EP4206405A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer verbreiterten pfahlbasis - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung einer verbreiterten pfahlbasis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4206405A1
EP4206405A1 EP22460079.1A EP22460079A EP4206405A1 EP 4206405 A1 EP4206405 A1 EP 4206405A1 EP 22460079 A EP22460079 A EP 22460079A EP 4206405 A1 EP4206405 A1 EP 4206405A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hole
blasting agent
pile
casing pipe
blasting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22460079.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mateusz Wyrolsak
Eligiusz Mieloszyk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Politechnika Gdanska
Original Assignee
Politechnika Gdanska
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Politechnika Gdanska filed Critical Politechnika Gdanska
Publication of EP4206405A1 publication Critical patent/EP4206405A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/385—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with removal of the outer mould-pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/44—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
    • E02D5/445—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile by application of pyrotechniques
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/56—Screw piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/72—Pile shoes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down

Definitions

  • the invention refers to method for obtaining a widened pile base - broadening in the base of pile, extended pile base, having industrial application in building construction, together with the improvement of the soil around the base of the pile, as well as to method of elaborating an explosive charge in the base of the formed pile.
  • pile foundations that enable the foundation of the building especially on weak soil.
  • pile solutions for foundations on weak soils also reduces the costs of the entire investment.
  • the bearing capacity of piles is an important parameter from the engineering and economic point of view.
  • One of the methods of increasing their bearing capacity is to use a widened/enlarged pile base. This is the case, for example, with Franki piles, Soilex piles, Compaction Grounting Omega piles.
  • the patent description CN 101235639 discloses an explosive expansion device to form bell-shaped bottom of piles, in other words for expanding the pile base, and a method of forming piles using this device.
  • the mechanism of directed impact of the shock wave is described - downwards, which limits the possibility of swelling of the pile shaft in the immediate vicinity of the pile base (approx. 1-1.5 m).
  • the aim of the invention was to provide a technology for obtaining a widened pile base and improving the soil around the pile base, without the need to use additional mechanical elements.
  • the invention allows for the dynamic shaping of the pile tip depending on the soil flexibility for this process.
  • the method of forming an extended pile base - extension in the base comprises following process steps.
  • an appropriate hole in the ground is provided - made, that can cover location below the groundwater level, using common known and freely chosen method by the person skilled in the art, preferably by drilling or driving in a temporary casing or a temporary cast pipe with a lost tip.
  • a blasting agent is placed with a fuse, preferably formed into a compact cuboid package, in the calculated amount, preferably from 1 kg to 2.5 kg, such that after the explosion a cavern is obtained below the base of the pile, widening the hole made in the ground.
  • the blasting agent is mining explosives, preferably ammonite, ergodium or TNT.
  • the blasting agent is connected to a blasting conduit outside the hole.
  • structural concrete is fed into the hole in the amount calculated for the power of the load and soil parameters in such a way that the given concrete covers the blasting medium and fills not less than half of the hole, then the casing pipe is raised by at least 1 meter and the blasting medium is fired.
  • the shock wave and the expanding post-explosion gases affecting the ground, widen the hole in the base of the pile being formed, creating a cavern, which is gravitationally filled with structural concrete.
  • the pile is formed to the end, by filling the hole with structural concrete to the ground surface and preferably installing a reinforcing cage if required for design reasons. After the entire pile is formed, the temporary casing pipe is removed by vibrating it out.
  • structural concrete is fed in the amount calculated for the load power and soil parameters, so that it fills not less than half of the casing pipe, then the casing pipe is raised by at least 1 meter, and after detonation of the blasting agent and installation of the reinforcement cage and filling with structural concrete, the temporary casing pipe is removed.
  • the proposed method according to the invention is based on the selection of blasting techniques that have not been used so far in the piling process, although in remote geotechnics the so-called blasting method is known and appropriate for soil improvement.
  • the method of forming a widened pile base with an explosive charge can be used in known technologies for making piles, e.g. piles made by drilling or piles made by driving the casing pipe with the so-called lost tip.
  • the invention provides and is based on the method of widening the base of the pile as such, as well as the methodology of elaborating the load.
  • a package of explosives preferably in the form of a compact cuboid with a detonator detonated with an electric wire is placed at the bottom of the hole in the ground after drilling, for example by lowering it on a steel cable (it is also possible to feed a gel or loose blasting agent through a chute), then the charge is covered with concrete by partially concreting the pile shaft. Fresh, unbound concrete, due to the influence of its mass, directs the spreading and accumulation of the shock wave in the low-bearing ground.
  • the method of elaborating the blasting agent comprises the step of placing a package of explosives, preferably in the form of a compact cuboid with a detonator detonated by a blasting wire, for example, by lowering it on a steel wire, at the bottom of the hole in the ground after drilling or driving the temporary casing with lost tip, just before partial concreting of the pile. It is also possible to use a gel/loose blasting agent fed to the bottom of the hole with a discharge pipe).
  • the control comprises in choosing the right amount of explosive for the type of soil. Therefore, according to the invention, it is important that structural concrete is fed into the hole in the amount calculated for the load power and soil parameters, so that it fills not less than half of the hole and covers the blasting agent. Then, detonation is carried out by firing the blasting agent, during which we cause the impact of the shock wave by detonation on the ground and the expansion of the post-explosion gases forms a cavern which is an extension of the hole in the ground around the base of the pile. The entire cavern is then gravitationally filled with structural concrete.
  • the cavern means a widened hole in the base of the pile, made as a result of the action of an explosive charge, into which concrete flows by gravity.
  • the cavern therefore means the widening of this hole in the ground around the base of the pile.
  • the invention enables to achive improvement (compaction or consolidation) of the soil around the widened base of the pile.
  • the technologies known so far either do not take this phenomenon into account or compact the soil in a small area around the widening of the pile base.
  • the passage of the shock wave consolidates the soil more profoundly and at a greater distance from the base of the pile.
  • Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 show the successive stages of the method of forming an extended pile base using the method of drilling or driving a temporary casing pipe with a lost tip, i.e.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a hole with a drilled steel pipe
  • Fig. 2 shows a mounted blasting agent with a wire and raised temporary casing
  • Fig. 3 shows the detonation of the blasting agent
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of a pile with an enlarged base.
  • Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 show the successive steps of the method of forming a widened pile base using the screw rotary head on the central tube method
  • Fig. 9 to Fig. 12 show the successive initial steps of the method of forming a widened pile base using the bored piles in temporary casing method.
  • the method of forming the expanded pile base is illustrated by the following examples.
  • Example 1 The example is illustrated successively in Fig. 1- Fig. 4 .
  • Vibro technology was used in one embodiment, Vibro-Fundex and Vibrex in other embodiments.
  • the pile was 0.4 m in diameter and 5 m long in one example and 9 m in another embodiment.
  • the blasting agent 2 used was an elaborated package: ammonite, TNT, ergodine with a total weight of 0.5 kg.
  • Detonation blasting agent 2 fired remotely by a primer (igniter) through an electric wire 3.
  • Soil type hydrated cohesive or non-cohesive.
  • the cavern obtained in this way, i.e.: diameter of the widened pile base 0.8 m, volume of the resulting cavern: 0.3 m 3 .
  • a hole 1 is obtained in the ground.
  • a package of blasting agent 2 connected by a blasting wire 3 with a detonating igniter located on the ground surface is lowered to its bottom.
  • the resulting hole 1 is half filled with structural concrete.
  • the blasting agent 2 is detonated, the post-explosion gases expand, which in turn causes the concrete plug to be lifted upwards and a post-explosion cavern is created in the base of the pile.
  • soil improvement outside the cavern is initiated.
  • the post-explosion gas pressure is lowered and the created cavern is gravitationally filled with structural concrete from the inside of the casing pipe 5. The remains of the post-explosion gas rise through the casing pipe 5.
  • reinforcement is installed, i.e. a reinforcing cage 4 and the casing pipe 5 is filled with structural concrete. Then, the casing pipe is drilled. A pile with a widened base is obtained, increasing its load bearing capacity.
  • Example 2 The example is illustrated successively in Fig. 5 - Fig. 8 .
  • Atlas screw pile technology was used, diameter 560/810 mm and length 10 m in one example and 15 m in another embodiment.
  • the blasting agent 2 used was suspension or emulsion saltpeter, hydroammonite with a weight of 1.5 kg.
  • Detonation blasting agent 2 fired remotely by a primer (igniter) through an electric wire 3.
  • Soil type hydrated cohesive or non-cohesive.
  • the cavern obtained in this way i.e.: diameter of the widened pile base 1,2 m, volume of the resulting cavern: 0.9 m 3 .
  • the lost tip 9 remains at the bottom of the hole 1.
  • the blasting cap 10 with the blasting wire 3 brought to the surface is lowered to the bottom of the hole 1.
  • the blasting agent 2 is fed through the central tube 8 in a loose or emulsion form, then the central tube 8 is partially filled with structural concrete.
  • a cavern is created in the ground, which is gravitationally filled with structural concrete, forming a widened base of the pile.
  • Example 3 The example is illustrated successively in Fig. 9 - Fig. 12 and Fig. 4 .
  • the technology of drilling in a temporary casing pipe (large diameter piles) was used.
  • the diameter was 1.2 m and the length was 25 m in one example and 30 m in another embodiment.
  • the blasting agent 2 used was an elaborated package: ammonite, TNT, ergodine weighing 2.5 kg.
  • Detonation blasting agent 2 fired remotely by a primer through an electric wire 3.
  • Soil type hydrated cohesive or non-cohesive.
  • the resulting diameter of the widened pile base is 2 m, the volume of the resulting cavern is 3 m 3 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP22460079.1A 2021-12-31 2022-12-28 Verfahren zur herstellung einer verbreiterten pfahlbasis Pending EP4206405A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL440070A PL440070A1 (pl) 2021-12-31 2021-12-31 Sposób formowania poszerzonej podstawy pala

