EP4193417A1 - Device for cooling two electrochemical cells, corresponding electrochemical assembly and method - Google Patents

Device for cooling two electrochemical cells, corresponding electrochemical assembly and method

Info

Publication number
EP4193417A1
EP4193417A1 EP21761993.1A EP21761993A EP4193417A1 EP 4193417 A1 EP4193417 A1 EP 4193417A1 EP 21761993 A EP21761993 A EP 21761993A EP 4193417 A1 EP4193417 A1 EP 4193417A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
channel sections
electrochemical
electrochemical cell
open channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21761993.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas Obrecht
Clément Humbert
Alexandre Narbonne
Floriane LE FUSTEC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
Original Assignee
TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TotalEnergies Onetech SAS filed Critical TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
Publication of EP4193417A1 publication Critical patent/EP4193417A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • TITLE Device for cooling two electrochemical cells, electrochemical assembly and corresponding method
  • the present invention relates to a device for cooling two adjacent electrochemical cells.
  • Electrochemical cell cooling devices are known which are used to manage the temperature of electrochemical cells.
  • a cooling device is known from patent application IN 201841043026 (application number).
  • the object of the invention is to propose a cooling device which makes it possible to effectively manage the temperature of two electrochemical cells and this with economical means.
  • the object of the invention is also to propose an effective device for the thermal management of modules of electrochemical cells.
  • the device must be reliable and have a small size and low weight.
  • the problem of thermal runaway of Li-lon cells is known. This phenomenon appears when an electrochemical cell reaches a determined critical temperature, which leads to the heating of a neighboring cell to the critical temperature.
  • the invention also aims to reduce the risk of thermal runaway, in particular inside an electrochemical module or a group of cells.
  • the subject of the invention is a cooling device as indicated above, characterized in that the cooling device comprises a cooling body provided
  • cooling channel adapted to contain a cooling liquid;
  • the cooling channel comprises first open channel sections which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the first electrochemical cell and the cooling channel comprises second open channel sections which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the second electrochemical cell.
  • the latter may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the cooling channel defines a direction of circulation (S) of the cooling fluid and comprises, in the direction of circulation, alternately the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections, and the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections are connected by closed connecting channel sections;
  • the cooling body comprises a contact plate and a connection plate, the contact plate forms the first body face, the second body face, the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections, and the plate connecting form the connecting channel sections as well as, preferably, an inlet and an outlet for coolant;
  • the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections are formed by through grooves made in the contact plate, these through grooves being covered by the connecting plate, and/or the connecting sections are formed by grooves closed formed in the connecting plate;
  • the first open channel sections and/or the second open channel sections have a substantially U-shape, and in particular these substantially U-shaped open channel sections are arranged side by side or are nested one in the other ;
  • the cooling device comprises a buffer housing comprising a thermal buffer made of phase-change material, in particular the buffer housing being formed by a stepped part of the connecting plate.
  • the invention also relates to an electrochemical assembly, of the type comprising
  • the electrochemical assembly comprises a cooling device as defined above, in that the first wall covers the first open channel sections, in that the second wall covers the second open channel sections, and in that the channel sections covered by the first and second walls and the connecting channel sections form a cooling circuit.
  • the latter may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the first wall and the second wall are the large faces respectively of the first housing and second housing;
  • the cooling circuit contains a cooling fluid which is a dielectric fluid, in particular a dielectric liquid.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cooling an electrochemical assembly, characterized in that the electrochemical assembly is an electrochemical assembly as defined above, and in that the method comprises circulating cooling liquid through through the cooling circuit, cooling the first electrochemical cell and heating the coolant, and heating the second electrochemical cell at least partially with the thermal energy of the coolant received from the first electrochemical cell.
  • FIG 1 shows in perspective a battery according to the invention comprising a multitude of electrochemical cells and a multitude of cooling devices;
  • FIG 2 shows in perspective on a larger scale part of the battery of Figure 1, comprising four cells and two cooling devices according to the invention
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic top view of the part of the battery of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows in perspective the contact plate and the connecting plate of a cooling device according to the invention
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the contact plate of Figure 4.
  • FIG 6 is a front view of the link plate of Figure 4.
  • Figure 1 a battery according to the invention, designated by the general reference 2.
  • the battery is an electrochemical battery as commonly used in electric vehicles. However, other areas of application of Battery 2 are envisaged.
  • the battery 2 comprises a multitude of first electrochemical cells 4 and second electrochemical cells 6 and a multitude of cooling devices 8.
  • the battery 2 also includes a go ramp 10 and a return ramp 12 of coolant.
  • the battery 2 comprises a multitude of electrochemical assemblies 20, each of which comprises a first electrochemical cell 4, a second electrochemical cell 6 and a cooling device 8.
  • Each first electrochemical cell 4 comprises a first casing 22, which is substantially parallelepipedic, and which forms a first flat wall 24 .
  • the first wall 24 forms the large face of the parallelepiped that constitutes the first casing 22.
  • the first electrochemical cell 4 comprises conventional electrochemical elements, for example of the Li-ion type and contacts on its upper face (FIG. 2).
  • Each second electrochemical cell 6 comprises a second casing 32, which is substantially parallelepipedal, and which forms a second flat wall 34 .
  • the second wall 34 forms the large face of the parallelepiped that constitutes the second casing 32.
  • the second electrochemical cell 6 comprises conventional electrochemical elements, for example of the Li-ion type and contacts on its upper face.
  • the first electrochemical cell 4 and the second electrochemical cell 6 are adjacent.
  • the first casing 22 and the second casing 32 are arranged one beside the other such that the first and second walls 24, 34 are coplanar.
  • the cooling device 8 is suitable for cooling the first electrochemical cell 4 and the second electrochemical cell 6 of an electrochemical assembly 20.
  • the cooling device 8 is also suitable for transmitting part of the heat from the first electrochemical cell 4 to the second electrochemical cell 6 and vice versa.
  • the cooling device 8 is adapted to circulate cooling fluid from a heat receiving zone, for example of the first electrochemical cell 4, to a heat delivery zone, for example of the second cell electrochemical 6.
  • the cooling device 8 comprises a cooling circuit 36 which contains the cooling fluid, which is a dielectric fluid.
  • the cooling fluid is therefore a heat transfer fluid.
  • dielectric fluid any fluid, therefore any gas or liquid, which can support a static electric field and act as an electrical insulator.
