EP4208871A1 - Procédé et système intégré d'assistance à la mise en place d'une démarche thérapeutique personnalisée pour patients sujets à une prise en charge médico-chirurgicale - Google Patents
Procédé et système intégré d'assistance à la mise en place d'une démarche thérapeutique personnalisée pour patients sujets à une prise en charge médico-chirurgicaleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4208871A1 EP4208871A1 EP21770051.7A EP21770051A EP4208871A1 EP 4208871 A1 EP4208871 A1 EP 4208871A1 EP 21770051 A EP21770051 A EP 21770051A EP 4208871 A1 EP4208871 A1 EP 4208871A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- surgical
- patient
- module
- data
- operator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
- G16H20/40—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
- G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing
Definitions
- TITLE Process and integrated system for assistance in setting up a personalized therapeutic approach for patients subject to medical and surgical care.
- the present invention is aimed at an integrated method and system for assisting in the implementation of a personalized therapeutic approach for patients subject to medico-surgical management.
- a surgical assistance method comprising the following steps: obtaining raw medical imaging data corresponding to a patient from a remote computing architecture; reconstructing a digital model from the obtained raw medical imaging data, wherein the digital model is two-dimensional or three-dimensional; generating a plurality of three-dimensional scenes by applying a sequence of surgical acts to the digital model; simulation of a virtual execution of the sequence of surgical acts on the digital model of the patient using the plurality of three-dimensional scenes generated; and displaying, on a display, at least one of the following elements: the reconstructed digital model, the pathology(ies), the plurality of generated three-dimensional scenes and the simulated virtual performance.
- a bone model is aimed at a realistic 2D or 3D representation of the bone, that is to say which does not include any approximation of the mathematical modeling type.
- the method according to the invention can optionally comprise a determination of at least one pathology on the basis of the digital model.
- the determination of the sequence of surgical acts can then be based on at least one pathology.
- the method can be based on the same and unique cloud-type calculation architecture.
- the method may include projecting the plurality of three-dimensional scenes onto the patient to guide an operator, wherein the projection includes a holographic projection.
- the holographic projection can be manipulated by the operator or can be positioned on the patient.
- the plurality of generated three-dimensional scenes or simulation of a virtual execution is displayed in a collaborative mode to remotely help the operator to carry out a corresponding procedure requiring multiple evaluations or to train the operator in an observational mode.
- the method may comprise an implementation of an artificial intelligence and/or a simulation of physical systems by numerical mathematical modeling to model the simulated virtual performance.
- the method may include a step of modeling digital models of anatomical elements, and/or implantable medical devices and/or ancillary instrumentation for gesture assistance surgical, for performing said sequence of surgical gestures, in the form of 3D objects added to or generated within at least one additional 3D scene modeled, from the digital model and/or extracted data of interest.
- the anatomical elements, and/or the implantable medical devices and/or the auxiliary instruments can be based on the patient's anatomy.
- the method may include a projection of the digital model onto the patient to guide an operator, wherein the projection includes a holographic projection.
- the method may also comprise a step of generating digital models of anatomical elements, and/or implantable and/or ancillary medical devices, specific or not to the patient's anatomy.
- the method may include manufacturing by an additive or subtractive manufacturing installation of the digital files generated from said generated digital models.
- a cloud-type computing architecture for surgical support provided with a module for reconstructing a two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional digital model from raw data of volume medical images of a patient recorded in the architecture, of an interface for interaction with a graphic display with an operator, comprising a module for planning a surgical intervention configured to implement the following steps: display on the display of a scene from said digital model, determination of one or more pathologies of said patient by means of an identification and measurement module applied to said reconstructed digital model and/or to data of interest extracted from said data raw; modeling a plurality of additional three-dimensional scenes by applying a sequence of surgical gestures to said digital model and/or to said data of interest; computer simulation and modeling of the virtual performance of said sequences of surgical gestures on the patient.
- a module for reconstructing a two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional digital model from raw data of volume medical images of a patient recorded in the architecture, of an interface for interaction with a graphic display with an operator comprising a module for planning a surgical intervention configured to implement the following steps: display
- Figure 1 is a high level block diagram of one embodiment of a system according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a high level block diagram of a data processing infrastructure of one embodiment of a system according to the present invention.
- Figure 3 is an example of a block diagram of the computer architecture.
- Figure 4 is an example of a block diagram of the processing module and algorithms.
- Figure 5 is an example of a block diagram of the data processing and display module.
- Figure 6 is an example of a block diagram describing the connections between the various modules of the system.
- Figure 7 is a flowchart describing the steps of surgical planning, surgical guidance and the corresponding distribution.
- Figure 8 is another example of a flowchart outlining the specific steps for implementing surgical planning.
- Figure 9 is another example of a flowchart outlining the specific steps for implementing surgical guidance.
- Figure 10 is a high level representation of an implementation of the system.
- Figure 11 is a graphical representation of an operator view of a guided surgical operation using the system.
- variants of the present disclosure may in particular be considered comprising only a selection of characteristics described, subsequently isolated from the other characteristics described, if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the present disclosure from the state of the prior art.
- This selection includes at least one feature, preferably functional without structural details, or with only part of the structural details if only this part is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the present disclosure from the state of the prior art .
- API In computing, an application programming interface or application programming interface (often referred to by the term API for Application Programming Interface) is a standardized set of classes, methods, functions and constants which serves as facade by which software offers services to other software.
- CPU A processor (from the English Central Processing Unit) is a component present in many electronic devices which executes the machine instructions of computer programs.
- a medical device means any instrument, apparatus, equipment, machine, implant, reagent for in vitro use, software, hardware or other similar or related article, intended by the manufacturer to be used alone or in combination for humans, for one or more of the purposes medical purposes of: (i) diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment or alleviation of disease; (ii) diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, relief or repair of injury; (iii) investigation, replacement, modification or support of anatomy or physiological process; (iv) support or maintenance of life; (v) design control; (vi) disinfection of medical devices; or (vii) provide information by means of in vitro examination of specimens derived from the human body, and in each case does not achieve its primary intended action by pharmacological, immunological or metabolic means in or on the human body, but can be assisted in its intended function by these means.
- Certain additional products may be considered medical devices by certain regulations, including: (i) disinfection substances; (ii) aids for people with disabilities; (iii) devices incorporating animal and/or human tissue; or (iii) devices for in vitro fertilization or assisted reproduction technologies.
- these definitions are considered applicable to animal medicine for the present invention.
- Flops Floating-point operations per second: Measurement of the speed of a processor or one of the arithmetic calculation units of a processor by the number of floating-point operations that can be performed per second;
- GPU A graphics processor, or GPU (from the English Graphics Processing Unit) is an integrated circuit performing the calculation functions of the display;
- One teraflop corresponds to 10 12 flops.
- the diagnostic phase after a prior medical consultation, the suffering patient is referred to a specialist doctor, at the same time as he is prescribed medical examinations to enable the specialist to be sufficiently informed about the nature and extent of the the pathology causing the suffering to make a diagnosis.
- Most of these examinations are of a biological and imaging nature, the typology varies according to diagnostic needs (computed tomography, angiography, radiology, magnetic resonance imaging, etc.).
- Imaging examinations are under the responsibility of a radiologist who therefore proceeds, on the basis of two-dimensional data (qualifier abbreviated by the term 2D throughout this document) or three-dimensional (qualifier abbreviated by the term 3D in the throughout this document) produced for this patient, to the diagnosis which will be transmitted to the prescribing doctor as well as to the specialist doctor.
