EP4193376B1 - Stromunterbrechungsvorrichtung für elektrischen hochspannungsstrom, anlage mit einer solchen vorrichtung, steuerverfahren und verfahren zur bewertung der integrität eines elektrischen leiters - Google Patents

Stromunterbrechungsvorrichtung für elektrischen hochspannungsstrom, anlage mit einer solchen vorrichtung, steuerverfahren und verfahren zur bewertung der integrität eines elektrischen leiters

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Publication number
EP4193376B1
EP4193376B1 EP21752085.7A EP21752085A EP4193376B1 EP 4193376 B1 EP4193376 B1 EP 4193376B1 EP 21752085 A EP21752085 A EP 21752085A EP 4193376 B1 EP4193376 B1 EP 4193376B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
breaking
charge
point
circuit
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21752085.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4193376C0 (de
EP4193376A2 (de
Inventor
Pascal TORWELLE
Alberto BERTINATO
bertrand Raison
Yang Yang
Wolfgang Grieshaber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble
Universite Grenoble Alpes
SuperGrid Institute SAS
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble
Universite Grenoble Alpes
SuperGrid Institute SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite Grenoble Alpes, SuperGrid Institute SAS filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP4193376A2 publication Critical patent/EP4193376A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4193376C0 publication Critical patent/EP4193376C0/de
Publication of EP4193376B1 publication Critical patent/EP4193376B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle for interrupting DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical current interruption devices and their control methods. Such devices are intended to be implemented in HVDC network units in the event of an electrical fault occurring in an electrical conductor of that network unit.
  • HVDC high-voltage direct current
  • High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grid units are being considered as a solution for interconnecting disparate or asynchronous power generation sites, particularly to increase energy transmission capacity between countries (interconnections between countries) via what are known as energy highways.
  • HVDC grid units are also being considered for the transmission and distribution of energy generated by wind farms rather than AC technologies, due to lower line losses and the absence of parasitic capacitance impacts within the grid unit over long distances.
  • Such HVDC grid units typically operate at voltage levels of 100 kV and above.
  • a high-voltage device for a device carrying a high-voltage direct current, a high-voltage device is considered either a "high-voltage A” device, in which the rated operating voltage is direct current and greater than 1500 V but less than or equal to 75,000 V (75 kV), or a "high-voltage B” device when the rated operating voltage is direct current and greater than 75,000 V (75 kV).
  • the high-voltage direct current domain includes both the "high-voltage A" and "high-voltage B" domains.
  • an electrical disconnect device capable of interrupting the flow of electrical current in the conductor, whether the current is the nominal current, which is the maximum current the conductor is likely to carry under steady-state conditions, or a fault current, which can exceed this nominal current.
  • the electrical network is designed to implement a fault-clearing strategy aimed at interrupting the current in the faulty electrical conductor.
  • Interrupting high-voltage direct current (HVDC) is more complex than interrupting alternating current (AC). Indeed, when interrupting an alternating current, a zero-crossing of the current is taken advantage of, which is not possible with direct current, particularly HVDC.
  • the electrical network is designed to implement a fault-clearing strategy aimed at interrupting the current in the faulty electrical conductor.
  • HVDC network units will use buried or submarine cables as electrical conductors, as obtaining rights of way for overhead conductors is difficult.
  • overhead conductors from existing overhead lines, designed for alternating current could be upgraded and subsequently used in HVDC network units as electrical conductors, which would be an attractive solution due to both its simplicity and cost-effectiveness.
  • Each of these two types of electrical conductors can, in service, experience electrical faults.
  • the disconnecting device closes again, an initial inrush current is observed due to the potential difference between the HVDC network unit and the conductor that was previously isolated and discharged through the fault.
  • the presence of the insertion resistor in series with the conductor limits the inrush current and thus limits the disturbances in the HVDC network unit.
  • the insertion resistor limits the overvoltage in the conductor when the incoming voltage wave is reflected at twice its nominal value, assuming an open circuit at the other end of the conductor.
  • the insertion resistor can also limit the fault current and therefore the voltage across the disconnecting device.
  • the document WO2018162421 This describes a method for closing a circuit breaker (10) having a main branch (M), which includes a main module comprising a sub-branch including a mechanical disconnect switch (UFS) connected to two circuit breaker cells made of a duty-cycle power semiconductor element.
  • the main branch (M) is connected to a pre-insertion module.
  • the circuit breaker (10) and the pre-insertion module form an assembly having a first (111) and a second (112) terminal, respectively connected to a source (S) and the power transmission link (C).
  • a parallel arm (Arm) comprising two thyristors in opposite directions and a capacitor in parallel with both a resistor and a switch.
  • an energy absorption branch (Ex) which is implemented here in the form of a surge arrester (SA3).
  • the fault current is redirected from the main branch to the parallel arm by making the thyristor in the parallel arm conductive and then opening the mechanical switch-disconnector (UFS). This is possible because the capacitor was initially discharged. Once charged to the switch-disconnector's protection voltage level, it In the mechanical (UFS) switch, magnetic energy is absorbed, forcing the fault current to zero. Before the re-closing sequence begins, the capacitor must be discharged through the parallel resistor. The re-closing sequence starts with the thyristor in the parallel arm closing, resulting in a current that charges both the capacitor and the transmission line.
  • UFS mechanical switch-disconnector
  • This document describes a solution implementing a hybrid disconnect device.
  • the proposed device includes an auxiliary circuit for this hybrid disconnection.
  • the main circuit consists of several sub-modules in series. Each sub-module comprises an IGBT module in parallel with a damping circuit, which essentially consists of a small capacitor and a small resistor in parallel with a diode.
  • the idea is to interconnect the sub-modules so that the capacitor is used to send tripping signals (10 to 20% of the nominal voltage) into the line.
  • fault persistence is identified using a wavelet transform algorithm that analyzes the reflected traveling waves created either by the fault or by the open circuit at the far end of the line.
  • the auxiliary circuit includes at least one thyristor between each sub-module, a grounding resistor Rg, and a fast grounding switch (FMS).
  • FMS fast grounding switch
  • the document WO-2014/166528 This document describes a device comprising a capacitor 104 located in a branch between ground and an intermediate point on the main line. This intermediate point is arranged between a disconnect switch 102 and an isolation switch 126.
  • the sole purpose of this capacitor 104 is to store energy in order to create a current oscillation through the disconnect switch 102 to interrupt an electric arc when it opens.
  • the branch containing this capacitor 104 is intended to be part of an oscillation loop 103 when the switch 106 is closed. This oscillation loop generates the current oscillation capable of extinguishing the arc in the disconnect switch 102. This document focuses primarily on the opening of the disconnect switch 102.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide a device and a method which make it possible to secure the re-closing sequence of a switching device which has been previously opened to isolate a conductor of an electrical line arranged downstream of this switching device, in particular in the case of an overhead conductor of an overhead electrical power transmission line.
  • the switching device includes a pre-charge circuit extending from the first primary point to earth (52) and comprising at least one pre-charge capacitor, at least one pre-charge resistor and a pre-charge switch.
  • the pre-charge switch is open to isolate the first primary point from ground, and the upstream point is electrically connected to the downstream point by the main circuit comprising the cutoff switch and the isolation switch both in their closed state.
  • the invention also proposes such a device with the following optional characteristics, taken individually or in combination.
  • the first breaking module may include a breaking assistance circuit which extends electrically in parallel with the breaking switch and the main circuit between the first primary point and the first secondary point of the main circuit, and, in a breaking configuration, the breaking device may then be configured such that at least one pre-charge capacitor of the pre-charge circuit is part of the breaking assistance circuit of the first breaking module.
  • the switching device may include, downstream of the first switching module in the main circuit of the switching device, at least one last switching module comprising at least one switching switch interposed in the main circuit between a last primary point, downstream of the first secondary point, and a last secondary point of the main circuit, and the switching switch of the last switching module being capable of being controlled between an open state and a closed state to determine respectively an open state and a closed state of the last switching module.
  • the last disconnect module may include a disconnection assistance circuit that extends electrically in parallel with the disconnect switch of the last disconnect module and the main circuit, between the last primary point and the last secondary point of the main circuit, and, in a disconnection configuration, the disconnection device may be configured such that at least A pre-charge capacitor in the pre-charge circuit is part of the cut-off assistance circuit of the last cut-off module.
  • the pre-charge circuit may include at least one first pre-charge capacitor and at least one second pre-charge capacitor, and, in a cutoff configuration, the cutoff device may be configured such that the first pre-charge capacitor is part of the cutoff assist circuit of the first cutoff module while the second pre-charge capacitor is part of the cutoff assist circuit of the last cutoff module.
  • the switching device may include, in the main circuit of the switching device, between the first switching module and the last switching module, at least one additional switching module comprising at least one switching switch interposed in the main circuit between an additional primary point, downstream of the first secondary point, and an additional secondary point of the main circuit, upstream of the last primary point, and the switching switch of the additional switching module being capable of being controlled between an open state and a closed state to determine respectively an open state and a closed state of the additional switching module.
  • An additional breaking module may include a breaking assistance circuit which extends electrically in parallel with the breaking switch of the additional breaking module in question and the main circuit between the additional primary and secondary points of the main circuit which correspond to the additional breaking module in question, and, in a breaking configuration, the breaking device may be configured such that at least one pre-charge capacitor of the pre-charge circuit is part of the breaking assistance circuit of the additional breaking module.
