EP4200937A1 - Antenne mit einem ersten und einem zweiten einspeisepunkt - Google Patents
Antenne mit einem ersten und einem zweiten einspeisepunktInfo
- Publication number
- EP4200937A1 EP4200937A1 EP21758117.2A EP21758117A EP4200937A1 EP 4200937 A1 EP4200937 A1 EP 4200937A1 EP 21758117 A EP21758117 A EP 21758117A EP 4200937 A1 EP4200937 A1 EP 4200937A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiator
- feed point
- antenna
- signal
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
- H01Q9/22—Rigid rod or equivalent tubular element or elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to an antenna which can emit and receive signals simultaneously in different directions with vertical and circular polarization.
- the antenna is used, for example, on a watercraft.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to create an improved concept for communication by means of antennas, in particular maritime communication.
- Exemplary embodiments show an antenna with a first and a second radiator, which are each designed to emit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation.
- the first and/or the second radiator are designed, for example, as omnidirectional radiators. Different geometries are possible, in particular parts of the omnidirectional radiator can be shaped, for example, as a truncated cone.
- the first radiator has N helical radiator elements, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to one.
- the first and second radiators are arranged sequentially. This means that both radiators are arranged one behind the other in a central plan view from above.
- the antenna has a first feed point for a first signal, the first feed point being between the first and second radiators.
- the first feed point has a first contact that contacts the first radiator and has a second contact that contacts the second radiator.
- a feed point is understood to be a number of contacts into which the same signal is fed.
- the contacts are not directly (electrically) connected to each other, so there is no short circuit between the contacts.
- the first feed point can each have a contact at which the first signal is fed into the first radiator (first contact) and at which the first signal is fed into the second radiator (second contact).
- a (coaxial) line can therefore be connected to the first radiator with the first conductor (e.g. inner conductor) (first contact) and the second conductor (e.g. the outer conductor) can be connected to the second radiator (second contact).
- the first and the second line can carry the same signal 180° out of phase. That is, the first and second radiators are fed with a differential signal. The signal will still be the same signal even if the signal injected into two (or more) contacts is out of phase with each other.
- the feed point being between the radiators refers to the fact that the first and second radiators should each radiate the first signal over their full length. That is, the first and the second contact of the first feed point are advantageously arranged on the opposite end faces of the radiators and thus between the radiators.
- the radiators can be fed differentially, i.e. with a 180° phase-shifted signal. This can be done using a balancing network, a so-called balun. In this case there are two separate lines, one per radiator, carrying the differential signal. Alternatively, no balun is used but only a coaxial line, with the inner conductor being connected to one radiator and the outer conductor being connected to the other radiator of the dipole. This is also known as "single ended excitation".
- balun offers the technically better solution, the use of only one coaxial line is the more cost-effective solution.
- the antenna also has a second feed point for a second signal.
- the second feed point differs from the first feed point. This means that a contact assigned to the first feed point cannot also be assigned to the second feed point.
- the first and second radiators form a dipole that emits the first signal in a vertically polarized, substantially horizontal manner.
- the first radiator also forms a radiator which emits the second signal in a circularly polarized manner.
- the emission of the second signal takes place essentially in the upper hemisphere, ie in the direction of the sky or, if the second emitter is arranged below the first emitter, in the direction of the second emitter.
- the radiators can also be interchanged in terms of their spatial arrangement, so that the second radiator is arranged above the first radiator. Reference is again made to the typical orientation when using the antenna in service (principal direction of use).
- the idea is to implement two different antenna functions by means of the clever wiring of the antenna or the appropriately arranged radiators otherwise two different antennas are used.
- the antenna is operated as a dipole by feeding a signal into the first feed point.
- the first and the second radiator each form a pole of the dipole. Both radiators emit the same signal at the same time.
- a vertically polarized signal can be emitted essentially horizontally by means of the dipole.
- the antenna can also be fed with a signal by means of the second feed point. However, this signal is only fed into the first radiator.
- the first emitter can thus emit or receive a second signal in parallel, in particular with a circular polarization, independently of the first signal.
