EP4200643A1 - Fahrzeug und verfahren zur vermeidung einer kollision eines fahrzeugs mit einem hindernis - Google Patents
Fahrzeug und verfahren zur vermeidung einer kollision eines fahrzeugs mit einem hindernisInfo
- Publication number
- EP4200643A1 EP4200643A1 EP21811244.9A EP21811244A EP4200643A1 EP 4200643 A1 EP4200643 A1 EP 4200643A1 EP 21811244 A EP21811244 A EP 21811244A EP 4200643 A1 EP4200643 A1 EP 4200643A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- sensor elements
- optical sensor
- degrees
- obstacle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/87—Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle with a sensor system and a method that is set up for this purpose, in particular a driverless vehicle that is operated or operated without human interaction. to warn automatically controlled, in particular lane-unbound vehicle of a collision of the moving vehicle with an obstacle, to avoid the obstacle, to stop the vehicle when detecting an obstacle and/or to transmit a warning to a control center.
- DE 10 2018 110 852 A1 discloses a device for securing a mechanically or automatically controlled mobile device, in particular a handling device such as a robot or an AGV (“automated guided vehicle”).
- a safety sensor system is used to detect objects in a workspace , a distance or an environment of the device
- the safety sensor system includes a tactile sensor system and a proximity sensor system, the sensors used being based on optical measurement principles.
- DE 10 2014 206 473 A1 discloses an automatic assistance method for a driver of a lane-bound vehicle.
- a camera is provided on the left and right of the vehicle on the front side of the vehicle, which captures a clear space in front of the vehicle and, in conjunction with an evaluation device, serves to warn of an impending collision.
- From DE 10 2004 041 821 Al is a non-contact security system using ultrasonic or Known microwave sensors for securing a machine-controlled handling device.
- the proximity sensors used can be ultrasonic or microwave sensors.
- ultrasonic or microwave sensors can be combined with another sensor that works on the basis of a different physical principle.
- the invention relates to a vehicle according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 15 .
- the vehicle with the sensor system according to the invention and the method according to the invention offer the advantage over the prior art that even comparatively narrow obstacles such as pipelines, obstacles with different cross sections and degrees of reflection, hanging power cables, tube bundles, corner lights, cable harnesses, thin posts, etc. that protrude into the path of the vehicle and can be recognized well and reliably even under adverse conditions such as backlighting or blinding sun, smoke or fog, or when measurements are taken at an angle.
- the sensitivity of the detection and the minimum distance for the warning thresholds of the warning system can also be set in a simple manner using the evaluation and control electronics provided.
- the driving speed of the vehicle can now either be automatically slowed down, or the vehicle is stopped immediately and/or a control room is informed.
- sensors in the corners of the vehicle can monitor not only the area in front of the vehicle, but also an area to the side of the vehicle. This can also be achieved with additional sensors.
- the signals or measured values of one sensor can be validated or verified with the aid of the signals or measured values of the other sensor. be checked for plausibility. This increases the reliability of the detection and avoids false alarms.
- the two sensors arranged in close proximity to one another are offset from one another, in particular perpendicular to the direction of travel and parallel to the ground, and operate in different wavelength ranges or the maximum sensitivity of the two sensors is at a different wavelength.
- Another advantageous configuration is the combination of sensors that work according to the principle of transit time measurement with sensors that work according to the phase comparison method.
- a combination of sensors with 2 ⁇ 2 pixel resolution and a narrow field of view according to the invention (“Field of View” or “FOV”) with sensors with 8 ⁇ 4 pixel resolution and a narrow field of view also according to the invention advantageously ensures a reliable measurement distance and reliable detection , especially related to objects with a small cross-section and low remission.
- FOV Field of View
- a vehicle affected by the invention can move in various directions on land or on water.
- a steering axle can be installed. It can also be a tracked vehicle within the meaning of the invention. However, the vehicle can also look the same from all sides and the front is then considered to be the "front" surface pointing in the direction of travel at the moment of moving.
