EP4198539A1 - Procédé et appareil de détection de court-circuit de batterie - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil de détection de court-circuit de batterie Download PDFInfo
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- EP4198539A1 EP4198539A1 EP22206142.6A EP22206142A EP4198539A1 EP 4198539 A1 EP4198539 A1 EP 4198539A1 EP 22206142 A EP22206142 A EP 22206142A EP 4198539 A1 EP4198539 A1 EP 4198539A1
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0038—Circuits for comparing several input signals and for indicating the result of this comparison, e.g. equal, different, greater, smaller (comparing pulses or pulse trains according to amplitude)
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Definitions
- the following description relates to a method and apparatus with battery short circuit detection.
- a battery short circuit can deteriorate battery efficiency, cause thermal runaway of the battery, and cause a safety problem such as battery explosion. Therefore, it can be helpful for battery safety to effectively detect a short circuit before the short circuit causes an increase in physical and thermal deformation of the battery.
- a processor-implemented method includes, based on battery data measured by a battery and a battery model of the battery, determining a detection parameter value used for detecting a short circuit of the battery and a variation factor value correlated with the detection parameter, using the variation factor to extract a reference value corresponding to the detection parameter value from a reference data set, and determining whether a short circuit of the battery has occurred based on a result of comparing the detection parameter value with the reference value.
- the detection parameter value may correspond to either a change in an error in voltage estimation, a change in a cumulative error in voltage estimation, a change in a correction value of a voltage error, a change in a cumulative correction value of a voltage error, a voltage change, a current change, a capacity change, a temperature change, a short circuit resistance value, or a short circuit current value.
- a battery model may be used to obtain the detection parameter value.
- the detection parameter value may correspond to a change in a cumulative correction value of a state of charge (SOC) during a target time period of constant voltage (CV) charging, and the variation factor may include a discharge cut off voltage and/or a charge temperature of the target section.
- SOC state of charge
- CV constant voltage
- the change in the cumulative correction value may correspond to a difference between a first cumulative correction value at a start point of the target time period and a second cumulative correction value at an end point of the target time period.
- the cumulative correction value may be determined by determining a voltage estimation value by using a battery model, determining an estimation error by comparing the voltage estimation value to the voltage measurement value, and accumulating SOC correction values that reduce the estimation error.
- Each data element of the reference data set may include a respective parameter value corresponding to the detection parameter value and a factor value related to the variation factor value
- the extracting of the reference value may include: extracting a data element including the factor item, which is selected from the reference data set based on a proximity to the variation factor, and extracting the parameter item of the selected data element as the reference value.
- the factor value may include a plurality of values having respective weights
- the extracting of the data element may include extracting the data element based on a distance between the data element and the variation factor, and the distance may be based on the weights.
- the reference data set may correspond to a state without a short circuit
- the detecting of the short circuit may include determining that the battery is in a short circuit state when a difference between the detection parameter and the reference value is greater than a threshold.
- a battery model may be updated based on modeled degradation of the battery, the reference data may be updated set by using the updated battery model, and the detection parameter value may be determined based on estimated values estimated by using the battery model.
- the reference data set may be determined based on a preliminary experimental result, may be determined based on an actual driving result during a sample driving of the battery, or may be determined by applying the actual driving result to the preliminary experimental result.
- An actual driving result may be obtained by driving the battery during a sample period, and the reference data set may be determined by adjusting a preliminary experimental result based on statistical data based on the actual driving result.
- an apparatus includes a processor configured to, based on battery data measured from a battery and a battery model of the battery, determine a detection parameter value used for detecting a short circuit of the battery and a variation factor value correlated with the detection parameter using the variation factor value, extract a reference value corresponding to the detection parameter value from a reference data set, and detect a short circuit of the battery based on a result of comparing the detection parameter value with the reference value.
- the detection parameter value may correspond to a change in an error in voltage estimation, a change in a cumulative error in voltage estimation, a change in a correction value of a voltage error, a change in a cumulative correction value of a voltage error, a voltage change, a current change, a capacity change, a temperature change, a pre-calculated short circuit resistance value, or a pre-calculated short circuit current value.
- the detection parameter value may correspond to a change in a cumulative correction value of a state of charge (SOC) during a target time period for which constant voltage (CV) charging is performed, and the variation factor may include a discharge cut off voltage and/or a charge temperature of the target section.
- SOC state of charge
- CV constant voltage
- Each data element of the reference data set may include a parameter value corresponding to the detection parameter value and a factor value corresponding to the variation factor value, and the processor may be further configured to extract a data element including the factor value, which is close to the variation factor, from the reference data set, and extract the parameter value of the data element as the reference value.
