EP4211012A1 - Système et procédé pour la détection de défauts dans des guides d'ondes allongés - Google Patents
Système et procédé pour la détection de défauts dans des guides d'ondes allongésInfo
- Publication number
- EP4211012A1 EP4211012A1 EP21782442.4A EP21782442A EP4211012A1 EP 4211012 A1 EP4211012 A1 EP 4211012A1 EP 21782442 A EP21782442 A EP 21782442A EP 4211012 A1 EP4211012 A1 EP 4211012A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- node
- nodes
- fault
- messages
- local
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/044—Broken rails
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/045—Rail wear
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
- B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0025—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the monitoring of structures by non-destructive testing, and relates in particular to the monitoring of structures comprising elongated waveguides.
- the rail is a critical elongated structure whose integrity must be monitored. Subjected to very strong thermomechanical stresses (e.g. internal stresses due to thwarted thermal expansion, passage of trains), the rail sections wear out over time and can sometimes be subject to severe breakage. The condition of the tracks must be monitored to reduce or even eliminate the risk of derailment.
- the maintenance of a railway network represents a major challenge in terms of cost and safety for railway operators.
- Breakage detection is currently carried out by an electrical system called a "track circuit", which consists of circulating a weak electric current in the rails.
- a track circuit which consists of circulating a weak electric current in the rails.
- This system thus makes it possible to ensure that the track is free, or that there is not a wagon lost by a preceding train, and therefore that the train can enter the section of track.
- this system can detect part of the rail breaks (when the electrical discontinuity is large enough), but not necessarily all the damage suffered by the rails in operation.
- this approach has limitations.
- Another known approach for detecting faults in the rails consists in placing along the rail transducers (which can be designated as sensors) emitting guided elastic waves propagating over long distances ( typically 1 km), and which are connected to electronic devices (an electronic device is also referred to as an "electronic node” in the sense of a "hub” pooling electronic resources), all the electronic devices constituting a network of nodes configured to process measurement signals received from at least one transducer.
- the waves interact with the defects, and the signals diffracted by their analysis make it possible to detect and locate them.
- the optical fiber induces a vulnerability that will lead to a complex maintenance device.
- the addition or removal of knots is an excessively delicate operation because the knots are chained. It necessarily requires a cabling operation on the fiber.
- the optical fiber being intrinsically fragile, it is unsuitable for use in harsh environments.
- the present invention can be used for monitoring cables, pipes or any other elongated structure, that is to say having a privileged direction, which can act as an elastic waveguide, and for which the technique of monitoring is based on the analysis of guided elastic waves.
- the analysis of wave propagation provides information on the integrity of the waveguide and therefore on the presence or not of a defect.
- Different industrial structures are in the form of elongated elastic waveguides: for example a rail in the railway field or in gantry-type structures.
- a pipe carrying a fluid is also an elongated structure for which it can be critical to ensure integrity (especially in the oil or nuclear fields).
- the invention can be applied to the monitoring of cables, for example for passenger transport systems (cable car or other).
- An object of the present invention is a fault detection device in an elongated waveguide, in particular a railway track, based on the analysis of elastic waves.
- the device of the invention is compact and offers simplified deployment and maintenance.
- the device is composed of separate elements allowing “plug-and-play” type installation and updates. It is thus possible to add or remove one or more elements without consequent modification of the general installation. This type of modification can easily be carried out by software, where, by contrast, the known systems are "chained", i.e. requiring delicate operations where necessary (eg on the optical fiber, in terms of radio routing, etc.) .
- the costs of deploying and maintaining the device according to the invention are therefore significantly reduced compared to existing systems.
- the device of the invention comprises a set of electronic devices installed along a structure to be monitored, constituting a network of nodes configured to: transmit and receive signals; driving guided elastic wave transducers; processing measurement signals received from at least one transducer; and communicate according to a low power consumption communication protocol the messages to a server distant.
- the remote server is configured to: combine messages containing local diagnostic information performed by electronic nodes; and carry out a global and precise fault diagnosis by aggregating the local diagnoses.
- each node comprises an energy source, elastic wave emission means, elastic wave measurement means, storage means, signal processing means for detecting faults , communication means with low energy consumption to communicate via an antenna adapted to a remote server, an antenna for the reception of signals of the GNSS type (Geolocation and Navigation by a Satellite System).
- GNSS Global System for Mobile communications
- the present invention allows a simplified deployment, saving energy during operation, i.e. not requiring an electrical network, limiting the size of the batteries, and having low constraints in terms of telecommunication coverage.
- communication protocols with low energy consumption such as for example the “LoRaWAN” protocol which is the acronym for “Long Range Wide-area network” or “long-range extended network”.
- LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Network
- Low energy consumption communication protocols use free radio frequencies, they are therefore inexpensive in terms of deployment, and it is possible to deploy them on a site if no pre-existing network is available there, unlike 4G deployments.