- the vehicle is preferably an automatically guided vehicle or an AGV.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic sketch of a vehicle in the form of an AGV from above with a first interconnection configuration.
- FIG. 2 shows a basic sketch of a vehicle in the form of an AGV from above with a second interconnection configuration.
- FIG. 3 shows a basic sketch of a vehicle in the form of an AGV from above with a third interconnection configuration.
- FIG. 4 shows a basic sketch of a vehicle in the form of an AGV according to FIG. H. in section parallel to the background, each with a horizontal viewing angle area a.
- FIG. 5 shows a basic sketch of a vehicle in the form of an AGV according to FIG. H. in section parallel to the background, each with a horizontal viewing angle area a.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle in the form of an AGV according to FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 in a side view showing the angles lying between 25° and 60° preferably front and rear elevation angle ß, under which the sensors detect, and marked preferably front and rear vertical sensor fields of view, d. H . in section perpendicular to the background, each with a vertical viewing angle range a '.
- FIG. 7 shows a vehicle that is approaching an aircraft, as an application example for avoiding a collision of the vehicle with the wings or the engines of the aircraft.
- FIG. 8 shows two vehicles driving one behind the other, one or both of which are designed according to the invention, as an application example for avoiding collisions or In the case of vehicle accidents.
- FIG. 9 shows a vehicle upon detection of a relatively small obstacle located at a height, such as a carrier.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a first exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 10 in the form of an AGV from above.
- an AGV is understood as a driverless, automatically controlled and preferably lane-independent transport vehicle with its own drive system, which can operate transport autonomously and without human interaction.
- the vehicle 10 can also be a vehicle other than an AGV.
- the vehicle 10 has in the area of its front side 11 (in relation to the direction of travel or the usual direction of travel) or generally in the area of one side of the vehicle 10 four optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23, which are connected via bus lines 31 with a central vehicle-bound machine control 30 as evaluation and control electronics.
- the bus lines 31 are preferably standard CAN bus lines, which can optionally also be secured.
- the signals provided by the sensors 20, 21 and 22, 23 or the distance values determined are evaluated by the evaluation and control electronics.
- the machine controller 30 reacts, for example, by reducing the driving speed, followed by an immediate stop of the vehicle and a message to the control room.
- Vehicle 10 also has four additional sensor elements 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 in the area of its rear side or generally on an opposite side to the side with sensor elements 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 .
- These can also be optical sensor elements analogous to the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23, so that the vehicle can or can drive forwards and backwards in the same way. provides collision avoidance for both directions of travel.
- the additional sensor elements 24, 25, 26, 27 can in principle also be other sensor elements such as are already used in AGVs in the prior art in order to prevent collisions.
- the vehicle 10 can also be equipped with a sensor system according to DE 10 2018 110 852 A1 in addition to the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 provided according to the invention, with this sensor system then preferably also interacting with the evaluation and control electronics.
- the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 only in the way the sensors are connected.
- the front sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 and the rear sensor elements 24, 25, 26, 27 are first connected via bus lines 31 to sensor interface electronics 40, with the respective sensor interface electronics 40 then being connected via bus lines 31 to a central Machine controller 30 is connected.
- FIG. 1 thus shows a central connection of the sensor elements to the machine control 30, while FIG. 2 implements a decentralized connection.
- the third exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 again only in the way the sensors are connected.
- the front sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 and the rear sensor elements 24, 25, 26, 27 are initially connected via bus lines 31 to common sensor interface electronics 40, which are then connected via a bus line 31 to a central machine controller 30 .
- Figure 3 thus again shows a decentralized evaluation of the sensor signals of the front sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 and the rear sensor elements 24, 25, 26, 27.
- the sensor interface electronics 40 and the machine controller 30 are each linked to the vehicle.