- the medical specialist depending on his specialty and the results of the medical examinations, can decide or not on a therapeutic approach involving surgery for this patient. If he decides to intervene surgically, the process goes into a so-called “preoperative” phase.
- the preoperative phase the decision to operate on the patient being recorded, the medical specialist initiates a process of preparation for the intervention.
- the first theoretical step consists in carrying out the planning of the surgery in question, consisting in technically structuring the possible steps: surgical approach to optimize access to the operating site, choice of ancillary instrumentation or assistance equipment to facilitate or perform some or all of the surgical procedures (forceps, forceps, surgical guides, cutting tools, camera, laparoscopic equipment, robotic arm, etc.), choice of implantable devices if applicable (prosthetic mesh, orthopedic osteoarticular prosthesis of hip or knee joint, vascular endoprosthesis, osteosynthesis material for fracture, pacemaker%), analysis and measurement via the data available in imaging...
- Surgical planning therefore consists initially of simulating, by whatever means or, the surgery to be performed: on paper, by computer, or even informally by experience without any particular support.
- the second stage of this phase stems from the first and is operational: consultation with the teams in charge of the operating theaters to check the availability in stock of the necessary equipment or whether it must be ordered/recommended to allow the surgery to be programmed.
- Equipment specific to the anatomy of the patient concerned which may be required by certain surgical procedures is ordered during this stage.
- the devices are said to be "tailor-made” or "specific”, implantable or ancillary (for example in the event of an exceptional morphology).
- the entire preoperative approach is also done in consultation with other medical disciplines that may intervene in the process of medical care such as anesthetic medicine for example.
- the intraoperative phase this phase consists of carrying out the actual surgery on the patient according to the technical and operational preparations validated and programmed during the two previous stages.
- the surgeon proceeds according to his plan with the identified material which will have been prepared by the teams affiliated with the operating room and/or by external service providers for the intervention (ordering, control, assembly, verification, sterilization, etc.).
- the choice of accelerated care followed by a hospital stay of limited duration can also be based on budget optimization objectives for the reduction of therapeutic treatment costs.
- the postoperative phase includes care from when the patient wakes up until he leaves the establishment, passing through intermediate phases that may include, for example, care, monitoring, or even one or more several additional or complementary intervention(s).
- intermediate phases may include, for example, care, monitoring, or even one or more several additional or complementary intervention(s).
- This node concentrates the issues of medical performance (therapeutic outcome) and operational (organizational fluidity, financial burden), as well as the issues of health safety (exposure to risks). All medical specialties face these issues, in all countries where structured health systems exist.
- Therapeutic personalization in surgery is defined as taking into account the specific physiological, morphological or anatomical data of a patient as input data for the preparation and performance of an intervention, with the aim of adapting a medical protocol to his particular case.
- the objective is twofold, with an equivalent benefit/risk ratio: better surgical performance for stable or reduced operational costs.
- the first is linked to the implementation between the surgeon and the manufacturers of planning/manufacturing process devices that are often unsuitable for unit production and therefore expensive and demanding for the parties (use of equipment normally due for mass production , deportation of analysis and design to dedicated third-party teams).
- the second origin is a direct consequence of the first: due to the high cost of custom-made devices according to the mode described in the previous paragraph, the majority of health regulations persist in a requirement of exceptional use which must be justified by a medical prescription. The inertia of regulatory texts prevailing, it logically implies the persistence of the initial model.
- the preferred medical imaging files to date for 3D modeling during surgical planning are those obtained by computer-assisted computed tomography, or cartographic files obtained by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Although generated by different acquisition methods, the files obtained are encoded in a standardized format called DICOM (English acronym for Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine). These files, containing a large amount of information relating to the three-dimensional structure of the object of analysis, are large files (several hundred megabytes) which require high computing power to be used in the raw state. .
- DICOM International acronym for Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
- the process of acquisition by tomodensitometry makes it possible, for example, to reconstruct, from series of two-dimensional sections obtained by measurements deported to the exterior of an object, and by stacking them, three-dimensional volumes containing the 'set of information detectable by the device according to its precision and the acquisition program.
- the basic units of these reconstructed volumes are called "voxels" in reference to their status as the smallest discretionary volume element in a three-dimensional scene.
- the degree of precision of an analysis being directly correlated to the definition of the object of said analysis, the precision of a diagnosis is therefore logically directly dependent, with equivalent calibration, on the number of voxels per unit of volume, therefore on the resolution.
- DICOM volume files is obtained by converting the volume data in voxels into surface data via a meshing action, of the object of interest, commonly designated by the English term “mesh”.
- the rendering of said object is thus simplified into a three-dimensional object presenting only the envelopes of the initial volume, envelopes consisting of vertices, edges and faces. This algorithmic action thus makes it possible to reduce the size of the files and to facilitate their handling in order to revise downwards the requirements in terms of computing power.
- Segmentation consists of applying a computer algorithm to 2D images or to the volume reconstructed in 3D from these images to display and/or keep only certain specific data, chosen according to predefined criteria. This may consist, for example, of retaining within a CT scan only one type of tissue or anatomical element depending on the medical specialty and the objective (bone tissue or individual bone for orthopedic or maxillofacial surgery, vessels blood for vascular surgery, liver for liver surgery ). The quality of the material that will be used following the planning operations can therefore be strongly impacted by the application of this algorithm on an already compressed file, with already reduced fidelity compared to the reconstruction resulting from the original DICOM.
- the first option is a direct link with medical imaging file management systems managed by radiologists, and designated by the English acronym PACS Picture Archiving Communication System) to store on a new server of files which will then be processed by a third party for surgical planning preparation activities.
- the second option is the possibility for the surgeon to exploit the file in question by means of software which is no longer executed locally on the practitioner's computer, but operates on an accessible website. via a web browser such as GoogleTM ChromeTM, Microsoft® Edge, Mozilla Firefox® or even OperaTM.
- 3D visualization engines the initial path followed by industries to meet needs in terms of interactive 3D visualization is the diversion of 3D engines from video games, a very demanding discipline in terms of performance. As efficient as these engines are in video games, this efficiency is however not obtained by simple transposition for use in other areas, especially in association with Cloud Computing technology. They were simply not designed with these needs in mind, and without evolution are not future-proof solutions.
- This solution thus acts as the first 3D engine purposely structured via Cloud Computing in substitution of the model requesting the resources of individual devices.
- the deployment of this new type of solutions thus constitutes a favorable base for the implementation of cross-functional projects such as the linearization of solutions in support of the digitization of the surgical management of patients, subject to the development of applications and models. communication methods compatible with international regulatory requirements applicable to medical devices.
- the two historical paths are computer-assisted surgery (also referred to as surgical "navigation") and surgical robotics, both of which are exploited and exploitable from a surgical planning phase that focuses all of the considerations on it. mentioned so far.
- these systems can integrate artificial intelligence algorithms, mainly for anatomical recognition.
- augmented reality With a view to a broader use of surgical planning and a less demanding implementation in the operating theater than that required by navigation stations or robots, a third way has naturally opened up as an aid to the surgical gesture: augmented reality.