- the device of the present invention is configured so that fault detection algorithms are embedded in each electronic node to carry out local diagnostics and to upload the result to a remote server.
- the messages generated by the nodes can be limited to a few bits (ie provide binary YES/NO information indicating that the elongated waveguide is or is not damaged) or contain a few bytes (ie provide a slightly more elaborate message containing finer information, for example on a fault criticality level, a location, a type, etc.).
- a remote server retrieves the messages from the nodes, in order to pool the local information fed back by each node, and refine the diagnosis to guarantee the detection of real faults and limit false positives.
- the embodiments of the invention make it possible to carry out locally by each node a local fault diagnosis, to transmit to a remote server by a communication protocol with low energy consumption simplified information on the state of health of the node and a portion of the elongated waveguide reduced to a few nodes.
- the method of the invention After analysis and processing at the server level (or by a supervisor module) of all the basic information received, the method of the invention makes it possible to determine the presence of a probable defect, whether it is a clear break, a primer breakage or wear, and allow a decision to be taken accordingly (for example traffic stoppage on a railway line, maintenance programming, etc.).
- the embodiments of the invention make it possible to detect and locate breakage primers (eg of the crack type), making it possible to anticipate an upcoming break and plan maintenance operations (repair/replacement of the damaged zone ) or monitoring over time. In this way, traffic stops that are penalizing for users can be avoided.
- breakage primers eg of the crack type
- the embodiments of the invention make it possible in the railway field to detect the onset of breakage on the head and on the web of the rail thanks to the concomitant exploitation of the signals in pulse-echo and in transmission.
- a fault detection method is proposed in an elongated structure that can act as an elastic waveguide, the structure being instrumented with a plurality of transducers able to acquire measurement signals from characteristic quantities of elastic waves propagating in said elongated structure, each transducer being coupled to a electronic device, the set of electronic devices constituting a network of nodes configured to process measurement signals received from at least one transducer, the method being implemented by computer and comprising the steps consisting in:
- each electronic device comprises a signal processing circuit
- the step of performing a plurality of local diagnostics consists in implementing a fault detection algorithm by each signal processing circuit to generate a local diagnostic
- the transmission step consists in transmitting messages between the plurality of electronic devices and the remote server according to an LPWAN type protocol
- the transmission step consists in transmitting messages in LoRa format according to a LoRaWan communication protocol
- the transmission step consists of transmitting messages containing at least binary information on the presence or absence of a fault
- the aggregation step includes steps consisting of:
- group frames a group grouping together n nodes and being composed of a transmitter node and n-1 receiver nodes, a group frame having an n+1 number of bits, the value of n-1 bits corresponding to local diagnostic information received from a receiving node, and the two-bit value corresponding to right and left pulse-echo local diagnostic information received from the transmitting node;
- the method further comprises a step consisting in correcting the content of certain group frames; the step of performing a global fault diagnosis consists, from the group frames corrected or not, and the positions of the nodes in each group, in generating a global diagnosis result which lists for each group of nodes in each phase, a value representative of the state of each node of the group for each phase, making it possible to determine whether the node is healthy or faulty or whether it raises an exception; the method further comprises a step consisting in determining the location or the severity of a defect in the event of the determination of the presence of a defect. the method further comprises a step consisting in displaying the result of the overall fault diagnosis.
- the invention also covers a computer program product comprising non-transitory code instructions making it possible to perform the steps of the method of the invention, when the program is executed on a computer.
- the invention further covers a fault detection device in an elongated structure that can act as an elastic waveguide, the elongated structure being instrumented with a plurality of transducers capable of acquiring measurement signals of characteristic quantities of elastic waves propagating in said elongated structure, each transducer being coupled to an electronic device, the set of electronic devices constituting a network of nodes configured to process measurement signals received from at least one transducer, the detection device fault comprising means for implementing the steps of the method of the invention.
- the electronic device comprises at least: an energy source; an elastic wave measurement circuit; an elastic wave emission circuit; storage components; a signal processing circuit; a wireless communication circuit coupled to an antenna for sending messages according to a low energy consumption communication protocol; a GNSS receiver.
- the invention also covers a railway track condition monitoring system based on the analysis of elastic waves guided in the rails, the system comprising a plurality of fault detection devices according to the invention.
- FIG.1 illustrates an example of general architecture making it possible to implement the device according to the invention
- FIG.2 illustrates an example of implementation of the device of the invention for a railway application
- FIG. 3 illustrates different types of waves propagating between two transducers
- FIG.4 illustrates an example of the structure of an electronic node according to the invention making it possible to make a local diagnosis
- FIG.5 illustrates a firing sequence allowing the processing of LoRa type messages by the remote server
- FIG.6 illustrates another firing sequence allowing the processing of LoRa type messages by the remote server
- FIG.7 illustrates a flowchart of the general steps of the method of the invention in one embodiment.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a general architecture 100 of the main components of the system of the invention grouping together a plurality of electronic nodes (111 -1 to 111 -n) configured for the implementation of the principles of the invention, and able to communicate with a remote server 110 by wireless communication means configured to transmit and receive signals according to a communication protocol with low energy consumption such as an LPWAN protocol.