- the reference data set may correspond to a state of the battery without a short circuit
- the processor may be further configured to determine that the battery is in a short circuit state when a difference between the detection parameter value and the reference value is greater than a threshold.
- the apparatus may further include the battery.
- the detection parameter value may correspond to a change in a cumulative correction value of a state of charge (SOC), and the variation factor value may include a discharge cut off voltage and/or a temperature.
- SOC state of charge
- the reference data set may include elements, and each data element may include a respective parameter value corresponding to the detection parameter and a respective factor value corresponding to the variation factor value, and the processor may be further configured to select a data element from the reference data set based on a proximity thereof to the variation factor value, and use the parameter value of the selected data element as the reference value.
- the apparatus may be a smartphone including a camera.
- a method includes applying a received measurement of a battery to a battery model to obtain a voltage estimate, comparing the voltage estimate to a measured voltage of the battery to obtain an error of the voltage estimate, obtaining a correction value that corrects the voltage estimate with respect to the measured voltage, and determining that the battery is in a short circuit state based on the correction value.
- the determining that the battery is in a short circuit state may include obtaining, from reference data associated with the battery, a reference value corresponding to the correction value, and the determining may be further based on the reference value.
- the reference value may correspond to an accumulation of reference correction values.
- the reference data may include elements that include respective measures of the battery over time, and each element may have a respectively corresponding detection parameter value, reference parameter value, and candidate reference value.
- An element from the reference data may be selected, and determining that the battery is in a short circuit state may be based further on the candidate reference value of the selected element.
- a remediation action may be performed based on determining that the battery is in a short circuit state, wherein the remediation action may include generating a notification, changing an operation state of a computing device powered by the battery, or adjusting a feature of the battery.
- a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods.
- first,” “second,” and “third”, or A, B, (a), (b), and the like may be used herein to describe various members, components, regions, layers, or sections, these members, components, regions, layers, or sections are not to be limited by these terms.
- Each of these terminologies is not used to define an essence, order, or sequence of corresponding members, components, regions, layers, or sections, for example, but used merely to distinguish the corresponding members, components, regions, layers, or sections from other members, components, regions, layers, or sections.
- a first member, component, region, layer, or section referred to in the examples described herein may also be referred to as a second member, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the examples.
- a battery has various parameters, for example, current, voltage, capacity, temperature of the battery, etc.
- a battery parameter may be changed, and such a change may be modeled by an electric circuit model to detect a short circuit of the battery.
- various battery parameter deviation values between unit cells constituting a multi-cell can be used to detect a multi-cell battery pack.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a short circuit detection apparatus 110, according to one or more embodiments.
- a short circuit of a battery may deteriorate the energy efficiency of the battery and may cause a safety problem in the battery.
- a battery short circuit may be the main cause of thermal runaway of a battery.
- the initial stage of a battery short circuit may be detected at a micro-short circuit level, which may allow preventative safety measures to be carried out.
- a change in a battery parameter or battery signal may be useful for detecting a micro short-circuit.
- a corresponding change in a battery signal for example, a current, a voltage, or a temperature
- a battery signal for example, a current, a voltage, or a temperature
- a change in a battery signal can be correlated with other factors such as the charging/discharging speed of a battery, a charging/discharging range (for example, a voltage range), a temperature, a difference between batteries, battery degradation, and the like. Because a change in a battery signal may appear to be correlated with other factors, it may be difficult to use a change in a battery signal to detect a battery short circuit by calculating an internal short circuit of the battery.
- the accuracy of detecting a battery short circuit from a battery signal while using a battery may be improved (and the probability of false detection may be reduced) by selecting, from among factors that may affect (or vary in correlation with) the battery signal, a variation factor that affects (or varies with) a short circuit parameter used for short circuit detection (i.e., a detection parameter), storing values of short circuit detection parameters with respective battery conditions based on each of the factors (e.g., in a table), and deriving an effective micro short circuit detection size and a short circuit detection condition.
- the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may output a battery short circuit detection result 102 that is generated based on battery data 101.
- the battery data 101 may include data related to a specification and/or an operation of a battery monitored by the short circuit detection apparatus 110.
- the battery data 101 may include a battery signal that is based on charging, and while the batter is discharging, the battery data 101 may include a battery signal based on discharging.
- the battery signal may include a voltage, a current, and/or a temperature.
- the battery data 101 may be inferred or may be measured by various sensors inside and/or outside the battery.
- the detection result 102 may include short circuit information or signals indicating whether a short circuit has been detected, a detection time of the short circuit, a duration of the detected short circuit, and/or an intensity of the short circuit.