- Osteoarticular prosthetic surgery thus saw the birth of this technology more than 30 years ago, resulting in interactive assistance from navigation stations, which operate for example on the principle of detection by sensors (possibly of the infrared type) of fixed anatomical landmarks put in place by the surgeon allowing him to initially calibrate the spatial positions of the "elements" of the scene: patient, surgeon's instruments, anatomical elements.
- the system allows the surgeon to record anatomical data of the patient in 3D by palpation using a specific tactile instrument, possibly detected by the same sensors.
- the system having recorded the spatial coordinates of the fixed reference frames, it is thus capable of reconstituting the zones treated by the surgeon in dynamics then of comparing them with the initial planning carried out upstream of the intervention and of assisting in the phase decision-making centered mainly on the dimensional choices of implantable medical devices (elements of total knee prosthesis for example).
- implantable medical devices elements of total knee prosthesis for example.
- This example can be extended to other specialties such as neurosurgery or cardiac surgery, the technologies used for detection may vary depending on the manufacturer of the stations in question (QR code for example).
- the original examinations may also be different (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, CT angiography, etc.), but the principles remain comparable.
- augmented reality also called mixed reality. For convenience, only the term "augmented reality" will be used in the rest of the document.
- Augmented reality is defined as being the superimposition of reality and elements calculated by a computer system in real time. These elements can be of multiple natures: sound, videographic, haptic, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, etc. Notoriously identified for cinema or video games, the increasing reliability of support technologies has opened up demanding and often highly regulated professional paths to augmented reality, such as industry or the medical sector. If the attraction of these domains was initially the direct consequence of the intimidment of first-time operators faced with a technology that was still recently categorized as fictional, this is no longer the case today.
- These visualization systems consist of individual devices, possibly in the form of helmets, masks, glasses, and more generally of all systems composed of a frame resting on the head (such as a headband audio headset) by maintaining the headrest (ears, nose, skull, etc.) making it possible to visualize through neutral or adaptive optical lenses or projection on said lenses or via screens of 3D scenes composed of holograms juxtaposed with reality.
- a frame resting on the head such as a headband audio headset
- headrest ears, nose, skull, etc.
- virtual reality has the principle of total immersion of the person equipped with a visualization system within a scene calculated in real time by a computer system without superimposition on reality, and cannot therefore not be used in interventional situations on patients.
- Virtual reality may, however, be a perfectly suited technology for surgical planning.
- augmented reality has a high potential added value for surgical guidance during phase 3 (intraoperative), by simplifying the principle and optimizing performance.
- the use of holographic surgical navigation replaces the heavy and instrumented iterative operation of a passive assistance station by providing the surgeon, in his operating field of vision, with 3D scenes constructed during phase 2 of planning. surgery superimposed on reality. It is therefore for the surgeon to manipulate holograms using his hands or the voice to adapt the scenes 3D at their convenience and guide themselves using the information provided.
- One of the major advantages of this technology is safety for the patient: apart from the visualization system that the practitioner must wear, no additional equipment is required, reducing the risk of contamination within the operating room. . It is of course necessary to validate the compatibility of the ergonomics of the augmented reality visualization system with the use concerned so as not to integrate any risk of hindrance to the surgical gesture by the presence of the holograms.
- the surgeon thus finds himself in a situation where he can integrate into his patient care process steps that make a direct link between the diagnosis and the guidance of his surgical gesture by means of surgical planning, in using the patient dataset from the imaging to perform the whole process. He can also choose, depending on his needs, to use surgical planning to manufacture implantable medical devices or ancillary instrumentation to assist in the surgical procedure specific to the patient's anatomy.
- the structuring nature of the process of phases 1 to 3 therefore implies strong interdependence. They must be the links in a chain that is as linear as possible to combine performance and safety, the two major requirements of medical device regulations.
- Figure 1 illustrates a system 100 for assisting in implementing a personalized therapeutic approach for patients undergoing medical and surgical care.
- System 100 includes: (i) a data processing infrastructure 200 for processing data, (ii) a data processing and display module 300 for processing and displaying data, and (iii) a manufacturing facility module 500 for manufacturing medical devices such as implants or instruments auxiliaries, whether standard or specific to the anatomy of the patient, or of anatomical elements of said patient.
- the data processing infrastructure 200 includes calculation means and data storage means.
- the data processing infrastructure 200 can be connected to a distributed communication network, such as that of the Internet, in a cloud application platform allowing the operation and delivery of resources and services over the Internet through 'data storage on a remote server via a Cloud Computing solution.
- storage may be implemented in local data storage on individual computers.
- FIG. 2 is an example block diagram of the data processing infrastructure 200.
- the data processing infrastructure 200 includes (i) a computing architecture 202, (ii) a data storage device, including medical data 204 (health database), (iii) a physical systems simulation module using numerical mathematical modeling 206 (physical systems simulation using numerical mathematical modeling), (iv) an artificial intelligence module 208 (in English artificial intelligence) containing computer programs intended to implement algorithmic functions capable of simulating the intelligence of an operator (v) interfaces 210, accessible by third-party systems, and (vi) a module of export of digital files 212 for the manufacture of devices, in particular medical, implantable or ancillary, which may be specific to the patient's anatomy or non-specific, or of anatomical elements of said patient. In the remainder of the document, non-specific devices are defined as "standard".
- a patient can target a human being or another animal species.
- the data processing architecture can exclude the module for simulations of physical systems by digital mathematical modeling 206.
- the data processing architecture can exclude the module for intelligence 208.
- the calculation architecture 202 is of the type with shared resources, unified data and accessible remotely by one or more simultaneous software clients. The pooling of resources allows the solution to be scalable in response to growing exploitation. The unification of the data makes it possible to secure their integrity, avoiding their voluntary alteration or not by fraudulent modification or degradation of the initial data by successive copying.
- the accessibility of the architecture is made possible by an API (for English Application Programming Interface open type network, allowing to ensure the correct distribution of the architecture.
- the computing architecture 202 can for example comprise a farm of machines, each of the machines comprising a CPU processor (for English Central Processing Unit, and able to integrate a graphics processor GPU (for English Graphical Processing Unit ⁇ , intended to operate a 3D rendering and cloud computing farm (example: 3DVerse solution www.3 dverse. corn) .
- a CPU processor for English Central Processing Unit
- a graphics processor GPU for English Graphical Processing Unit ⁇ , intended to operate a 3D rendering and cloud computing farm (example: 3DVerse solution www.3 dverse. corn) .
- the GPUs deployed within the framework of architecture 202 can for example comprise professional NVIDIA graphics processors of the Ampere type with integrated graphics processing functionalities making it possible to ensure 3D rendering to meet the requirements of massively parallelized calculations.
- Figure 3 is an example of a functional diagram of the computer architecture 202.
- the calculation architecture 202 more particularly comprises (i) a farm 2022 of virtual or physical machines, and (ii) a data storage device 2024
- the calculation architecture 202 aims to provide the following services: a 3D rendering engine 2026, a three-dimensional reconstruction processing module for computer-aided imaging data 2028, a module 20210 for processing data and algorithms.
- the farm 2022 of virtual or physical machines can typically include virtual machines with a computing power of several teraflops intended to operate the rendering engine 2026 and the processing and algorithms module 20210.
- the machines are shared between several operators and their number can increase automatically according to the needs and the number of simultaneous operators.
- a machine can provide the services of the 3D rendering engines 2026 and the module 20210 for one or more operators and the set 2022 is scaled according to the number of simultaneous operators.