  • dielectric fluids suitable for the present invention may include, but are not limited to, any ignition-resistant and/or non-flammable dielectric fluid. More in particular, the dielectric fluid resists at least ignition up to a maximum temperature that can appear in the electrochemical cell which is for example the minimum thermal runaway temperature.
  • dielectric fluids which can be used in the context of the present invention, without limitation, are those which are already used in all the constituent parts of the powertrain of a motor vehicle, more particularly that of a hybrid vehicle. or electrical, such as the motor, the power electronics, the reduction gear, or again and preferably at the battery level.
  • the dielectric fluids that can be used in the context of the present invention are, for example, produced from paraffinic base oils, silicone oils, or synthetic organic esters.
  • the dielectric fluids which can be used in the context of the present invention and which are based on mineral oils are very conventionally used because of their availability, their low cost and their physical properties such as that of being characterized by good thermal properties.
  • the cooling device 8 comprises for this purpose a cooling body 40 provided with a first face of the body 42 adapted to be in contact with the first electrochemical cell 4, more exactly to be in contact with the first casing 22, with a second body face 44, adapted to be in contact with the second electrochemical cell 6, more exactly to be in contact with the second casing 32, and with a cooling channel 46 adapted to contain the cooling liquid.
  • the cooling channel 46 comprises first channel sections 48 formed in the first face of the body 42 and open which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the first electrochemical cell 4.
  • the cooling channel 46 comprises second channel sections 50, formed in the second body face 44 and open which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the second electrochemical cell 6.
  • the first channel sections 48 open and the second channel sections 50 open are connected by connecting channel sections 52 closed. These connecting channel sections 52 span the gap between the two adjacent electrochemical cells.
  • the cooling channel 46 defines a direction of circulation S of the cooling fluid and comprises, in the direction of circulation S, alternately the first open channel sections, the second open channel sections and the connecting channel sections 52 closed.
  • the cooling body 40 includes a contact plate 56 and a connecting plate 58.
  • the contact plate 56 forms the first body face 42, the second body face 44, the first channel sections 48 open and the second channel sections 50 open.
  • the first channel sections 48 and the second channel sections 50 are formed by through grooves formed in the contact plate 56, that is to say the grooves cross the thickness of the contact plate 56.
  • the contact plate 56 in this case has a rectangular outer contour.
  • the contact plate 56 is in this case a single piece and a single piece.
  • the contact plate 56 is made of a relatively flexible material, that is to say adapted to make the interface between the body faces 42, 44 and the electrochemical cells on one side and between the surface of the contact plate and the connecting plate 58 on the other side is impermeable to the cooling liquid and this by compression of the cooling body 40 between a pair of two electrochemical cells 4, 6 and a pair of two neighboring electrochemical cells 4, 6.
  • the material of the contact plate 56 is also resistant to high temperatures (temperature range) and an aggressive chemical environment.
  • a material is for example marketed under the trade name “COGEMICA HT 710”.
  • the material is for example Mica + silicone powder. Other materials can be used for this purpose.
  • the material of the contact plate 56 is more flexible or elastic than the material of the housing 22, 32 and the connecting plate 58.
  • the first channel sections 48 and/or the second channel sections 50 have a substantially “U” shape (see Figures 4 and 5).
  • the substantially U-shaped channel sections are arranged side-by-side or are nested one inside the other.
  • the first channel sections 48 are arranged side by side with the open end of the "U” directed towards the second channel sections 50.
  • the second channel sections 50 are arranged nested into each other with the open end of the "U" facing the first channel sections 48.
  • the connecting plate 58 has a connecting face 60 which is in sealed contact with the contact plate 56, on the side opposite the body faces 42, 44.
  • the connecting plate 58 forms the connecting channel sections 52 as well as, preferably, an inlet 62 for coolant and an outlet 64 for coolant.
  • the coolant inlet 62 is connected to the supply ramp 10 and the liquid outlet 64 is connected to the return ramp 12.
  • the connecting channel sections 52 are formed by closed or blind grooves formed in the connecting plate 58.
  • the connecting channel sections 52 are closed by the contact plate and are in fluid communication at their ends. When the cooling liquid circulates in the connecting channel section 52, it is in contact with the connecting plate 58 and with the contact plate 56, but not with the casing of the electrochemical cells 4 and 6.
  • the connecting plate 58 is made of a harder material than that of the contact plate 56, and is for example aluminum.
  • the cooling device 8 may also comprise at least one buffer housing 66 comprising a thermal buffer 68, in particular comprising a phase change material (PCM).
  • the buffer housing 66 is in this case formed by a stepped part 70 of the connecting plate 58.
  • the connecting plate 58 comprises two stepped parts 70 which are arranged on either side. other of the connecting channel sections 52.
  • the cooling device comprises two thermal pads 68.
  • the thermal pads 68 are out of contact with the coolant and are applied on one side to the connecting plate 58 and on the other side to one of the housings 22, 32 of the electrochemical cells.
  • the phase change material of the thermal buffer 68 comprises for example an organic material, such as a polymer, a wax or an oil.
  • the transition temperature of the phase change material is for example between 25°C and 35°C.
  • the material may also be a material marketed under the name “PCsMart” by the company Hutchinson.
  • the thickness of the connecting plate 56 is 1.5 mm and can be between 1 mm and 2 mm.
  • the height of the cooling channels 48 is 16 mm and can be between 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 20 mm.
  • the combined height of all the cooling channels is for example at least 70% of the height of the connecting plate.
  • the cooling channel 46 is provided with exactly two first channel sections 48 and two second channel sections 50. This example shows a good compromise between fluid pressure drop and cooling capacity.
  • the cooling device is used in the following manner: cooling fluid or heat transfer fluid is circulated through the cooling circuit by cooling the first electrochemical cell 4 and by heating the cooling fluid or heat transfer fluid. Next, the coolant or heat transfer fluid heats the second electrochemical cell 6, and the thermal buffer 68 through the connection plate 58, at least partially with the thermal energy that the coolant or heat transfer fluid has received from the first electrochemical cell 4.
  • the heat transfer fluid can exchange calories with the cells 4, 6 with which it is in contact so as to cool or heat them (as needed).
  • the heat transfer fluid is also temperature-regulated in a circuit external to the battery and not described here.
  • an operating mode makes it possible to limit excessive heating of a cell by distributing the thermal energy of said cell over the other elements, which will serve as heat sinks.
  • the heat transfer fluid can cool a cell 4, which would be in an abnormal heating phase, by absorbing heat then transferring its heat to cell 6, the connecting plate 58 and the thermal pads 68.

