymer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second bio-based polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer comprises a first and a second biodegradable and bio-based polymer, the polymers constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 3%, such as between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core. A possible third, fourth, fifth etc. biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer may likewise constitute on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 60 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degree Celsius, such as higher than 90 degree Celsius, such as higher than 100 degree Celsius, such as higher than 120 degree Celsius, such as higher than 150 degree Celsius, such as higher than 180 degree Celsius, such as higher than 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 250 degree Celsius, such as between 80 and 250 degree Celsius, such as 80 and 200 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention, the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between than 60 and 200 degree Celsius, such as between 60 and 150 degree Celsius, such as 100 and 150 degree Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the second bio-coating layer. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 180 and 250 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 150 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 150 and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second biocoating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 120 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 120 and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 100 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point between 100 and 150 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer, has/have a softening point between 60 and 80 degrees Celsius. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a softening point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the second coating. In multi-layered embodiments, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers of the second coating. For example, a biodegradable polymer within the first bio-coating layer may have a melting point greater than about 150 degree Celsius and a biodegradable polymer within the second bio-coating layer a melting point of about 110 degree Celsius. In some embodiments, the difference in melting points between the polymer(s) within the first and second bio-coating layer is at least 5 degree Celsius, such as 10 degree Celsius, such as 15 degree Celsius, such as at least 20 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating. In an embodiment of the invention the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point between 150 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating has/have a melting point between 80 degrees Celsius and 130 degrees Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point between 120 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second coating has/have a melting point between 70 degrees Celsius and 110 degrees Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point between 200 degrees Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has/have a melting point between 100 degrees Celsius and 180 degrees Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point between 200 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celsius and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating has/have a melting point between 100 degrees Celsius and 180 degrees Celsius. According to an embodiment of the invention, the melt flow index of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg). According to an embodiment of the invention, the melt flow index of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg). In an embodiment of the invention the melt flow index of a third, fourth, fifth etc. biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg). According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), cellulose, starch or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of biodegradable polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch, or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of bio-based polymer(s) selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), cellulose, starch, or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio- coating layer is/are composed of polymer(s) being both biodegradable and bio-based, and the polymers being selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), starch, or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer of the second bio- coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second polymer of the second bio- coating layer is bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second polymer of the second bio- coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based and composed of polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating and the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are biodegradable. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating and the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are bio-based. According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating and the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are biodegradable and bio-based. Bio-based polymers may be derived from renewable resources, such as biomass. Bio- based polymers may be naturally produced polymers, such as polymers synthesized by living organism. Alternatively, bio-based polymers may be based on monomers derived from renewable resources, which upon chemical processing may be polymerized. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating layer(s) has/have a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating layer(s) has/have a bio-based carbon content of 100%. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) has a bio-based carbon content of 100%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%. As understood here, bio-based carbon content is measured using the radiocarbon method according to standards ASTM D6866 and/or EN 16640, i.e. measuring the carbon C14 isotope. The density of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers described herein may in some embodiments be from 0.70 to 2.00 g/cm3 in some embodiments. The biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers described may be synthetically manufactured and/or obtained and/or derived from nature. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) is/are a copolymer. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are a copolymer. In an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer is/are a copolymer. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) is/are biodegradable and bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer is/are biodegradable and bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer is/are biodegradable and bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the bio-coating layer(s) is/are substantially free of petroleum-based polymers. By using biodegradable polymers which are also biobased the particulate infill material of the invention may advantageously have a lower environmental impact and further do not contribute to the fossil depletion problem. According to an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise an outer protective layer. The outer protective layer may protect the coated particles from UV light, water, abrasion etc. Additionally, the outer protective layer may comprise pigments or colorants, whereby a particulate infill material having a desired color may be obtained. As used here, an outer protective layer, if present, refers to the outermost layer of the coated particles of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the outer protective layer is hydrophobic. A hydrophobic outer protective layer may advantageously reduce water absorption by the particulate infill material. Also, a hydrophobic outer surface may reduce microbial growth on the surface of the particulate infill material. Hence, an outer protective layer might improve the durability of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the outer protective layer is homogenously distributed over the bio-coating layer of the coated particle. In an embodiment according to the invention, the outer protective layer may comprise one or more biodegradable polymers. In an embodiment of the invention, the protective layer is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the protective layer has a bio-based carbon content of at least 20%, such as at least 40%, such as at least 60%, such as at least 80%, such as at least 90%. In an embodiment of the invention, the protective layer has a bio-based carbon content of 100%. The outer protective layer may be a wax layer. According to an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles further comprise one or more additives. As understood here, an additive is an ingredient which may be added in small quantities in order to improve or preserve the coated particles. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating comprises additive in an amount of less than 10% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 8% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 6% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 4% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 2% by weight of the first coating. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating comprises additive in an amount of less than 10% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 8% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 6% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 4% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 2% by weight of the second coating. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles are free of additive. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise additive in an amount of less than 1% by weight of the core particle. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise additive, wherein the additive is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise additive, wherein the additive is biodegradable. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise additive, wherein the additive is biodegradable and bio-based. The additive(s) may be part of the bio-coating layer(s) and/or the protective layer. Thus, the additive(s) are added during any of the coating procedures, i.e. in the step of adding biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s). Non-limiting examples of additives include antioxidants, prooxidants, antimicrobial agents, fungicides, algae inhibitors, dispersants, surfactants, UV absorbers, thermal stabilizers, pigment/colorants, hydrolysis inhibitors, hydrolysis accelerators, fertilizers. In an embodiment of the invention, the additives are bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the additives are non-toxic. According to an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles further comprise one or more fillers. In an embodiment of the invention, the first bio-coating comprises filler in an amount of less than 50% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 40% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 30% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 20% by weight of the first coating, such as less than 10% by weight of the first coating. In an embodiment of the invention, the second bio-coating comprises additive in an amount of less than 50% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 40% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 30% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 20% by weight of the second coating, such as less than 10% by weight of the second coating. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise filler in an amount of less than 10% by weight of the core particle, such as less than 7% by weight of the core particle, such as less than 5% by weight of the core particle, such as less than 3% by weight of the core particle. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles are free of filler. As understood here, a filler is an ingredient simply used for filling purpose. The filler(s) may be part of the bio-coating layer(s) and/or the protective layer. Thus, the filler(s) are added during any of the coating procedures, i.e. in the step of adding biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s). In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise filler, wherein the filler is bio-based. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise filler, wherein the filler is biodegradable. In an embodiment of the invention, the coated particles comprise filler, wherein the filler is biodegradable and bio-based. Non-limiting examples of fillers include CaCO3, talc, carbon black, biochar. The invention furthermore relates to an artificial turf comprising the particulate infill material according to the invention as infill material. According to an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material is used as performance infill layer. An advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as performance infill layer may be that the artificial turf requires less maintenance as the inventive particulate infill material has a lower tendency to migrate. A further advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as performance infill layer may be that less infill material ends up in nature, such as less microplastic ends up in nature, such as no microplastic ends up in nature. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material is used as ballast infill layer. An advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as ballast infill layer may be that the artificial turf requires less maintenance as the inventive particulate infill material may have a lower tendency to compact over time and/or during use. A further advantage of an artificial turf comprising the inventive particulate infill material as ballast infill layer may be that less infill material ends up in nature, such as less microplastic ends up in nature, such as no microplastic ends up in nature. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material is used as combined performance and ballast infill layer. The particulate infill material according to the invention may advantageously be used as both performance infill layer and ballast infill layer. This may advantageously provide for a simpler and/or more cost-effective method of forming an artificial turf. Furthermore, a simpler maintenance procedure may be performed. According to an embodiment of the invention, the biodegradability rate of a biodegradable particulate infill material of the invention may be controlled by external application of degradation inhibitor or degradation accelerator. The durability, lifetime and/or maintenance interval of an artificial turf may advantageously be improved by externally applying a degradation inhibitor. A degradation inhibitor may for example be antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, fungicides, algae inhibitors, UV absorbers, thermal stabilizers, hydrolysis inhibitors. Alternatively, the biodegradation of a biodegradable particulate infill material of the invention may advantageously be accelerated by applying a degradation accelerator to the infill material. It may be relevant to accelerate the biodegradation of the infill material if the artificial turf is to be taken down. The accelerated degradation may advantageously enable recycling of the particle core material for a broad range of applications. A degradation accelerator may for example be prooxidants and hydrolysis accelerators. Also, inventive infill material wherein the bio-coating is bio-based enables recycling of the infill material. The bio-based coating material may be recycled as well as the core material. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a particulate infill material according to the invention in artificial turf suitable for sports fields. In artificial turfs suitable for sports fields, infill material is usually provided on top of a base mat with straw means attached. A ballast infill layer with a suitable density is placed on top of the base mat, to secure the base mat at its position, for example on the ground or on a surface. Traditional materials used as ballast infill layer includes for example minerals such as different types of sand. These materials are generally hard and have inherent abrasive properties, and so, the materials tend to wear on the other components of the artificial turf, when used as infill herein. Moreover, the materials may cause undue damage to athletes falling on an artificial turf using such infill material. Therefore, a second layer of softer and much less abrasive infill material, a so-called performance infill, is required on top of the ballast infill layer. As previously described, these traditional infill materials, for example different types of rubber granulate, are often harmful to the environment, and to the health of people who come in close contact with the material. Further disadvantages of these materials have already been described previously, but briefly; during use of an artificial turf incorporating the said infill materials, the said materials may mix with the material used as ballast infill layer placed underneath it, and it may easily migrate within and outside the artificial turf, altogether degrading the properties that make the field suitable for sport activities and at the same time causing environmental harm to the natural milieu surrounding the field. An advantage of using the particulate infill material according to the invention as infill in artificial sports fields is that it may be essentially harmless to the environment, and to athletes using the sport fields. A further advantage of using the particulate infill material of the present invention in sports fields is that it may be virtually non-abrasive, causing much less wear on surrounding materials of the artificial turf and providing a much safer artificial sports field for athletes to use. It is therefore within the scope of the invention, to use the particulate infill material as performance infill in artificial turfs. A further advantage of the particulate infill according to the invention, is that the density of the particulate infill material is much higher than for example traditional rubber infill materials. This is advantageous in that it may enable the use of the infill material according to the present invention to be used as ballast infill. In an embodiment of the invention, the infill material of the present invention may be used as both ballast and performance infill layer in artificial turf. This is advantageous, in that it hinders mixing of different infill materials for example during the use of the artificial turf for sports activities. This ensures a consistently high improved user experience across the whole sports field. The invention further relates to a method of producing the particulate infill material according to the invention, the method comprising the steps of providing a portion of particle core material having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight, heating said portion of particulate core material to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 300 degree Celsius, placing said portion of particulate core material in a mixer comprising mixing means, adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymers and optionally additives and fillers to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means. Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means, directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content. The above method may advantageously be used for producing particulate infill material comprising one layer of bio-coating. By heating the particle core material to such high temperature, a very advantageous and even distribution of the bio-coating is obtained. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core material is heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) to be used in the bio-coating. In an embodiment of the invention the particulate core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius, such as within the range of 150 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius, such as within the range of 200 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 200 degrees Celsius to 300 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 200 degrees Celsius to 250 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 150 degrees Celsius to 250 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the particle core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 150 degrees Celsius to 200 degree Celsius. Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the mixture of particle core material and the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer, an advantageous rapid cooling may be obtained, whereby the distribution as well as the properties of the coating is secured. If water is applied, the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the temperature is lowered further, such as below the melting point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating, such as below the softening point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating. If water is applied, the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the temperature is lowered further, such as below 80 degrees Celsius, such as below 60 degrees Celsius, so that the coated particles are no longer mutually bonded and a loose, particulate infill material is obtained. If water is applied, the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. If water is applied, the water is dried out of the mixture by means of the airflow through the content of the mixer and the temperature is lowered further, such as below 80 degrees Celsius and the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. If only airflow is applied, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the temperature is lowered, such as below the melting point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating, such as below the softening point of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the bio-coating. If only airflow is applied, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the temperature is lowered, such as below 80 degrees Celsius, such as below 60 degrees Celsius, so that the coated particles are no longer mutually bonded and a loose, particulate infill material is obtained. If only airflow is applied, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. If only airflow is applied, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the temperature is lowered, such as below 80 degrees Celsius and the water content is reduced so that the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention the method of the invention further includes a step of passing the particulate infill material through a sieve. In an embodiment of the invention, the particulate infill material is shielding from biodegradable conditions until used on an artificial turf. The particulate infill material may be shielded from biodegradable conditions in order to ensure a high quality and/or durability of the particulate infill material. It is understood here, that “shielded from biodegradable conditions” means shielded from for example water and rain, heat, microbial contamination. In an embodiment of the invention, the coating procedure, i.e. adding biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer to the mixer and subsequent lowering the temperature of the coated particles to a desired temperature, is repeated prior to proceeding with the temperature lowering step in order to produce particulate infill material comprising at least two bio-coating layers. The above embodiment may advantageously be used for producing particulate infill material comprising multiple layers of bio-coating. In an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of providing a portion of particle core material having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight, heating said portion of particulate core material to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 300 degree Celsius, placing said portion of particulate core material in a mixer comprising mixing means, adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymer(s) and optionally additives and fillers to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means. Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means, directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content. The temperature of the coated particles are lowered using water and/or airflow until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container is below the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) in the first bio-coating layer, but still sufficiently above the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer. Adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymer(s) and optionally additives and fillers to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means. Adding water and/or directing an airflow to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means, directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content. The above embodiment may advantageously be used for producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating. In an embodiment of the invention, the method of producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating, the step of directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material. In an embodiment of the invention, the method of producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating, the method further include a step of passing the particulate infill material through a sieve. In an embodiment of the invention, the method of producing particulate infill material comprising two layers of bio-coating, wherein the bio-coating is biodegradable, the method further include a step of shielding the particulate infill material from biodegradable conditions until used on an artificial turf. The skilled person would know how to adjust heating temperatures and cooling temperatures within the disclosed methods based on the ingredients, such as the melting points of the biodegradable and /or bio-based polymers. Thus, the skilled person would know how to adjust heating temperatures and lower temperatures within the disclosed method based on the melting points of the biodegradable and/or bio- based polymers within each bio-coating layer. In an embodiment of the invention, the temperature is lowered to 200 degrees Celsius, such as 180 degrees Celsius, such as 160 degrees Celsius, such as 140 degrees Celsius, such as 120 degrees Celsius, such as 100 degrees Celsius, such as 80 degrees Celsius, such as 60 degrees Celsius. In embodiments of the invention where multi-layered coated particles are produced, such as a coated particle comprising two bio-coating layers, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer, i.e. the coating layer closest to the particle core, has/have a melting point greater than the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second coating. For example, a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer within the first coating layer may have a melting point greater than about 150 degree Celsius and a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer within the second coating layer a melting point of about 110 degree Celsius. In some embodiments, the difference in melting points between the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymers within the first and second coating layer is at least 5 degree Celsius, such as 10 degree Celsius, such as 15 degree Celsius, such as at least 20 degree Celsius. In an embodiment of the invention the coating procedure, i.e. adding biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer to the mixer and subsequent lowering the temperature of the coated particles, is followed by a step of adding outer protective layer material to the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means, prior to proceeding with the cooling step in order to produce particulate infill material comprising at least one bio- coating layer and an outer protective layer. Also, the invention relates to a method for forming an artificial turf, the method comprising the steps of placing a base mat comprising straw means on a surface, placing particulate infill material according to the invention between said straw means. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises a step of maintaining the artificial turf. A step of maintenance may include reprocessing of infill material, such as by collecting used infill material, re-coating the material and redistributing the infill material on the artificial turf. Alternatively a step of maintenance may include collecting the used infill material, processing the used infill material in order to facilitate recycling of particle core and polymeric coating material for other purposes, redistributing new infill material on the artificial turf. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises a step of enabling degradation of the bio-coating layer(s) being biodegradable. In an embodiment of the invention, the degradation of the biodegradable bio-coating layer(s) is enabled by placing the base mat in natural surroundings. In an embodiment of the invention, the degradation of the biodegradable bio-coating layer(s) is enabled by placing the base mat on an outdoor ground. In an embodiment of the invention, the degradation of the biodegradable bio-coating layer(s) is enabled by distributing a degradation accelerator over the biodegradable infill material across the area of the artificial turf. As understood here, enabling degradation refer to the facilitation of biodegradation such as by placing or exposing the artificial turf to natural surroundings and weather conditions, such as by placing the base mat on an outdoor surface, such as by placing the base mat on a non-covered or non-shielded surface. Degradation may further be enabled by external application of a degradation accelerator, such as by distributing a degradation accelerator over the biodegradable infill material across the area of the artificial turf. An artificial turf installed according to the above method may biodegrade over time. Thus, the artificial turf may have a lower impact on the environment. Also, the artificial turf may advantageously not contribute to any contamination of the surrounding environment, such as any contamination with microplastic. Furthermore, the artificial turf may be more easily taken down, as the particulate infill material can be directly recycled and used for other purposes, such as landscaping or as topdressing for natural turfs, for example golf turfs or sports fields including football fields. FIGURE LIST Embodiments of the invention will be described by way of non-limiting examples in the following, with references to the figures, in which: fig 1: illustrates an example of an artificial turf comprising particulate infill material, fig 2 illustrates a further example of an artificial turf comprising particulate infill material, fig 3: illustrates a cross-sectional view of coated particle with one bio-coating layer, fig 4: illustrates a cross-sectional view of a coated particle with two bio-coating layers, and fig 5: illustrates a cross-sectional view of a coated particle with two bio-coating layers and an outer protective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Fig. 1 shows an example of an artificial turf 1. The artificial turf 1 comprises a base mat 2 with straw means 3 secured to the base mat 2, thereby constituting artificial grass fibers. The base mat 2 with straw means 3 is resting on a ground 4. A particulate infill material 5 of the invention is distributed among the straw means 3 on top of the base mat 3. The particulate infill material 5 consists of a plurality of coated particles, each coated particle comprising a particle core and at least one bio-coating layer. Fig. 2 shows an example of an artificial turf 1. The artificial turf 1 comprises a base mat 2 with straw means 3 secured to the base mat, thereby constituting artificial grass fibers. The base mat 2 with straw means 3 is resting on a ground 4. A particulate infill material 5 is distributed among the straw means 3 on top of the base mat 2 to form a ballast infill layer 6 and a performance infill layer 7. In this example, the particulate infill material 5 of the invention constitute both the ballast infill layer 6 and the performance infill layer 7. It is understood that it is within the scope of the invention that the particulate infill material 5, may constitute either or both the ballast infill layer 6 and/or the performance infill layer 7. Fig.3 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of coated particle 8 of the particulate infill material 5. The coated particle 8 comprises a particle core 9 and a first bio-coating layer 10a. It is understood, that the bio-coating layer may be biodegradable and/or bio-based. It is understood from the figure that the first bio-coating layer 10a is adhering to the particle core 9. The coating layer may be a coherent layer, a somewhat coherent layer or a more web-like structure. Fig.4 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of coated particle 8 of the particulate infill material 5. The coated particle 8 comprises a particle core 9, a first bio-coating layer 10a and a second bio-coating layer 10b. It is understood, that the bio-coating layers may be biodegradable and/or bio-based. It is understood from the figure that the first bio-coating layer 10a is adhering to the particle core 9 and that the second bio-coating layer 10b is adhering to the first bio- coating layer 10a. The coating layer(s) may be a coherent layer, a somewhat coherent layer or a more web-like structure. It is understood that the transition from the first bio-coating layer 