- a communication protocol with low energy consumption such as an LPWAN protocol.
- the system of the invention further comprises means 112 coupled (ie coupling to the ADSL internet, fibre, etc.) to the remote server 110, making it possible to recover data from the electronic nodes received by the server for display of results for an end user on a Human-Machine Interface (HMI).
- HMI Human-Machine Interface
- each node makes a local analysis according to its local knowledge, and in particular according to its own state, the knowledge of the transmitting node and the measured signals.
- a local diagnosis can generate different cases of false positives, for example if a transmitter node fails during remission, its neighboring receiver node will not pick up a signal and will consider that the elongated waveguide is broken.
- a global diagnosis is carried out at a level having knowledge of the state of the complete system, allowing a reliable decision.
- the remote server 110 by the feedback of information from the plurality of electronic nodes, has the level of global knowledge of the system making it possible to carry out the global diagnosis.
- the remote server 110 is configured as an application programming interface (API) implemented by a software library which allows communication with the electronic nodes for, on the one hand, retrieving/receiving the results of the acquisitions of the nodes, and on the other hand to transmit to them some specific instructions.
- API application programming interface
- the overall decision-making can take place at the level of the server or at the level of the HMI which then includes means for processing the information from the server.
- the global decision making can be divided into a pre-processing at the level of the server 110 and a post-processing at the level of the HMI 112.
- Figure 2 illustrates an example of implementation of the device of the invention for a railway application.
- this example is not limiting and the man Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the implementation described to any other application implementing an elongated structure that can act as an elastic waveguide.
- the waveguide is a rail.
- Figure 2 shows nodes 21 1 -1 , 211 -2 deployed along a railway track 200, communicating with a remote server 210 to send local diagnostic information according to a LoRa protocol.
- a remote server 210 to send local diagnostic information according to a LoRa protocol.
- a plurality of electronic nodes are installed along the track, typically every kilometer.
- One or each pilot node ie is in communication with, one or more transducers (21 1 1 -1, 21 1 1 -2), transmits and/or receives signals, and communicates with a remote server 210 connected to a train traffic control station 212 making it possible to send an alert in the event of a serious defect identified on a rail.
- the information is sent to a maintenance center or to the control station 212 to monitor the progression of the severity and plan a repair or a replacement of the rail.
- Elastic wave transducers are arranged on each rail of the track.
- the term "on” refers to one or more locations selected from: under the head either on the inner web of the rail and/or on the outer web of the rail, under the rail.
- two transducers (21 1 1 -1, 21 1 1 -2) are arranged respectively on two rails 201, 202 close to the first node 21 1 -1
- two transducers (21 12-1, 21 12-2) are arranged respectively on the two rails 201, 202 close to the second node 21 1 -2.
- transducers can be arranged on the rails of a second railway track for the movement of trains in the other direction, these transducers being able to be coupled to the same electronic nodes as the first railway track.
- a transducer is a device that converts one physical signal into another.
- transducers There are a wide variety of transducers.
- an electromagnetic acoustic transducer in English “ElectroMagneto-Acoustic Transducer”, acronym EMAT) can constitute an alternative to the use of a piezoelectric transducer (acronym PZT).
- a transducer can be placed or fixed under the head of the rail.
- the advantage of positioning close to the mushroom lies in the fact that the propagation takes place over a greater distance than in the core.
- a transducer can be affixed to the rail (for example an EMAT sensor that does not require glue), temporarily glued (for example a PZT sensor) or permanently to the rail (rail instrumented ex-factory or on site).
- a transducer can be placed or fixed on the internal and/or external web of the rail.
- the transducers can be placed on both sides of the rail web, on the internal face or on the external face. Nevertheless, due to the existence of rail-road vehicles, which have wheels encroaching on the outer side, it may be advantageous to place or fix the transducers on the inner side.
- the advantage of positioning on the internal wall of the rail web lies in the fact that external attacks are less likely than external ones. Nevertheless, the positions of the transducers can be variable (either temporarily or permanently). For example certain areas (e.g. high speed, bends, tunnel entrance, etc) can be densely instrumented.
- An advantageous embodiment consists in using removable transducers, which can for example be removed during maintenance operations.
- the characterization of one or more defects can be obtained by varying one or more positions of the transducers and/or by selecting certain transducers from among the plurality of transducers available.
- FIG 3 illustrates different types of waves propagating between two transducers 2111 -1 and 2112-1.
- Each transducer can function as both a transmitter and a receiver.