Abstract

Said device (8) for cooling two adjacent electrochemical cells (4, 6), characterised in that the cooling device comprises a cooling body (40) provided with a first body face suitable for being in contact with a first electrochemical cell and a second body face suitable for being in contact with a second electrochemical cell, and with a cooling channel suitable for containing a cooling liquid. The cooling channel has first open channel sections which are suitable for being closed by a wall of the first electrochemical cell and the cooling channel comprises second open channel sections which are suitable for being closed by a wall of the second electrochemical cell.

Description

TITRE : Dispositif de refroidissement de deux cellules électrochimiques, ensemble électrochimique et procédé correspondants TITLE: Device for cooling two electrochemical cells, electrochemical assembly and corresponding method
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de refroidissement de deux cellules électrochimiques adjacentes. The present invention relates to a device for cooling two adjacent electrochemical cells.
On connait des dispositifs de refroidissement de cellules électrochimiques qui sont utilisés pour gérer la température de cellules électrochimiques. Electrochemical cell cooling devices are known which are used to manage the temperature of electrochemical cells.
Un dispositif de refroidissement est connu de la demande de brevet IN 201841043026 (numéro de demande). A cooling device is known from patent application IN 201841043026 (application number).
Dans le domaine des cellules électrochimiques tel que les cellules Li-lon, il est connu que la température des cellules doit être gérée afin de maintenir la température à l’intérieur d’une plage adéquate de la cellule. In the field of electrochemical cells such as Li-lon cells, it is known that the cell temperature must be managed in order to maintain the temperature within an adequate range of the cell.
L’invention a pour but de proposer un dispositif de refroidissement qui permet de gérer d’une manière efficace la température de deux cellules électrochimiques et ceci avec des moyens économiques. L’objet de l’invention est également de proposer un dispositif efficace de management thermique de modules de cellules électrochimiques. De plus, le dispositif doit être fiable et avoir un encombrement et un poids faible. Par ailleurs, le problème de l’emballement thermique de cellules Li-lon est connu. Ce phénomène apparait lorsqu’une cellule électrochimique atteint une température critique déterminée, ce qui conduit à réchauffement d’une cellule voisine à la température critique. L’invention a en outre pour objet de réduire le risque de l’emballement thermique, notamment à l’intérieur d’un module électrochimique ou d’un groupe de cellules. The object of the invention is to propose a cooling device which makes it possible to effectively manage the temperature of two electrochemical cells and this with economical means. The object of the invention is also to propose an effective device for the thermal management of modules of electrochemical cells. In addition, the device must be reliable and have a small size and low weight. Furthermore, the problem of thermal runaway of Li-lon cells is known. This phenomenon appears when an electrochemical cell reaches a determined critical temperature, which leads to the heating of a neighboring cell to the critical temperature. The invention also aims to reduce the risk of thermal runaway, in particular inside an electrochemical module or a group of cells.
A cet effet, l’invention a pour objet un dispositif de refroidissement tel qu’indiqué ci- dessus caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de refroidissement comprend un corps de refroidissement muni To this end, the subject of the invention is a cooling device as indicated above, characterized in that the cooling device comprises a cooling body provided
- d’une première face de corps adaptée pour être en contact d’une première cellule électrochimique et - a first body face adapted to be in contact with a first electrochemical cell and
- d’une deuxième face de corps adaptée pour être en contact d’une deuxième cellule électrochimique, - a second body face adapted to be in contact with a second electrochemical cell,
- d’un canal de refroidissement adapté pour contenir un liquide de refroidissement ; le canal de refroidissement comporte des premiers tronçons de canal ouverts qui sont adaptés pour être fermés par une paroi de la première cellule électrochimique et le canal de refroidissement comporte des deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts qui sont adaptés pour être fermés par une paroi de la deuxième cellule électrochimique. - a cooling channel adapted to contain a cooling liquid; the cooling channel comprises first open channel sections which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the first electrochemical cell and the cooling channel comprises second open channel sections which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the second electrochemical cell.
Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers du dispositif de refroidissement, celui-ci peut comporter l’une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : According to particular embodiments of the cooling device, the latter may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
- le canal de refroidissement définit un sens de circulation (S) du fluide de refroidissement et comporte, dans le sens de circulation, alternativement les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts, et les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts sont reliés par des tronçons de canal de liaison fermés ; - the cooling channel defines a direction of circulation (S) of the cooling fluid and comprises, in the direction of circulation, alternately the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections, and the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections are connected by closed connecting channel sections;
- le corps de refroidissement comprend une plaque de contact et une plaque de liaison, la plaque de contact forme la première face de corps, la deuxième face de corps, les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts, et la plaque de liaison forment les tronçons de canal de liaison ainsi que, de préférence une entrée et une sortie de liquide de refroidissement ; - the cooling body comprises a contact plate and a connection plate, the contact plate forms the first body face, the second body face, the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections, and the plate connecting form the connecting channel sections as well as, preferably, an inlet and an outlet for coolant;
- les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts sont formés par des rainures traversantes ménagées dans la plaque de contact, ces rainures traversantes étant couvertes par la plaque de liaison, et/ou les tronçons de liaison sont formés par des rainures fermées ménagées dans la plaque de liaison ; - the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections are formed by through grooves made in the contact plate, these through grooves being covered by the connecting plate, and/or the connecting sections are formed by grooves closed formed in the connecting plate;
- les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et/ou les deuxième tronçons de canal ouverts ont une forme sensiblement de U, et en particulier ces tronçons de canal ouverts en forme sensiblement de U sont disposés côte-à-côte ou sont imbriqués l’un dans l’autre ; - the first open channel sections and/or the second open channel sections have a substantially U-shape, and in particular these substantially U-shaped open channel sections are arranged side by side or are nested one in the other ;
- le dispositif de refroidissement comprend un logement de tampon comprenant un tampon thermique en matière à changement de phase, notamment le logement de tampon étant formé par une partie étagée de la plaque de liaison. - the cooling device comprises a buffer housing comprising a thermal buffer made of phase-change material, in particular the buffer housing being formed by a stepped part of the connecting plate.