  • the switching device may comprise a single switching module whose switching assistance circuit includes, successively and in this order from the first primary point, at least one pre-charge capacitor and an activation switch, with a tapping point between the two in the switching assistance circuit.
  • the pre-charge circuit may include a first section, which is common with the switching assistance circuit, extending between the first primary point and the tapping point and which includes at least one pre-charge capacitor, and the pre-charge circuit includes a second section, separate from the cut-off assistance circuit, which extends between the tapping point and ground and in which the pre-charge switch is interposed.
  • the switching device may include at least one upstream switching module and one downstream switching module whose switching assistance circuits are, in the switching configuration of the switching device, electrically arranged in series;
  • the switching assistance circuit of the downstream switching module may include, successively and in that order from the downstream primary point, at least one pre-charge capacitor and an activation switch, with a tapping point between the two in the switching assistance circuit
  • the pre-charge circuit may include a first section extending from the upstream primary point to the tapping point, which is common with the series switching assistance circuits, and which includes at least one pre-charge capacitor from each of the series switching assistance circuits
  • the pre-charge circuit may include a second section, separate from the switching assistance circuits, extending from the tapping point to earth and in which the pre-charge switch is interposed.
  • the current interruption device may include a bypass circuit which extends, in electrical parallel with the main circuit, between the first primary point and a bypass point arranged between the last secondary point and the downstream point, and in which is interposed a bypass switch which is in a closed state in the pre-charge configuration and in an open state in the load, isolation and interruption configurations.
  • the cutoff device may include a configuration switch which is arranged in the main circuit between the last secondary point and the bypass point, and which is in an open state in the pre-charge and charge configurations, and in a closed state in the conduction and cutoff configurations.
  • the disconnection device may include at least one shunt switch which, in the loading configuration and in the pre-charging configuration, is in a closed state to connect in series, in the pre-charge circuit, the pre-charge capacitors belonging to the different cut-off modules.
  • the breaking switch of a breaking module may include a primary, mechanical switch and a secondary, mechanical switch, interposed successively in the main circuit between the primary point and the secondary point corresponding to the breaking module in question, but on either side of an intermediate point of the main circuit corresponding to the breaking module in question, the two mechanical switches each being controlled between an open state and a closed state, and this breaking module may include a primary surge arrester arranged in parallel with the primary switch between the primary point and the intermediate point corresponding to the breaking module in question, and a secondary surge arrester arranged electrically in parallel with the secondary switch between the intermediate point and the secondary point corresponding to the breaking module in question, and the breaking assistance circuit of this breaking module in question may extend electrically in parallel with the assembly formed by the primary switch and the secondary switch of this breaking module in question, and electrically in parallel with the assembly formed by the primary surge arrester and the secondary surge arrester of this breaking module in question.
  • the downstream power line may include an overhead line, the conductor of the downstream power line being an overhead conductor.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical installation according to claim 13.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling the closing of such a current interruption device, the interruption device being initially in the isolation configuration, characterized in that the control method comprises at least one conductor pre-charge step during which the interruption device is brought into its pre-charge configuration to energize a conductor of a downstream power line downstream of the downstream point (38), and in that the closing control method comprises, during or after the conductor pre-charge step, at least one parameter determination step) including the determination of at least one current or voltage parameter in the main circuit or in the downstream power line, and a decision step, during which it is decided, based on the at least one parameter determined during the parameter determination step, whether or not to proceed with the complete closure of the current interruption device by switching the current interruption device to the conduction configuration.
  • the invention also proposes such a control method with the following optional characteristics, taken individually or in combination.
  • the pre-charge switch is opened before the closing of the cut-off switch and the isolation switch.
  • the decision step is not positive, it can be predicted that the process continues, without going through the conduction configuration of the switching device, by a pre-charge capacitor charging step during which the switching device is brought into the charging configuration, then successively by a new conductor pre-charge step, a new parameter determination step, and a new decision step, according to a pre-charge cycle.
  • the number of pre-charge cycles for a given attempt to re-close the cut-off device can be limited.
  • the invention further proposes an evaluation process according to claim 19.
  • Fig. 1 represents an example of an electrical current transmission and distribution installation 10 comprising a high voltage direct current electrical current network unit, hereinafter referred to as the HVDC network unit 12.
  • the HVDC network unit 12 operates under a single nominal service voltage which is a high voltage direct current, for example with a nominal continuous service voltage greater than 75,000 V (75kV).
  • an electrical conductor can be in the form of a single electrical conductor extending between two distinct points of a given network unit, or in the form of a set of electrical conductors extending in parallel electrically between two distinct points of a given network unit, all the conductors in the set being, at every instant, at the same electrical potential for the same position between the two distinct points along each of these conductors (this in order to take into account a possible voltage drop along each given conductor due to the resistivity of the conductor).
  • the transmission of electrical power between two given points in the network is achieved via a power transmission line which, in many cases, has two electrical poles, each pole comprising an electrical conductor extending between the two given points in the network.
  • the power transmission line therefore has two electrical conductors of different polarities, with, for example, one electrical conductor at a positive potential and one electrical conductor at a negative or neutral potential.
  • the transmission of electrical power between two given points in the network can also be achieved via a three-pole power transmission line comprising three electrical conductors, with, under the load, one electrical conductor at a positive potential, one electrical conductor at a negative potential, and one electrical conductor at a neutral potential.
  • the transmission of electrical power between two given points in the network can be achieved via a single-pole power transmission line, with an electrical conductor at the line potential and with a return path to earth.
  • a single line represents a power transmission line between two distinct points on a network unit, particularly in the HVDC 12 network unit, to clearly illustrate the network topology without delving into technical details.
  • a power bus is represented at a given point on the network unit
  • the HVDC 12 network unit has 4 terminals, namely a first terminal 14.1, a second terminal 14.2, a third terminal 14.3 and a fourth terminal 14.4.
  • the HVDC 12 network unit includes, for electrically connecting these 4 terminals, electrical conductors 21, 22, 23, 24, electrical buses 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, switching devices, etc...all of which operate under the nominal operating voltage of the HVDC 12 network unit.
  • FIG. 2 represents another example of an electrical current transmission and distribution installation 10 comprising an HVDC network unit 12.
  • the HVDC network unit 12 has 2 terminals, namely a first terminal 14.1 and a second pair of terminals 14.2.
  • the HVDC network unit 12 includes, for electrically connecting these 2 terminals, a single electrical line comprising an electrical conductor 21 which extends electrically between two electrical power converters 18.1, 18.2, with interposition, at each end of the electrical conductor 21, of switching devices 28.1, 28.2 which operate under the nominal operating voltage of the HVDC network unit 12.
  • each of these other network units 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 is an AC-voltage network unit, so that each of the 4 terminals 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 and 14.4 is actually connected to the DC side of an AC-DC power converter 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4.
  • one or more of these other network units 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, could be of a different nature, and could, for example, be another HVDC network unit.
  • Each of these other network units 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 can be an electricity generation network unit (e.g. a wind farm), and/or an electricity transmission and distribution network unit.
  • the HVDC network unit 12 includes several link nodes, in this case 3 link nodes, here implemented in the form of electrical buses 26.1, 26.3 and 26.4, each of which has at least three separate links which are electrically connected to each other continuously, i.e. without the possibility of electrical interruption between the links.
  • the connecting node 26.1 illustrated in the Fig. 1 is implemented in the form of an electrical bus and comprises a first link 26.11 which is electrically connected to a proximal end of a first electrical conductor 21 of a first power transmission line of the electrical network unit under consideration, with an interposed first electrical interruption device 28.11, associated with the first link 26.11, which has an open state and a closed state.
  • the first electrical interruption device 28.11 In its closed state, the first electrical interruption device 28.11 allows the flow of a first power stream between the considered link node and the first conductor 21, in the first link 26.11.
  • This first power stream corresponds, under normal operating conditions and in the absence of a fault, to that flowing in the first conductor 21.
  • the first electrical interruption device 28.11 interrupts the flow of all electrical power between the considered link node and the first conductor 21, in the first link 26.11.
  • an electrical switching device can include one or more current-interrupting devices, such as switches, arranged in parallel and/or in series between an input point and an output point.
  • an electrical switching device prevents current from flowing through it.
  • an electrical switching device allows current to flow through it.
  • An electrical switching device can include one or more circuit breaker-type devices, optimized to interrupt an established current, and/or one or more disconnector-type devices, optimized to maintain electrical isolation between its two terminals when in the open state.
  • Such devices can be mechanical, electronic, or hybrid.
  • the first device of electrical break 28.11 is preferably of the mechanical type, in which the electrical break corresponds to a mechanical separation of two electrodes.
  • the first electrical conductor 21 is connected, at its distal end, to the fourth terminal 14.4 of the HVDC network unit 12, here via a fourth electrical bus 26.4 of the HVDC network unit 12.
  • an electrical disconnect device 28.41 is interposed between the distal end of the first electrical conductor 21 and a connection 26.41 of the fourth electrical bus 26.4.
  • the electrical disconnect device 28.41 is a mechanical type electrical disconnect device.
  • the first electrical conductor 21 can be completely isolated at each of its two ends by means of a mechanical type electrical disconnect device that ensures the interruption of the power flow between the first electrical conductor 21 and the rest of the infrastructure.
  • the fourth terminal 14.4 is electrically connected to a fourth other electrical network unit 16.4.
  • a protective inductance which can be implemented in the form of a dedicated inductive component, such as a coil.
  • Such protective inductances act as inductive current limiters and may be required, in particular, if the first conductor 21 itself has a low equivalent inductance.