- the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may determine (e.g., select) a detection parameter value (e.g., from a reference data set 120) used for detecting a short circuit of the monitored battery based on the battery data 101, and may determine (e.g., select) a variation factor value (e.g., from the reference data set 120) that affects (varies in correlation with) the detection parameter value.
- the reference data set 120 may have elements (e.g., rows), and each element may include a parameter item (e.g., a value in a field) related to the detection parameter value and a factor item (e.g., a value in a field) related to the variation factor value.
- the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may extract, using the variation factor value, a reference value of a parameter item (value) corresponding to the detection parameter value from the reference data set 120 (e.g., extract a value in the detection parameter field of the row/element), and may detect the short circuit of the battery based on a result of comparing the detection parameter and the extracted reference value.
- the reference data set 120 may have rows/elements that correspond to a state of the battery without a short circuit, and the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may determine that the battery is in a short circuit state when a difference between the detection parameter value and the reference value is greater than a threshold value.
- the state of a battery without a short circuit will be hereinafter referred to as a normal state.
- the reference data set 120 may also have rows/elements that correspond to a short circuit state, and the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may determine that the battery is in the short circuit state when a difference between the detection parameter and the reference value is less than the threshold value.
- a representative example of the reference data set 120 having rows/elements corresponding to the normal state is described below with reference to FIG. 5 , and the description thereof may also be applicable to an example of the reference data set 120 having rows/elements corresponding to the short circuit state.
- the detection parameter may correspond to a change in an error in voltage estimation, a change in a cumulative error in voltage estimation, a change in a correction value of a voltage error, a change in a cumulative correction value of a voltage error, a voltage change, a current change, a capacity change, a temperature change, a short circuit resistance value, or a short circuit current value.
- the error in voltage estimation may be an error of a voltage estimation obtained from the battery model 111.
- An error correction value may represent a correction value based on error correction performed by an error correction model 112.
- the variation factor may correspond to a charge/discharge temperature, a charge/discharge range (for example, a voltage range), or a charge/discharge speed.
- the detection parameter and variation factor may correspond to various battery parameters noted above, in examples described below (i) the detection parameter corresponds to a change in a cumulative correction value of a state of charge (SOC) during a target section (time period) in which constant voltage (CV) charging is performed, and (ii) the variation factor corresponds to a discharge cut off voltage when a discharge state of the battery is terminated before CV charging is performed and/or corresponds to a charge temperature during the target section (time period).
- SOC state of charge
- CV constant voltage
- the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may include the battery model 111 and/or the error correction model 112.
- the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may determine a detection parameter value and/or a variation factor value by using the battery model 111 and/or the error correction model 112.
- the battery model 111 may be an electrochemical thermal (ECT) model.
- the ECT model may simulate an internal state of the battery by using various ECT parameters and governing equations.
- the parameters of the ECT model may indicate a shape (for example, a thickness, a radius), an open circuit potential (OCP), and physical properties (for example, electrical conductivity, ionic conductivity, and diffusion coefficient).
- the governing equations may include an electrochemical reaction occurring between an electrode and an interface of an electrolyte based on these parameters, and a physical conservation equation associated with the electrode and a conservation of a concentration of the electrolyte and electrical charges.
- the ECT model may estimate a state (for example, an SOC, a voltage) of the battery based on the measured battery data 101.
- the ECT model may extrapolate state of the battery from the measured battery data 101.
- the ECT model may estimate an SOC and a voltage of the battery based on a current and a temperature of the battery in the measured battery data 101.
- the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may detect a short circuit state through an error (difference) between measured data in the battery data 101 and estimated data produced by the battery model 111. This error may be referred to as an estimation error.
- the error correction model 112 may correct the estimation data to reduce the estimation error (i.e., by correcting the estimation data, e.g., voltage, to be closer to ground truth) .
- the error correction model 112 may correct a voltage estimate and/or an SOC estimate such that an error between a voltage estimate and a voltage measurement is reduced.
- the correction value may increase in correlation therewith.
- the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may use a change in the correction value and/or a change in the error corresponding to time period for short circuit detection.
- the detection parameter value may be affected by (or change in correlation with) the variation factor value as well as degradation of the battery. For example, in case of rapid battery degradation, an amount of cumulative SOC correction in a CV charging section may increase positively. In this case, the accuracy of short circuit detection may benefit from adjusting the reference data set 120 to reflect the battery degradation modeled in the battery model 111. Specifically, the short circuit detection apparatus 110 may update the battery model 111 based on the modeled battery degradation, and may update the reference data set 120 using the updated battery model 111.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of detection parameter values in a normal state and in a short circuit state, according to one or more embodiments.