- the antenna in a first mode, enables in particular the reception and emission of vertically polarized signals from or in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, in a second mode, the antenna enables in particular the reception and transmission of circularly polarized signals from or into the upper hemisphere, e.g. for satellite communication.
- the antenna can work, for example, in the VHF and/or UHF range, in particular in a frequency band between 20 MHz and 350 MHz, in particular between 25 MHz and 170 MHz, for example between 30 MHz and 165 MHz, for VHF communication , between 210 MHz and 520 MHz, for example between 220 MHz and 512 MHz, for UHF LOS (line of sight propagation) or between 230MHz and 330MHz, for example between 240 MHz and 320 MHz, for UHF Satcom.
- the antenna can be operated simultaneously in the first and the second mode. Furthermore, it is also possible to operate the antenna in only one of the two modes.
- the second signal may be injected into the nth contact with a phase shift of (n-1) times 360° divided by N to generate the circular polarization of the second signal.
- the N helical radiator elements form an outer boundary of the first radiator.
- the first radiator is designed as a hollow body.
- the outer boundary is not continuous here To understand surface, but rather has openings to form the helical radiator elements.
- a first signal line carrying the first signal is routed through a cavity within the perimeter of the first radiator to contact the first feed point.
- the first signal line is routed through the first radiator over the entire length of the same.
- a second signal line carrying the second signal is routed into the cavity within the perimeter of the first radiator to contact the second feed point.
- the second signal line is routed into the first radiator, for example, at least to a third of the length of the latter.
- the second signal line runs at least partially within the hollow body of the first radiator.
- the N-contacts of the second feed point are also arranged in accordance with the route that the second signal line is routed into the first radiator.
- the position of the second feed point also influences the impedance of the first radiator and can therefore be used to adjust the first radiator.
- the position of the second feed point can be selected in such a way that the impedance of the second radiator is optimized for the antenna application, e.g. for line matching.
- the signal line can also be routed less than a third into the first radiator if the impedance is to be selected accordingly.
- the antenna can thus have a central signal feed underneath the radiators. Cables and electronic components outside of the antenna then do not disturb the radiation characteristics of the antenna and the interference is reduced to a minimum.
- the first signal line can contact both contacts of the first feed point.
- the signal line can be a coaxial cable whose inner conductor contacts one contact of the first feed point and whose outer conductor contacts the other contact of the first feed point.
- the first Feed point can also have an electronic circuit that contacts the first signal line.
- the electronic circuit can process the first signal, for example carry out an impedance transformation or split the first signal into two signals with a 180° phase shift and feed the two signals into the first and the second contact of the first feed point.
- the electronic circuit for processing the first signal can be a balancing network (also referred to as a balun). This enables the first and the second radiator to be fed symmetrically between the two radiators.
- the balancing network can also be arranged outside the antenna, for example below the antenna.
- a further first signal line can then be routed through the cavity of the first radiator.
- the first signal line can contact one contact of the first feed point and the further first signal line can contact the other contact of the first feed point.
- the electronic circuit is designed to carry out an impedance transformation when the "single ended excitation" is used. It goes without saying that the variants of contacting the first feed point are not final.
- the second signal line can contact a further electronic circuit.
- the further electronic circuit is optionally arranged in the cavity within the perimeter of the first radiator.
- the further electronic circuit can receive the second signal and duplicate it N times and provide it with an individual phase shift.
- the phase shift between the duplicated signals is advantageously N/360° (written out: N divided by 360 degrees).
- N second signal lines into the cavity, so that every second signal line contacts a helical emitter element.
- the second feed point is arranged in the hollow body of the first radiator. This enables the first signal to be decoupled from the second signal when both signals are radiated. Thus is it is possible to send and receive both signals at the same time and independently of each other.
- the N-helical radiator elements each have a plurality of line strips routed in parallel. Due to a plurality (typically two) conduction bands per radiator element, the first radiator has two resonant frequencies (double resonance), as a result of which broadband reception and broadband emission are possible in comparison to a helical radiator element with one conduction band. Typically, the two conductor strips have different widths.
- the first conduction band of a helical radiating element is directly connected to the second conduction band of an adjacent radiating element of the N-helical radiating elements. That is, there is an electrical connection between the first line band and the second line band of the same radiating element only via the second line band of the adjacent radiating element.