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4206405A1 true EP4206405A1 (de) 2023-07-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22460079.1A Pending EP4206405A1 (de) 2021-12-31 2022-12-28 Verfahren zur herstellung einer verbreiterten pfahlbasis

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4206405A1 (de)
PL (1) PL440070A1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2244780C1 (ru) * 2003-05-23 2005-01-20 Прилуцкий Олег Григорьевич Способ возведения столбчатого фундамента мелкого заложения с камуфлетным уширением
CN101126237A (zh) * 2007-09-29 2008-02-20 周亚萍 三级扩底预制与现浇钢砼组合桩身的爆破成桩方法
CN101235639A (zh) 2008-02-18 2008-08-06 翟宇思 砼灌注孔底爆扩桩的爆扩装置及成桩方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2244780C1 (ru) * 2003-05-23 2005-01-20 Прилуцкий Олег Григорьевич Способ возведения столбчатого фундамента мелкого заложения с камуфлетным уширением
CN101126237A (zh) * 2007-09-29 2008-02-20 周亚萍 三级扩底预制与现浇钢砼组合桩身的爆破成桩方法
CN101235639A (zh) 2008-02-18 2008-08-06 翟宇思 砼灌注孔底爆扩桩的爆扩装置及成桩方法

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Publication number Publication date
PL440070A1 (pl) 2023-07-03

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Inventor name: MIELOSZYK, ELIGIUSZ

Inventor name: WYROSLAK, MATEUSZ