- Several signals can then be used, these signals corresponding to: a wave 311, 313 transmitted from the transmitter 2111 -1 to the receiver 2112-1 and vice versa, as well as a reflected wave 312 when a transmitter 2111 -1 (or the 2112 -1 ) operates in pulse-echo (the same transducer acting as transmitter and receiver).
- the acousto-elastic field designates the field of mechanical waves (sound, ultrasound, etc.) which propagate in a solid medium.
- mechanical waves sound, ultrasound, etc.
- the presence and/or absence of a transmitted and/or reflected wave provides information on the presence or absence of a local fault.
- the absence of a transmitted wave provides information on a complete (or at least very severe) break in the rail between two transducers 21 1 1 -1 and 21 12-1 , but does not provide information on the location of the break.
- the travel time of the reflected wave allows precise location of the breakage, the diagnosis being possibly reinforced by the reflected wave emitted by a transducer located on the other rail (for example 2112-2).
- the transmitted wave 313 makes it possible to detect and possibly locate a fault 300 or even to characterize it (estimate its severity) , but this requires knowing precisely the travel time of the wave.
- the receiver of a node needs to know precisely the emission top of the wave in order to calculate the signal observation window and measure the time of route.
- the synchronization between transmitter and receiver must generally be less than a microsecond.
- the measurements are performed substantially simultaneously by the transducers: the synchronization can be pre-arranged (arranged by circuits positioned along the track) or post-synchronized (by time shift). In both cases, a very precise clock is advantageously implemented.
- the elastic waves follow (or come from) different propagation paths in the rail, and the measurements are carried out in pulse-echo, or in transmission, from transducers placed on the core of the rail and/or under the rail head.
- Figure 4 illustrates an example of the structure of an electronic node 1 1 1 according to the invention making it possible to carry out a local diagnosis.
- a node 111 comprises: an energy source 400 (eg battery-type power supply, solar panels, access to an external power supply, etc.); an electronic circuit comprising a circuit 410 for measuring waves rubber bands; a circuit 412 for transmitting elastic waves; storage components 414; a signal processing circuit 416 (FPGA, CPU or other for processing the signals received); a wireless communication circuit 418 (eg LoRa) coupled to an appropriate antenna 419 to send messages according to a communication protocol with low energy consumption; a GNSS receiver 420, for example of the GPS type including an antenna circuit 421 and on-board electronics.
- an energy source 400 eg battery-type power supply, solar panels, access to an external power supply, etc.
- an electronic circuit comprising a circuit 410 for measuring waves rubber bands; a circuit 412 for transmitting elastic waves; storage components 414; a signal processing circuit 416 (FPGA, CPU or other for processing the signals received); a wireless communication circuit 418 (eg LoRa) coupled to an appropriate antenna 419 to send messages according
- a node is coupled to at least one transducer (e.g. 2111) of guided elastic waves, which is for example installed on a rail near the node.
- transducer e.g. 2111
- the calculation or signal processing circuit 416 is associated with calculation and/or memory resources 414.
- the energy source 400 can be provided by dynamo systems recharged by the passage of trains on the railway and/or by one or more photovoltaic panels and/or by one or more wind masts.
- the GNSS circuit 420 can be shared between several nodes.
- a satellite positioning system known as GNSS (for Geolocation and Navigation by a Satellite System) is based on a constellation of artificial satellites making it possible to provide a user or a circuit (via a portable receiver) with its position. , its speed and time.
- the GNSS circuits are associated with the transducers in such a way as to precisely timestamp the signals measured by the transducers, while guaranteeing sub-microsecond synchronization between two nodes several kilometers apart (the distance does not matter so much that there is GNSS coverage on the two nodes considered).
- the time-stamping circuits and/or the calculation circuits and/or the GNSS circuits can be variously distributed in space (eg existence of centers, fully distributed system, hierarchical arrangement between nodes) .
- the signal processing circuit 416 embedded in each node makes it possible, from the signals emanating from the elastic waves received from close neighboring nodes, to make a local diagnosis, concerning the presence or not of a fault locally.
- the local computing circuit 416 is configured to determine or detect the existence of one or more local defects over a length of rail including a few transducers, from synchronized measurements of the elastic waves propagating in the rail.
- a local fault can be determined - its existence, its location, its category - by applying predefined thresholds, said predefined thresholds being determined by reference to a real state, for example with respect to a state of the rail which is known as healthy or relative to a calibrated state of said rail, or by reference to a simulated state of the rail.
- a defect can be characterized, in particular in terms of nature, size, orientation in space or geometry, by an analysis of amplitude and/or frequency and/or by an analysis of the shape of the signal and/or by an analysis of the frequency spectrum of the measurement signals and/or of the function representative of the impulse response of the rail and/or by the identification of a change in the mode of propagation of at least one of the waves propagating in the rail.