  • Other parameters can be taken into account to determine the need for such a protective inductance, such as the type and/or number of adjacent conductors connected to other connections of the node under consideration, and/or the number and/or power rating of the electrical power converter(s) connected to other connections of the node under consideration.
  • the connecting node 26.1 illustrated in the Fig. 1 includes a second link 26.12 which, in this example, is electrically connected to a second electrical conductor 22, belonging to a second power transmission line of the HVDC network unit 12, via a second electrical disconnect device 28.12.
  • this second Electrical conductor 22 is connected, by its distal end, to the third terminal 14.3 of the HVDC network unit 12, here via a third electrical bus 26.3 of the HVDC network unit 12.
  • an electrical disconnect device 28.31 is interposed between the distal end of the second electrical conductor 22 and a link of the third electrical bus 26.3.
  • the linking node 26.1 illustrated the Fig. 1 also includes a third connection 26.13.
  • the third connection 26.13 is electrically connected to another electrical network unit.
  • the passage of a third electrical power flow is permitted through the third connection 26.13.
  • This third power flow is controlled by at least one third electrical switching device 28.13, associated with the third connection, which has an open state and a closed state.
  • a current interruption device 29.1 which will be referred to as an external interruption device with respect to the HVDC network unit 12 under consideration, is electrically arranged between the power converter 18.1 and the first other electrical network unit 16.1 , and this same other electrical network unit 16.1 itself.
  • the external interruption device 29.1 is an AC interruption device.
  • the connecting node 26.1 illustrated in the Fig. 1 includes a fourth link 26.4 which is electrically connected to a third electrical conductor 23 of a third power transmission line of the HVDC network unit 12, with interposition of a fourth electrical disconnect device 28.14.
  • this third electrical conductor 23 is connected, by its distal end, to the second terminal 14.2 of the HVDC network unit 12, with interposition of an electrical disconnect device 28.22.
  • the second terminal 14.2 is connected, within the HVDC network unit 12, only to the first terminal 14.1 of the HVDC network unit 12, here by the third electrical conductor 23.
  • the HVDC network unit 12 includes another electrical conductor 24 which is connected, at one end, to the third terminal 14.3 of the HVDC network unit 12, here via an electrical disconnect device 28.32.
  • This other electrical conductor 24 is connected, by its second end, to the fourth terminal 14.4 of the HVDC network unit 12, here via an electrical disconnect device 28.42.
  • the HVDC 12 network unit of the Fig. 1 is a network unit that is meshed, in the sense that it has at least two points, here two terminals, which are electrically connected by two electrical paths that are at least partially distinct.
  • electrical power can be transmitted between two terminals, here the first terminal 14.1 and the fourth terminal 14.4, via two electrical paths that are at least partially separate.
  • the HVDC network unit can take on other configurations, for example, a star network unit, or even, as in the example of the Fig. 2 , take the form of a point-to-point network unit.
  • a disconnecting device 28 is intended to be implemented in an electrical installation comprising a high-voltage direct current source 17 electrically connected to at least one conductor 21 of a downstream power line, which may include an overhead line.
  • the high-voltage DC source 17 includes, for example, as seen above in relation to the Fig. 1 , an electrical power converter 18 which is also supplied by another network unit 16, for example an AC network unit.
  • the switching device 28 is intended to be interposed between the high-voltage DC source 17 and the conductor 21 of the downstream power line.
  • the 28 cut-off device of the Fig. 3 may correspond for example to one or the other of the switching devices 28.1, 28.2 which are respectively linked to the electrical conductor of the power transmission line.
  • the switching device 28 designed to interrupt a high-voltage direct current, comprises a main circuit 34, in which, in a conduction configuration C_COND of the switching device, a nominal current flows, for example, greater than 500 Amperes, or even greater than 1000 Amperes, under a nominal continuous operating voltage, for example, greater than 75,000 volts.
  • the main circuit 34 of the switching device 28 extends between an upstream point 36 of the main circuit, which is intended to be electrically connected to the high-voltage direct current source 17, and a downstream point 38 of the main circuit, which is intended to be electrically connected to the conductor 21 of a downstream power line.
  • the switching device 28 comprises at least one first switching module 40.1 comprising at least one switching switch 42.1 which is interposed in the main circuit 34 between a first primary point 44.1 and a first secondary point 46.1 of the main circuit 34.
  • the first switching module is represented here in a simplified manner by a simple switch.
  • a switching switch may have primary contacts and secondary contacts electrically connected in parallel.
  • a switching switch may include arc-extinguishing means. This will be illustrated in figures 9A and following that, within a switching module, a switching switch can be associated with a switching assistance circuit.
  • the following description of the embodiment of the Fig. 3 encompasses all these possibilities, which will not be detailed since the operating principle described is not affected by the possible presence of such additional equipment in the cut-off module.
  • the first primary point 44.1 and the first secondary point 46.1 are located in that order in the main circuit 34 between the upstream point 36 and the downstream point 38.
  • the switching device is represented with a single switching module 40.1, but it will be seen later that the switching device 28 may comprise several switching modules interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the upstream point 36 and the downstream point 38.
  • the switching switch 42.1 can be controlled between an open and a closed state to determine, respectively, an open and a closed state of the first switching module.
  • the switching switch 42.1 acts as a circuit breaker.
  • the switching switch 42.1 of a switching module may be formed of several switches arranged in series and/or in parallel to perform the current interruption function.
  • the switching device 28 also includes an isolation switch 48 which is interposed in the main circuit 34 of the switching device 28 between the upstream point 36 and the first primary point 44.1.
  • the isolation switch 48 can be controlled between an open and a closed state.
  • the isolation switch 48 acts as a disconnector.
  • the switching device 28 includes a pre-charge circuit 50 extending from the first primary point 44.1 to ground 52 , comprising at least one pre - charge capacitor 54, at least one pre-charge resistor 56 , and a pre-charge switch 58. It will be seen that different arrangements are possible for the pre-charge capacitor 54, the pre-charge resistor 56 and pre-charge switch 58 in pre-charge circuit 50. In the example of the Fig. 3 In the pre-charge circuit 50, proceeding from the first primary point 44.1 to ground 52, we find successively the pre-charge switch 58, then the pre-charge resistor 56, and finally the pre-charge capacitor 54.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 can also be configured successively, proceeding from the first primary point 44.1 to ground 52, first the pre-charge capacitor 54, then the pre-charge resistor 56, and finally the pre-charge switch 58.
  • the pre-charge resistor 56 could be placed between the pre-charge capacitor 54 and ground 52. Still other variations are possible, for example, by reversing the positions of the pre-charge capacitor 54 and the pre-charge resistor 56.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54 may, for example, consist of a single physical component, or be made up of several distinct physical components which are then arranged in series and in parallel in the form of a capacitive system electrically equivalent to the capacitor 54 illustrated.
  • the switching device 28 has different configurations, which allow the switching device 28 to perform different functions with respect to the HVDC network unit 12.
  • the figures 4A-4B ; 5A-5B ; 6A-6D ; 7A-7D we have illustrated different switching sequences of the different switches, thus implementing different configurations of the cutting device 28.
  • the switching device 28 has a C_ISOL isolation configuration in which the first primary point 44.1 is isolated from the upstream point 36, with the isolation switch 48 in its open state, and is isolated from the downstream point 38, with the switching switch 42.1 in its open state.
  • This configuration which is the one illustrated in the Fig. 3
  • the downstream point 38 is therefore electrically isolated from the upstream point 36.
  • the electrical conductor 21 of the power transmission line, which is connected to the downstream point 38 is electrically isolated from the voltage source 17 , which is connected to the upstream point 36.
  • a switching module includes a switch formed by several successive breaking switches in the main circuit 34 (see the examples described later with reference to Fig. 9A, 9B , 13 And 14A ), all the module's break switches are preferably in their open state when the break device is in its C_ISOL isolation configuration.
  • the pre-charge switch 58 when the switching device 28 is in its C_ISOL isolation configuration, the pre-charge switch 58 is in its open state.
  • the pre-charge switch 58 could be in its closed state, without this calling into question the fact that the first primary point 44.1 is electrically isolated from the upstream point 36 and the downstream point 38, nor consequently the fact that the electrical conductor 21 of the power transmission line, which is connected to the downstream point 38, is electrically isolated from the voltage source which is connected to the upstream point 36.
  • the switching device 28 In a C_COND conduction configuration, the switching device 28 allows the nominal electric current to flow through the switching device 28, from the upstream point 36 to the downstream point 38, therefore from the voltage source 17, 18 to the electrical conductor 21 of the power transmission line.
  • the principle of this C_COND conduction configuration is, for the switching device of the Fig. 3 illustrated in the Fig. 7C
  • the isolation switch 48 and the disconnect switch 42.1 are both in their closed state.
  • all disconnect modules 40.1, 40.2, ..., 40.n are in their closed state.
  • a disconnect module comprises a switch formed by several successive disconnect switches in the main circuit 34
  • all the disconnect switches of the module are in their closed state when the disconnect device 28 is in its conduction configuration C_COND.
  • the pre-charge switch 58 is open to isolate the first primary point from ground.
  • the switching device 28 can also be configured in a C_CH loading configuration which aims to electrically charge the pre-charge capacitance 54 of the pre-charge circuit 50.
  • the principle of this configuration The C_CH loading is, for the cutting device of the Fig. 3 illustrated in the Figure 6C
  • the pre-charge switch 58 is in the closed state, so the pre-charge capacitor 54, the pre - charge resistor 56 , and the pre-charge switch 58 are all electrically connected in series in the pre-charge circuit 50 between the first primary point 44.1 and ground 52.