- the storage device 2024 allows the storage and management of the following elements management of operator accounts (in English user account), three-dimensional scenes (in English 3D Scenes) of the calculation architecture 202, binary files of resources basics (in English assets) constituting the 3D scene. These resources can be in particular 3D objects in voxels, in mesh, 2D or 3D textures or materials, the code files of the algorithms executed by the 20210 module.
- the 3D rendering engine 2026 can be implemented in the form of software or algorithmic functions that can be executed by special graphics cards (of the hardware type) which calculate a 3D scene (in English 3D scene) by restoring the 3D projection therein, textures (appearance of the surfaces of visualized objects), lighting effects (shadows, reflections, etc.), or even physical behaviors such as deformations of soft bodies, rigid bodies, particle behaviors or fluid behaviors (liquids, gases, etc.).
- the whole constitutes a chain of functionalities to form a coherent channel for the dissemination and successive processing of information of a graphic nature from the raw data to the operator's terminal (in English Graphics Pipeline).
- Types of 3D render engines include, but are not limited to, software-accelerated engines and hardware-accelerated engines.
- the 3D rendering engine of the computing architecture 202 combines voxel type data and mesh type data displayed in the same 3D scene, respecting their respective scales.
- the 3D rendering engine 2026 is configured to generate a 3D scene from input data.
- the 3D engine input data may come from the storage device 2024.
- the 3D engine input data may come from data generated by the processing module 20210.
- the 3D scene whose objects are contained in the storage device 2024 can be exported via an export interface 2002 of the calculation architecture 202, which can be accessed through the module 210.
- the 3D scene generated by the 3D rendering engine 2026 can be broadcast in the form of a stream (in English streaming) to one or more instances of the module 300, via a stream generation interface 2004.
- the three-dimensional reconstruction of computer-aided imaging data processing module 2028 has an input interface for receiving data, as well as an output interface for transmitting processed data.
- the input data is received from the storage device or database 204, itself supplied with files from medical imaging examinations and downloaded to a remote server by the application operator.
- the input data are data from volume imaging examinations with 3D reconstruction via back-projection algorithms, for example of a DICOM-type tomodensitometric nature (X-ray tomography or MRI for example).
- the output data is voxel type data (3D texture).
- the processing module is also capable of transforming voxel type data into mesh type data representing the outer part of the object in voxel.
- the processing includes the calculation of a three-dimensional scene corresponding to an area of a body, human or animal, from, for example, DICOM type data.
- the voxel and mesh type objects obtained in the form of binary files output from the processing module as well as the scene composition information are hosted within the storage device 2024.
- FIG 4 is an example block diagram of the processing and algorithms module module 20210.
- the processing and algorithms module module 20210 is configured to receive input data, process the input data , and generate output data.
- the processed data is stored within the storage device 2024.
- the data processing module 20210 comprises: a sub-module 202102 for segmentation of the biological elements of interest, a sub-module 202104 for identification and measurement tools to assist in the characterization of the patient's pathology , a 202106 submodule of 3D simulation of a surgical sequence as a unit element of the surgical treatment, and a sub-module 202108 for generating volumes corresponding to implantable medical devices and/or ancillary instruments for surgical assistance, both of which can be standard or specific to the patient's anatomy, or anatomical elements, from the output data of sub-module 202106.
- the module 20210 implements the computing power of the farm 2022.
- the output data can be sent to the storage device 2024.
- the sub-module 202102 for segmentation of biological elements of interest from medical imaging data is configured to determine a segmentation from the input data.
- These input data constitute, after processing of the initial imaging examination of the patient in DICOM format by the 3D reconstruction module 2028, a 3D object preferably in voxels stored in the database 2024 for preservation of a high level fidelity to the patient's anatomy.
- the 202102 sub-module performs the following operations: generate several 3D textures representing the different types of elements of interest, such as for example different types of tissue (bones, muscles, air, etc.) depending on the level of intensity of each voxel, and extract the individual anatomical elements, such as specific bones (femur, tibia, radius, vertebrae, jaws, etc.) in the context of an application to orthopedic or maxillofacial surgery, by various possible methods, a non-exhaustive list of which includes: contouring by selection of voxels by the operator with a hand-drawn type tool, selection of contiguous voxels, propagation/dilation of the selection, identification of concave shapes to delimit the articular surfaces, recognition of shape, co-location by statistics of anatomical parts to predict the belonging of a voxel to an organic tissue.
- the method can process and refine the segmentation with operations for smoothing or correcting the 3D structure.
- the segmentation can relate to tissues of any kind (bone, tendon, epidermal, dental, vascular tissues, etc.), anatomical elements such as individual bones (femur, tibia) or even an organ such as the liver, pancreas, prostate or heart depending on the medical specialty concerned.
- the segmentation sub-module 202102 is used in step A2 of the block diagram shown in Figure 7.
- the identification and measurement sub-module 202104 is configured to assist the operator with a view to characterizing the patient's pathology, for example from the input data or from the input data segmented by the data segmentation sub-module 202102. This characterization is carried out from the observation of the original 3D object in voxels and/or from the segmented elements resulting from the sub-module 202102, stored in the storage device 2024. The operator can nevertheless choose to work on non-segmented input data resulting from the processing of the module 2028 and hosted in the storage device 2024.
- the operator can also add input data at this stage to structure the rest of the process by entering additional information into the system. This can, for example, constitute annotating the 3D anatomical scene (additional location of pathology, identification of anatomical landmarks, etc.).
- labeling is also often used to describe the action of annotation, in particular for the purpose of training artificial intelligence algorithms.
- the identification and measurement sub-module 202104 provides, for example, the information needed to configure a surgical treatment of bone deformation by corrective osteotomy, comprising: identification the presence or absence of a bone deformity by comparing, if applicable, the bones of the same type on the right side and on the left side of the patient.
- identification the presence or absence of a bone deformity by comparing, if applicable, the bones of the same type on the right side and on the left side of the patient.
- This is the case, for example, of the so-called "long" bones of the appendicular system in mammals such as humans or dogs, for example: tibia, femur, humerus, radius, ulna, and for the same type of bone, the bones of the same nature compared to healthy, undeformed bone models.
- the identification and measurement sub-module 202104 additionally provides the information necessary for the measurement of the length of pathological bone and healthy bone (if applicable), the identification and measurement of the anatomical axis of pathological bone, identification and measurement of the axis mechanics of the corrected bone, the measurement of the joint angle between the corrected bone and the bone(s) attached to said joint, the annotations of anatomical landmarks on the pathological bone, the annotations of required information ( possibly three-dimensional drawings) for the rest of the planning process.
- the 202104 identification and measurement sub-module is used in particular in step A3 of the synoptic shown in Figure 2.
- the sub-module 202106 for simulating a surgical sequence S(i) is configured to calculate a 3D sequence corresponding to a stage of the surgical operation envisaged by the operator; sequence also identified by the expression “operating time”. The term surgical sequence is retained in the rest of the document.
- the surgical treatment modeling sub-module 202106 uses the input data from the module 2028 or the input data segmented by the data segmentation sub-module 202102, or the patient identification and measurement data generated by the sub-module 202104.
- the sub-module 202106 for simulating a surgical sequence is configured to carry out the following operations, from the segmented elements of interest coming from the sub-modules 202102 and 202104, elements stored in the storage 2024: (1) allow the operator to manipulate the various elements from sub-modules 202102 and 202104, and (2) propose an assistance sequence S(i) for modeling the surgical treatment planned for the operation . This sequence must allow the operator to validate or adjust the configuration of the modeling of said operation.