L’invention a également pour objet un ensemble électrochimique, du type comprenant The invention also relates to an electrochemical assembly, of the type comprising
- une première cellule électrochimique ayant un premier boîtier muni d’une première paroi, - a first electrochemical cell having a first casing provided with a first wall,
- une deuxième cellule électrochimique ayant un deuxième boîtier muni d’une deuxième paroi, caractérisé en ce que l’ensemble électrochimique comprend un dispositif de refroidissement tel que défini ci-dessus, en ce que la première paroi couvre les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts, en ce que la deuxième paroi couvre les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts, et en ce que les tronçons de canal couverts par les première et seconde parois et les tronçons de canal de liaison forment un circuit de refroidissement. Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers de l’ensemble, celui-ci peut comporter l’une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : - a second electrochemical cell having a second casing provided with a second wall, characterized in that the electrochemical assembly comprises a cooling device as defined above, in that the first wall covers the first open channel sections, in that the second wall covers the second open channel sections, and in that the channel sections covered by the first and second walls and the connecting channel sections form a cooling circuit. According to particular embodiments of the assembly, the latter may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
- la première paroi et la deuxième paroi sont les grandes faces respectivement du premier boîtier et deuxième boîtier ; et - The first wall and the second wall are the large faces respectively of the first housing and second housing; and
- le circuit de refroidissement contient un fluide de refroidissement qui est un fluide diélectrique, notamment un liquide diélectrique. - the cooling circuit contains a cooling fluid which is a dielectric fluid, in particular a dielectric liquid.
L’invention a également pour objet un procédé de refroidissement d’un ensemble électrochimique, caractérisé en ce que l’ensemble électrochimique est un ensemble électrochimique tel que défini ci-dessus, et en ce que le procédé comprend faire circuler du liquide de refroidissement à travers le circuit de refroidissement, en refroidissant la première cellule électrochimique et en chauffant le liquide de refroidissement, et en chauffant la deuxième cellule électrochimique au moins partiellement avec l’énergie thermique du liquide de refroidissement reçu de la première cellule électrochimique. The invention also relates to a method for cooling an electrochemical assembly, characterized in that the electrochemical assembly is an electrochemical assembly as defined above, and in that the method comprises circulating cooling liquid through through the cooling circuit, cooling the first electrochemical cell and heating the coolant, and heating the second electrochemical cell at least partially with the thermal energy of the coolant received from the first electrochemical cell.
L’invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d’exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels : The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
[Fig 1] La Figure 1 montre en perspective une batterie selon l’invention comprenant une multitude de cellules électrochimiques et une multitude de dispositifs de refroidissement ; [Fig 1] Figure 1 shows in perspective a battery according to the invention comprising a multitude of electrochemical cells and a multitude of cooling devices;
[Fig 2] La Figure 2 montre en perspective à plus grande échelle une partie de la batterie de la Figure 1 , comprenant quatre cellules et deux dispositifs de refroidissement selon l’invention ; [Fig 2] Figure 2 shows in perspective on a larger scale part of the battery of Figure 1, comprising four cells and two cooling devices according to the invention;
[Fig 3] La Figure 3 montre en vue de dessus schématiquement la partie de la batterie de la Figure 2 ; [Fig 3] Figure 3 shows a schematic top view of the part of the battery of Figure 2;
[Fig 4] La Figure 4 montre en perspective la plaque de contact et la plaque de liaison d’un dispositif de refroidissement selon l’invention ; [Fig 4] Figure 4 shows in perspective the contact plate and the connecting plate of a cooling device according to the invention;
[Fig 5] La Figure 5 est une vue de face de la plaque de contact de la Figure 4 ; et[Fig 5] Figure 5 is a front view of the contact plate of Figure 4; and
[Fig 6] La Figure 6 est une vue de face de la plaque de liaison de la Figure 4. [Fig 6] Figure 6 is a front view of the link plate of Figure 4.
Sur la Figure 1 est représentée une batterie selon l’invention, désignée par la référence générale 2. In Figure 1 is shown a battery according to the invention, designated by the general reference 2.
La batterie est une batterie électrochimique telle qu’utilisée habituellement dans les véhicules électriques. Toutefois, d’autres domaines d’application de la batterie 2 sont envisagés. The battery is an electrochemical battery as commonly used in electric vehicles. However, other areas of application of Battery 2 are envisaged.
La batterie 2 comprend une multitude de premières cellules électrochimiques 4 et de deuxièmes cellules électrochimiques 6 et une multitude de dispositifs de refroidissement 8. La batterie 2 comprend également une rampe aller 10 et une rampe retour 12 de liquide de refroidissement. The battery 2 comprises a multitude of first electrochemical cells 4 and second electrochemical cells 6 and a multitude of cooling devices 8. The battery 2 also includes a go ramp 10 and a return ramp 12 of coolant.
La batterie 2 comprend une multitude d’ensembles électrochimiques 20 dont chacun comprend une première cellule électrochimique 4, une deuxième cellule électrochimique 6 et un dispositif de refroidissement 8. The battery 2 comprises a multitude of electrochemical assemblies 20, each of which comprises a first electrochemical cell 4, a second electrochemical cell 6 and a cooling device 8.
Chaque première cellule électrochimique 4 comprend un premier boîtier 22, qui est sensiblement parallélépipédique, et qui forme une première paroi 24 plane. La première paroi 24 forme la grande face du parallélépipède que constitue le premier boîtier 22. La première cellule électrochimique 4 comprend des éléments électrochimiques classiques, par exemple du type Li-ion et des contacts sur sa face supérieure (Figure 2). Each first electrochemical cell 4 comprises a first casing 22, which is substantially parallelepipedic, and which forms a first flat wall 24 . The first wall 24 forms the large face of the parallelepiped that constitutes the first casing 22. The first electrochemical cell 4 comprises conventional electrochemical elements, for example of the Li-ion type and contacts on its upper face (FIG. 2).
Chaque deuxième cellule électrochimique 6 comprend un deuxième boîtier 32, qui est sensiblement parallélépipédique, et qui forme une deuxième paroi 34 plane. La deuxième paroi 34 forme la grande face du parallélépipède que constitue le deuxième boîtier 32. La deuxième cellule électrochimique 6 comprend des éléments électrochimiques classiques, par exemple du type Li-ion et des contacts sur sa face supérieure. Each second electrochemical cell 6 comprises a second casing 32, which is substantially parallelepipedal, and which forms a second flat wall 34 . The second wall 34 forms the large face of the parallelepiped that constitutes the second casing 32. The second electrochemical cell 6 comprises conventional electrochemical elements, for example of the Li-ion type and contacts on its upper face.
