EP4203119A1 - Dispositif électronique d'une pile à biocombustible et carte de circuit imprimé - Google Patents

Dispositif électronique d'une pile à biocombustible et carte de circuit imprimé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4203119A1
EP4203119A1 EP21306926.3A EP21306926A EP4203119A1 EP 4203119 A1 EP4203119 A1 EP 4203119A1 EP 21306926 A EP21306926 A EP 21306926A EP 4203119 A1 EP4203119 A1 EP 4203119A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pcb
biofuel cell
aperture
electronic device
gdl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21306926.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marie BERTHUEL
Aleksandrs SERGEJEVS
Jean-francis BLOCH
Jules HAMMOND
Sébastien SOLAN
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Befc
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Befc
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Priority to EP21306926.3A priority Critical patent/EP4203119A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2022/087544 priority patent/WO2023118466A1/fr
Publication of EP4203119A1 publication Critical patent/EP4203119A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an electronic device comprising a biofuel cell and a printed circuit board (PCB) with a hole/aperture, the biofuel cell comprising a gas diffusion layer (GDL) air breathing aperture, the electronic device being characterized in that an aperture is formed into the PCB opposite the GDL air breathing aperture, the biofuel cell being attached to the PCB
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • GDL gas diffusion layer
  • references in square brackets ([ ]) refer to the list of references at the end of the text.
  • Biofuel cells offer an attractive means to provide eco-friendly and sustainable power to electronic devices, particularly for small portable devices for applications such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, bio-defense, etc.
  • enzyme-based fuel cells can operate using substrates that are abundant in the biological fluids and environmental effluent (i.e., glucose and oxygen) whilst exhibiting power densities that are often superior to microbial fuel cells, they offer an attractive proposition to augment or self-power miniaturised wearable or implantable devices [1,2,3].
  • paper-based devices are gaining popularity as propositions for these types of applications owing to their low mass, small form factor and flexibility, allowing them to conform to a range of different surfaces.
  • GDLs Gas diffusion layers
  • Carbon-based GDLs are porous materials composed of a dense array of carbon fibers, which may also be modified with other carbon micro-/nano-structures. This structure provides intrinsic hydrophobicity, reducing loss of liquid, but may also be further treated (e.g., inclusion of PTFE) to increase hydrophobicity.
  • one of the main factors reducing the operational lifetime is the loss of liquid within the fuel cell. It is therefore interesting to increase the available volume of liquid within the device. If a constant/continuous supply of liquid cannot be provided (for instance where a body could provide a steady supply of biological fluid), one option, particularly for miniaturized, single-use devices, is to provide a liquid reservoir [7] in order to provide a mechanism to maintain wetting of the interfaces.
  • this liquid reservoir will naturally occupy a volume.
  • the volume must be spread across the plane of the device (xy axes).
  • the total thickness can be minimized.
  • this technique is that this surface cannot be used to provide an aperture for the provision of an air-breathing cathode, particularly when the optimum location for the aperture is in the center of the active area (center of electrode) of the device.
  • conductive films such as a singular anisotropic conductive film (ACF) or multiple isotropic conductive films (ICF) are championed due to their low cost, low thickness (typically less than 100 micron), and ability to be used in mass production (such as roll-to-roll processing), otherwise surface mount technology (SMT) ribbon cable connectors may be employed for reusable applications.
  • ACF singular anisotropic conductive film
  • ICF multiple isotropic conductive films
  • SMT surface mount technology
  • biofuel cells are usually made as standalone devices, or they are made as a part of a PCB.
  • combination of a standalone biofuel cell with a functional PCB presents some challenges such as delivery of oxygen to the cathode of the fuel cell through the PCB for example.
  • combination of a biofuel cell with a functional PCB requires spatial constraint and specific arrangement e.g. the place for the contact pads, the place for the inlet, the electronic component, the location of the sensors, etc....
  • an electronic device comprising a biofuel cell (International Application WO 2019/234573 ) [7] and a hollow printed circuit board (PCB) having an aperture formed opposite the GDL air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell attached to the PCB, with the purpose to solve the problems of :
  • the glucose-oxygen biofuel cell consists of two carbon electrodes functionalized by different enzymes for the oxidation of glucose (e.g., glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase), and reduction of oxygen (e.g., laccase or bilirubin oxidase), with a cellulose separator, a gas diffusion layer (GLD) (to provide current collection and flux of oxygen/air) at the biocathode, and encapsulated by a robust cellulose paper (water proof, grease proof, and heat proof) that includes apertures for electrical contacts, flux of oxygen/air, and a liquid inlet, bonded with a liquid reservoir to provide increased longevity by reducing the time taken for the liquid to be lost via the gas diffusion layer.
  • glucose glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase
  • oxygen e.g., laccase or bilirubin oxidase
  • the current technology of said biofuel cell is based on 7 layers: External layer; Current collector (carbon felt; e.g. from Panasonic EYGS, sgl carbon, ProGraphiteShop); Anode (nanotube felt with mediators and enzymes; e.g. from DSM, SHIN NIHON CHEMICAL, Sigma Aldrich); Microfluidic layer (cellulosic paper; e.g. from VWR European, Ahlstrom Munksjo); Cathode (nanotube felt with promoter and enzymes; e.g. from Creative enzymes, Sigma Aldrich); Current collector and gas diffusion layer (GDL, ideally with MPL) (hydrophobic carbon felt; e.g. from sgl carbon, FuelCellStore); then External layer.
  • the paper biofuel cell with liquid reservoir is then attached to a PCB which includes an aperture aligned to the aperture into the biofuel cell providing flux of oxygen/air.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore an electronic device comprising a biofuel cell and a printed circuit board (PCB) with an aperture (or hole), the biofuel cell comprising a gas diffusion layer (GDL) air breathing aperture, the electronic device being characterized in that the aperture formed into the PCB is opposite the GDL air breathing aperture, the biofuel cell being attached to the PCB.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • GDL gas diffusion layer
  • the aperture into the PCB is at least one hole.
  • the aperture into the PCB has an area from 1/10 to 2 times the GDL air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell.
  • the aperture into the PCB is equipped with a material that is permeable to the oxygen.
  • the material is in the form selected from the group consisting of a grid, and a membrane.
  • the aperture into the PCB is in the form of a plurality of contiguous holes made in the PCB itself, the said holes together forming a grid opposite the GDL air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell.
  • the biofuel cell is attached to the PCB by an ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Film) tape, by a Teflon tape (e.g. from Techniflon) or by any biodegradable or lowest environmental impact means (e.g. a biodegradable adhesive such as paper tape or water-dissolving tape, e.g. from Adhesives Research) or by a snap-fit means.
  • ACF Anaisotropic Conductive Film
  • Teflon tape e.g. from Techniflon