  • the first primary point 44.1 is electrically isolated from the downstream point 38 of the switching device 28 but electrically connected to the upstream point 36 to allow the pre-charge capacitor to charge.
  • the isolation switch 48 is in its closed state and the switching switch 42.1 is in its open state.
  • the switching switch 42.1 is in its open state.
  • a switching module comprises 40.1, 40.2, ..., 40.n , a switch formed by several successive switching switches in the main circuit 34, at least one switching switch, or even all of the switching switches of the module, are in their open state when the switching device 28 is in its C_CH load configuration. Likewise, if there is another switch between the first primary point 44.1 and the voltage source 17, these will be in their closed state.
  • the disconnect device 28 can also be configured in a C_PCH pre-charge configuration to allow discharge of the pre-charge capacitor into the conductor 21 of the downstream power line.
  • the pre-charge switch 58 In the C_PCH pre-charge configuration of the disconnect device 28, the pre-charge switch 58 is in its closed state so that the pre-charge capacitor 54, the pre-charge resistor 56 , and the pre-charge switch 58 are all electrically in series in the pre-charge circuit 50 between the first primary point 44.1 and ground 52, while the first point The primary circuit 44.1 is electrically isolated from the upstream point 36 of the switching device 28 but electrically connected to the downstream point 38. For this reason, the isolation switch 48 is in its open state and the switching switch 42.1 is in its closed state.
  • all switching modules 40.1, 40.2, ..., 40.n are in their closed state.
  • a switching module comprises a switch formed by several successive switching switches in the main circuit 34, all switching switches in the module are in their closed state when the switching device 28 is in its pre-charge configuration C_PCH.
  • the pre-charge configuration C_PCH is, for the switching device of the Fig. 3 , represented at the Fig. 5B .
  • the upstream disconnecting device is the one of these two disconnecting devices located at the upstream end of the electrical conductor 21, that is, between the conductor 21 that experienced the electrical fault and the voltage source 17. Consequently, the downstream disconnecting device is the one of these two disconnecting devices located at the downstream end of the electrical conductor 21.
  • the upstream disconnect device is, for the first electrical conductor 21, disconnect device 28.11, and the downstream disconnect device is then, for this first electrical conductor 21, disconnect device 28.41.
  • the notion of upstream and downstream therefore depends on which end of this conductor is connected to what can be considered a high-voltage DC source.
  • the upstream end In some installations, for a given electrical conductor of a power transmission line, it will always be the same end of the conductor that can be considered the upstream end.
  • One end of the electrical conductor 21 can be connected , for example, to a wind farm, while the other end can be connected, for example, to a distribution network and/or an electricity consumer. In this case, the end connected to the wind farm will be the upstream end.
  • which end of the electrical conductor is the upstream end may depend on the instantaneous state of the installation. For example, in an installation of the type illustrated in the Fig. 1 , which of the two ends of the first electrical conductor 21 is the upstream end may depend on the state for example of the other network units 16.1, 16.4 which are respectively connected to each of the two ends of this first electrical conductor 21.
  • the upstream end of the electrical conductor 21 of the power transmission line is illustrated as being connected to what, at least at the moment of the line's re-closure, is considered a high - voltage DC voltage source 17.
  • the switching device 28 illustrated in the Fig. 3 is therefore considered, with respect to the process which will be described below, as an upstream shut-off device.
  • Such a switching device can be used to implement a process for evaluating the integrity of an electrical conductor 21 in an electrical power transmission line in an electrical installation 10 comprising a main source of high DC voltage 17 electrically connected to the electrical conductor 21 with an upstream current switching device 28 interposed between the main voltage source 17 and the electrical conductor 21.
  • the upstream disconnecting device 28 In an initial state, when the electrical conductor 21 is electrically isolated from the installation, the upstream disconnecting device 28 is in a C_ISOL isolation configuration. Furthermore, the electrical conductor 21 is, at a distal end, connected to a downstream electrical disconnecting device which, in the initial state, is in a C_ISOL isolation configuration such that, in the initial state, the electrical conductor is, except for any possible electrical fault affecting the electrical conductor 21, electrically isolated from the installation 10 and the environment.
  • the envisaged evaluation process includes at least one pre-charge step of the electrical conductor 21 during which an auxiliary voltage source, separate from the main voltage source 17, is connected to the electrical conductor of the electrical power transmission line, to energize the electrical conductor 21 while keeping the electrical conductor insulated from the main voltage source 17 and from the rest of the electrical installation 10.
  • the auxiliary voltage source is formed by at least one pre-charge capacitor 54 of the pre-charge circuit 50 , such that the pre-charge step of the electrical conductor 21 is carried out by bringing the upstream switching device into its pre-charge configuration C_PCH. Naturally, care is then taken to maintain the downstream switching device in its isolation configuration C_ISOL.
  • the auxiliary source could comprise another electrical network, or a generator set, possibly with a power converter, but in all cases separate from the main voltage source 17 that delivers the nominal operating voltage to the HVDC network unit 12.
  • the envisaged evaluation process includes, during or after the conductor pre-charge step, at least one parameter determination step comprising the determination of at least one current or voltage parameter in the downstream power line, and an evaluation step during which the integrity of the electrical conductor 21 is evaluated as a function of at least one parameter determined during the parameter determination step.
  • the current or voltage parameter in the line will be significantly different from that which would be found in the line in the absence of this fault.
  • the electrical potential of the electrical conductor 21 will differ depending on whether or not an electrical fault affecting the electrical conductor 21 is present during the implementation of the evaluation process.
  • the pre-charge step of the conductor results in a discharge of the electrical energy contained in the pre-charge capacitor. 54 towards electrical conductor 21.
  • the evaluation process is conducted by bringing the electrical conductor 21 whose integrity is to be assessed to a test potential level, the value of which is, for example, greater than or equal to at least 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 70%, of its nominal electrical potential in service, when the power line is subjected to the nominal operating voltage of the HVDC network unit 12.
  • a test potential level the value of which is, for example, greater than or equal to at least 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 70%, of its nominal electrical potential in service, when the power line is subjected to the nominal operating voltage of the HVDC network unit 12.
  • a switching device 28 for example one of those illustrated in the figures, comprising at least one pre-charge capacitor 54
  • the evaluation process may then comprise several successive pre-charge steps, separated by steps of recharging the pre-charge capacitor 54, preferably while maintaining the electrical conductor 21 electrically isolated from the main voltage source 17, as will be described below, in order to avoid disrupting the latter in the event of a persistent electrical fault in the electrical conductor 21.
  • the evaluation process continues, without going through the conduction configuration C_COND of the current interruption device, i.e. without connecting the electrical conductor 21 whose integrity is to be evaluated with the main voltage source 17, by a pre-charge capacitor charging step during which the device is brought into the C_CH charging configuration, then successively, still without connecting the electrical conductor 21 whose integrity is to be evaluated with the main voltage source 17, by a new pre-charge step of the electrical conductor and a new parameter determination step, according to a pre-charge cycle.
  • the step of determining the current and/or voltage parameter in the line can be carried out after each pre-charge step, or possibly after a predetermined number of successive pre-charge steps.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54 must be sized so that the energy it can store allows the desired test potential level to be reached in the electrical conductor 21 within a reasonable number of pre-charge cycles.
  • This potential level will, for example, be greater than or equal to at least 50%, and preferably greater than or equal to 70%, of the nominal electrical potential in operation in the electrical conductor 21 when the power line is subjected to the nominal operating voltage of the HVDC network unit 12.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54 may be sized so that the energy it is capable of storing allows the desired test potential level to be reached in the electrical conductor 21, assuming that the electrical conductor is not affected by an electrical fault, in a single pre-charge, or in a number of pre-charge cycles in the range of 1 to 10, preferably in the range of 1 to 4.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the pre-charge capacitor 54 could be at least 10% of the equivalent capacitance of the electrical conductor 21 (the equivalent capacitance of a conductor being the linear capacitance of the conductor multiplied by its length). In practice, the equivalent capacitance of the pre-charge capacitor 54 could therefore be greater than 1 microfarad ( ⁇ F), or even greater than 5 microfarads ( ⁇ F).
  • the equivalent capacitance of the pre-charge capacitor 54 can be reduced, thus decreasing its size and cost.
  • a pre-charge capacitor 54 with an equivalent capacitance of less than 20 microfarads ( ⁇ F), or even in some cases less than 10 microfarads ( ⁇ F), will suffice.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the pre-charge capacitor 54 can thus be in the range from 1 microfarad ( ⁇ F) to 20 microfarads ( ⁇ F), or even in the range from 5 microfarads ( ⁇ F) to 20 microfarads ( ⁇ F).
  • the equivalent capacitance of the pre-charge capacitor 54 can be determined and/or refined empirically, for example by numerical simulation or by some experimental tests.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54 must be able to withstand a voltage across its terminals that is at least equal to the nominal operating voltage in the HVDC network unit 12, for example, a voltage across its terminals that is in the range of 1 to 2 times the nominal operating voltage in the HVDC network unit 12.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54 is integrated into a surge protection circuit in parallel with a surge arrester. In such cases, the pre-charge capacitor 54 must be able to withstand a voltage across its terminals that is equal to the surge arrester's protection voltage, which is, for example, in the range of 1.5 to 1.7 times the nominal operating voltage in the HVDC network unit 12.
  • This closing control method includes a process for evaluating the integrity of the electrical conductor.