- S( 1 ) also called first sequence includes a calculation and display of a 3D scene presenting the calculations (equation, positioning, etc.) and positioning on a deformed bone of one or more bone correction cutting plane(s).
- S(2) also called second sequence, comprises the steps: calculation and display of the result of the application of the bone cut displayed in S(1) on a deformed pathological bone to enable the operator to observe the visual result of the virtual deformity correction gesture.
- S(3) also called third sequence, includes the display of a 3D scene showing the contact surface rate between the different bone segments of interest resulting from the section of the pathological bone according to the manipulation of these bone segments. This step makes it possible to virtually model the surgical gesture for adjusting the bone correction to be performed in the operating room.
- S(4) also called the fourth sequence, includes the visualization of the bone after correction carried out in S(3) upstream of the modeling of implantable medical devices and ancillary instrumentation with a view to the osteosynthesis phase which will allow to fix the correction over time.
- the sub-module 202106 for simulating a surgical sequence S(i) is used in step A4 of the synoptic shown in Figure 7.
- the sub-module 202108 for the digital generation of a medical device DM(j) standard or specific to the patient's anatomy is configured to transform the output data of the sub-module 202104 and/or of the sub-module 202106.
- This sub-module allows the operator to generate a number “j” of implantable devices and/or ancillary instruments for surgical assistance in the form of 3D objects added to the main scene S(n). It is therefore a question of generating a three-dimensional representation of a standard medical device or specific to the morphology of the patient's anatomy, the shape of which may depend on the characteristics of the anatomical zone of interest defined by the operator by reproduction with a high level of precision of its topography. Such reproduction may include the generation of geometric volumes of any kind, unique or by assembling these volumes, which may be of standard shapes with axes of symmetry (cube, sphere, cylinder, etc.) or specific and generated according to the data. outputs from sub-modules 202104 and 202106.
- the implantable devices generated are osteosynthesis plates adapted to the morphology of a pathological bone (fractured bone, deformed then corrected bone), or even stent-type vascular endoprostheses of design adapted to the vascular anatomy to be treated following thrombolysis, for example, the generation of recesses of a suitable nature and geometry, opening out or not, intended for example to receive medical devices generated by the same sub-module or resulting from the choice of the operator from a library of precalculated shapes, hosted from the storage device 2024 in anticipation of a permanent combination with the initial medical device at the time of surgical implantation.
- this can be for example, bone anchoring systems of the screw type chosen from the constituent elements of a digital library, according to their type and their dimensions, to be included within an osteosynthesis bone plate or else devices for bone fixation surgical pin type temporary fixation.
- the surgical assistance ancillaries may be designated by the generic term "surgical guide” and possibly be composed of one or more elements integrating, for example, the functions of positioning and/or orientation of implantable devices, cutting of biological tissue(s) ), or even bone drilling, depending on the type of surgery (orthopedic, traumatological, vascular, cardiac, neurosurgery, etc.).
- this can be a tailor-made cutting guide whose shape matches the surface of the bone at one or more location(s) defined by the operator by reproduction at identical to its topography including in particular one or more support planes for guiding a surgical cutting tool (example: oscillating saw), and/or a possibility of holes for temporary fixation devices of the surgical pin type .
- a surgical cutting tool example: oscillating saw
- this may include a custom-made drill guide whose shape matches the surface of the bone at one or more location(s) defined by the operator by identical reproduction of its topography, including in particular: a possibility of holes for guiding drilling of holes dedicated to receiving bone anchoring systems of the screw type in the bone, and a possibility of holes for temporary fixation devices of the surgical pin type .
- this may include generating a tailor-made orientation guide whose shape matches the surface of the corrected bone at the location defined by the operator by identical reproduction of its topography. , including in particular several holes for temporary fixation devices of the surgical pin type, and/or a possibility of counter-shaping to guide the positioning of the custom-made bone plate.
- the sub-module 202108 for digital generation of a medical device DM(j) standard or specific to the patient's anatomy is used in step A5 of the synoptic presented in Figure 7.
- the medical data storage device 204 allows in particular the management of operator accounts to connect to the module 300 shown in Figure 1.
- the medical data storage device 204 also includes medical data associated with patients, from medical imaging data, metadata associated with medical imaging data and information provided by the operating surgeon, post-operative assessment type, through modules 302 and 304, illustrated in Figure 5.
- the medical data storage device 204 further comprises medical imaging data reconstructed in 3D by computer associated with patients and the postoperative assessment data entered in step G4.
- the medical data storage device 204 also includes non-medical data, in particular for the management of operators, patient files, documents (orders, invoices, etc.).
- the module for simulating physical systems by digital mathematical modeling 206 takes as input the output data of the modeling of the medical treatment coming from the module for simulating a surgical sequence S(i) 202106 or from the volume generation module of device 202108. It executes an algorithm which makes it possible to simulate and visualize the stresses and deformations induced within the assembly of the elements due to the mechanical stresses induced by the physical activity of the patient.
- the module uses the finite element analysis method to simulate the behavior of the assembly and identify the most stressed areas.
- the sub-module 202106 for simulating a surgical sequence S(i) can operate in combination with the module 206 for simulating physical systems by digital mathematical modeling in order to take as input data the physical integrity of the anatomical part of interest.
- This combination makes it possible to map the areas of fragility of the anatomical part of interest and to provide the operator with additional information to take into consideration when planning his surgery. Applied to tumor resection surgery, whatever the organ or tissue concerned, this can thus make it possible to provide information on the impact of the resection gesture on the tissues surrounding the ablation zone by simulating the position of fragile zones when the standard stressing of the anatomical portion concerned is modeled.
- the sub-module 202106 for simulating a surgical sequence S(i) combined with the module for simulating physical systems by numerical mathematical modeling 206 is used in step A4 of the block diagram presented in Figure 7.
- the sub-module 202108 for simulating a surgical sequence S(i) can operate in combination with the module 206 for simulating physical systems by digital mathematical modeling in order to take as input data the physical integrity of the anatomical part of interest.
- This combination makes it possible to map the areas of fragility of the anatomical part of interest and to provide the operator with additional information to take into consideration when planning his surgery. Applied to traumatological surgery for the treatment of a fracture, this can thus make it possible to model the implantable osteosynthesis device of the bone plate type by taking into account the quality of the pathological recipient bone. Multifragmented bone requires special attention for the positioning of screw-type bone anchoring systems in solid areas.
- the artificial intelligence module 208 takes as input the data from the storage devices 204 and 2024. It integrates an annotation tool to categorize and label the information contained in the storage devices 204 and 2024, typically to classify the constituent unit elements datasets exploited by artificial intelligence algorithms.
- machine learning and deep learning algorithms learning can be called via interfaces which can be of the API type by the sub-modules 202102, 202104, 202106 and 202108 to simulate in an automatic mode the complex tasks due in manual or semi-manual mode to the operator, therefore the surgeon.
- the module 208 thus makes it possible to categorize the actions of these sub-modules in an "intelligent" mode, to be broken down into sub-tasks or a set of automatic sub-tasks that do not require the intervention of the operator to characterize a datum of ' input and transform it into output data.