La première cellule électrochimique 4 et la deuxième cellule électrochimique 6 sont adjacentes. Dans le cadre de la présente invention ceci signifie que le premier boîtier 22 et le deuxième boîtier 32 sont disposés de telle sorte que leurs petites faces sont en face l’une de l’autre. Par ailleurs, le premier boîtier 22 et le deuxième boîtier 32 sont disposés l’un à côté de l’autre de telle sorte que les première et deuxième paroi 24, 34 sont coplanaires. The first electrochemical cell 4 and the second electrochemical cell 6 are adjacent. In the context of the present invention, this means that the first casing 22 and the second casing 32 are arranged such that their small faces face each other. Furthermore, the first casing 22 and the second casing 32 are arranged one beside the other such that the first and second walls 24, 34 are coplanar.
Le dispositif de refroidissement 8 est adapté pour refroidir la première cellule électrochimique 4 et la deuxième cellule électrochimique 6 d’un ensemble électrochimique 20. Le dispositif de refroidissement 8 est en outre adapté pour transmettre une partie de la chaleur de la première cellule électrochimique 4 vers la deuxième cellule électrochimique 6 et vice-versa. The cooling device 8 is suitable for cooling the first electrochemical cell 4 and the second electrochemical cell 6 of an electrochemical assembly 20. The cooling device 8 is also suitable for transmitting part of the heat from the first electrochemical cell 4 to the second electrochemical cell 6 and vice versa.
A cet effet, le dispositif de refroidissement 8 est adapté pour faire circuler du fluide de refroidissement d’une zone de réception de chaleur, par exemple de la première cellule électrochimique 4, vers une zone de remise de chaleur, par exemple de la deuxième cellule électrochimique 6. To this end, the cooling device 8 is adapted to circulate cooling fluid from a heat receiving zone, for example of the first electrochemical cell 4, to a heat delivery zone, for example of the second cell electrochemical 6.
Le dispositif de refroidissement 8 comprend un circuit de refroidissement 36 qui contient le fluide de refroidissement, qui est un fluide diélectrique. Le fluide de refroidissement est donc un fluide caloporteur. The cooling device 8 comprises a cooling circuit 36 which contains the cooling fluid, which is a dielectric fluid. The cooling fluid is therefore a heat transfer fluid.
Par fluide diélectrique on entend, tout fluide, donc tout gaz ou liquide, qui peut soutenir un champ électrique statique et agir en tant qu’isolant électrique. Des exemples de fluides diélectriques adaptés pour la présente invention peuvent comprendre, de façon non limitative, tout fluide diélectrique résistant à l’inflammation et/ou non inflammable. Plus particulièrement, le fluide diélectrique résiste au moins à l’inflammation jusqu’à une température maximale pouvant apparaitre dans la cellule électrochimique qui est par exemple la température minimale d’emballement thermique. By dielectric fluid is meant any fluid, therefore any gas or liquid, which can support a static electric field and act as an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric fluids suitable for the present invention may include, but are not limited to, any ignition-resistant and/or non-flammable dielectric fluid. More in particular, the dielectric fluid resists at least ignition up to a maximum temperature that can appear in the electrochemical cell which is for example the minimum thermal runaway temperature.
Des exemples de fluides diélectriques qui peuvent être utilisés dans le cadre de la présente invention, non limitativement, sont ceux qui sont déjà utilisé dans l’ensemble des parties constitutives du groupe motopropulseur d’un véhicule automobile, plus particulièrement celui d’un véhicule hybride ou électrique, telles que le moteur, l’électronique de puissance, le réducteur, ou encore et de façon préférentielle au niveau de la batterie. Les fluides diélectriques utilisables dans le cadre de la présente invention sont par exemple produits à partir d’huiles de base paraffiniques, des huiles de silicone, ou d’esters organiques synthétiques. Les fluides diélectriques utilisables dans le cadre de la présente invention et basés sur des huiles minérales sont très classiquement utilisés en raison de leur disponibilité, de leur bas coût et de leurs propriétés physiques telles que celle d’être caractérisée par de bonnes propriétés thermiques. Examples of dielectric fluids which can be used in the context of the present invention, without limitation, are those which are already used in all the constituent parts of the powertrain of a motor vehicle, more particularly that of a hybrid vehicle. or electrical, such as the motor, the power electronics, the reduction gear, or again and preferably at the battery level. The dielectric fluids that can be used in the context of the present invention are, for example, produced from paraffinic base oils, silicone oils, or synthetic organic esters. The dielectric fluids which can be used in the context of the present invention and which are based on mineral oils are very conventionally used because of their availability, their low cost and their physical properties such as that of being characterized by good thermal properties.
Le dispositif de refroidissement 8 comprend à cet effet un corps de refroidissement 40 muni d’une première face de corps 42 adaptée pour être en contact de la première cellule électrochimique 4, plus exactement à être en contact du premier boîtier 22, d’une deuxième face de corps 44, adaptée pour être en contact de la deuxième cellule électrochimique 6, plus exactement à être en contact du deuxième boîtier 32, et d’un canal de refroidissement 46 adapté pour contenir le liquide de refroidissement.The cooling device 8 comprises for this purpose a cooling body 40 provided with a first face of the body 42 adapted to be in contact with the first electrochemical cell 4, more exactly to be in contact with the first casing 22, with a second body face 44, adapted to be in contact with the second electrochemical cell 6, more exactly to be in contact with the second casing 32, and with a cooling channel 46 adapted to contain the cooling liquid.
Le canal de refroidissement 46 comporte des premiers tronçons de canal 48 ménagés dans la première face de corps 42 et ouverts qui sont adaptés pour être fermés par une paroi de la première cellule électrochimique 4. The cooling channel 46 comprises first channel sections 48 formed in the first face of the body 42 and open which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the first electrochemical cell 4.
Le canal de refroidissement 46 comporte des deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50, ménagés dans la deuxième face de corps 44 et ouverts qui sont adaptés pour être fermés par une paroi de la deuxième cellule électrochimique 6. The cooling channel 46 comprises second channel sections 50, formed in the second body face 44 and open which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the second electrochemical cell 6.
Les premiers tronçons de canal 48 ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50 ouverts sont reliés par des tronçons de canal de liaison 52 fermés. Ces tronçons de canal de liaison 52 enjambent l’interstice entre les deux cellules électrochimiques adjacentes. The first channel sections 48 open and the second channel sections 50 open are connected by connecting channel sections 52 closed. These connecting channel sections 52 span the gap between the two adjacent electrochemical cells.
Le canal de refroidissement 46 définit un sens de circulation S du fluide de refroidissement et comporte, dans le sens de circulation S, alternativement les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts, les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts et des tronçons de canal de liaison 52 fermés. The cooling channel 46 defines a direction of circulation S of the cooling fluid and comprises, in the direction of circulation S, alternately the first open channel sections, the second open channel sections and the connecting channel sections 52 closed.