  • any biodegradable or lowest environmental impact means e.g. a biodegradable adhesive such as paper tape or water-dissolving tape, e.g. from Adhesives Research
  • a snap-fit means e.g., a snap-fit means.
  • the snap-fit means comprises at least one spur formed either onto the surface of the biofuel cell in contact with the surface of the PCB or onto the surface of the PCB in contact with the surface of the biofuel cell, and at least one slot complementary to said at least one spur formed either onto the surface of the PCB in contact with the surface of the biofuel cell or onto the surface of the biofuel cell in contact with the surface of the PCB, respectively, such that the said at least one spur slots into the said at least one slot to attach thereby the biofuel cell to the PCB.
  • the said at least one spur and the said at least one slot surrounds the (GDL) air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell and the aperture formed into the PCB, while the aperture formed into the PCB is opposite the GDL air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell.
  • the snap-fit means comprises several spurs formed either onto the surface of the biofuel cell in contact with the surface of the PCB or onto the surface of the PCB in contact with the surface of the biofuel cell, and several slots complementary to said several spurs formed either onto the surface of the PCB in contact with the surface of the biofuel cell or onto the surface of the biofuel cell in contact with the surface of the PCB, respectively, such that the said several spurs slot into the said several complementary slots to attach thereby the biofuel cell to the PCB.
  • the said several spurs and the said several slots surround the (GDL) air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell and the aperture formed into the PCB, while the aperture formed into the PCB is opposite the GDL air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell.
  • the biofuel cell is an enzymatic fuel cell.
  • the PCB is composed of different electronic components.
  • the PCB comprises sensors, microprocessors, user interactions, communication modules, etc. or a combination thereof.
  • Figure 1 represents an electronic device of the present invention resulting from the attachment of an enzymatic fuel cell to a functional printed circuit board (PCB) with an aperture opposite the GDL air breathing aperture of the enzymatic fuel cell.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • Material for film substrate Polyimide (PI) or similar polymer, Polyester (PET), Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), PTFE, Aramid. There are approximately 2000 additional plastic film categories which can be potentially suitable for the Flexible PCB manufacturing.
  • FPCBs Flexible Printed Circuit Boards usually consist of 3 layers: substrate, adhesive and copper foil. Adhesive reduces the FPCB performance, both electrical and mechanical, therefore 2-layer FPCBs with no adhesive exist.
  • Methods of manufacturing the 2-layer FPCBs include electroplating, film coating and lamination. Electroplating is usually used for small scale cheaper boards, film coating is better for low cost mass production and lamination is usually used for double-sided FPCB manufacturing. Since all our boards are double sided, they are most likely manufactured using the lamination process.
  • PCBs with more than 2 layers are produced as separate PCBs, but prior to copper plating step they would be bonded together to make up a single board with internal layers. For example, for a 4-layer board two 2-layer boards would be made, then an insulator would be applied to one side of one of the boards and the other one would be glued on top of it. A result would be a board with 2 external and 2 internal layers, connections between layers would be done with the help of vias (which need to be plated, hence this happens before the plating step.
  • the shape and dimensions of the boards are arbitrary as we do adjust their shape and size based on the application.
  • the device for the production of electrical energy comprises an anode and a cathode.
  • the anode and cathode are made of materials allowing ion exchange.
  • the anode and cathode must have specific properties (thickness, conductivity, surface resistance), chosen according to the application. These elements can be impregnated with enzymes and mediators.
  • the anode and cathode comprise nanotube sheets, and in particular sheets composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as described above.
  • the nanotube sheet is impregnated with mediators and enzymes that enable the oxidation of glucose at the anode and the reduction of oxygen from the air to water at the anode.
  • the anode may comprise the enzyme glucose oxidase and/or FAD dehydrogenase for the oxidation of glucose as well as naphthoquinone and/or phenathrolinequinone as a redox mediator transferring electrons to the electrode!
  • the cathode may include the enzyme laccase, bilirubin oxidase and ABTS as mediators.
  • a microfluidic diffusion layer is placed between the anode and the cathode.
  • the latter allows the diffusion of a solution triggering the production of electrical energy by redox between the anode and the cathode.
  • the microfluidic layer can, for example, be a simple gap or, more advantageously, comprise or consist of a paper-like material in which the solution triggering redox can diffuse by capillarity. A compromise must be made between its thickness and its cellular capacity (volume of the voids).
  • This layer forms a separating layer between the anode and the cathode and can also constitute, at least partially, the diffusion support of the electrolyte.
  • the device for producing electrical energy can also include the usual elements of electrochemical cells and in particular of fuel cells.
  • the device may comprise conductive elements in contact with an anode (in particular on the opposite side of the anode face in contact with the microfluidic layer).
  • GDL diffusion of this gas
  • the electrical energy production device can comprise a support, preferably quite rigid, and a covering element (blister, liquid reservoir, protective materials), for example a glass fiber, plastic or polystyrene band, or preferably a biosourced material, surrounding all the elements described above, with the exception of the reservoir, which is accessible in order to be able to release its contents.
  • a covering element for example a glass fiber, plastic or polystyrene band, or preferably a biosourced material, surrounding all the elements described above, with the exception of the reservoir, which is accessible in order to be able to release its contents.
  • a covering element for example a glass fiber, plastic or polystyrene band, or preferably a biosourced material
  • Figure 1 is the graphical representation (top and reverse views) of an enzymatic fuel cell (B,E) attached to a functional PCB (C,D) and covered by a blister (or liquid reservoir), mounted on a substrate (A,F).
  • the top view shows the blister attached to its substrate (A), itself mounted on the back of the enzymatic fuel cell (B).
  • the last layer of the device is a functional PCB, populated by electronic components, two contact terminals/pads and an aperture opposite the GDL air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell (C).
  • the reversed view (right column) shows the functional PCB, populated by electronic components, with an aperture opposite the GDL air breathing aperture of the biofuel cell (E) itself mounted on the back of a blister attached to his substrate (F).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
EP21306926.3A 2021-12-23 2021-12-23 Dispositif électronique d'une pile à biocombustible et carte de circuit imprimé Pending EP4203119A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21306926.3A EP4203119A1 (fr) 2021-12-23 2021-12-23 Dispositif électronique d'une pile à biocombustible et carte de circuit imprimé
PCT/EP2022/087544 WO2023118466A1 (fr) 2021-12-23 2022-12-22 Dispositif électronique d'une pile à biocombustible et carte de circuit imprimé