- a first parameter value group 210 may correspond to values of the detection parameter in a battery's normal state and a second parameter value group 220 may correspond to values of the detection parameter in a short circuit state of the battery.
- a first line 211 may represent a distribution of the values in the first parameter value group 210
- a second line 221 may represent a distribution of the values in the second parameter value group 220.
- the first and second lines 211 and 221 may correspond to averages of the values first and second parameter value groups 210 and 220 respectively.
- Detection parameter values of the first and second parameter values groups 210 and 220 may be obtained by adjusting a variation factor.
- the cumulative correction value may be determined by first determining a voltage estimation value by using a battery model, then determining an estimation error by comparing the voltage estimation value with a voltage measurement value, and then accumulating SOC correction values that reduce the estimation error.
- a change in such accumulated correction values may correspond to a difference between a first cumulative correction value at a start point of the target section (time period) and a second cumulative correction value at an end point of the target section (time period).
- the variation factor may correspond to a discharge temperature of the target section.
- the charge temperature may correspond to an average temperature of the target section, or a temperature at a predetermined point in time (for example, an end point) of the target section.
- Values in the first parameter value group 210 and values in the second parameter value group 220 may be differentiated from one another based on a gap between the first line 211 and the second line 221.
- a threshold to differentiate the first and second parameter groups 210 and 220 may be set to a difference between the first and second lines 221 and 221, or may be set by comparing minimum parameter values in the normal state to maximum parameter values in the short circuit state over respective sections of the variation factor.
- the threshold set as described above, may be used for short circuit detection while driving the battery. For example, in a predetermined temperature section, a difference between an SOC cumulative correction value in the normal state and an SOC cumulative correction value in the short circuit state (e.g., 0.001) may be set as the threshold. Later, during actual driving of the battery, the battery may be determined to be in the short circuit state if the measurement-based cumulative correction value is greater than or equal to 0.001 in the predetermined temperature section.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of obtaining a detection parameter value, according to one or more embodiments.
- a first line 310 may correspond to measured voltage over time and a second line 320 may correspond to estimated voltage over time.
- a time point t0 may represent an end point of discharging a battery
- a time point t3 may represent an end point of charging the battery.
- the battery changes from a discharging state to a charging state
- the time point t3 the state of the battery changes from the charging state to the discharging state.
- constant current (CC) charging is performed.
- CV charging may be performed during a period from the time point t1 to the time point t3.
- the measured voltages (the first line 310) and the respective estimated voltages (second line 320) may have respective differences, whether discharging or charging, and the differences may be reduced by continuous error correction.
- the detection parameter may correspond to a cumulative correction value of an SOC in the target section during which CV charging is performed.
- the target section may be a time period from the time point t1 to the time point t2, or a time period from the time point t1 to the time point t3.
- the time point t2 may correspond to a reference point at which a current of the battery reaches a predetermined level.
- the target section may be defined in various ways as noted above.
- a change in a cumulative correction value may correspond to a difference between a cumulative correction value of a start point (for example, the time point t1) of the target section and a second cumulative correction value of an end point (for example, the time point t2 or the time point t3) of the target section.
- the detection parameter may correspond to a change in an error in voltage estimation, a change in a cumulative error in voltage estimation, a change in a correction value of a voltage error, a voltage change, a current change, a capacity change, a temperature change, a pre-calculated short circuit resistance value, or a pre-calculated short circuit current value.
- an SOC cumulative correction amount is used as the detection parameter
- short circuit detection may be performed without necessarily storing voltage data before correction, and observation of cumulative values of the correction value may be appropriate to reflect an SOC difference for the corresponding section overall.
- the variation factor may correspond to a discharge cut off voltage at an end point of a discharge state of a battery before CV charging is performed (and possibly before CC charging), and may correspond to a charge temperature in the target section.
- the discharge cut off voltage may correspond to a battery voltage at the time point t0.
- the charge temperature may correspond to an average temperature of the target section, or a temperature of a predetermined time point (for example, the time point t2 or the time point t3) of the target section.
- the SOC cumulative correction amount may show a tendency to increase (in absolute value) in the CV charging section as the voltage estimation error increases.
- a factor that affects an SOC value estimated during CV charging may be a discharge cut off voltage (or discharge depth) or a charge temperature. Therefore, a condition for evaluating a change in the discharge cut off voltage and the charge temperature (in an effective section) may be diversified by taking into consideration an actual battery usage condition, and an SOC cumulative correction amount in the CV charging section (based on the corresponding condition) may be obtained by testing a normal battery cell and a short circuit battery cell.