  • This closing control method for an interruption device 28 falls within the general framework of an electrical protection method 100 , a schematic flowchart of which is illustrated in the Fig. 8 .
  • the Fig. 4A describes the configuration of the cut-off device Fig. 3 , immediately after a preliminary step 120 of electrical insulation of the electrical conductor 21 under consideration, for example following the detection 110 of an electrical fault in this electrical conductor 21. It is noted that, at the Fig. 4A The pre-charge switch 58 is in its open state. However, as illustrated in the Fig. 4B , one could expect it to be in its closed state.
  • This example describes the case in which, immediately after the preliminary step 120 of electrically isolating the electrical conductor in question, the capacitor 54 of the pre-charge circuit is in a charged state. It is then assumed that the voltage across the pre-charge capacitor 54 is equal to, or of the same order of magnitude as, the voltage between the electrical conductor 21 in question and ground when the power transmission line is at its nominal operating voltage. If this is not the case, the first step of the closing control process can be a step analogous to the pre-charge capacitor 54 charging step, which will be described below. Furthermore, before initiating the conductor pre-charge step 141 , it is possible, depending on the embodiment, to include a preparation process 130, an example of which will be described later.
  • At least one pre-charge step of conductor 141 is carried out, including the transition of the switching device 28 to its pre-charge configuration C_PCH, described above and illustrated in the Figure 5B , to energize the electrical conductor of the power transmission line which is arranged downstream of the downstream point 38 of the switching device 28.
  • the pre-charge step of conductor 141 first involves closing the pre-charge switch 58, and then closing the cut-off module(s) 40.1, 42.1.
  • the electric potential of the first conductor 21 can typically be determined through the voltage between this first conductor 21 and earth, or through the voltage between this first conductor 21 and another conductor, in particular another conductor of the same electric power transmission line.
  • the parameter to be determined is measured, or determined from a measurement.
  • the first electrical conductor 21 and/or the main circuit 34 of the switching device 28 are preferably equipped with a measuring instrument 32.1, 32.2 that provides a measurement result used to determine the parameter.
  • the measuring instrument may include, in particular, a voltmeter and/or an ammeter. It should be noted that, in some cases, the parameter may be measured or determined from a measurement in the connection of a linking node to which the electrical conductor 21 is connected via the switching device 28.
  • a delay step 142 can be provided between the transition 141 of the switching device 28 to its pre-charge configuration and the parameter determination step 143.
  • This delay step 142 can be provided , for example, to wait for the electrical conditions in the electrical conductor 21 to stabilize. This can be advantageous, for example, when the parameter to be determined is a parameter related to the final electrical potential in the electrical conductor, resulting from the pre-charging of the conductor by the switching device 28 to its pre-charge configuration C_PCH.
  • Such a delay step 142 can, for example, have a duration of between 1 ms and 20 ms.
  • step 143 of parameter determination immediately after the switching device 28 to its pre-charge configuration C_PCH, for example to monitor the derivative of the current or electric potential in the electric conductor 21 at the time of current establishment, including by analyzing transient or oscillatory phenomena during step 141 of conductor pre-charge.
  • the evaluation process 140 may include a step 144 for evaluating the integrity of the electrical conductor 21.
  • this evaluation step 144 may involve a comparison between the determined parameter and a threshold value, which may be predetermined or calculated based on the conditions under which the evaluation step is performed.
  • This threshold value may be the desired test potential level described above or may be another value. Indeed, if the threshold value of the parameter is reached or exceeded, it can be deduced that the electrical conductor is not, or is no longer, affected by an electrical fault, thus resulting in a positive assessment of the integrity of electrical conductor 21.
  • the value determined for the parameter will allow us to deduce that the electrical conductor remains affected by an electrical fault, thus resulting in a negative assessment of the integrity of electrical conductor 21 , even after a single pre-charge step of the electrical conductor.
  • the value determined for the parameter does not allow us to conclude anything regarding the integrity of the electrical conductor. For example, this situation may be one in which the determined parameter does not allow us to conclude that there is a fault, but the electrical potential reached in the electrical conductor 21 following the pre-charge step has not reached the test electrical potential value.
  • the complete closure of the current interruption device by switching the current interruption device to its conduction configuration C_COND is pursued if a voltage value in the main circuit 34 of the cutting device 28, or in the downstream power line, exceeds a threshold value.
  • the process for controlling the switching device may include a decision step, during which, based on at least one parameter determined during the parameter determination step, a decision is made as to whether or not to proceed with the complete closure of the switching device by transitioning it to the conduction configuration C_COND.
  • this decision step for proceeding with complete closure results in a positive decision to proceed if the electrical conductor integrity assessment has been successfully performed and is positive.
  • this decision step for proceeding with complete closure results in a negative decision to proceed if the electrical conductor integrity assessment has not been successfully performed or is negative.
  • the evaluation step and the decision step are one and the same step 144.
  • this step may involve a comparison between an electrical potential value of the first conductor 21, determined in the determination step 143, and a threshold value, for example the desired test potential level described above.
  • either or both the evaluation and decision stages can be based on the determination of several parameters. Furthermore, it is possible that the evaluation and decision stages will be based on the determination of different parameters, or on partially different sets of parameters.
  • FIG. 7A An example of a process 160 for the continued complete closure of the switching device 28 is illustrated by the succession of Figs. 7A to 7C
  • the switching device 28 goes from the state of the Fig. 7A , corresponding to the cutoff device 28 in its pre-charge configuration C_PCH, in the state of the Fig. 7C corresponding to the switching device 28 in its conduction configuration C_COND.
  • the Fig. 7B This can be done , in particular, by first planning the opening of 161 of The pre-charge switch 58 is closed before the isolation switch 48 of the switching device 28 is closed , which brings the device into its conduction configuration C_COND.
  • the isolation switch 48 is the last one to be closed to reach the conduction configuration C_COND.
  • the process 160 for completing the closure of the switching device 28 ends with step 163 , which transitions the switching device 28 to its conduction configuration C_COND.
  • the process 160 for completing the closure of the switching device 28 may include additional steps, particularly steps preceding step 163, which transitions the switching device 28 to its conduction configuration C_COND.
  • These additional steps 162 may, for example, allow for a reconfiguration of the switching device 28, notably to enable it to be ready for a new current interruption in the event of the detection of an electrical fault affecting the electrical conductor 21.
  • step 144 assesses the integrity of the electrical conductor 21 , particularly with regard to the electrical potential reached in the conductor 21 following the pre-charge step. If this electrical potential is insufficient to confirm the integrity of the conductor, the decision step will remain negative, without necessarily implying that the electrical conductor 21 is electrically faulty.
  • decision step 144 If decision step 144 is negative, the process can continue, without going through the conduction configuration C_COND of the current interruption device, by a pre-charge capacitor charging step 180 during which the device is brought into the loading configuration C_CH, then successively by a new conductor pre-charge step 141, a new parameter determination step 143, and a new evaluation and/or decision step 144, according to a new pre-charge cycle. It can be foreseen that this new pre-charge cycle will be implemented only if the evaluation step has not previously resulted in a negative assessment of the integrity of the electrical conductor.
  • this pre-charge cycle may be repeated several times successively as long as the evaluation and/or decision stage is not positive, therefore as long as the process does not continue with a process 160 of complete closure of the cutting device 28.
  • the number of pre-charge cycles for a given attempt to re-close the cut-off device 28 will be limited.
  • a verification step 170 of the number of pre-charges carried out. For example, each time the evaluation and/or decision step 144 is not positive, a counter can be incremented by one unit, and it can be verified, during the verification step 170, that the value of this counter does not exceed a maximum value.
  • the piloting process 190 can be completed without the complete re-closing of the switching device.
  • the decision step is negative, the closing piloting process is interrupted. In this case, it is preferable to bring the switching device 28 to its isolation configuration C_ISOL.
  • this scenario arises when there is a persistent fault affecting the electrical conductor 21, requiring intervention.
  • the piloting process can restart a new pre-charge step 141 of the conductor 21, but after having carried out a recharging step 180 of the pre-charge capacitor 54.
  • the control process includes, after the preliminary step 120 of electrically isolating the electrical conductor in question but before a first pre-charge step of the conductor 141, a preliminary step 132 of recharging the pre-charge capacitor, for example within the preparation process 130.
  • the preparation process 130 may also include other preparation steps 131.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a particularly simple embodiment of a cutting device according to the invention.
  • a switching device 28 will include a single switching module 40.1 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38.
  • Other embodiments will include, downstream of the first switching module 40.1 in the main circuit 34 of the switching device 28, at least one final switching module 40.n comprising at least one switching switch 42.n interposed in the main circuit 34 between a final primary point 44.n, downstream of the first secondary point 46.1, and a final secondary point 46.n of the circuit main 34.
  • the breaking switch 42.n of the last breaking module 40.n is capable of being controlled between an open state and a closed state to determine respectively an open state and a closed state of the last breaking module 40.n.
  • some breaking devices 28 will have only two breaking modules, between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, namely a first breaking module 40.1 and a last breaking module 40.n, the last breaking module then also being the second breaking module.
  • certain switching devices 28 shall include, in the main circuit 34 of the switching device 28, between the first switching module 40.1 and the last switching module 40.n, at least one additional switching module 40.2, ..., comprising at least one switching switch 42.2, ..., interposed in the main circuit 34 between an additional primary point 44.2, ..., downstream of the first secondary point 46.1, and an additional secondary point 46.2, ..., of the main circuit 34, upstream of the last primary point 44.n, and the switching switch 42.2, ..., of the additional module 40.2, ..., being capable of being controlled between an open state and a closed state to determine respectively an open state and a closed state of the additional switching module 40.2, ...,.