- machine control 30 can also be located remotely from vehicle 10 and, in particular, be connected wirelessly or are in communication with it.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle in the form of an AGV according to Figure 1, 2 or 3 with marked fields of view ("Field of View” or “FoV”) 50, 51, 52, 53 of the four optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22 , 23 in the front area of the vehicle 10 in horizontal section.
- Field of View or “FoV”
- the vehicle 10 is a driverless transport vehicle in the form of a floor-bound conveyor with its own traction drive, which is controlled and guided automatically (AGV) without human interaction.
- AGV controlled and guided automatically
- At least one, but preferably all of the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 have a field of view 50, 51, 52, 53, which can also be referred to as a detection area or measuring field, which extends horizontally and/or vertically over a viewing angle range of less than 3 degrees.
- the horizontal viewing angle range is denoted by a, see Figure 4 and Figure 5, and the vertical viewing angle range by a', see Figure 6.
- the horizontal viewing angle range a and/or the vertical viewing angle range a' is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1.5 degrees or from 0.5 to 1.5 degrees.
- Both the vertical and the horizontal viewing angle range a, a′ are particularly preferably less than 3 degrees, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1.5 degrees or from 0.5 to 1.5 degrees.
- the fields of view or detection areas 50, 51, 52, 53 each designate the detection or measurement area of the respective optical sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, within which objects, events or changes can be perceived.
- the optical sensor elements 20 21 22 23 are arranged in pairs on the left and right in the area of the left corner 13 and the right corner 14 of the vehicle 10 in spatial proximity to one another.
- the optical sensor elements 20 and 21 or 22 and 23 are preferably arranged next to one another or one behind the other or offset from one another.
- This angle which can also be referred to as elevation angle ⁇ , is preferably in a range from 25 degrees to 60 degrees.
- Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle in the form of an AGV according to Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 in a side view showing the elevation angle ß between 25° and 60°, at which the sensors 20, 24 detect, and marked vertical sensor fields of view 50, 54, each with a vertical viewing angle range a '.
- the exemplary visible sensor element 20 is preferably in the front area or at the corner 13 of the vehicle 10 or generally in the area of a first side of the vehicle 10
- the exemplary visible sensor element 24 is in the rear area 12 or at the corner 15 of the vehicle 10 or generally in the region of an opposite side of the vehicle 10 from the first side.
- the two sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 arranged in close proximity to one another have lateral or laterally offset fields of view 50, 51, 52, 53.
- the lateral offset is in each case preferably in the range from 25 mm to 120 mm.
- the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 are each selected or adjusted so that the highest detection sensitivity of the two optical sensor elements 20 and 21 arranged in spatial proximity to one another is in each case at a different wavelength, preferably in the near, non-visible infrared. The same applies to the optical sensor elements 22 and 23 .
- the highest sensitivity of the first optical sensor element 20 and that of the third optical sensor element 22 is, for example, 905 nm and that of the second optical sensor element 21 and that of the fourth optical sensor element 24, for example
- the highest sensitivity of the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 is in a wavelength range of 600 to 1100 nm.
- the optical sensor elements 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 are each selected and set in such a way that both sensor elements 20 and 21 or 22 and 23 ensure a measuring distance that is as identical or similar as possible. Together with the different wavelengths of the highest detection sensitivity of the optical sensor elements 20 and 22 as well as 21 and 23, possible collision objects of different sizes and different degrees of reflection are thus also detected almost simultaneously.
- a deviating vertical alignment of the respective field of view between the sensor elements 20 and 21 as well as 22 and 23 means that a first of the two optical sensor elements 20 , 21 or 22, 23 can detect an obstacle earlier than the second of the two optical sensor elements 20, 21 or 23, 24.
- the measurement signal from one of the optical sensor elements for example the optical sensor element 20 or 22, which strikes first, from the minimally delayed resulting measurement signals of the optical sensor elements 21 or 24 validated or . be checked for plausibility in order to avoid a possible collision and/or false alarms.