- the short circuit battery cell may be configured to have a short circuit resistance value controlled by an external resistance.
- the SOC cumulative correction amount and the corresponding condition may be included in a reference data set.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a reference data set including a detection parameter and a variation factor, according to one or more embodiments.
- a point in graph 400 may represent a data element (e.g., a row) of a reference data set (see FIG. 5 ).
- the data element/row may include a parameter item (value) of a detection parameter field and a factor item (value) of a variation factor field.
- the variation factor may include a first variation factor and a second variation factor with reference to FIG. 4 .
- the detection parameter may be a change in an SOC cumulative correction value in a target section during which CV charging is performed
- a first variation factor may be a charge temperature in the target section
- a second variation factor may be a discharge cut off voltage at an end point of a discharge state of a battery before CV charging is performed.
- Each data element may be represented as a point in a three-dimensional space of graph 400 based on each item value.
- the x-axis 401 may correspond to the first variation factor
- the y-axis 402 may correspond to the second variation factor
- the z-axis 403 may correspond to the detection parameter.
- a short circuit detection apparatus may determine values of the detection parameter and of the variation factor based on battery data measured during battery driving by extracting the values from the reference data.
- the value(s) extracted for the variation factor may be referred to herein as a reference value, which corresponds to the extracted detection parameter value.
- a battery short circuit may be detected based comparing the detection parameter value and the reference value (e.g., by evaluating their difference against the threshold described above).
- the detection parameter value and the variation factor value based on the battery data may be referred to as input data.
- the input data may correspond to (x1, y1, z1) in graph 400; x1 may represent a charge temperature value, y1 may represent a cut off voltage value, and z1 may represent a change in a cumulative correction value.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may extract from the reference data set a data element (e.g., row) having a factor item (value(s) of a reference factor field(s)) which is close to the variation factor and may extract a parameter item (value of the detection parameter field) from the extracted data element as a reference value. For example, a predetermined number of data elements in an order close to (x1, y1) on an xy-plane may be extracted, and values of parameter items (detection parameter values) of the extracted data elements may be compared to z1.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may extract data elements based on a relative distance between a given data element and variation factors according to the weights. For example, to extract data elements in an order close to (x1, y1) on an xy-plane, different weights may be applied to a distance in an x-axis direction and a distance in a y-axis direction when comparing a distance between each point and (x1, y1).
- a point, which is closer to the x-axis, among two points having the same distance to (x1, y1) on the xy-plane may be selected.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a series of reference data used for detecting a short circuit, according to one or more embodiments.
- battery data may include a voltage, a current, and a temperature.
- the battery data may be measured from a battery.
- the voltage, current, and temperature are represented by variables MVi, Mii, and Mti, respectively.
- Variable i may represent a serial number.
- the serial number may present a flow of time (increases with time).
- variables such as MVi, Mli, and MTi may correspond to predetermined values, respectively.
- a discharge cut off voltage at a corresponding end point may be determined based on the battery data.
- the discharge cut off voltage may be represented by CVi.
- a change in an SOC cumulative correction value may be measured.
- a candidate reference value may be extracted from a reference data set based on a variation factor.
- the variation factor may correspond to a discharge cut off voltage and a charge temperature.
- the charge temperature may be determined based on a temperature MTi of the battery data.
- a data element e.g., row
- a parameter item value of the detection parameter
- Table 500 may represent an example of three candidate reference values being extracted, however, a different number of candidate reference values may be extracted.
- the detection parameter value may be compared to the candidate reference value, and a short circuit state may be determined based on the comparison result. For example, "0" may represent a normal state (a state without a short circuit), and "1" may represent a short circuit state, and the comparison may depend on the value of the short/normal state.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an example of adjusting a detection parameter, according to one or more embodiments.
- a reference data set may be determined based on a preliminary experimental result, may be determined based on an actual driving result during a sample driving section of a battery, or may be determined by applying the actual driving result to the preliminary experimental result.
- the sample driving section may represent an initial section (for example, initial 50 cycles of a charge/discharge section) in which the battery starts being driven in an actual use environment.
- FIG. 6 may correspond to an operation of applying the actual driving result to the preliminary experimental result.
- a graph 600 may include detection parameters 601 before adjustment and detection parameters 602 after adjustment.
- the detection parameters 601 may correspond to the preliminary experimental result.
- the detection parameters 601 may be adjusted to the detection parameters 602 based on the actual driving result.
- the actual driving result may be obtained by driving the battery during a sample period in an actual use environment of the battery, such as an electronic device (for example, a smartphone) in which the battery is mounted, and a reference data set may be determined by adjusting the preliminary experimental result based on statistical data (for example, average data) based on the actual driving result.