10a to the second bio-coating layer 10b may be somewhat transitional. Transitional may be understood as any degree of fusion or mixing of the two layers, which may happen for example during the coating process. In the present context, fusion or mixing may include any degree of chemical reaction between the two layers. Fig 5 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of a coated particle 8 of the particulate infill material 5. The coated particle 8 comprises a first bio-coating layer 10a, a second bio-coating layer 10b and an outer protective layer 11. It is understood, that the bio-coating layer may be biodegradable and/or bio-based. It is understood from the figure that the first bio-coating layer 10a is adhering to the particle core 9, that the second bio-coating layer 10b is adhering to the first bio-coating layer 10a and that the outer protective layer is adhering to the second bio-coating layer 10b. The coating layer(s) may be a coherent layer, a somewhat coherent layer or a more web-like structure. It is understood that the transition from the first bio-coating layer 10a to the second bio-coating layer 10b and the transition from the second bio-coating layer 10b to the outer protective layer may be somewhat transitional. Transitional may be understood as any degree of fusion or mixing of the two layers, which may happen for example during the coating process. In the present context, fusion or mixing may include any degree of chemical reaction between the two layers. It is understood that a the outer protective layer 11 shown in figure 5, may be applied to any particles with one or more bio-coating layers, for example a coated particle 8 of a particulate infill material 5 as shown in fig.3, with a particle core 9 and a first bio- coating layer 10a. It is further understood that the coated particle 8 according to the invention may comprise a multitude of bio-coating layers, in addition to the first bio-coating layer 10a and the second bio-coating layer 10b. EXAMPLES: Non-limiting examples of infill material compositions according to the present invention are given in the following examples. Also, non-limiting examples of the method according to the present invention are given below. Example 1: General description of preparation of the particle core material A batch of particle core material was added to a mixer, whereafter a sufficient amount of water was added to make a suspension of the particle core material. After a predefined mixing time, water and impurities were filtered of using a sieve with openings of suitable size. The washing procedure can be repeated and/or the mixing time adjusted to obtain the desired mineral content of higher than 95% by weight of the particle core. Chemical analysis using X-ray diffraction was performed on a dried sample of the washed particle core material to determine mineral content. Alternatively, particle core material having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core may be supplied. Example 2: Examples of compositions suitable for particulate infill material comprising one coating layer: Table 1: Examples of compositions suitable for particulate infill material comprising one coating layer. Silica sand may be exchanged for an alternative particle core having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core. The used polymer(s) may be biodegradable and/or bio-based. The biodegradable polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. The bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL- lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. The biodegradable and bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may be added to the above examples of particle infill material ingredients.
Table 2: Examples of compositions suitable for particulate infill material comprising two coating layers. Silica sand may be exchanged for an alternative particle core having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core. The used polymer(s) may be biodegradable and/or bio-based. The biodegradable polymeric identity of the coating layer 1 and coating layer 2 may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. The bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL- lactide] (PDLLA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid] (PET), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate- co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. The biodegradable and bio-based polymeric identity may be selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may be added to the above examples of particle infill material ingredients. Example 3: General example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising one coating layer: A batch of particle core material having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the particle core was heated to a temperature between 100 and 300 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, particle core material was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of 0.5% to 10% by weight of the particle core material, of a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued. After about specified time period, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous. The coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow was continued until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container was about 60 degree Celsius, and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve specified openings. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) to the mixing container. Alternatively to the above-described batch process for producing the particulate infill material of the invention, a continuous process in e.g. a rotating oven could be applied. Example 4: General example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising multiple coating layers: A batch of particle core material having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the particle core was heated to a temperature between 100 and 300 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, particle core material was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of less than 10%by weight of the particle core material, of a biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued. After a specified time period, the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous. The coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container was below the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer in the first coating layer, but still sufficiently above the melting temperature of the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second coating layer. An amount of less than 10% by weight of the particle core, of biodegradable polymeric material was added to the coated particles of the mixing container, whereafter the temperature was maintained and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued until the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer coating of the coated particle was considered to be homogeneous. The coating procedure may be repeated if further coating layers are anticipated. The multiple coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature was about 60 degree Celsius, and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with specified openings. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer to the mixing container. Alternatively to the above-described batch process for producing the particulate infill material of the invention, a continuous process in e.g. a rotating oven could be applied. Example 5: Example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising one coating layer: A batch of 500 kg of silica sand having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the silica sand, was heated to about 250 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, the silica sand was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of 10 kg, 2% by weight of the silica sand, of a polylactic acid (PLA)* in pellets of approximately 3 millimetres diameter was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued. After about 20 minutes, the biodegradable polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous, and 37.5 litres of water, 7.5% by weight of the silica sand, was added to the mixing container and instantly lowered the temperature under the development of steam. After 3 minutes of agitation, an airflow of ambient air at ambient temperature of 22 degree Celsius was directed through the content of the mixer, causing the water to evaporate and the steam to be ventilated out of the mixing container. The airflow was continued until the temperature of the content of the mixing container was about 60 degree Celsius, and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with openings of 1.2 millimetres**. *PLA may be exchanges for any biodegradable polymer selected from a group consisting of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. The skilled person would know how to adjust the heating temperature within the disclosed method based on the melting point(s) of the biodegradable polymer(s) within the bio-coating layer. **Shaking sieve may have openings, such as 5 mm, such as 2 mm. Alternatively, if a biodegradable and bio-based coated infill material is pursued, PLA may be provided as bio-based PLA. In such case, PLA may be exchanged for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D- lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. Example 6: Example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising one biodegradable bio-coating layer: A batch of 500 kg of silica sand having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the silica sand, was heated to about 250 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, the silica sand was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of 5 kg, 1% by weight of the silica sand, of polylactic acid (PLA)* and 5 kg, 1% by weight of the silica sand, of PBAT*, were added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued. After about 20 minutes, the biodegradable polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous, and 37.5 litres of water, 7.5% by weight of the silica sand, was added to the mixing container and instantly lowered the temperature under the development of steam. After 3 minutes of agitation, an airflow of ambient air at ambient temperature of 22 degree Celsius was directed through the content of the mixer, causing the water to evaporate and the steam to be ventilated out of the mixing container. The airflow was continued until the temperature of the content of the mixing container was about 60 degree Celsius and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with openings of 1.2 millimetres. *PLA and/or PBAT may be exchanges for any biodegradable polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D- lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of biodegradable polymer to the particle core material. The skilled person would know how to adjust the heating temperature within the disclosed method based on the melting point(s) of the biodegradable polymer(s) within the bio-coating layer. **Shaking sieve may have openings, such as 5 mm, such as 2 mm. Alternatively, if a biodegradable and bio-based coated infill material is pursued, PLA may be provided as bio-based PLA. In such case, PLA may be exchanges for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. PBAT is exchanged for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p- dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. Example 7: Example of preparation of particulate infill material comprising two biodegradable bio-coating layers: A batch of 500 kg of silica sand having a mineral content of 95% by weight of the silica sand, was heated to about 250 degrees Celsius in a pre-heating unit. When the temperature was reached, the silica sand was let into a mixer having a mixing container of a cylindrical inner cross-section, in which mixing means under continuous operation caused agitation of the content of the mixer. An amount of 5 kg, 1% by weight of the silica sand, of a Polylactic acid (PLA)* in pellets was added to the mixing container and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued. After about 20 minutes, the biodegradable polymer coating of the particle core was considered to be homogeneous. The coated particles were cooled using airflow until the temperature of the coated particles of the mixing container was about 135 degrees Celsius. An amount of 5 kg, 1% by weight of the silica sand, of a Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)* in pellets was added to the coated particles in the mixing container, whereafter the temperature was maintained and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued until the second biodegradable polymer coating of the coated particle was considered to be homogeneous. The coated particles comprising two biodegradable bio-coating layers were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature was about 60 degree Celsius and the water content was below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with specified openings. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during any of the additions of biodegradable polymer to the mixing container. *PLA and/or PBAT may be exchanges for any biodegradable polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D- lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly-[vinylalcohol] (PVOH), poly[3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co- adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. The skilled person would know how to adjust heating temperatures and cooling temperatures within the disclosed method based on the melting points of the biodegradable polymers within each biodegradable bio-coating layer. **Shaking sieve may have openings, such as 5 mm, such as 2 mm. Alternatively, if a biodegradable and bio-based coated infill material is pursued, PLA may be provided as bio-based PLA. In such case, PLA may be exchanges for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. PBAT is exchanged for any biodegradable and bio-based polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide] (PDLA), poly [DL-lactide] (PDLLA), poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), Poly[hydroxybutyrate)] (PHB), poly[glycolic acid] (PGA), poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate] (PBSA), Poly[p-dioxanone] (PPDO), cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof. Example 8: General example of adding the outer protective layer The coated particles comprising at least one bio-coating layer were cooled using water and/or airflow until a desired temperature was reached, i.e. a temperature sufficiently higher than the melting point of the major component of outer protective layer. Ingredient(s) of the outer protective layer was/were added to the coated particles of the mixing container, whereafter the temperature was maintained and the agitation by means of the mixing means was continued until the outer protective layer was considered to be homogeneous. The multiple coated particles were cooled using water and/or airflow until the temperature was sufficiently below the melting temperature of the major ingredient of the outer protective layer, where after the content was let out onto a shaking sieve with specified openings. Additive(s) and/or filler(s) may optionally be added during the addition of the ingredient(s) of the outer protective layer to the mixing container. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 Artificial turf 2 Base mat 3 Straw means 4 Ground 5 Particulate infill material 6 Ballast infill layer 7 Performance infill layer 8 Coated particle 9 Particle core 10a First bio-coating layer 10b Second bio-coating layer 11 Outer protective layer

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), wherein said particulate infill material (5) comprises a plurality of coated particles (8) each including a particle core (9) and a first bio-coating layer (10a), wherein said particle core (9) has a mineral content higher than 95% by weight of the particle core (9), and wherein said first bio- coating is biodegradable and/or bio-based.
2. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to claim 1, wherein the water-content of the particulate infill material (5) is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material (5).
3. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the claims 1 or 2, wherein the particulate infill material (5) has a bulk density higher than 1.0 ton/m3.
4. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate infill material (5) has a bulk density between 1.0 and 2.0 ton/m3. 5. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the coated particles (8) have a subangular or rounded shape. 6. A particulate infill material for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the coated particles (8) have a particle size below 5.0 mm. 7. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate infill material (5) has an average particle size between 0.