- a defect can in particular be oriented horizontally or vertically. Based on signal analysis, position and size can be estimated. By learning or by comparison with charts taken from mathematical or numerical models, a quantitative characterization can make it possible to determine a type of defect (corrosion, crack, discontinuity, etc.).
- the characterization of a defect can be done by differentiated diagnosis between the signal received being transmitted via the head of the rail and that being transmitted via the web of the rail. For example, if the signal is transmitted towards one end of the rail and not the other, it is possible to determine approximately the extent of the fault as well as its position in the section of the rail. If no signal is transmitted, it is likely that the break in the rail is almost complete.
- the device of the invention makes it possible to trace all local diagnoses to a supervisor (analysis module of a remote server) which aggregates all the information to allow a global diagnosis and a characterization defect statement.
- Each node having only partial information on the global system the local and simplified diagnosis carried out by a node is transmitted to the remote server in order to improve the diagnosis. Indeed, when a node does not receive a signal, the latter considers that there is a break in the rail whereas this may be due to the non-transmission of the signal by the transmitter. Also, the server which aggregates the information received from the nodes, will determine the state of said transmitting node. The analysis made at the remote server level thus makes it possible to refine fault detection and generate better decisions.
- An implementation choice can be to have messages as short as possible, containing only binary information on the state of health of each section (for example '0' for 'healthy' and '1 ' for ' damaged'). More complete messages containing additional information such as the criticality or the position of the defect can also be transmitted, at lower frequencies.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a firing sequence allowing the processing of LoRa type messages by the remote server.
- each node performs an action (transmission or reception of a signal)
- one node out of five is a transmitter ( in order to avoid any signal overlap)
- a signal transmitted by a transmitting node is received on its left by its two close neighbors on the left and on its right by its two close neighbors on the right.
- This mode of operation allows significant data redundancy, because each section between two nodes is tested 4 times out of 5. Thus, even in the event of failure of certain nodes, the area remains inspected.
- the information that is sent from a node to the server is limited to the sole information of the presence or not of a fault.
- a node depending on its 'transmitter node' or 'receiver node' state, can report one or two values.
- a node in receiver mode, a node only receives a signal from one side at a time (from the neighboring sender node) and can send a value back to the server; in transmitter mode, a node can pick up pulse-echo signals arriving from the left and the right and send two values back to the server.
- each node N o to N 7 sends to the server information on the state of the rail corresponding to the detection that it makes on the section covering its four neighboring nodes.
- the information is fragmented because the node does not know the state of the complete system (for example for a node in reception, it does not know if the transmission took place or not for example).
- the supervision module is configured to combine the local information in order to carry out a global diagnosis from the local diagnostics, and to take into account the global state of the system.
- the server is configured to gather and post-process the results of the local detections of the nodes belonging to the same group or the same set, a set being defined as grouping together a sender node and the neighboring nodes on the left and on the right receiving the signal from this transmitter.
- a group comprises 5 nodes composed of a transmitter node N n and four neighboring receiver nodes (N n+1 , N n+2 , N n _-i, N n.2 ) .
- the global diagnostic process operated by the supervisor at the server level makes it possible to gather the information received (ie the values of the bits indicating the 'RAS/Default' health status of the section covered) of the neighboring receiver nodes N n+1 , N n+2 , N n _-i , N n.2 , as well as the pulse-echo information of right N nD and left pulse-echo N nG for the sending node N n .
- the information received from a group of nodes for the same transmission allows the supervisor to compose a group frame of several bits (i.e. of 6 bits in the example of 5 nodes).
- Table (I) below illustrates the construction of a 6-bit group frame from the information fed back by five nodes.
- the frame indicates that there is no fault on the section going from node N n.2 to node N n , ie the values of N n.2 , N n -i, N nG being at “0”, and that there is a fault on the section going from node N n to node N n+2 , ie the values of N n o, N n+ i, N n+2 being at “1”.
- a '0' is placed in the frame at the corresponding position, but if the node is not known to be faulty, a procedure for test should be performed. Conversely, if data is present in a message sent by a node when this node is listed as faulty, the state of the node must be automatically validated in order to verify by the global diagnostic procedure that the data is not false, then the system state can be updated.
- the supervisor To carry out the aggregation of information, the supervisor must know at each instant the position of each transmitter node in the cycle.
- the chosen reference is Unix time or Posix time, also called "Unix timestamp", which is a measure of time based on the number of seconds elapsed since January 1, 1970 00:00:00 UTC , and corresponding to a pair of 'date + time' information.
- the 'date + time' data are included in the LoRa frames sent to the server, allowing the latter to calculate the position of each node for the analysis phase concerned.
- the supervisor knows:
- the time of the shot (t) it extracts from the frame, for example, the information ‘15961 14000’ corresponding to the date and time of Thursday 07/30/2020 1:00 p.m.;
- w lil % 5
- f is a function which will take integer values (ie from 0 to 4 for five phases ) and where % denotes the modulo operator.