  • a switching device 28 may include a single additional switching module interposed in the main circuit between the first switching module and the last switching module, or several additional switching modules interposed successively in the main circuit between the first switching module and the last switching module.
  • Such a circuit-switching assistance device 70.i is a device which, at the moment the switching module transitions from its closed to its open state, will facilitate the interruption of the electric current through the switching switch 42.i of the switching module 40.i in question.
  • a circuit-switching assistance device 70.i will transiently reduce the intensity of the electric current in the switching switch 42.i to which it is electrically connected in parallel, or even transiently tend towards the cancellation, or reversal of the direction of flow, of the electric current in the switching switch 42.i to which it is electrically connected in parallel.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54i will also be advantageously used to perform the switching facilitation function.
  • the same electrical component, the pre-charge capacitor 54i will be used for two different functions, which will reduce the cost and size of a switching device 28 having both a switching assistance circuit and a pre-charge circuit as described above.
  • a switching assistance circuit 70.i comprises, successively and in this order from the primary point 44.i associated with the module in question, at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.i and an activation switch 72.i , with a tapping point 76 between the two in the switching assistance circuit 70.i.
  • the pre-charge circuit can be defined as comprising a first section, which is common with the switching assistance circuit 70.i, extending between the first primary point 44.i and the tapping point 76 and including at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.i , and a second section, distinct from the circuit assistance to the cut-off 70.i, which extends between the tapping point 76 and the ground 52 and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed.
  • the preparation process 130 within the control process may include a preparation step during which all current flow is cut off in the switching assistance circuit between the tapping point and the secondary point, for example by means of a switch placed between these two points.
  • FIG. 9A A first embodiment of a switching device 28 in which the switching module 40.1 comprises both a switching assistance circuit 70.1 and a pre-charge circuit 50 as described above.
  • This embodiment comprises a single switching module 40.1 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38.
  • This example of a switching device 28 extends between an upstream point 36 and a downstream point 38 and can therefore be used instead of the embodiment illustrated in the Fig. 3
  • Such a switching module is described in more detail in the document WO 2020/136340 to which one can refer for a detailed description.
  • This single switching module 40.1 comprises a switching switch 42.1 having a primary mechanical switch 60.1 and a secondary mechanical switch 62.1 , interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the first secondary point 46.1 associated with this single switching module 40.1, but on either side of a first intermediate point 64.1 of the main circuit 34 which corresponds to the switching module 40.1.
  • the two mechanical switches, primary 60.1 and secondary 62.1 can each be controlled between an open and a closed state. Since the switching module 40.1 is unique in this switching device 28, the first secondary point 46.1 of the switching module 40.1 can be considered electrically identical to the downstream point 38 of the switching device 28, in the sense that the two points are always at the same electrical potential.
  • surge protectors limit the magnitude of the potential difference across the switch in parallel with which they are connected.
  • lightning arresters are well-known, and these can include varistors and TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diodes, such as Transil TM diodes.
  • the primary surge protector 66.1 and/or the secondary surge protector 68.1 can each include a metal oxide varistor (MOV).
  • MOV metal oxide varistor
  • the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1 of the cut-off switch 42.1 extends between the first primary point 44.1 and the first secondary point 46.1 in the form of a capacitive buffer circuit that extends electrically in parallel with the assembly formed by the primary switch 60.1 and the secondary switch 62.1, and electrically in parallel with the assembly formed by the primary surge protector 66.1 and the secondary surge protector 68.1, and which includes an activation switch 72.1 and a buffer capacitance which is here formed by the pre-charge capacitor 54.1.
  • the capacitive buffer circuit forming the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1 does not include a dedicated inductive component.
  • the capacitive buffer circuit forming the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1 may include a tertiary surge suppressor 74.1 arranged in parallel with the activation switch 72.1, for example directly across the terminals of the activation switch 72.1.
  • the cut-off assist circuit 70.1 comprises, successively and in this order from the first primary point 44.1, at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.1 and an activation switch 72.1, with a tap-off point 76 between the two in the cut-off assist circuit 70.1.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 comprises a first section, which is common with the cut-off assist circuit, extending between the first primary point 44.1 and the tap-off point 76 and comprising at least one Pre-charge capacitor 54.1.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 has a second section, separate from the cut-off assist circuit 70.1, which extends between the tapping point 76 and ground 52 and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed.
  • the pre-charge resistor 56 of the pre-charge circuit 50 is arranged in the second section, separate from the cut-off assist circuit 70.1, which extends between the tapping point 76 and ground 52, therefore outside the cut-off assist circuit 70.1. It is understood that, in this second section which extends between the tapping point 76 and ground 52, the pre-charge resistor 56 of the pre-charge circuit 50 could be arranged on either side of the pre-charge switch.
  • a configuration switch 78.1 is provided in the section of the interruption assistance circuit that is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50.
  • the configuration switch 78.1 is arranged between the tertiary surge protector 74.1 and the downstream point 38. This configuration switch 78.1 is closed in a C_C interruption configuration of the interruption device 28, during which the interruption assistance circuit 70.1 is active to interrupt the flow of current in the interruption switch 42.1 as it is opening.
  • This configuration switch 78.1 is in its open state in the C_CH loading and C_PCH pre-charging configurations of the switching device 28, to prevent the electrical conductor 21, connected to the downstream point 38, from discharging through the switching assistance circuit 70.1, in particular through the tertiary surge arrester 74.1.
  • this configuration switch 78.1 is in its closed state in the C_COND conduction configuration to anticipate a possible need to reopen the switching device 28.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54 it is necessary that, in order to perform the switching, the pre-charge capacitor 54 be in a discharged state at the time it is desired to operate as part of the switching assistance. It is therefore necessary to provide a discharge circuit for the pre-charge capacitor 54.1.
  • a discharge circuit (not shown in the figures) can be a passive discharge circuit, without any active components, for example comprising a discharge resistor arranged in parallel with the pre-charge capacitor 54.
  • such a discharge resistor has a high electrical resistance value such that the dipole consisting of the pre-charge capacitor 54 and the discharge resistor arranged in parallel has a significant time constant compared to the electrical break-off time in the secondary switch 62.1, for example, a time constant greater than 50 milliseconds, preferably greater than 100 milliseconds.
  • Another type of discharge circuit may include at least one active component, such as a controlled switch.
  • a discharge circuit could include a controlled switch arranged directly in series with the aforementioned discharge resistor, the two components being in parallel with the pre-charge capacitor 54.1. When the controlled switch is switched to a closed state allowing current to flow, a discharge circuit is formed between the two plates of the pre-charge capacitor 54.
  • a step comprising the mechanical opening of the primary switch 60.1 and the secondary switch 66.1.
  • the two switches can be opened mechanically simultaneously, or successively in any order.
  • Such a step of opening the two switches can be triggered in the presence of an electrical fault in the electrical installation, particularly in the electrical conductor of the downstream line connected to the downstream point 38.
  • the mechanical opening of the two switches 60.1 and 66.1 of the disconnect switch 42.1 may not, by itself, allow the electrical opening in the sense of interrupting the flow of current through the disconnect device 10, due to the formation of an electric arc across each of the two switches 60.1 and 66.1.
  • the method involves interrupting the current in the open primary switch 60.1 to induce a voltage across the primary switch 60.1 that exceeds the transition voltage of the primary surge suppressor 66.1 , thus causing it to switch into a current-conducting mode.
  • an oscillation circuit such as the one described can be used. in either of the documents WO-2020/136340 , WO-2015/103857 , EP-3.091.626 , CN-103.296.636 And WO-2012/100831
  • an oscillating current is created to force a zero crossing of the current in the open primary switch 60.1 .
  • the current interruption in the open primary switch 60.1 can be achieved by other means, notably by appropriately sizing the primary switch 60.1, even if this sizing results in a primary switch that is larger and/or more expensive than one that could be used if an oscillation circuit were present.
  • this current interruption through the primary switch 60.1 forces the current through the switching device 28 to charge the pre-charge capacitor 54.1, causing a voltage rise across its terminals. This, in turn, results in the same voltage appearing across the primary surge suppressor 66.1, and therefore the same voltage across the primary switch 60.1. In the event of a significant fault current, this voltage reaches the transition voltage of the primary surge suppressor 66.1, whose resistance then varies to limit the voltage increase, which then reaches a plateau.
  • the primary surge suppressor 66.1 is considered to conduct current.
  • the current through the switching device 28 passes through the primary surge suppressor 66.1 but continues to flow through the secondary switch 62.1 due to the presence of an electric arc between its contacts.
  • the interruption assistance circuit is activated by closing the activation switch 72.1. It is assumed that the configuration switch has been previously closed; otherwise, it can be closed at this point. This allows, in the switching assistance circuit 70.1, the passage of a current to charge the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 and to relieve the current in the secondary switch 62.1. In the initial state, the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 is discharged, for example, by the presence of the discharge circuit.
  • the switching device 28 is configured so that, in the initial state, i.e., when the activation switch 72.1 is flipped, a current to charge the capacitor 54.1 is allowed to pass through the switching assistance circuit 70.1.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 is discharged. Consequently, and due to the presence of a potential difference across the primary surge suppressor 66.1, the current through device 28 switches to the switching assistance circuit 70.1 to charge the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 .
  • the current through the switching device 28 is essentially conducted by the switching assistance circuit 70.1, which has the effect of reducing, or even eliminating, the current flowing through the secondary switch 62.1, which, it should be noted, is in a mechanically closed state, with its contacts separated from each other.