- sub-tasks include the automatic segmentation on the basis of sub-module 202102 of the different elements such as for example the different types of tissues (epidermal, vascular, bone, etc.) or the skeletal bones (femur, tibia, vertebra, pelvis, etc.) (steps A2 in Figure 2).
- tissue epidermal, vascular, bone, etc.
- skeletal bones femur, tibia, vertebra, pelvis, etc.
- sub-tasks also include automatic identification and measurement based on sub-module 202104, to perform analyzes of the 3D model allowing the operator to accurately characterize the patient's pathology for surgical intervention on a automated or semi-automated mode by partial automated assistance during the process.
- this module provides the necessary information to the operator who will then be able, on the basis of his training and his experience of surgery, to reinforce his diagnostic reflection in order to continue the process of surgical planning.
- the module 208 will directly provide the operator with a characterization of the pathology which it will be up to the operator to confirm or invalidate in order to move on to the following stages of surgical planning (step A3 of Figure 7) .
- These sub-tasks also comprise an automatic 3D simulation of a surgical sequence S(i) of the operation on the basis of the sub-module 202106 from the output data of the sub-module 202104.
- This simulation allows the operator to simulate in an automated or semi-automated mode by partially automated assistance during the process.
- this module allows the operator to predefine selection criteria, such as for example the preservation of the anatomical and mechanical axes of a fractured bone with a view to simulation of the osteosynthesis surgical sequence in the context of the orthopedic specialty (step A4 in Figure 7).
- These sub-tasks further comprise an automatic digital generation of a standard or specific medical device for the anatomy of the patient DM(j) based on the sub-module 202108, from the output data of the sub-module 202106
- the association with the module 208 thus makes it possible to generate and position in an automatic or semi-automatic mode (depending on the degree of assistance) implantable medical devices or ancillary instrumentation for assisting surgery, such as for example osteosynthesis systems ⁇ bone plate, bone anchoring systems ⁇ making it possible to obtain the best stability of the assembly in the context of fracture repair, as well as all the associated surgical guides. It can also be to automatically simulate a stent (step A5 in Figure 7).
- the interface module 210 consists of a set of functions enabling and facilitating communication between the data processing infrastructure 200 and third-party applications with the aim of mutually exchanging services or data. These interfaces can be, without limitation, API, web service or file exchange type interfaces.
- the digital file export module 212 for manufacturing medical devices of the implant or ancillary instrumentation type, standard or specific to the patient's anatomy, or anatomical elements of said patient takes as input the data from storage devices 204 and 2024, resulting from steps A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5. It executes a set of algorithms which make it possible to generate files intended for the module 500, which may contain in particular: digital files, a metadata file, 2D representations.
- the digital files represent implantable devices modeled from the patient's anatomy (eg: bone plate in orthopedic surgery); ancillary instruments for surgical assistance also modeled from the patient's anatomy, possibly of the “guide” type, made to measure; or even anatomical elements.
- These files are typically in a format that can be in particular STL (abbreviation for the English term Stereolithography), AMF (for English Additive Manufacturing File format) or even OBJ (for English Object file).
- the metadata file may include additional information necessary for manufacturing (dimensional marks, specific geometric information, control tags, positions and types of specific locations intended to receive permanent or temporary installation systems for the needs of surgery).
- the 2D representations make it possible to generate industrial type definition plans, directly usable for manufacturing.
- Module 212 is used in step A6 of the synoptic shown in Figure 7.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a block diagram of the data processing and display module 300.
- the module 300 for processing and displaying data intended for operators comprises a module 302 for processing and displaying data to any type of computer terminal.
- a non-exhaustive list includes: computer, smartphone, tablet, virtual reality device, augmented reality device.
- the data processing and display module 300 also includes a processing and display module 304 intended for any type of computer terminal allowing augmented reality viewing.
- FIG. 6 is a functional diagram describing the connections between the various modules of the system Several simultaneous executions of the modules 302 or 304 can be connected jointly to the module 200 and visualize and manipulate the same information and objects.
- This possibility offered by the system covered by this document thus allows remote or local collaboration between several operators, possibly to share experience in surgical planning and surgical guidance, but also for assistance between peers, professionals in the medical field, for the purpose of assistance with expertise in pathological cases or even medical training.
- the operator terminal module 302 is in the form of a thick (local) client type application installed on the operating system or thin client accessible through an internet browser.
- This operator terminal module 302 is accessible for example from a computer terminal (computer, smartphone, tablet, virtual reality display device, augmented reality display device, etc.).
- This operator terminal module 302 comprises in particular: a 3D scene reception interface in the form of a stream 3022, a display and operating module 3024 making it possible to interact with 200 through the interface 210.
- the interface module 210 allows the operator to carry out surgical planning, regardless of the medical specialty, via the following operations, via a series of steps, shown in Figure 7.
- the PI step comprises: an upload of medical image files, for example of the DICOM type, to the storage device which may include medical data 204 via the interface 210.
- the data is then processed by the module 2028 to be generated in three dimensions and constitute the initial 3D scene of the entire process displayed in the form of a 3D scene by the module 202 and received through the flow generation interface 2004.
- Step P2 includes a characterization of the pathology affecting the patient by successive and possibly iterative execution of the following two sub-modules: segmentation of the tissues by calling the sub-module 202102 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200, identification and measurement by calling the sub-module 202104 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200.
- Step P3 comprises a modeling of the surgical gestures by "i" calls (1 ⁇ i ⁇ n) of the 3D simulation sub-module of a surgical sequence S(i) 202106 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200.
- step P2 several successive calls can thus be made to simulate the number of surgical sequences required by the planning of the pathology of interest. Each call generates a 3D scene different from the previous one (n scenes).
- Step P4 comprises modeling a standard medical device or one specific to the patient's anatomy by "j" calls (1 ⁇ j ⁇ n), m corresponding to the number of devices modeled) of the sub-module for digital generation of standard medical device or specific to the anatomy of the patient DM(j) 202108 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200.
- Step P2 and P3 several successive calls can thus be made to simulate the number of medical devices required per modeled medical treatment.
- Step P5 includes the review and validation of the planning by viewing the different steps P2 to P4 (or P3).
- the interface also makes it possible to enter information from the postoperative assessment at step G4 of the surgical guidance (FIG. 7), which may in particular contain dictated or entered text transmitted to the medical data storage device 204 via the interface 210, or possibly DICOM type medical imaging files transmitted to the module 2028 via the interface 210.
- step P2 can integrate a function for exporting in digital format the elements displayed or chosen by the operator for manufacture by the installation 500 via the module 2002, and possibly those stated in the introductory part.
- step P4 is optional and the planning of the surgical gesture may be sufficient with a view to then carrying out the surgical guidance.
- the augmented reality module 304 is in the form of a software application embedded on systems in reality increased.
- the module 304 comprises a 3D scene reception interface in the form of a stream 3042, a display and operating module 3044 allowing interaction with 200 through the interface 210, a 3D scene import interface 3046 , connected to the export interface 2002 of the calculation architecture 202, potentially through the interface 210, used in step G2, a data processing unit 3048 arranged to receive data coming from the 3046 3D scene import interface and data from the 3044 stream 3D scene import interface.
- the data processing unit 3048 is configured to generate an operator interface for display by the holographic display terminal.
- This unit also processes information from sensors which can be, for example, depth cameras, infrared sensors or transmitters to determine the correspondences between spatial references and allow the projection of holograms on the patient's anatomical reference zones to provide the best guidance. the operator, and in particular the surgeon (for example: projection of information, measurements, 3D objects modeled during planning, etc.).