5 and 2.0 mm, such as between 0.
6 and 1.
7 mm., such as between 0.8 and 1.2 mm.
8. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate infill material (5) comprises less than 10% by weight of coated particles (8) having a particle size below 0.5 mm.
9. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate infill material (5) comprises more than 50% by weight of coated particles (8) having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, such as more than 60% by weight of coated particles (8) having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, such as more than 70% by weight of coated particles (8) having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, such as more than 80% by weight of coated particles (8) having a particle size between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm.
10. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particle core (9) is selected from the group consisting of mineral grains and sands.
11. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particle core (9) has a particle size below 5 mm.
12. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particle core (9) is sand.
13. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the particle core (9) is silica sand.
14. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer (10a,) constitutes on average at least 0.5% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 1% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 2% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 5% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
15. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer (10a) constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
16. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between
0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
17. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer (10a) covers at least 10% of the particle surface, such as at least 20% of the particle surface, such as at least 30% of the particle surface, such as at least 40% of the particle surface, such as at least 50% of the particle surface, such as least 60% of the particle surface, such as at least 70% of the particle surface, such as least 80% of the particle surface, such as at least 90% of the particle surface.
18. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer (10a) covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface.
19. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer (10a) is homogenously distributed over the particle surface.
20. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the softening temperature of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is higher than 60 degree Celsius, such as higher than 70 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
21. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer (10a) comprise at least a first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer.
22. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer (10a,) comprise at least a second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer.
23. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims wherein the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
24. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims wherein the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
25. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims wherein the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
26. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is higher than 60 degree Celsius, such as higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
27. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is higher than 60 degree Celsius, such as higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
28. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the melt flow index of the first biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
29. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the melt flow index of the second biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
30. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable.
31. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating is/are biodegradable.
32. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer is bio-based.
33. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating is/are bio-based.
34. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio-based.
35. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating is/are biodegradable and bio-based.
36. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is/are biodegradable and selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polybutylene succinate, poly-[D- lactide], poly [DL-lactide], poly-[vinylalcohol], poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate], Poly[hydroxybutyrate)], polycaprolactone, poly[glycolic acid], poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate], Poly[p-dioxanone], cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
37. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is/are bio- based and selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide], poly [DL-lactide], polyethylene, polypropylene, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3-hydroxyvalerate], poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid], poly[hydroxybutyrate)], poly[glycolic acid], poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate], poly[p-dioxanone], cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof .
38. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the first bio-coating layer (10a) is/are biodegradable and bio-based and selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polybutylene succinate, poly-[D-lactide], poly [DL-lactide], poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate], poly[hydroxybutyrate)], poly[glycolic acid], poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate], poly[p-dioxanone], cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
39. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the coated particles (8) comprise at least a second bio- coating layer (10b).
40. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer (10b,) constitutes on average at least 0.5% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 1% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 2% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 5% by weight of the particle core (9), such as on average at least 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
41. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer (10b) constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
42. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the particle core, such as between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 4% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 3% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2.5% by weight of the particle core, between 1% and 2% by weight of the particle core.
43. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer (10b) covers at least 10% of the particle surface, such as at least 20% of the particle surface, such as at least 30% of the particle surface, such as at least 40% of the particle surface, such as at least 50% of the particle surface, such as least 60% of the particle surface, such as at least 70% of the particle surface, such as least 80% of the particle surface, such as at least 90% of the particle surface.
44. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer (10b) covers from 10% to 100% of the particle surface.
45. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer (10b) is homogenously distributed over the particle surface.
46. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the softening temperature of the second bio-coating layer (10b) is higher than 60 degree Celsius, such as higher than 70 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
47. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer (10b) comprise at least a first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer.
48. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer (10b,) comprise at least a second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer.
49. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims wherein the biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer (10b) constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
50. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims wherein the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer (10b) constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
51. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims wherein the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer constitutes on average between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the particle core (9).
52. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the softening temperature of the first biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer (10a) is higher than 60 degree Celsius, such as higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
53. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the softening temperature of the second biodegradable and/or bio-based polymer of the second bio-coating layer (10b) is higher than 60 degree Celsius, such as higher than 70 degree Celsius, such as higher than 80 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 90 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 100 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 120 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 150 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 180 degrees Celsius, such as higher than 200 degrees Celsius.
54. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the melt flow index of the first biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the second bio-coating layer (10b) is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
55. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the melt flow index of the second biodegradable and/or bio- based polymer of the second bio-coating layer (10b) is between 1 and 1000 g/10 min (190 degree Celsius / 2.16 kg).
56. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable.
57. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are biodegradable.
58. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer is bio-based.
59. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are bio-based.
60. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second bio-coating layer is biodegradable and bio- based.
61. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating is/are biodegradable and bio-based.
62. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer (10b) is/are biodegradable and selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polybutylene succinate, poly-[D- lactide], poly [DL-lactide], poly-[vinylalcohol], poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate], Poly[hydroxybutyrate)], polycaprolactone, poly[glycolic acid], poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate], Poly[p-dioxanone], cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
63. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer (10a) is/are bio-based and selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly-[D-lactide], poly [DL-lactide], polyethylene, polypropylene, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3-hydroxyvalerate], poly-[ethylene terephthalic acid], Poly[hydroxybutyrate)], poly[glycolic acid], poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate], Poly[p-dioxanone], cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof .
64. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer(s) of the second bio-coating layer (10a) is/are biodegradable and bio-based and selected from a group consisting of polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polybutylene succinate, poly-[D-lactide], poly [DL-lactide], poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate], poly[hydroxybutyrate)], poly[glycolic acid], poly[butylene succinate-co-adipate], poly[p-dioxanone], cellulose, lignin, starch, protein, polysaccharide, collagen, gluten, chitin or combination or modifications thereof.
65. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the coated particles (8) comprise an outer protective layer (11).
66. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the outer protective layer (11) is hydrophobic.
67. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the outer protective layer (11) is homogenously distributed over the bio-coating layer (10a, 10b) of the coated particle (8).
68. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the coated particles (8) further comprise one or more additives.
69. A particulate infill material (5) for artificial turf (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the coated particles (8) further comprise one or more fillers.
70. An artificial turf (1) comprising the particulate infill material (5) according to any one or more of claims 1-69 as infill material.
71. An artificial turf (1), according to claim 70, wherein the particulate infill material (5) is used as performance infill layer (7).
72. An artificial turf (1), according to any of claims 70 or 71, wherein the particulate infill material (5) is used as ballast infill layer (6).
73. An artificial turf (1), according to any of the claims 70-72, wherein the particulate infill material (5) is used as combined performance infill layer (7) and ballast infill layer (6).
74. An artificial turf (1), according to any of the claims 70-73, wherein the biodegradability rate of the particulate infill material (5) can be controlled by external application of degradation inhibitor or accelerator.
75. The use of a particulate infill material (5) according to any one or more of the preceding claims in artificial turf (1) suitable for sports fields.
76. A method of producing the particulate infill material (5) according to any one or more of the claims 1-69, the method comprising the steps of: - providing a portion of particulate core material having a mineral content higher than 95% by weight, - heating the portion of particulate core material to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 300 degrees Celsius, - placing the portion of particulate core material in a mixer comprising mixing means, - adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymers and optionally additives and fillers to the content of the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means, - adding water and/or directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content.
77. The method according to claim 76, wherein the steps of adding biodegradable and/or bio-based coating polymers and optionally additives and fillers and of adding water and/or directing an airflow through the content of the mixer are repeated.
78. The method according to any of the claims 76 or 77, wherein the method further comprises the steps of: - adding outer protective layer material to the mixer under continued operation of the mixing means - adding water and/or directing an airflow through the content of the mixer so as to lower the temperature of said content.
79. The method according to any of the claims 76-78, wherein the portion of particulate core material is heated to a temperature within the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius, such as within the range of 150 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius, such as within the range of 200 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius.
80. The method according to any of the claims 76-79, wherein directing airflow through the content of the mixer is continued until the water content is below 5% by weight of the particulate infill material (5).
81. The method according to any of the claims 76-80, wherein the method further comprises a step of: - passing the particulate infill material (5) through a sieve.
82. The method according to any of the claims 76-81, wherein the coating polymers are biodegradable.
83. The method according to any of the claim 76-82, wherein the method further comprises a step of: - shielding the particulate infill material (5) from biodegradable conditions until used as infill material in an artificial turf (1).
84. A method for forming an artificial turf (1), the method comprising the steps of: - placing a base mat (2) comprising straw means (3) on a ground, - placing particulate infill material (5) according to any of the claims 1-69 between said straw means (3), - enabling degradation of the bio-coating layer(s) (10a, 10b), wherein the bio- coating layer(s) are biodegradable.
85. The method according to claim 84, wherein degradation of the bio-coating layer(s) (10a, 10b) is enabled by placing the base mat (2) in natural surroundings.
86. The method according to any of the claims 84 or 85, wherein degradation of the bio-coating layer(s) (10a, 10b) is enabled by placing the base mat (2) on an outdoor ground.
87. The method according to any of the claims 84-86, wherein degradation of the bio- coating layer(s) (10a, 10b) is enabled by distributing a degradation accelerator over the particulate infill material (5) across the area of the artificial turf (1).
EP21778352.1A 2020-09-21 2021-09-21 A particulate infill material Pending EP4214175A1 (en)

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KR100486892B1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2005-05-06 그린스웰 주식회사 Color Coating alloy Using Natural Plant Dye and Method of Preparing the Same
US20080176009A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-07-24 Chereau Loic F Multi-layered resin coated sand
CN108779387B (en) * 2015-11-23 2022-07-01 艾纳沃技术有限责任公司 Coated particles and methods of making and using the same
US20170319943A1 (en) * 2016-05-05 2017-11-09 The Land Solution Artificial turf system and method of installing same
KR102018068B1 (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-09-04 주식회사 디와이에코 Manufacturing method of hybrid filler for artificial turf and hybrid filler for artificial turf using the same, installation method for the same

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