- the detection parameters 601 may be adjusted based on Equation 1 shown below, for example.
- P 2 ⁇ + x ⁇ abs x X
- Equation 1 P2 denotes the detection parameters 602
- ⁇ denotes an average value of detection parameters based on an actual driving result
- x denotes a difference between the detection parameters 601 and ⁇
- X denotes a maximum difference between the detection parameters 602 and ⁇ .
- x corresponds to a distance between a detection parameter 620 and ⁇
- X corresponds to a distance between a detection parameter value 611 and ⁇ .
- the detection parameter value 620 may be adjusted to a detection parameter value 630.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an example of an operation of determining a reference data set.
- a short circuit detection apparatus may select a detection parameter to be used for short circuit detection.
- the detection parameter may be selected to correspond to a change in an error in voltage estimation, a change in a cumulative error in voltage estimation, a change in a correction value of a voltage error, a change in a cumulative correction value of a voltage error, a voltage change, a current change, a capacity change, a temperature change, a short circuit resistance value, or a short circuit current value, for example.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may set an environmental condition in which short circuit detection is performed.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may obtain a reference data set in the set environmental condition and may perform short circuit detection using the reference data set in a corresponding environment.
- a short circuit detection environment may include a charge/discharge range (for example, a time range, a speed range, a voltage range) and a temperature range.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether a variation factor that affects the detection parameter is present.
- the variation factor may correspond to a charge/discharge temperature, a charge/discharge range (for example, a voltage range), or a charge/discharge speed, for example. If the variation factor is not present, in operation 740, the short circuit detection apparatus may obtain a short circuit parameter without the variation factor. Otherwise, if the variation factor is present, in operation 750, the short circuit detection apparatus may obtain a short circuit parameter while adjusting (varying) the variation factor.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may determine a reference data set based on the short circuit parameter and the variation factor. If the variation factor is present, each data element/row of the reference data set may include both the short circuit parameter and the variation factor. If the variation factor is not present, each data element/row of the reference data set may include only the short circuit parameter.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether a reference value based on a preliminary experimental result is used. If the reference value based on the preliminary experimental result is not used, in operation 820, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine the reference data set by a reference value based on an actual driving result. In operation 830, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether the reference value based on the actual driving result is used. If the reference value based on the actual driving result is not used, in operation 840, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine the reference data set by the reference value based on the preliminary experimental result.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may determine the reference data set by a reference value based on the preliminary experimental result and the actual driving result.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may adjust the reference value based on the preliminary experimental result based on the reference value based on the actual driving result.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may determine a reference value based on the preliminary experimental result and/or the actual driving result based on operations 710 to 760.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example of detecting a short circuit using reference data, according to one or more embodiments.
- a battery is driven.
- a short circuit detection apparatus determines whether a driving environment for a battery satisfies an environmental condition. In case the driving environment satisfies the environmental condition, in operation 930, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether a comparison result between a detection parameter value and a reference value indicates a short circuit state.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may determine the detection parameter value and a variation factor value(s) based on battery data measured by the battery, may extract a reference value corresponding to the detection parameter from a reference data set by using the variation factor, and may detect a battery short circuit based on a comparison result between the detection parameter and the reference value. If the comparison result indicates the short circuit state, in operation 940, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine that the battery is in the short circuit state.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may perform a necessary action such as notifying a short circuit situation to a user, deactivating the battery, powering off a device incorporating the battery, a device using the battery entering a low power mode, modifying how the battery is driven, etc.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example of detecting a short circuit that considers degradation of a battery, according to one or more embodiments.
- a battery in operation 1010, may be driven.
- a short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether a driving environment satisfies an environmental condition, and in operation 1030, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether a comparison result between a detection parameter and a reference value indicates a short circuit state. In case the comparison result indicates the short circuit state, in operation 1040, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine that the battery is in the short circuit state.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether battery degradation is detected.
- the detection parameter may be affected by the variation factor as well as degradation of the battery. For example, in case of rapid battery degradation, an amount of cumulative SOC correction in a CV charging section may positively increase. In this case, the accuracy of short circuit detection may be helped by re-adjusting a reference data set after reflecting the battery degradation in a battery model used for short circuit detection. If a period for degradation correction of the battery model is sufficiently short, short circuit detection may be performed without re-adjustment since a degree of degradation is continuously reflected in the battery model and a battery state is estimated. In operation 1060, the short circuit detection apparatus may determine whether the period for degradation correction of the battery model is sufficiently short, and in operation 1070, the reference data set may be updated after degradation correction of the battery model.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a short circuit detection apparatus, according to one or more embodiments.