- the interface allows the operator to carry out surgical planning in a manner analogous to what is described above, in particular via the following operations in holographic visualization for steps P2, P3, P4, P5.
- the holographic visualization comprises the visualization of 3D scenes generated by the module 202 and received through the stream reception interface 3042 and the stream generation interface 2004, or by importing a 3D scene generated by the module 202 and received through the 3D scene import interface in the form of stream 3046 and the export interface 2002.
- the holographic visualization also includes manipulation of 3D objects of the 3D scene with the hands or devices dedicated, relying on the data processing unit 3048 and the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200.
- step P2 includes the characterization of the pathology affecting the patient by successive and possibly iterative execution of the following two sub-modules: tissue segmentation by calling sub-module 202102 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200, identification and measurement by calling the sub-module 202104 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200.
- Step P3 comprises the modeling of the surgical gestures by "i" calls (1 ⁇ i ⁇ n) of the 3D simulation sub-module of a surgical sequence S(i) 202106 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200.
- step P2 several successive calls can thus be made to simulate the number of surgical sequences required by the planning of the pathology of interest. Each call generates a 3D scene different from the previous one (n scenes).
- Step P4 comprises a modeling of a standard medical device or one specific to the patient's anatomy by "j" calls (1 ⁇ j ⁇ m ⁇ n) of the digital generation sub-module of standard medical device or specific to the anatomy of the patient DM(j) 202108 by the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200.
- Step P2 and P3 several successive calls can thus be made to simulate the number of medical devices required by modeled medical treatment.
- Step P5 includes the review and validation of the planning by viewing the different steps P2 to P4 (or P3).
- step P4 is optional and the planning of the surgical gesture may be sufficient with a view to then carrying out the surgical guidance.
- the module 304 is also configured to provide the surgeon with a real-time visualization tool, possibly manual or in an automated mode, embedded on a preferably individual device as described above, compatible with use in the operating room during of a surgical intervention, for the purposes of holographic guidance to accompany the practitioner-operator during the performance of the operation planned beforehand and validated in step P5.
- This surgical guidance tool takes the form of an operator interface that allows the following steps to be carried out.
- Step G 1 comprises an initiation of the surgical guidance process by selecting during this first step a previously planned operation, possibly presented as a file relating to said operation, by referring explicitly or anonymously to the patient concerned by the operation, and/or on the scheduled date of the surgery.
- the module 304 then connects to the 3D rendering engine 2026 via the stream reception interface 3042 to display the objects resulting from the steps P1 to P5, possibly in a sequential mode, or optionally by importing the data from the interface of export 2002 during this step (step A6 in Figure 2).
- Step G2 includes the visualization of the surgical planning carried out beforehand and validated in step P5, typically in the form of holograms including in particular the 2D or 3D representation of the medical imaging examination, possibly in a combined presentation of the two types of formats, making it possible to navigate simultaneously in these multiple representations according to the inputs of the operator, for example according to the multiplanar reconstruction model used in medical imaging for the analysis of files (for example computed tomography).
- the hologram also includes the 3D scenes from the pathology characterization step as output data from the 202102 tissue segmentation and 202104 identification and measurement sub-modules.
- the hologram also includes the 3D scenes from the surgical gesture modeling step as output data from the 202106 sub-module 3D simulation of a surgical sequence S(i). This possibly includes the 3D view of the anatomical element of interest before and after surgical treatment if applicable (for example: bone before and after reconstruction as part of the treatment of a fracture in orthopedic surgery) as well as the information and notes entered or calculated during planning.
- the holograms also include, if applicable, the 3D scenes resulting from the step of modeling standard medical devices or specific to the patient's anatomy as output data from the sub-module 202108 for digital generation of standard medical devices. or specific to the anatomy of the DM(j) patient.
- this corresponds for example to bone anchoring systems of the screw type, temporary fixation devices of the surgical pin type (example: Kirschner wire), a bone plate or even surgical guides.
- the holograms also include the manipulation of 3D objects with the hands or using dedicated devices, relying on the interfaces 210 provided by the infrastructure 200, and perform measurement operations, for example of distance and angles on the holograms or on the patient.
- Step G3 includes an automatic positioning functionality on the patient during the intervention of the elements resulting from the surgical planning and represented in 3D in holographic form.
- this corresponds for example to the automatic positioning of standard medical devices or specific to the patient's anatomy: bone anchoring systems of the screw type, temporary fixation devices of the surgical pin type (example: Kirschner wire), osteosynthesis plate or even surgical guides for cutting, orientation or drilling, for example.
- This so-called “registered” positioning of holograms on the patient can be done for example by algorithms of the artificial intelligence module 208.
- Step G4 includes an entry of information from the operating report, which may in particular contain: captures in the form of images or video sequences taken during the surgical operation by the augmented reality display system. These captures are obtained either by triggering by the operator (for example: by voice or by gestures), or automated by prior parameterization carried out by the operator during surgical planning. These captures are transmitted to the medical data storage device 204 by the interface 210, text dictated or entered using a virtual keyboard transmitted to the medical data storage device 204 by the interface 210.
- the installation 500 is for manufacturing medical devices of the implant type or ancillary instrumentation, standard or specific to the anatomy of the patient, or anatomical elements of said patient.
- the system 100 includes the installation 500.
- the system 100 does not include the installation 500.
- the installation 500 allows the use of files in digital format coming from of the export module 212 for the manufacture on request of medical devices of the implant type or ancillary instrumentation the anatomy of the patient, or of anatomical elements of said patient.
- the installation 500 can be a subtractive (for example machining) or additive (for example 3D printing) manufacturing process allowing the shaping of standard medical devices or specific to the patient's anatomy.
- the materials used, compatible with healthy use can be metallic, ceramic, plastic, organic or composite.
- the installation 500 also integrates all of the post-processing steps for standard medical devices or specific to the patient's anatomy to allow their future use in surgery. These steps are typically the following (but are not limited to) one or more heat treatment steps, one or more surface treatment steps, one or more medical grade cleaning steps, one or more packaging step(s) in environments with or without controlled atmospheres, a sterilization step for the finished products.
- the installation also makes it possible, where appropriate, to manufacture anatomical elements such as organs or portions of organs, or even bone elements (fragments, individualized bones, etc.).
- the architecture according to the present disclosure is implemented by a surgeon during the three stages which are the stages of planning, manufacturing and guidance. During the manufacturing stage, one or more anatomical elements, one or more implantable medical devices and/or one or more ancillary instrumentation medical devices can be manufactured. The architecture according to the present disclosure can also be implemented in collaborative form during one or more of the various aforementioned steps.
- the architecture according to the present disclosure can be implemented for surgery with remote preoperative assistance for which the surgeon requests one or more third person(s) for assistance in the preparation surgery, during the planning stage, remotely, for example one of his colleagues in the same specialty, a colleague from another specialty, for example a radiologist.
- the surgeon can also seek the advice of other technical experts (accompaniment in the use of new surgical equipment for example). All third-party consultations can also be combined to help the surgeon operating the solution to take the best therapeutic orientation.
- telexpertise remote assistance in English
- the architecture according to the present disclosure can be implemented for surgery with remote intraoperative assistance for which the surgeon requests one or more third person(s) for remote surgical assistance.