Le corps de refroidissement 40 comprend une plaque de contact 56 et une plaque de liaison 58. La plaque de contact 56 forme la première face de corps 42, la deuxième face de corps 44, les premiers tronçons de canal 48 ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50 ouverts. The cooling body 40 includes a contact plate 56 and a connecting plate 58. The contact plate 56 forms the first body face 42, the second body face 44, the first channel sections 48 open and the second channel sections 50 open.
Les premiers tronçons de canal 48 et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50 sont formés par des rainures traversantes ménagées dans la plaque de contact 56, c’est-à-dire les rainures traversent l’épaisseur de la plaque de contact 56. The first channel sections 48 and the second channel sections 50 are formed by through grooves formed in the contact plate 56, that is to say the grooves cross the thickness of the contact plate 56.
Ces rainures traversantes sont couvertes d’un côté par la plaque de liaison 58 et de l’autre côté par le boîtier de la cellule électrochimique 4, 6 associée. Lorsque le liquide de refroidissement circule dans les premiers tronçons de canal 48 et deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50 ouverts il est donc en contact avec le boîtier, respectivement de la paroi du boitier de la cellule électrochimique 4, 6 associé. These through grooves are covered on one side by the connecting plate 58 and on the other side by the casing of the associated electrochemical cell 4, 6. When the cooling liquid circulates in the first channel sections 48 and second channel sections 50 open, it is therefore in contact with the housing, respectively the wall of the housing of the associated electrochemical cell 4, 6.
La plaque de contact 56 est en l’occurrence de contour extérieur rectangulaire. La plaque de contact 56 est en l’occurrence d’une seule pièce et d’un seul tenant. The contact plate 56 in this case has a rectangular outer contour. The contact plate 56 is in this case a single piece and a single piece.
La plaque de contact 56 est en un matériau relativement souple, c’est-à-dire adapté pour rendre l nterface entre les faces de corps 42, 44 et les cellules électrochimiques d’un côté et entre la surface de la plaque de contact et la plaque de liaison 58 de l’autre côté étanche au liquide de refroidissement et ceci par compression du corps de refroidissement 40 entre une paire de deux cellules électrochimiques 4, 6 et une paire de deux cellules électrochimiques 4, 6 voisines. The contact plate 56 is made of a relatively flexible material, that is to say adapted to make the interface between the body faces 42, 44 and the electrochemical cells on one side and between the surface of the contact plate and the connecting plate 58 on the other side is impermeable to the cooling liquid and this by compression of the cooling body 40 between a pair of two electrochemical cells 4, 6 and a pair of two neighboring electrochemical cells 4, 6.
Le matériau de la plaque de contact 56 est par ailleurs résistant aux hautes températures (gamme de température) et un environnement chimique agressif. Un tel matériau est par exemple commercialisé sous le nom de commerce « COGEMICA HT 710 ». Le matériau est par exemple en poudre de Mica + silicone. D’autres matériaux peuvent être utilisées à cet effet. The material of the contact plate 56 is also resistant to high temperatures (temperature range) and an aggressive chemical environment. Such a material is for example marketed under the trade name “COGEMICA HT 710”. The material is for example Mica + silicone powder. Other materials can be used for this purpose.
Généralement, le matériau de la plaque de contact 56 est plus souple ou élastique que le matériau du boîtier 22, 32 et de la plaque de liaison 58. Generally, the material of the contact plate 56 is more flexible or elastic than the material of the housing 22, 32 and the connecting plate 58.
Avantageusement, les premiers tronçons de canal 48 et/ou les deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50 ont une forme sensiblement de « U » (voit Figures 4 et 5). En particulier, les tronçons de canal en forme sensiblement de U sont disposés côte-à-côte ou sont imbriquées l’un dans l’autre. En l’occurrence, les premiers tronçons de canal 48 sont disposés côte-à-côte avec l’extrémité ouverte du « U » dirigée vers les deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50. Par contre, les deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50 sont disposés imbriqués l’un dans l’autre avec l’extrémité ouverte du « U » dirigée vers les premiers tronçons de canal 48. Advantageously, the first channel sections 48 and/or the second channel sections 50 have a substantially “U” shape (see Figures 4 and 5). In particular, the substantially U-shaped channel sections are arranged side-by-side or are nested one inside the other. In this case, the first channel sections 48 are arranged side by side with the open end of the "U" directed towards the second channel sections 50. On the other hand, the second channel sections 50 are arranged nested into each other with the open end of the "U" facing the first channel sections 48.
La plaque de liaison 58 comporte une face de liaison 60 qui est en contact étanche avec la plaque de contact 56, du côté opposé aux faces de corps 42, 44. La plaque de liaison 58 forme les tronçons de canal de liaison 52 ainsi que, de préférence une entrée 62 de liquide de refroidissement et une sortie 64 de liquide de refroidissement. L’entrée 62 de liquide de refroidissement est connecté à la rampe alimentation 10 et la sortie de liquide 64 est connectée à la rampe retour 12. The connecting plate 58 has a connecting face 60 which is in sealed contact with the contact plate 56, on the side opposite the body faces 42, 44. The connecting plate 58 forms the connecting channel sections 52 as well as, preferably, an inlet 62 for coolant and an outlet 64 for coolant. The coolant inlet 62 is connected to the supply ramp 10 and the liquid outlet 64 is connected to the return ramp 12.
Les tronçons de canal de liaison 52 sont formés par des rainures fermées ou borgnes ménagées dans la plaque de liaison 58. Les tronçons de canal de liaison 52 sont fermées par la plaque de contact et sont en communication fluidique à leurs extrémités. Lorsque le liquide de refroidissement circule dans le tronçon de canal de liaison 52, il est en contact avec la plaque de liaison 58 et avec la plaque de contact 56, mais non pas avec le boîtier des cellules électrochimiques 4 et 6. The connecting channel sections 52 are formed by closed or blind grooves formed in the connecting plate 58. The connecting channel sections 52 are closed by the contact plate and are in fluid communication at their ends. When the cooling liquid circulates in the connecting channel section 52, it is in contact with the connecting plate 58 and with the contact plate 56, but not with the casing of the electrochemical cells 4 and 6.
La plaque de liaison 58 est en un matériau plus dur que celui de la plaque de contact 56, et est par exemple en Aluminium. The connecting plate 58 is made of a harder material than that of the contact plate 56, and is for example aluminum.