- a distance between the first and the second line band of the same radiating element is smaller than the distance between the first and the second line band of two adjacent radiating elements.
- other embodiments are also possible.
- a design is possible in which both line strips of the same radiating element are connected to one another. The consequence of this is that the distances between the two line strips of a radiating element can also be larger or smaller than the distance to the adjacent radiating element.
- the second conduction bands are connected to each other to form a radiating element of the dipole.
- the connection can also form a contact of the first radiator for the first feed point. This is advantageously done on an end face of the first radiator that faces the second radiator.
- the first line strips are arranged at a distance from the connection (first contact) of the second line strips and have no direct electrical contact with the connection of the second radiating elements. The electrical contact of the first tie straps to the connection (first contact) of the second tie straps takes place only via the second tie straps themselves.
- the decoupling between the signals that are radiated or received using the first line bands and the signals that are radiated or received using the second line bands is caused, among other things, by common-mode rejection of the feed network with which the second signal is fed into the N contacts of the second feed point is fed in.
- the helix's feed network presents a high resistance to the currents on the radiating elements of the dipole.
- the effective distance between the feed points ie the transit time that the first and the second signal require until they reach the other feed point, also contributes to the decoupling.
- the effective distance is greatest when the N-contacts for feeding in the second signal are arranged as close as possible to the end face on which the feeding point for the first signal is arranged.
- the nth contact of the second feed point contacts the first conduction band of the nth helical radiating element.
- the second signal can thus be fed into the first line bands and the first signal into the second line bands without the two signals interfering with one another. The same applies to receiving the signals.
- the antenna 20 has two radiators 22.
- FIG. The two radiators are a first radiator 22a and a second radiator 22b.
- the radiators 22 can emit and receive electromagnetic radiation.
- the first radiator 22a has N helical radiator elements 24 .
- the radiators 22 are designed as (hollow) omnidirectional radiators. Further, the first and second radiators 22a, 22b are arranged sequentially. That is, there is a face 26a of the first radiator 22a and a face 26b of the second radiator 22b opposed to each other.
- the antenna 20 has a first feed point 28 .
- the first feed point 28 comprises a first contact 28a and a second contact 28b.
- the contacts 28a, 28b enable an electrical connection between a first signal line 34 and the radiators 22.
- Arrows 32a, 32b represent the signal flow of a first signal when the first signal is sent. In other words, from the point of view of radio frequency technology, the feeding end of a coaxial line is represented by a voltage source. According to this consideration, the arrows 32a, 32b can also symbolize a source of the first signal.
- the first signal line 34a can run through the interior of the first radiator 22a in order to contact the second radiator 22b on the end face 26b. For reasons of clarity, the first signal line 34a was only indicated inside the first radiator 22a.
- the first signal line 34 is shown between the radiators 22 .
- the arrow 32b indicates the signal flow of the first signal, or the source of the first signal, for sending it through the second radiator 22b.
- a further first signal line (not shown) can run inside the first radiator 22a.
- arrow 32a indicates the signal flow, or the source, of the first signal for sending it through the first radiator 22a.
- the antenna 20 has a second feed point 30 for a second signal.
- the second feed point 30 has N contacts, which are not shown here for reasons of clarity.
- the antenna has a second signal line 34b on the inside (only shown in outline for reasons of clarity), which carries the second signal and makes contact with an electrical circuit 36 .
- the electrical circuit 36 is mostly covered by the fourth radiator element 24d.
- Arrows 38a, 38b indicate the signal flow or the feeding of the phase-shifted second signals into the second emitter element 24b and the third emitter element 24c.
- the contacts of the second feed point are located at the tips of the arrows 38a, 38b. Contacting the first Radiating element 24a and the fourth radiating element 24d is from the fourth
- the second feed point is well inside the first radiator, for example about a quarter of the radiator length (distance between the faces of the first radiator, away from the face 26a. This enables the simultaneous, independent transmission and reception of two signals with the radiator shown
- the first radiator has one conduction band per radiator element.
- N 4 radiator elements
- N can be chosen arbitrarily.