  • Secondary switch 62.1 is then considered electrically open, and a voltage can appear across its terminals without risk of the electric arc reigniting. This voltage is transmitted to the terminals of secondary surge arrester 68.1, which can then perform its function of limiting the voltage across the secondary switch.
  • the switching device 28 can then be considered open, since only a leakage current can flow through device 28 , passing through primary surge arrester 60.1 and secondary surge arrester 62.1. Therefore, it is advisable to choose primary surge arrester 60.1 and secondary surge arrester 62.1 such that the sum of their transition voltages is greater than the nominal voltage of the installation.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 is the only capacitor in the break-assist circuit 70.1, meaning that there is no capacitor in the section of the break-assist circuit 70.1 that is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50, here between the tapping point 76 and the secondary point 46.1.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 located in the section of the pre-charge circuit 50 that is common with the break-assist circuit 70.1, at least one other capacitor. This other capacitor would be located in the section of the break-assist circuit 70.1 that is separate from the circuit. of pre-charge 50, here between tapping point 76 and secondary point 46.1.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 can take the form of a single physical component, or be formed of several physical components which can be arranged electrically in series and/or in parallel so as to form a capacitive system electrically equivalent to the capacitor 54.1 illustrated.
  • FIG. 9B A table in which, for each of the configurations described above of a switching device 28 according to the invention, the state of the various switches in the configuration shown is represented. Each row of the table corresponds to one of these configurations, and the columns of the table correspond to the switches of the switching device 28, designated by the corresponding reference numerals used in the figures and in the text above.
  • the open state is represented by the number 0, and the closed state by the number 1. In the absence of any indication, the switch may be in either of these states, with the possibility that there may be a preferred state depending on the installation considered.
  • the conduction configuration C_COND is obtained by bringing the isolation switch 48 and the cutoff switch 42.1, the latter here being formed by the primary switch 60.1 and the secondary switch 60.2, to their closed state.
  • the pre-charge switch 58 can, for example , be in its open state.
  • the activation switch 72.1 is in its open state and the configuration switch 78.1 is in its closed state.
  • the C_C breaking configuration involves bringing the pre-charge switch 58 to its open state, and then the configuration switch 78.1 to its closed state.
  • the breaking switch 42.1 namely the primary switch 60.1 and the secondary switch 60.2 is brought to its open state, and the activation switch 72.1 is brought to its closed state so that the breaking assistance circuit 70.1, which includes the pre-charge capacitor 54.1, can perform its breaking assistance function.
  • the isolation switch 48 is brought to its open state.
  • the C_ISOL isolation configuration is achieved by bringing the isolation switch 48 and the cutoff switch 42.1— specifically , the primary internal switch 60.1 and the secondary switch 60.2— to their open state. At least one of the activation switch 72.1 and the configuration switch 78.1 must be in its open state. For example, the pre-charge switch 58 is in its open state.
  • the C_CH charging configuration which aims to electrically charge the pre-charge capacitor 54 of the pre-charge circuit 50, is achieved by bringing the isolation switch 48 and the pre-charge switch 58 to their closed state, the cutoff switch 42.1 (here, the primary internal switch 60.1) and the secondary switch 60.2 to their open state, as is the configuration switch 78.1 .
  • the activation switch 72.1 is also in its open state.
  • the pre-charge configuration C_PCH which allows discharge of the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 into the downstream power line conductor, is achieved by opening the isolation switch 48 and closing both the pre-charge switch 58 and the disconnect switch 42.1 ( specifically, the primary internal switch 60.1 and the secondary switch 60.2) .
  • the configuration switch 78.1 can be closed, but the activation switch 72.1 is then open.
  • this embodiment of the switching device illustrated in the Fig. 9A is controlled in the manner described with reference to the Fig. 3 .
  • FIG. 10A a variant embodiment of the cutting device 28 of the Fig. 9A
  • the alternative implementation of the Fig. 10A is identical to that of the Fig. 9A except for the presence of a bypass circuit 80 which extends, in electrical parallel with the main circuit 34, between the first primary point 44.1 and a bypass point 82 arranged between the last secondary point, here the first secondary point 46.1 since this embodiment has only one switching module 40.1, and the downstream point 38.
  • a bypass switch 84 Interposed in this bypass circuit is a bypass switch 84 which is in a closed state in the pre-charge configuration C_PCH and in an open state in the loading configuration C_CH, the isolation configuration C_ISOL, the switching configuration C_C, and also in the conduction configuration C_COND.
  • the bypass circuit 80 ensures, for the pre-charge configuration C_PCH, the pre-charge of the electrical conductor 21 of the downstream power transmission line, through a circuit having the lowest possible parasitic inductance.
  • the presence of the bypass circuit 80 allows the configuration switch 78 to be moved to the main line 34 between the first secondary point 46.1 and the bypass point 82.
  • the configuration switch 78 In this position within the switching device, the configuration switch 78 is closed in the conduction configuration C_COND and in the breaking configuration C_C of the switching device 28.
  • the configuration switch 78 is open in the charging configuration C_CH and pre-charging configurations C_PCH of the switching device 28, to prevent the electrical conductor 21, connected to the downstream point 38, from discharging through the switching assistance circuit 70.1.
  • This embodiment which allows the configuration switch 78 to be moved outside the switching assistance circuit 70.1, results in a switching assistance circuit 70.1 with the lowest possible parasitic inductance.
  • Figs. 11A and 11B two variants of a switching device according to the invention which are derived from a switching device architecture which is described in particular in the documents WO-2016/003357 And WO-2017/116296 , to which we will refer in more detail for the Operation of the circuit assist during the interruption 70.1.
  • a main circuit 34 in which a nominal direct current flows in a conduction configuration C_COND of the switching device, the main circuit 34 extending between an upstream point 36 intended to be electrically connected to a high voltage direct current source 17 and a downstream point 38 intended to be electrically connected to a conductor 21 of a downstream electrical power transmission line.
  • These two embodiments here include a single switching module 40.1 comprising at least one switching switch 42.1 interposed in the main circuit 34 between a first primary point 44.1 and a first secondary point 46.1 of the main circuit 34.
  • the first primary point 44.1 and the first secondary point 46.1 are located, in that order, in the main circuit 34 between the upstream point 36 and the downstream point 38.
  • These two embodiments also include an isolation switch 48, interposed in the main circuit 34 between the upstream point 36 and the first primary point 44.1.
  • a switching assistance circuit 70.1 is provided in parallel with the switching module 40.1, extending between the primary point 44.1 and the secondary point 46.1 , which correspond to the switching module in question.
  • the breaking assistance circuit 70.1 is designed to facilitate the extinguishing of an electric arc that may form between the terminals of the breaking switch 42.1 when it opens.
  • the breaking assistance circuit 70.1 comprises, between the primary point 44.1 and the secondary point 46.1 (which correspond to the breaking module under consideration), at least one dedicated inductive component 90.1, a controlled voltage source 92.1 , and a capacitor 54.1.
  • the breaking assistance circuit 70.1 thus forms an LC circuit in which current oscillations can be forced.
  • the controlled voltage source 92.1 is controlled to create alternating currents of increasing intensity in the breaking assistance circuit 70.1, until these current oscillations exceed the fault current in the breaking switch 42.1.
  • the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1 eventually injects into the main circuit 34, through the cut-off switch, a counter-current in the opposite direction to the fault current, and with an intensity greater than the fault current. causing a zero crossing of the current in the cutoff switch 42.1, which leads to the extinction of the electric arc.
  • the cutoff module 40.1 of the embodiment of the Fig. 11A includes a surge protector 73.1 which is electrically connected in parallel with the assembly comprising the capacitor 54.1, the controlled voltage source 92.1, and a configuration switch 78.1 , which will be detailed later, to limit the voltage across this assembly.
  • the switching module 40.1 of the embodiment of the Fig. 11B includes a surge protector 75.1 which is electrically arranged in parallel with the capacitor 54.1 to limit the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor 54.1.
  • the 28 cut-off devices Figs. 11A and 11B include a pre-charge circuit 50 extending from the first primary point 44.1 to ground 52 and comprising at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.1, at least one pre-charge resistor 56 and a pre-charge switch 58.
  • the switching device 28 in a C_C switching configuration, is configured such that the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 of the pre-charge circuit 50 is part of the switching assistance circuit 70.1, in which it plays the role of the capacitor in the LC circuit intended to generate the oscillations.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 has a first section, which is common with the cut-off assist circuit 70.1, extending from the first primary point 44.1 to a tapping point 76 and including at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.1.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 has a second section, separate from the cut-off assist circuit 70.1, extending from the tapping point 76 to ground 52 and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed. Note that the pre-charge resistor 56 of the pre-charge circuit 50 is, in both variants, arranged in the second section of the pre-charge circuit 50 extending from the tapping point 76 to ground 52, therefore outside the cut-off assist circuit 70.1.
  • the controlled voltage source 92.1 which includes, for example, a point of controlled thyristors and capacitors, is arranged in the part of the switching assistance circuit 70.1 which is common with the pre-charge circuit 50, here between at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.1 and the tapping point 76.
  • the controlled voltage source 92.1 is arranged in the part of the cut-off assist circuit 70.1 which is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50, here between the tapping point 76 and the secondary point 46.1.
  • the 28 cut-off devices Figs. 11A and 11B include a configuration switch 78.1 in the section of the break-assist circuit 70.1 that is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50.