Le dispositif de refroidissement 8 peut comprendre par ailleurs au moins un logement de tampon 66 comprenant un tampon thermique 68, notamment comprenant une matière à changement de phase (MCP). Le logement de tampon 66 est en l’occurrence formé par une partie étagée 70 de la plaque de liaison 58. Avantageusement, et comme représenté sur la Figure 3, la plaque de liaison 58 comporte deux parties étagées 70 qui sont disposées de part et d’autre des tronçons de canal de liaison 52. En l’occurrence le dispositif de refroidissement comporte deux tampons thermiques 68. The cooling device 8 may also comprise at least one buffer housing 66 comprising a thermal buffer 68, in particular comprising a phase change material (PCM). The buffer housing 66 is in this case formed by a stepped part 70 of the connecting plate 58. Advantageously, and as shown in Figure 3, the connecting plate 58 comprises two stepped parts 70 which are arranged on either side. other of the connecting channel sections 52. In this case the cooling device comprises two thermal pads 68.
Les tampons thermiques 68 sont hors contact du liquide de refroidissement et s’appliquent d’un côté sur la plaque de liaison 58 et de l’autre côté sur l’un des boîtiers 22, 32 des cellules électrochimiques. La matière à changement de phase du tampon thermique 68 comprend par exemple en une matière organique, tel qu’un polymère, une cire ou une huile. La température de transition de la matière à changement de phase est par exemple comprise entre 25°C et 35°C. Le matériau peut également être un matériau commercialisé sous le nom « PCsMart » par la société Hutchinson. The thermal pads 68 are out of contact with the coolant and are applied on one side to the connecting plate 58 and on the other side to one of the housings 22, 32 of the electrochemical cells. The phase change material of the thermal buffer 68 comprises for example an organic material, such as a polymer, a wax or an oil. The transition temperature of the phase change material is for example between 25°C and 35°C. The material may also be a material marketed under the name “PCsMart” by the company Hutchinson.
Un exemple d’un mode de réalisation d’un dispositif de refroidissement selon l’objet de la présente description ou invention comporte les paramètres suivants : An example of an embodiment of a cooling device according to the subject of the present description or invention comprises the following parameters:
L’épaisseur de la plaque de liaison 56 est de 1 ,5 mm et peut être comprise entre 1 mm et 2mm. The thickness of the connecting plate 56 is 1.5 mm and can be between 1 mm and 2 mm.
La hauteur des canaux de refroidissement 48 est de 16 mm et peut être comprise entre 5mm et 20mm, de préférence entre 15mm et 20mm . La hauteur combinée de l’ensemble des canaux de refroidissement est par exemple d’au moins 70% de la hauteur de la plaque de liaison. The height of the cooling channels 48 is 16 mm and can be between 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 20 mm. The combined height of all the cooling channels is for example at least 70% of the height of the connecting plate.
Le canal de refroidissement 46 est muni exactement de deux premiers tronçons de canal 48 et de deux deuxièmes tronçons de canal 50. Cet exemple montre un bon compromis entre la perte de charge de fluide et la capacité de refroidissement. The cooling channel 46 is provided with exactly two first channel sections 48 and two second channel sections 50. This example shows a good compromise between fluid pressure drop and cooling capacity.
Le dispositif de refroidissement est utilisé de la manière suivante : on fait circuler du fluide de refroidissement ou fluide caloporteur à travers le circuit de refroidissement en refroidissant la première cellule électrochimique 4 et en chauffant le fluide de refroidissement ou fluide caloporteur. Ensuite, le fluide de refroidissement ou fluide caloporteur chauffe la deuxième cellule électrochimique 6, et le tampon thermique 68 au travers la plaque de liaison 58, au moins partiellement avec l’énergie thermique que le liquide de refroidissement ou fluide caloporteur a reçu de la première cellule électrochimique 4. The cooling device is used in the following manner: cooling fluid or heat transfer fluid is circulated through the cooling circuit by cooling the first electrochemical cell 4 and by heating the cooling fluid or heat transfer fluid. Next, the coolant or heat transfer fluid heats the second electrochemical cell 6, and the thermal buffer 68 through the connection plate 58, at least partially with the thermal energy that the coolant or heat transfer fluid has received from the first electrochemical cell 4.
D’une manière générale, le fluide caloporteur peut échanger des calories avec les cellules 4, 6 avec lequel il est en contact de sorte à les refroidir ou à les réchauffer (selon les besoins). Le fluide caloporteur est par ailleurs régulé en température dans un circuit externe à la batterie et non décrit ici. Avantageusement, un mode de fonctionnement permet de limiter réchauffement excessif d’une cellule en répartissant l’énergie thermique de ladite cellule sur les autres éléments, lesquels serviront de puits thermique. Par exemple, le fluide caloporteur peut refroidir une cellule 4, laquelle serait en phase d’échauffement anormal, en absorbant de la chaleur puis en cédant sa chaleur à la cellule 6, la plaque de liaison 58 et les tampons thermique 68. In general, the heat transfer fluid can exchange calories with the cells 4, 6 with which it is in contact so as to cool or heat them (as needed). The heat transfer fluid is also temperature-regulated in a circuit external to the battery and not described here. Advantageously, an operating mode makes it possible to limit excessive heating of a cell by distributing the thermal energy of said cell over the other elements, which will serve as heat sinks. For example, the heat transfer fluid can cool a cell 4, which would be in an abnormal heating phase, by absorbing heat then transferring its heat to cell 6, the connecting plate 58 and the thermal pads 68.
La description qui précède contient des caractéristiques techniques de l’invention. Ces caractéristiques techniques, bien que présentées dans un contexte technique et éventuellement en combinaison avec d’autres caractéristiques techniques, peuvent être utilisées à chaque fois individuellement, sans les autres caractéristiques techniques, pour autant que ceci soit techniquement possible. The foregoing description contains technical features of the invention. These technical characteristics, although presented in a technical context and possibly in combination with other technical characteristics, can be used each time individually, without the other technical characteristics, as far as this is technically possible.