- a node will be identified as a sender node when the value obtained by solving equation (1) modulo the number of nodes per group is equal to the integer value of the function f(t).
- the table (II) below illustrates for the example chosen from FIG. 5a, the identification of the transmitting nodes on the different firing phases, each row of the table corresponding to a phase A to E:
- the function f(t) is '1' and it is the nodes Ni and N 6 which are identified in the transmitter position.
- the process continues for each firing phase until the last firing phase E on 07/30/20 at 1:40 p.m. where the value of the function f(t) is equal to '4' and where the resolution of the equation (1) gives the node N 4 in the transmitter position.
- the method makes it possible to reallocate to each other node of each group of nodes, its position as receiver node with respect to the transmitter node of the group of membership.
- the method makes it possible to identify the 1st left receiver node, the 1st right receiver node, etc. depending on the number of nodes per group.
- the method makes it possible, for each phase, to attribute to each node of a group of X nodes, a position bit value ranging from 1 to X+1 for designate the position of the node in a frame of X+1 bits.
- the sending node is assigned two position bit values, one for its position as left node N n G and one for its position as right node N n o.
- the left and right neighboring receiver nodes are each assigned a respective position bit value.
- the method makes it possible to assign the values of position bits 3 and 4 to node N o and to node N 5 for the first phase, respectively the values of position bits 5 and 6 at the right neighboring nodes N 1; N 2 , and N 6 , N 7 , and respectively the values of bits at position 1 and 2 at the left neighboring nodes N 3 , N 4 .
- the method makes it possible to apply a correction mask to each reconstructed frame in order to ignore certain results such as the beginnings/ends of lines (non-existent node), the known faulty nodes (transmitter or receiver) for example.
- the frame correction step consists of applying a mask to a frame, the latter making it possible to ignore part of the frame (in the case of a faulty receiver), or the entire frame (in the case of a faulty or non-existent transmitter at the start/end of the line).
- Table (IV) below illustrates the application of a mask for a line start frame, depending on the position of the sender node.
- the method makes it possible to apply a frame correction mask.
- the table (V) below illustrates an example application of a correction mask for a sequence of shots according to FIG. 5, in the case where node N 3 fails.
- the mask applied is '011 1 1 ' on the nodes of the group (N 3 , N 4 , N 5 , N 6 , N 7 ), invalidating the value reported by the failing node N 3 and validating the values fed back by the nodes N 4 to N 7 .
- phase D where node N 3 is a transmitter, and hypothetically known to be faulty, the mask applied to the frame formed by nodes Ni to N 5 is '00000' invalidating all of the values reported by these nodes.
- the examples are not limiting and that any other mask configuration can be derived.
- the step of applying a frame correction mask amounts to an ‘AND’ type logic operation between a value received from a node and the value defined for the node in the mask.
- the method takes into account the corrected frames to perform an overall diagnosis in order to detect faults.
- a correspondence table is defined to associate each corrected frame with a possibility of identifying a defect.
- the correspondence table comprises 64 values (2 6 ).
- the method makes it possible to carry out a differentiated analysis for the sections to the right and the sections to the left of a transmitter node. Indeed, it seems acceptable to consider that the inspections on the left and on the right of an emitter are independent, even if it is necessary to validate that the presence of a fault on the right of an emitter does not interact with receivers on the left because of echoes (especially for crack detection).
- the method makes it possible to generate a list of the inspection results to the right and to the left of each transmitter node for each frame.
- the left/right inspection can be performed by two binary operations combining the value of the corrected frame with the left analysis mask and with the right analysis mask:
- Tables (VI) and (VII) illustrate respectively all the possible results of the left and right inspection operations for a 6-bit frame.
- sections IV and V are inspected.
- Section IV is inspected by nodes N 3 , N 4 and N 5
- section V is inspected only by node N 5 .
- the table (VIII) presents on each line corresponding to a firing phase (AE), the values received by the supervisor for each node (N o to N 7 ). In this case, since no node is faulty, the correction mask is equal to '11 1 1 11' and therefore does not change the result of the frames received.
- the two other frames associated with N 3 and N 4 in the sequences D and E are frames symmetrical to the frames associated with Ni and N 2 , the detection then taking place on the right instead of on the left.
- the table (IX) presents on each line corresponding to a firing phase (AE), the values received by the supervisor for each node (N o to N 7 ).
- a correction mask will be applied to the frames to take into account the failure of the node.
- the correction masks applied are then:
- the left/right defect analysis is performed on the corrected frames, and produces the following results:
- the configuration of the system comprises a transmitter node on three in order to avoid any signal overlap.