- a short circuit detection apparatus 1100 includes a processor 1110 and a memory 1120.
- the memory 1120 may be connected to the processor 1110, and store instructions executable by the processor 1110, data to be processed by the processor 1110, or data processed by the processor 1110.
- the memory 1120 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium, for example, high-speed random-access memory (RAM), and/or a nonvolatile computer-readable storage medium (e.g., one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other nonvolatile solid state memory devices).
- RAM high-speed random-access memory
- nonvolatile computer-readable storage medium e.g., one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other nonvolatile solid state memory devices.
- the processor 1110 may execute instructions to perform the operations described herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 , FIG. 12 , and FIG. 13 .
- the processor 1110 may determine a variation factor that affects a detection parameter and the detection parameter used for detecting a battery short circuit, based on battery data measured by the battery, may extract a reference value corresponding to the detection parameter from a reference data set by using the variation factor, and may detect a battery short circuit based on a comparison result between the detection parameter and the reference value.
- the description provided with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 , FIG. 12 , and FIG. 13 may be applicable to the short circuit detection apparatus 1100.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an electronic apparatus, according to one or more embodiments.
- an electronic apparatus 1200 may include a processor 1210, a memory 1220, a camera 1230, a storage device 1240, an input device 1250, an output device 1260, a network interface 1270, and a battery 1280, and these components may communicate with one another via a communication bus 1290.
- the electronic apparatus 1200 may be implemented as, or at least as a portion of, for example, a mobile device such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a netbook, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and the like, a wearable device such as a smart watch, a smart band, smart glasses, and the like, a home appliance such as a television (TV), a smart TV, a refrigerator, and the like, a security device such as a door lock and the like, and a vehicle such as an autonomous vehicle, a smart vehicle, and the like.
- the electronic apparatus 1200 may structurally and/or functionally include the short circuit detection apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 and/or a short circuit detection apparatus 1100 of FIG. 11 .
- the processor 1210 and memory 1220 may respectively correspond to the processor 1110 and memory 1120 of FIG. 11 .
- the processor 1210 executes instructions or functions to be executed by the electronic device 1200.
- the processor 1210 may process the instructions stored in the memory 1220 or the storage device 1240.
- the processor 1210 may perform one or more, or all, of the operations or methods described herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13 .
- the memory 1220 may include a computer-readable storage medium or a computer-readable storage device.
- the memory 1220 may store instructions to be executed by the processor 1210 and may store related information while software and/or an application is executed by the electronic device 1200.
- the camera 1230 may capture a photo and/or a video.
- the camera 1230 may capture a face image including a face of a user.
- the camera 1230 may be a three-dimensional (3D) camera including depth information associated with objects.
- the storage device 1240 may include a computer-readable storage medium or computer-readable storage device.
- the storage device 1240 may store more information than the memory 1220 for a long time.
- the storage device 1240 may include a magnetic hard disk, an optical disc, a flash memory, a floppy disk, or other non-volatile memory known in the art.
- the input device 1250 may receive an input from the user in traditional input manners through a keyboard and a mouse, and in new input manners such as a touch input, a voice input, and an image input.
- the input device 1250 may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, or any other device that detects the input from the user and transmits the detected input to the electronic device 1200.
- the output device 1260 may provide an output of the electronic device 1200 to the user through a visual, auditory, or haptic channel.
- the output device 1260 may include, for example, a display, a touch screen, a speaker, a vibration generator, or any other device that provides the output to the user.
- the network interface 1270 may communicate with an external device through a wired or wireless network.
- the battery 1280 may store power, and may supply the power to the electronic apparatus 1200.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example of detecting a short circuit, according to one or more embodiments.
- a short circuit detection apparatus may determine a detection parameter value used for detecting battery short circuit and a variation factor that affects the detection parameter based on battery data measured by a battery and a battery model of the corresponding battery.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may extract a reference value corresponding to the detection parameter from a reference data set by using the variation factor.
- the short circuit detection apparatus may detect a battery short circuit based on a comparison result between the detection parameter value and the reference value.
- the description provided with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12 may be applicable to the short circuit detection method.
- the computing apparatuses, the vehicles, the electronic devices, the processors, the memories, the image sensors, the vehicle/operation function hardware, the ADAS/AD systems, the displays, the information output system and hardware, the storage devices, and other apparatuses, devices, units, modules, and components described herein with respect to FIGS. 1-13 are implemented by or representative of hardware components.
- hardware components that may be used to perform the operations described in this application where appropriate include controllers, sensors, generators, drivers, memories, comparators, arithmetic logic units, adders, subtractors, multipliers, dividers, integrators, and any other electronic components configured to perform the operations described in this application.