Claims

9 REVENDICATIONS 9 CLAIMS
1. Dispositif de refroidissement (8) de deux cellules électrochimiques (4, 6) adjacentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de refroidissement comprend un corps de refroidissement (40) muni 1. Cooling device (8) of two adjacent electrochemical cells (4, 6), characterized in that the cooling device comprises a cooling body (40) provided
- d’une première face de corps (42) adaptée pour être en contact d’une première cellule électrochimique et - a first body face (42) adapted to be in contact with a first electrochemical cell and
- d’une deuxième face de corps (44) adaptée pour être en contact d’une deuxième cellule électrochimique, - a second body face (44) adapted to be in contact with a second electrochemical cell,
- d’un canal de refroidissement (46) adapté pour contenir un liquide de refroidissement ; caractérisé en ce que le canal de refroidissement (46) comporte des premiers tronçons de canal (48) ouverts qui sont adaptés pour être fermés par une paroi de la première cellule électrochimique et le canal de refroidissement comporte des deuxièmes tronçons de canal (50) ouverts qui sont adaptés pour être fermés par une paroi de la deuxième cellule électrochimique. - a cooling channel (46) adapted to contain a cooling liquid; characterized in that the cooling channel (46) has first open channel sections (48) which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the first electrochemical cell and the cooling channel has second open channel sections (50) which are adapted to be closed by a wall of the second electrochemical cell.
2. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le canal de refroidissement (46) définit un sens de circulation (S) du fluide de refroidissement et comporte, dans le sens de circulation, alternativement les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts, et dans lequel les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts sont reliés par des tronçons de canal de liaison (52) fermés. 2. Cooling device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling channel (46) defines a direction of circulation (S) of the cooling fluid and comprises, in the direction of circulation, alternately the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections, and wherein the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections are connected by closed connecting channel sections (52).
3. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le corps de refroidissement comprend une plaque de contact (56) et une plaque de liaison (58), dans lequel la plaque de contact forme la première face de corps, la deuxième face de corps, les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts, et dans lequel la plaque de liaison forme les tronçons de canal de liaison ainsi que, de préférence une entrée (62) et une sortie (64) de liquide de refroidissement. 3. A cooling device according to claim 2, wherein the cooling body comprises a contact plate (56) and a connection plate (58), wherein the contact plate forms the first body face, the second face of body, the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections, and wherein the link plate forms the link channel sections and preferably a coolant inlet (62) and outlet (64) .
4. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts et les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts sont formés par des rainures traversantes ménagées dans la plaque de contact (56), ces rainures traversantes étant couvertes par la plaque de liaison (58), et/ou les tronçons de liaison sont formés par des rainures fermées ménagées dans la plaque de liaison. 4. Cooling device according to claim 3, in which the first open channel sections and the second open channel sections are formed by through grooves formed in the contact plate (56), these grooves crossings being covered by the connecting plate (58), and/or the connecting sections are formed by closed grooves formed in the connecting plate.
5. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel les premiers tronçons de canal (48) ouverts et/ou les deuxième tronçons de canal (50) ouverts ont une forme sensiblement de U, et en particulier que ces tronçons de canal ouverts en forme sensiblement de U sont disposés côte-à-côte ou sont imbriqués l’un dans l’autre. 5. Cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first channel sections (48) open and / or the second channel sections (50) open have a substantially U-shaped, and in particular that these open channel sections in the shape of a substantially U are arranged side by side or are nested one inside the other.
6. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de refroidissement comprend un logement de tampon (66) comprenant un tampon thermique (68) en matière à changement de phase, notamment le logement de tampon étant formé par une partie étagée (70) de la plaque de liaison. 6. Cooling device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the cooling device comprises a buffer housing (66) comprising a thermal buffer (68) of phase change material, in particular the buffer housing being formed by a stepped portion (70) of the link plate.
7. Ensemble électrochimique (20), du type comprenant 7. Electrochemical assembly (20), of the type comprising
- une première cellule électrochimique (4) ayant un premier boîtier (22) muni d’une première paroi (24), - a first electrochemical cell (4) having a first casing (22) provided with a first wall (24),
- une deuxième cellule électrochimique (6) ayant un deuxième boîtier (24) muni d’une deuxième paroi (34), caractérisé en ce que l’ensemble électrochimique comprend un dispositif de refroidissement (8) selon l’une des revendications précédentes, en ce que la première paroi (24) couvre les premiers tronçons de canal ouverts, en ce que la deuxième paroi (34) couvre les deuxièmes tronçons de canal ouverts, et en ce que les tronçons de canal couverts par les première et seconde parois et les tronçons de canal de liaison forment un circuit de refroidissement (36). - a second electrochemical cell (6) having a second casing (24) provided with a second wall (34), characterized in that the electrochemical assembly comprises a cooling device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, in that the first wall (24) covers the first open channel sections, in that the second wall (34) covers the second open channel sections, and in that the channel sections covered by the first and second walls and the connecting channel sections form a cooling circuit (36).
8. Ensemble électrochimique selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la première paroi (24) et la deuxième paroi (34) sont les grandes faces respectivement du premier boîtier (22) et deuxième boîtier (24). 8. Electrochemical assembly according to claim 7, in which the first wall (24) and the second wall (34) are the large faces respectively of the first casing (22) and second casing (24).
9. Ensemble électrochimique selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel le circuit de refroidissement (36) contient un fluide de refroidissement qui est un fluide diélectrique, notamment un liquide diélectrique. 9. Electrochemical assembly according to claim 7 or 8, in which the cooling circuit (36) contains a cooling fluid which is a dielectric fluid, in particular a dielectric liquid.
10. Procédé de refroidissement d’un ensemble électrochimique, caractérisé en ce que l’ensemble électrochimique est un ensemble électrochimique (20) selon les revendications 7 à 9, et en ce que le procédé comprend faire circuler du liquide de refroidissement à travers le circuit de refroidissement (36), en refroidissant la première cellule électrochimique (4) et en chauffant le liquide de refroidissement, et 11 en chauffant la deuxième cellule électrochimique (6) au moins partiellement avec l’énergie thermique du liquide de refroidissement reçu de la première cellule électrochimique. 10. A method of cooling an electrochemical assembly, characterized in that the electrochemical assembly is an electrochemical assembly (20) according to claims 7 to 9, and in that the method comprises circulating cooling liquid through the circuit cooling (36), cooling the first electrochemical cell (4) and heating the coolant, and 11 by heating the second electrochemical cell (6) at least partially with the thermal energy of the cooling liquid received from the first electrochemical cell.
EP21761993.1A 2020-08-06 2021-08-05 Device for cooling two electrochemical cells, corresponding electrochemical assembly and method Pending EP4193417A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR2008321A FR3113336B1 (en) 2020-08-06 2020-08-06 Device for cooling two electrochemical cells, electrochemical assembly and corresponding method
PCT/EP2021/071860 WO2022029222A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-05 Device for cooling two electrochemical cells, corresponding electrochemical assembly and method

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US9780421B2 (en) * 2010-02-02 2017-10-03 Dana Canada Corporation Conformal heat exchanger for battery cell stack
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KR20230047436A (en) 2023-04-07

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