- each radiating element runs about three quarters of the circumference of the first radiator.
- the quadrifilar helix is a preferred configuration of the first radiator, since the splitting of the second signal into 4 sub-signals each phase-shifted by 90° can be implemented electrically with little effort.
- Arrow 40 indicates the orientation of the antenna. In the main direction of use, the arrow 40 points up or down. That is, the second radiator 22b is arranged above or below the first radiator 22a when the antenna is arranged in the main use direction.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a side view of antenna 20 in one exemplary embodiment.
- the radiator elements are divided into a plurality (here 2) of parallel line strips.
- the first radiating element 24a comprises the first line strip 24a′ and the second line strip 24a′′.
- the second radiating element comprises the first line strip 24b' and the second line strip 24b”.
- the third radiating element comprises the first line strip 24c' and the second line strip 24c”.
- the fourth radiating element comprises the first line band 24d' and the second line band 24d”.
- the first line band is in each case wider than the second line band. However, this depends on the tuning of the antenna, for example setting a desired antenna impedance.
- radiator elements on the outer end face 26c are no longer all electrically connected to one another. Rather, only the first line strips of a radiating element are connected to the second line strips of an adjacent radiating element.
- the first line strip 24b' of the second radiating element is electrically connected to the second line strip 24a'' of the first radiating element 24a by means of an electrical connection 25'.
- the second line band 24b'' of the second radiating element is also electrically connected to the first line band 24c' of the third radiating element.
- the first line strips are not electrically connected directly to the first contact 28a, but are at a distance therefrom.
- the first contact 28a electrically connects the second conductive strips together. It is thus possible to arrange the N contacts of the second feed point almost on the end face 26a of the first radiating element without the first and second signals influencing one another.
- the arrows 38a, 38b and 32a, 32b are marked accordingly.
- the emitter has two different resonant frequencies per emitter element due to the parallel line bands, so that a broader-band emission and a broader-band reception are possible in comparison to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
- the exemplary embodiments are designed predominantly with reference to the transmission of the first and second signals with the antenna.
- the antenna can also receive the first and the second signal. The signal flow then runs in the opposite direction.
- radiators 24 radiator elements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020210511.1A DE102020210511A1 (de) | 2020-08-19 | 2020-08-19 | Antenne mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Einspeisepunkt |
| PCT/EP2021/072320 WO2022038002A1 (de) | 2020-08-19 | 2021-08-10 | Antenne mit einem ersten und einem zweiten einspeisepunkt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4200937A1 true EP4200937A1 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
Family
ID=77411727
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21758117.2A Pending EP4200937A1 (de) | 2020-08-19 | 2021-08-10 | Antenne mit einem ersten und einem zweiten einspeisepunkt |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4200937A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102737223B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020210511A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022038002A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3852759A (en) | 1960-04-01 | 1974-12-03 | Itt | Broadband tunable antenna |
| KR100458310B1 (ko) * | 1996-03-29 | 2005-04-21 | 사란텔 리미티드 | 무선통신장치 |
| US6289225B1 (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2001-09-11 | Ericsson Inc. | Retractable and pivotable multiple frequency band antenna |
| GB9828768D0 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 1999-02-17 | Symmetricom Inc | An antenna |
| US6483471B1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-11-19 | Xm Satellite Radio, Inc. | Combination linearly polarized and quadrifilar antenna |
| US6720935B2 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-04-13 | The Mitre Corporation | Single and dual-band patch/helix antenna arrays |
-
2020
- 2020-08-19 DE DE102020210511.1A patent/DE102020210511A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-08-10 KR KR1020237002453A patent/KR102737223B1/ko active Active
- 2021-08-10 EP EP21758117.2A patent/EP4200937A1/de active Pending
- 2021-08-10 WO PCT/EP2021/072320 patent/WO2022038002A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102737223B1 (ko) | 2024-12-02 |
| WO2022038002A1 (de) | 2022-02-24 |
| KR20230025479A (ko) | 2023-02-21 |
| DE102020210511A1 (de) | 2022-02-24 |
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Owner name: TKMS HAGENUK MARINEKOMMUNIKATION GMBH Owner name: THYSSENKRUPP AG |