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21306926.3A EP4203119A1 (fr) 2021-12-23 2021-12-23 Dispositif électronique d'une pile à biocombustible et carte de circuit imprimé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4203119A1 true EP4203119A1 (fr) 2023-06-28

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EP21306926.3A Pending EP4203119A1 (fr) 2021-12-23 2021-12-23 Dispositif électronique d'une pile à biocombustible et carte de circuit imprimé

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019234573A1 (fr) 2018-06-08 2019-12-12 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Biopile a reservoir de combustible
US20200337641A1 (en) * 2017-11-02 2020-10-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Flexible systems, devices and methods for epidermal monitoring of analytes and biomarkers in fluids on skin
WO2021170826A1 (fr) * 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Biopile bi-cathodique à combustible

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200337641A1 (en) * 2017-11-02 2020-10-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Flexible systems, devices and methods for epidermal monitoring of analytes and biomarkers in fluids on skin
WO2019234573A1 (fr) 2018-06-08 2019-12-12 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Biopile a reservoir de combustible
WO2021170826A1 (fr) * 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Biopile bi-cathodique à combustible

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
E. KATZK. MACVITTIE, ENERGY ENVIRON. SCI., vol. 6, 2013, pages 2791
P. ATANASSOVM. Y. EL-NAGGARS. COSNIERU. SCHRODER, CHEMELECTROCHEM, vol. 1, 2014, pages 1702 - 1704
P. FERREIRA-APARICIOA. M. CHAPARRO, INT. J. HYDROGEN ENERGY, vol. 39, 2014, pages 3997 - 4004
P. MANOJ KUMARA. K. KOLAR, INT. J. HYDROGEN ENERGY, vol. 35, 2010, pages 671 - 681
S. COSNIERA. J. GROSSA. LE GOFFM. HOLZINGER, J. POWER SOURCES, vol. 325, 2016, pages 252 - 263
Z. XIONGS. LIAOS. HOUH. ZOUD. DANGX. TIANH. NANT. SHUL. DU, INT. J. HYDROGEN ENERGY, vol. 41, 2016, pages 9191 - 9196

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