- a multipixel resolution of the optical sensor elements 20, 21 or 23 and 24 results in an additional plausibility check in that, due to the movement of the AGV, different pixels scan a possible collision object one after the other and thus increase the detection reliability and, in the event of failure of the second sensor element, the detection reliability is nevertheless reliably increased.
- the same goal namely increasing the reliability of obstacle detection and mutual validation or The use of different wavelength ranges or the use of different wavelengths of the highest detection sensitivity for the optical sensor elements 20 and 22 compared to the optical sensor elements 21 and 24 and/or the lateral and vertical offset of the fields of view 51 compared to 50 or 53 versus 52.
- the lateral offset allows the validation of signals or measured values of obstacles from the area of the corners 13, 14, 15, 16 of the vehicle, since such obstacles only enter the relevant fields of view 50, 51, 52, 53 at slightly different times .
- Different wavelength ranges or different wavelengths of the highest detection sensitivity allow the sensor signals or measured values to be assigned to the optical sensor 20, 21, 22, 23 in question, so that it can already be distinguished whether the signal that is reflected and to be processed comes, for example, from the optical sensor element 20 or comes from the optical sensor element 21 .
- obstacles are not recognized equally well in all wavelength ranges and in all environmental conditions (rain, solar radiation, smoke, fog, ). To counteract this problem, therefore, sensors of different wavelength ranges or different wavelengths of the highest detection sensitivity and at the same time z. B. high immunity to extraneous light.
- the two sensor elements 20 and 21 or 22 and 23 are set up and interact with the evaluation and control electronics 30, 40 in such a way that the signals or measured values of one of the two sensor elements can be checked for plausibility or validated by signals or the measured values of the other of the two sensor elements.
- the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 are preferably arranged at the corners 13 and 14 in the upper area of the vehicle 10, so that the respective field of view 50, 51, 52, 53, the Sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 is unaffected vertically and / or horizontally.
- Sensor elements 20 and 21, on the one hand, and 22 and 23, on the other hand, located in or near left-hand front corner 13 of vehicle 10 and in or near right-hand front corner 14 of vehicle 10 are more preferably arranged and set up in such a way that they each have a horizontal and/or vertical field of vision 50, 51, 52, 53, which extends over an area in front of the vehicle 10 and also in an area slightly to the side of the vehicle, so that the area around the front corners 13, 14 of the Vehicle 10 can be observed not only in front of vehicle 10 but also somewhat to the side of it.
- the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 preferably have a measuring distance such that obstacles at a horizontal distance of 5 m to 10 m, in particular 3 m to 8 m and at a height of 4 m to 7 m, are safely in front of the vehicle 10 can be recognized.
- the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 each have a detection area or scanning cone area defined by the relevant horizontal and vertical viewing angle area a, a′ and the respective measuring distance, which is preferably rectangular in a section in the lateral direction to the vehicle 10 and perpendicular to the ground (e.g. with an 8 ⁇ 4 pixel matrix), square (e.g. with a 2 ⁇ 2 pixel matrix), circular or elliptical.
- the visual or measuring fields 50, 51, 52, 53 preferably each extend at an angle of between 25° and 60° relative to the longitudinal axis, directed upwards or to the plane of the vehicle 10 to a surface on which the Vehicle 10 moves over a height that corresponds at least to the height of vehicle 10, see Figure 6.
- all optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 each have a field of view or measuring field 50, 51, 52, 53, which extends to a height of at least 6 m or at least 7 m.
- laser-optical distance, distance and speed sensors are used for the optical sensor elements 20 and 23, preferably a measuring laser with infrared wavelengths of around 905 nm, target laser red 635 nm and a laser pulse transit time method, the measuring range of which is 6 % to 8% is particularly preferably between 8 and 150 m.
- sensors are preferably used which ensure a measuring distance of up to 10 m with a wavelength of approximately 940 nm.
- ToF sensors can also be advantageously used in connection with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) transmitter module with a wavelength of 850 nm.
- VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting laser
- the receiving module preferably consists of an 8 ⁇ 4 pixel matrix. The permanent self-monitoring by means of a test pixel is particularly advantageous with this sensor.
- Optical sensor elements 20, 21, 23, 24 with a multi-pixel resolution have the advantage that an additional plausibility check is possible as a result of the movement of the AGV, different pixels successively detect a possible collision object and thus ensure detection reliability even if a sensor element fails.
- the measuring frequency of the optical sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 should be at least 100 Hz.
- a coded signal is preferably used, which is pulsed at a predetermined frequency in order to be recognized by the receiver as a useful signal. The use of a coded signal also serves to suppress the influence of extraneous light.
- FIG. 7 shows a vehicle 10 approaching an aircraft 100 as an example of an application of the invention.
- the goal here is to avoid a collision with the wings 120 and/or the engines 110 of the aircraft 100 .
- a contour detection can also be realized by means of the provided sensor elements 20, 21, 22, 23 and their configuration, so that detected or it can be distinguished whether the vehicle 10 is approaching the wing 120 or the engine 110 .
- FIG. 8 shows two vehicles 10, 130 driving one behind the other, at least vehicle 10 being designed according to the invention.
- Both vehicles 10, 130 are preferably designed according to the invention so that both recognize when they are approaching one another and thus avoid a collision or a rear-end collision. This application is important because s AGVs typically have very short braking distances and can stop abruptly, making it easy for a following vehicle to backtrack. This is prevented here.
- FIG. 9 shows a vehicle 10 detecting a relatively small obstacle in the form of a carrier 140 at a height as a typical application of the invention.
- Vehicle 10 looks similar to a "lightsaber”.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020129233.3A DE102020129233A1 (de) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Vermeidung einer Kollision eines Fahrzeugs mit einem Hindernis |
| PCT/DE2021/100883 WO2022096067A1 (de) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Fahrzeug und verfahren zur vermeidung einer kollision eines fahrzeugs mit einem hindernis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4200643A1 true EP4200643A1 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
Family
ID=78725184
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21811244.9A Withdrawn EP4200643A1 (de) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Fahrzeug und verfahren zur vermeidung einer kollision eines fahrzeugs mit einem hindernis |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230400588A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4200643A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020129233A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022096067A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004041821A1 (de) | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-16 | Abb Research Ltd. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Sicherung eines maschinell gesteuerten Handhabungsgerätes |
| DE102013002672A1 (de) | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-21 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Bestimmung einer Position eines Objekts in einer Umgebung eines Fahrzeugs |
| DE102013021387B4 (de) | 2013-12-13 | 2019-09-12 | Daimler Ag | Roboter sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Roboters |
| DE102014206473A1 (de) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Automatische Assistenz eines Fahrers eines fahrspurgebundenen Fahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Schienenfahrzeugs |
| DE102015213694A1 (de) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-01-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorsystem zum Erkennen überstehender oder freiliegender Objekte in der Umgebung eines Fahrzeugs |
| US10761195B2 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2020-09-01 | OPSYS Tech Ltd. | Multi-wavelength LIDAR system |
| US10732281B2 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2020-08-04 | Luminar Technologies, Inc. | Lidar detector system having range walk compensation |
| US10229596B1 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2019-03-12 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Systems and methods for measuring a bridge clearance |
| DE102018110852A1 (de) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-07 | Kinotex Sensor Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Sicherung eines maschinell oder automatisch gesteuerten beweglichen Gerätes und Sensorkachel |
-
2020
- 2020-11-05 DE DE102020129233.3A patent/DE102020129233A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-11-05 EP EP21811244.9A patent/EP4200643A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-11-05 WO PCT/DE2021/100883 patent/WO2022096067A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-05 US US18/035,416 patent/US20230400588A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022096067A1 (de) | 2022-05-12 |
| US20230400588A1 (en) | 2023-12-14 |
| DE102020129233A1 (de) | 2022-05-05 |
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