- the surgeon requests one or more third person(s) for remote surgical assistance.
- the intervention for example one of his colleagues from the same specialty, a colleague from another specialty, for example a radiologist.
- the surgeon can also seek the advice of other technical experts (support in the use of surgical equipment, for example).
- the preoperative assistance described according to the first possibility and the intraoperative assistance described according to the second possibility can be combined.
- the architecture according to the present disclosure is implemented by the surgeon only during a planning stage, with a manufacturing stage reduced to manufacturing of an anatomical element, and without an intraoperative guidance step.
- This case of use allows the surgeon to explain, with the visual aid formed by the anatomical element, the consequences he envisages for the patient. The result may be not to operate.
- FIG. 8 is another example of a flowchart describing the specific steps for implementing surgical planning (P2 to P4).
- the check begins when a medical image file is uploaded at step 804, for example a file of a CT nature such as a scan.
- the check determines, at step 808, if the scan is acceptable. If not, control jumps to 812 to request a new scan. Control then returns to 804. Otherwise, if the scan is acceptable, control continues to step 816 to build a three-dimensional model based on the uploaded scan. Control passes to step 820 to view the three-dimensional model. In step 824, the control performs tissue segmentation on the three-dimensional model.
- the check determines if the operator has accepted the tissue segmentation. As mentioned above, the operator/surgeon can adjust the segmentation if necessary. If the segmentation is not accepted, control continues at step 832 to receive the operator's correction and returns to step 824.
- step 836 If the segmentation is accepted, control continues to step 836 to perform a surgical simulation on the segmented three-dimensional model. Checking continues to step 840 to determine if the operator has accepted the simulation. If not, control continues at step 844 to allow operator correction and returns to step 836. Otherwise, the Continue checking in step 848 to model the implants using surgical simulation. Check proceeds to step 852 to determine if the operator has accepted the modeled implants. If not, control passes to step 856 to allow operator correction and returns to step 848. Otherwise, control passes to step 860 to perform validation of the modeled implants. .
- step 864 the check determines whether the operator has accepted the validation of the implants. If not, control continues to 868 to receive operator correction and return to step 860. Otherwise, control proceeds to step 872 to generate and transmit digital files for manufacture of the implant. Then the check ends.
- Figure 9 is another example of a flowchart describing the specific steps for implementing surgical guidance (G 1 to G4). Control begins guidance, for example, by operator selection of a start button on an operator interface. In step 904, the control reviews the scan that was used for guidance. In step 908, the control reviews tissue segmentation. Control continues at step 912 to position the three-dimensional objects on the patient's body.
- Figure 10 is a high-level representation of an implementation of system 100.
- system 100 is implemented via a distributed communication network or processing infrastructure.
- data 200 comprising a processor and a memory.
- the data processing infrastructure 200 receives medical image files from a scanning device 1000, such as a scanner, and generates surgical guides and digital implant files.
- Surgical guidance can be transmitted to multiple operators or devices, such as terminal module 302 computer and augmented reality module 304 (like a streaming headset).
- digital implant files which provide instructions for constructing implants (developed using the surgical guidance function applied to a particular patient) can be transmitted to the manufacturing facility's Module 500 which can build the implant on site.
- Figure 11 is a graphical representation of an operator view of a guided surgical operation using system 100.
- augmented reality module 304 is shown in a mixed reality view, illustrating a guide surgical device (which could also be an implant) on the particular patient to help guide the operator (represented as a hand).
- module or the term “controller” may be replaced by the term “circuit”.
- the term “module” may refer to, be part of, or include: an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC); a digital, analog or mixed analog/digital discrete circuit; a digital, analog or mixed analog/digital integrated circuit; a combinational logic circuit; a programmable gate array (FPGA); a processor circuit (shared, dedicated or group) that executes code; a memory circuit (shared, dedicated or group) which stores the code executed by the processor circuit; other appropriate hardware components that provide the functionality described; or a combination of some or all of the above, such as in a system-on-chip.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- FPGA programmable gate array
- the module may include one or more interface circuits.
- the interface circuit(s) may implement wired or wireless interfaces that connect to a local area network (LAN) or wireless personal area network (WP AN).
- LANs are the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.11-2016 (also known as the WIFI wireless networking standard) and the IEEE standard 802.3-2015 (also known as known as the ETHERNET cable network standard).
- WPAN are the IEEE 802.15.4 standard (including the ZigBee Alliance's ZIGBEE standard) and, from the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), the BLUETOOTH wireless networking standard (including versions 3.0, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 5.0 and 5.1 of the Bluetooth SIG Base Specification).
- SIG Bluetooth Special Interest Group
- the module can communicate with other modules using the interface circuit(s). Although the module may be described herein as logically communicating directly with other modules, in various implementations the module may actually communicate through a communications system.
- the communication system includes physical and/or virtual networking equipment such as hubs, switches, routers and gateways.
- the communication system connects to or traverses a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet.
- WAN wide area network
- the communication system may include multiple local area networks interconnected over the Internet or point-to-point leased lines using technologies such as multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) and virtual private networks (VPN).
- MPLS multiprotocol label switching
- VPN virtual private networks
- the functionality of the module may be distributed among several modules which are connected via the communication system.
- multiple modules can implement the same functionality distributed by a load balancing system.
- module functionality can be split between a server module (also called a remote or "cloud" module) and a client (or operator) module.
- the client module may include a native or web application running on a client device and in network communication with the server module.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2008890A FR3113576B1 (fr) | 2020-09-02 | 2020-09-02 | Procédé et système intégré d’assistance à la mise en place d’une démarche thérapeutique personnalisée pour patients sujets à une prise en charge médico-chirurgicale. |
| PCT/FR2021/051482 WO2022049334A1 (fr) | 2020-09-02 | 2021-08-24 | Procédé et système intégré d'assistance à la mise en place d'une démarche thérapeutique personnalisée pour patients sujets à une prise en charge médico-chirurgicale. |
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| EP4208871A1 true EP4208871A1 (fr) | 2023-07-12 |
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| EP21770051.7A Pending EP4208871A1 (fr) | 2020-09-02 | 2021-08-24 | Procédé et système intégré d'assistance à la mise en place d'une démarche thérapeutique personnalisée pour patients sujets à une prise en charge médico-chirurgicale |
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| EP (1) | EP4208871A1 (fr) |
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| FR (1) | FR3113576B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022049334A1 (fr) |
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| CN116458999A (zh) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-07-21 | 辰星医疗科技(佛山)有限公司 | 一种结合3d打印和xr技术的精准手术辅助系统 |
| CN118161262B (zh) * | 2024-02-01 | 2025-02-18 | 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 | 脊柱微创手术机器人的辅助定位方法 |
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| FR3071654B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-10-23 | Insimo | Procede et systeme de simulation d'une modification morphologique et/ou fonctionnelle d'un organe humain ou animal |
| JP7466928B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-12 | 2024-04-15 | オルソグリッド システムズ ホールディング,エルエルシー | 人工知能の術中外科的ガイダンスシステムと使用方法 |
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- 2021-08-24 CN CN202180053050.4A patent/CN116261757A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3113576B1 (fr) | 2025-02-14 |
| CA3190545A1 (fr) | 2022-03-10 |
| CN116261757A (zh) | 2023-06-13 |
| WO2022049334A1 (fr) | 2022-03-10 |
| FR3113576A1 (fr) | 2022-03-04 |
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