- one or more of the hardware components that perform the operations described in this application are implemented by computing hardware, for example, by one or more processors or computers.
- a processor or computer may be implemented by one or more processing elements, such as an array of logic gates, a controller and an arithmetic logic unit, a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller, a fieldprogrammable gate array, a programmable logic array, a microprocessor, or any other device or combination of devices that is configured to respond to and execute instructions in a defined manner to achieve a desired result.
- a processor or computer includes, or is connected to, one or more memories storing instructions or software that are executed by the processor or computer.
- Hardware components implemented by a processor or computer may execute instructions or software, such as an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications that run on the OS, to perform the operations described in this application.
- the hardware components may also access, manipulate, process, create, and store data in response to execution of the instructions or software.
- OS operating system
- processors or computers may be used, or a processor or computer may include multiple processing elements, or multiple types of processing elements, or both.
- a single hardware component or two or more hardware components may be implemented by a single processor, or two or more processors, or a processor and a controller.
- One or more hardware components may be implemented by one or more processors, or a processor and a controller, and one or more other hardware components may be implemented by one or more other processors, or another processor and another controller.
- One or more processors, or a processor and a controller may implement a single hardware component, or two or more hardware components.
- a hardware component may have any one or more of different processing configurations, examples of which include a single processor, independent processors, parallel processors, single-instruction single-data (SISD) multiprocessing, single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) multiprocessing, multiple-instruction single-data (MISD) multiprocessing, and multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD) multiprocessing.
- SISD single-instruction single-data
- SIMD single-instruction multiple-data
- MIMD multiple-instruction multiple-data
- FIGS. 1-13 that perform the operations described in this application are performed by computing hardware, for example, by one or more processors or computers, implemented as described above implementing instructions or software to perform the operations described in this application that are performed by the methods.
- a single operation or two or more operations may be performed by a single processor, or two or more processors, or a processor and a controller.
- One or more operations may be performed by one or more processors, or a processor and a controller, and one or more other operations may be performed by one or more other processors, or another processor and another controller.
- One or more processors, or a processor and a controller may perform a single operation, or two or more operations.
- Instructions or software to control computing hardware may be written as computer programs, code segments, instructions or any combination thereof, for individually or collectively instructing or configuring the one or more processors or computers to operate as a machine or special-purpose computer to perform the operations that are performed by the hardware components and the methods as described above.
- the instructions or software include machine code that is directly executed by the one or more processors or computers, such as machine code produced by a compiler.
- the instructions or software includes higher-level code that is executed by the one or more processors or computer using an interpreter.
- the instructions or software may be written using any programming language based on the block diagrams and the flow charts illustrated in the drawings and the corresponding descriptions herein, which disclose algorithms for performing the operations that are performed by the hardware components and the methods as described above.
- the instructions or software to control computing hardware for example, one or more processors or computers, to implement the hardware components and perform the methods as described above, and any associated data, data files, and data structures, may be recorded, stored, or fixed in or on one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media.
- Examples of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium include read-only memory (ROM), random-access programmable read only memory (PROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random-access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory, non-volatile memory, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD+Rs, CD-RWs, CD+RWs, DVD-ROMs, DVD- Rs, DVD+Rs, DVD-RWs, DVD+RWs, DVD-RAMs, BD-ROMs, BD-Rs, BD-R LTHs, BD-Res, blue-ray or optical disk storage, hard disk drive (HDD), solid state drive (SSD), flash memory, a card type memory such as multimedia card micro or a card (for example, secure digital (SD) or extreme digital (XD)), magnetic tapes, floppy disks, magneto-optical data storage devices, optical data storage devices, hard disks, solid
- the instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures are distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the instructions and software and any associated data, data files, and data structures are stored, accessed, and executed in a distributed fashion by the one or more processors or computers.
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US20180328998A1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and apparatus for battery internal short current detection under arbitrary load conditions |
WO2021006566A1 (fr) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Dispositif et procédé de diagnostic de cellule de batterie |
CN112924885A (zh) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 同济大学 | 基于增量容量曲线峰值高度的电池内短路定量诊断方法 |
US20210239766A1 (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and system for detecting operating status of battery |
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US20180328998A1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and apparatus for battery internal short current detection under arbitrary load conditions |
WO2021006566A1 (fr) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Dispositif et procédé de diagnostic de cellule de batterie |
US20210239766A1 (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and system for detecting operating status of battery |
CN112924885A (zh) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 同济大学 | 基于增量容量曲线峰值高度的电池内短路定量诊断方法 |
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