- a sequence of firings from which an overall fault diagnosis is made is illustrated in a simplified manner in FIG. 6, with in a first phase A, the nodes N 2 and N 5 as transmitter nodes, the signal emitted by a transmitter node being received by a single neighbor on the left and a single neighbor on the right.
- the signal emitted by the node N 2 is received on the left by the node Ni and on the right by the node N 3
- the signal emitted by the node N5 is received on the left by the node N 4 and on the right by the node No. 6 .
- the method 700 begins after a data acquisition time 702 which allows the server to receive the local diagnostic messages made by the electronic nodes.
- the acquisition time can be fixed and predefined or configurable by the user. According to the example of figure 6, the acquisition time is chosen so that the analysis cycle covers the reception of messages corresponding to three firing phases A, B, C.
- a next step 704 the method makes it possible to create group frames from the information received by each node.
- frames are created for the group of nodes (N 1 ; N 2 , N 3 ) and for the group of nodes (N 4 , N 5 , N 6 ).
- the content of a frame of a group ie the value of the '0' or '1' bits, corresponds to the local diagnosis reported by the sender node of said group.
- the table (XI) illustrates an example of a 4-bit frame created for a group of 3 nodes (N n .i, N n , N n+ i) according to the example of FIG. 6:
- a next step 706 the method makes it possible to calculate the position of the transmitter nodes for each phase.
- the table (XII) illustrates for the example of Figure 6, the position of the transmitter nodes on each phase, calculated according to the equation (1): [0140]
- the method makes it possible, in a following step 708, to identify the receiver nodes on the left and on the right neighboring each transmitter node, and to calculate a position bit value indicating the position of each node in each group frame and for each phase of the analysis cycle.
- the table (XIII) illustrates for the example of FIG. 6, the position of each node in each group frame, on the different firing phases, indicated by position bit values:
- the nodes N o , N 3 and N 6 identified as transmitter nodes have position bit values of 2 and 3; the nodes N 2 and N 5 identified as right receiver nodes have a position bit value equal to 1; the nodes Ni, N 4 and N 7 identified as left receiver nodes have a position bit value equal to 4.
- the method makes it possible to correct the content of certain group frames, ie to modify or ignore bit values in order to take into account the beginnings and ends of lines and any failures of nodes already known in the group frames containing the nodes concerned.
- the tables (XIV) and (XV) illustrate for the example of FIG. 6, respectively, a group frame correction mask to manage the domain edges (beginning/end of channel: nodes N. 2 and Ni non-existent), and a correction mask for faulty node (here the node N 3 ).
- a next step 712 the method makes it possible, from the corrected group frames and the positions of the nodes in each group, to generate an overall diagnostic result as to the existence or not of a fault.
- the method makes it possible to carry out a reduced inspection of the frames by a separate inspection of the left and right sections of a transmitter node, by combining the sequence of bits of the corrected frame with a sequence including only highlights bits for inspection at left, and combining the sequence of bits of the corrected frame with a sequence comprising only bits of weak points for the inspection on the right.
- the tables (XVI) and (XVII) illustrate for the example of FIG. 6, respectively, the results of the inspection on the left and on the right, where the complete analysis table with 16 values (2 4 ) is reduced to the analysis of 8 values, 4 for the left inspection, and 4 for the right inspection.
- the user is able to determine the healthy nodes (ie '0000'), the nodes which raise an exception (ie '0100'; '1000'; '0001'; '0010') and the nodes which reveal a defect in their intersection (ie '1100'; '0011').
- the method is configured to trigger an additional test procedure aimed at determining whether the fault comes from one of the nodes of the intersection or from communication protocol failure.
- a signal can be sent to the supervisor to update the network status and the correction masks to be applied.
- the results of the analysis are generated and displayed on an HMI interface in a form directly usable by the user, visually indicating on a map of the track, for example the location of the fault(s). s), or in any other form suitable for the application.
- the method makes it possible to send an alert to train drivers and/or to any traffic control system.
- the method can also be adapted to transmit to a train entering the track on which a potential fault has been detected a braking command which is triggered according to the result of the analysis.
- the invention can be implemented from hardware and/or software elements. It may be available as a computer program product on a computer-readable medium.
- the medium can be electronic, magnetic, optical or electromagnetic.
- the computing means or resources can be centralized and/or be distributed (“Cloud computing”), possibly with or according to peer-to-peer and/or virtualization and/or redundancy technologies.
- the software code may be executed on any suitable processor (eg, a microprocessor) or processor core or set of processors, whether provided in a single computing device or distributed among multiple computing devices.
- the computer implementation of the invention can use centralized systems (eg client-server or master-slave) and/or distributed systems (eg peer-to-peer type architecture using accessible computer resources, possibly opportunistically eg ad hoc networks, etc.).
- the system (or its variants) implementing one or more of the steps of the method can use one or more dedicated electronic circuits or a circuit for general use.
- the method can also be implemented on a reprogrammable calculation machine (a processor or a microcontroller, for example) executing a program comprising a sequence of instructions, or on a dedicated calculation machine (for example a set of logic gates such as an FPGA or an ASIC, or any other hardware module).
- a dedicated circuit can notably improve performance.
- references to a computer program which, when executed, performs any of the functions previously described, is not limited to an application program running on a single host computer. Rather, the terms computer program and software are used herein in a general sense to refer to any type of computer code (e.g., application software, firmware, microcode, APIs, web services, or any other form of computer instruction) that can be used to program one or more processors to implement process steps.
- computer code e.g., application software, firmware, microcode, APIs, web services, or any other form of computer instruction
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2009239A FR3114206B1 (fr) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Système et Procédé pour la détection de défauts dans des guides d’ondes allongés. |
| PCT/EP2021/074932 WO2022053611A1 (fr) | 2020-09-11 | 2021-09-10 | Système et procédé pour la détection de défauts dans des guides d'ondes allongés |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4211012A1 true EP4211012A1 (fr) | 2023-07-19 |
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ID=73139027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP21782442.4A Pending EP4211012A1 (fr) | 2020-09-11 | 2021-09-10 | Système et procédé pour la détection de défauts dans des guides d'ondes allongés |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US12535380B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4211012A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3192289A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3114206B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022053611A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202303497B (fr) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3105148B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-10-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme et procede pour la detection d’un defaut dans un rail d’une voie ferree |
| FR3114154B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2024-02-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif et Procédé de gestion de ressources pour la surveillance de structures allongées. |
| CN118323218B (zh) * | 2024-06-11 | 2024-08-27 | 四川旷谷信息工程有限公司 | 一种实现多业务专家共同诊断探伤作业的系统和方法 |
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| CN1086469C (zh) * | 1995-07-14 | 2002-06-19 | 布伦特·费利克斯·朱里 | 应力测试和释放的方法和装置 |
| US5713540A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-02-03 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for detecting railway activity |
| US5864304A (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 1999-01-26 | At&T Corp | Wireless railroad grade crossing warning system |
| US6715354B2 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2004-04-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Flaw detection system using acoustic doppler effect |
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| GB0127927D0 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2002-01-16 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Railway track circuits |
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| US6895362B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2005-05-17 | General Electric Company | Active broken rail detection system and method |
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| US20050076716A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-04-14 | Steven Turner | Method and apparatus for detecting guideway breaks and occupation |
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| US7343265B2 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2008-03-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System to monitor the health of a structure, sensor nodes, program product, and related methods |
| WO2008005311A2 (fr) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-10 | Carnegie Mellon University | Procédés, dispositifs et systèmes de détection d'avaries |
| EP2300299B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-17 | 2017-01-18 | Weir - Jones Engineering Consultants Ltd. | Système et procédé pour détecter les chutes de roches |
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| WO2014027977A1 (fr) | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | ENEKOM ENERJI EKOLOJI BILIŞIM VE MUHENDISLIK SANAYI TICARET LIMITED ŞlRKETI | Procédé de détection de fractures et de fissures de rail |
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| JP6764886B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-02 | 2020-10-07 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | プローブ設置方法および送信プローブの駆動方法 |
| EP3774488A1 (fr) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-02-17 | Konux GmbH | Système et procédé d'extraction et de traitement de données ferroviaires |
| FR3084748B1 (fr) * | 2018-08-01 | 2024-01-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Controle de sante de rails |
| WO2020053699A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-19 | Mer Mec S.P.A. | Dispositif et procédé pour détecter des défauts d'équipement ferroviaire |
| FR3105554B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-11-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Mesure passive d’ondes acousto-elastiques |
| FR3105148B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-10-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme et procede pour la detection d’un defaut dans un rail d’une voie ferree |
| FR3114154B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2024-02-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif et Procédé de gestion de ressources pour la surveillance de structures allongées. |
| FR3114177B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2024-12-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé pour la mise à jour de logiciel embarqué |
-
2020
- 2020-09-11 FR FR2009239A patent/FR3114206B1/fr active Active
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- 2021-09-10 WO PCT/EP2021/074932 patent/WO2022053611A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-09-10 CA CA3192289A patent/CA3192289A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-09-10 US US18/025,892 patent/US12535380B2/en active Active
- 2021-09-10 EP EP21782442.4A patent/EP4211012A1/fr active Pending
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- 2023-03-10 ZA ZA2023/03497A patent/ZA202303497B/en unknown
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20230349788A1 (en) | 2023-11-02 |
| WO2022053611A1 (fr) | 2022-03-17 |
| CA3192289A1 (fr) | 2022-03-17 |
| FR3114206A1 (fr) | 2022-03-18 |
| US12535380B2 (en) | 2026-01-27 |
| ZA202303497B (en) | 2023-12-20 |
| FR3114206B1 (fr) | 2023-01-06 |
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