  • the configuration switch 78.1 is arranged between the tapping point 76 and the downstream point 38.
  • This configuration switch 78.1 is closed in a C_C break configuration of the break device 28, during which the break-assist circuit 70.1 is active to interrupt the current flow in the break switch 42.1 as it opens.
  • This configuration switch 78.1 is open in the C_CH load and C_PCH pre-charge configurations of the break device 28, to prevent the electrical conductor 21, connected to the downstream point 38, from discharging through the break-assist circuit 70.1.
  • a switching device 28 has been represented according to one or another of the variants of Figs. 11A and 11B
  • the state of the various switches in the configuration In addition to the conduction configuration C_COND, the isolation configuration C_ISOL , and the cutoff configuration C_C, there is a charging configuration C_CH in which the pre-charge switch 58 is in a closed state, such that the pre-charge capacitor 54.1, the pre-charge resistor 56 , and the pre-charge switch 58 are all electrically in series in the pre-charge circuit 50 between the first primary point 44.1 and ground 52.
  • the first primary point 44.1 is electrically isolated from the downstream point 38 of the cutoff device 28, notably by the opening of the cutoff switch 42.1, but electrically connected to the upstream point 36 by the closing of the isolation switch 48 to allow the charging of the pre-charge capacitor 54.1.
  • pre-charge configuration C_PCH there is also a pre-charge configuration C_PCH in which The pre-charge switch 58 is in its closed state so that the pre-charge capacitor 54.1, the pre-charge resistor 56 and the pre-charge switch 58 are all electrically in series in the pre-charge circuit 50 between the first primary point 44.1 and ground 52, while the first primary point 44.1 is electrically isolated from the upstream point 36 of the cut-off device, by the opening of the isolation switch 48, but electrically connected to the downstream point 38, by the closing of the cut-off switch 42.1 to allow discharge of the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 into the conductor 21 of the downstream power line.
  • a switching device which is derived from a switching device architecture which is described in particular in the document K. TAKATA and. al. “HVDC Circuit Breakers for HVDC Grid Applications”, CIGRE AORC 2014 , to which more details will be provided for the operation of the shut-off assistance device.
  • the shut-off device 28 of the Figs. 12A we therefore find a main circuit 34, in which a nominal direct current flows in a conduction configuration of the switching device, the main circuit 34 extending between an upstream point 36 intended to be electrically connected to a high voltage direct current source 17 and a downstream point 38 intended to be electrically connected to a conductor 21 of a downstream electrical power transmission line.
  • This embodiment includes a single switching module 40.1 comprising at least one switching switch 42.1 interposed in the main circuit 34 between a first primary point 44.1 and a first secondary point 46.1 of the main circuit 34.
  • the first primary point 44.1 and the first secondary point 46.1 are located, in that order, in the main circuit 34 between the upstream point 36 and the downstream point 38.
  • This variant of the embodiment includes an isolation switch 48, interposed in the main circuit 34 between the upstream point 36 and the first primary point 44.1.
  • a switching assistance circuit 70.1 is provided in parallel with the switching module 40.1, extending between the primary point 44.1 and the secondary point 46.1, which correspond to the switching module in question.
  • the breaking assistance circuit 70.1 is intended to facilitate the extinguishing of an electric arc that may form between the terminals of the breaking switch 42.1 upon opening.
  • the switching assistance circuit 70.1 comprises, between the primary point 44.1 and the secondary point 46.1 , which correspond to the switching module in question, at least one dedicated inductive component 90.1, a capacitor 54.1 , and an activation switch 72.1.
  • the switching assistance circuit 70.1 thus forms an LC circuit in which current oscillations can be forced, here by discharging the capacitor 54.1. Indeed, starting with a charged capacitor 54.1 , closing the activation switch causes the capacitor to discharge into the switching assistance circuit 70.1 , which forms an LC circuit.
  • this discharge occurs in the form of an oscillating current.
  • this LC-type break-assist circuit 70.1 is dimensioned, particularly in terms of capacitance and inductance, such that the current oscillations exceed the fault current in the break-off switch 42.1. Due to such an oscillation, the break-assist circuit 70.1 injects a counter-current into the main circuit 34, via the break-off switch 42.1. This counter-current, in the opposite direction to the fault current and with a higher intensity than the fault current, causes the current in the break-off switch 42.1 to cross zero, thus extinguishing the electric arc.
  • the break-off module includes a surge suppressor 75.1 , which is electrically connected in parallel with the capacitor 54.1 to limit the voltage across the capacitor 54.1.
  • the cut-off device 28 of the Fig. 12A includes a pre-charge circuit 50 extending from the first primary point 44.1 to ground 52 and comprising at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.1, at least one pre-charge resistor 56 , and a pre-charge switch 58.
  • the switching device 28 in a C_C switching configuration, is configured such that the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 of the pre-charge circuit 50 forms part of the switching assistance circuit 70.1, in which it acts as the capacitor in the LC circuit designed to generate the oscillations.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 is the only capacitor in the switching assistance circuit 70.1, in the sense that there is no other capacitor in the section of the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1 which is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50, here between the tapping point 76 and the secondary point 46.1.
  • the pre-charge capacitor 54.1 which is arranged in the section of the pre-charge circuit 50 which is common with the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1, at least one other capacitor, this other capacitor being arranged in the section of the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1 which is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50, here between the tapping point 76 and the secondary point 46.1.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 has a first section, which is common with the cut-off assist circuit 70.1, extending from the first primary point 44.1 to a tapping point 76 and including at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.1.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 has a second section, separate from the cut-off assist circuit 70.1, extending from the tapping point 76 to ground 52 and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed. Note that the pre-charge resistor 56 of the pre-charge circuit 50 is, in this variant, arranged in the second section of the pre-charge circuit 50 which extends from the tapping point 76 to ground 52, therefore outside the cut-off assist circuit 70.1.
  • the dedicated inductive component 90.1 of the cut-off assist circuit 70.1 is arranged in the part of the cut-off assist circuit 70.1 which is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50, here between the tapping point 76 and the secondary point 46.1.
  • the activation switch 72.1 is arranged in the section of the break-assist circuit 70.1 that is separate from the pre-charge circuit 50, here between the tapping point 76 and the secondary point 46.1. This activation switch 72.1 is in its closed state in a C_C break configuration of the breaking device 28, during which the break-assist circuit 70.1 is active to interrupt the current flow in the breaking switch 42.1 as it opens. This activation switch 72.1 is open in the C_CH load and C_PCH pre-charge configurations of the breaking device 28, to prevent the electrical conductor 21, connected to the downstream point 38, cannot discharge through the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1.
  • Fig. 12B a painting that can be read in the same way as that of the Fig. 9B , in which, for each of the configurations described above, a switching device 28 has been represented according to the Fig. 12A , the state of the different switches in the configuration.
  • the activation switch 72.1 of the cut-off assistance circuit 70.1 is also open to isolate the tapping point 76 from the first secondary point 46.1 and therefore from the downstream point 38.
  • the first primary point 44.1 is electrically isolated from the upstream point 36 of the cut-off device 28 by the opening of the isolation switch 48, but electrically connected to the downstream point 38 by the closing of the cut-off switch 42.1 to allow the capacitor to discharge.
  • the activation switch 72.1 of the break-assist circuit 70.1 is open to isolate the tapping point 76 from the first secondary point 46.1 and therefore from the downstream point 38.
  • the capacitor 54.1 which is shared by the disconnect assistance circuit 70.1 and the pre-charge circuit 50, discharges.
  • the capacitor 54.1 may be discharged at a voltage different from, or even lower than , that of the voltage source 17. Therefore , during a re-closing operation, if a pre-charge step is to be performed on the electrical conductor 21, it will be necessary to first recharge the capacitor 54.1 before the first pre-charge step can be carried out.
  • FIG. 13A has 17A different embodiments of a switching device comprising several switching modules 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 which are interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38.
  • the switching device 28 described can be used in place of those described previously, with the same possible configurations and the same possible control mode during re - closing as described above, to implement an integrity assessment process for an electrical conductor with at least one conductor pre-charge step.
  • an auxiliary voltage source separate from the main voltage source 17, is connected to the electrical conductor 21 to energize it while maintaining its isolation from the main voltage source 17 and from the rest of the electrical installation 10, as described above.
  • These embodiments also allow for a pre-charge capacitor recharging step during which the switching device is brought into the C_CH charging configuration.
  • multiplying the switching devices arranged successively in the main circuit 34 allows the voltage across each switching module to be reduced at the moment of opening. This allows either increasing the breaking capacity of the switching device 28, for a given performance of each module, or, to obtain a breaking capacity given the switching device, to implement switching modules with a significantly lower breaking capacity.
  • the switching device 28 comprises, downstream of the first switching module 40.1 in the main circuit 34 of the switching device 28, at least one final switching module.
  • a switching device comprising several switching modules could comprise only two switching modules, namely a first switching module and a final switching module interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38.
  • the switching device 28 comprises more than two switching modules, namely, interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, a first switching module, at least one additional switching module, and a final switching module.
  • the switching device 28 comprises three switching modules, namely, interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, a first switching module 40.1, a second switching module 40.2 forming an additional switching module, and a third switching module forming the final switching module.
  • a switching device 28 according to the invention may comprise several additional switching modules interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first switching module 40.1 and the final switching module 40.1.
  • the last switching module 40.3, here the third one includes at least one switching switch 42.3, 60.3, 62.3 interposed in the main circuit 34 between a last primary point 44.3, downstream of the first secondary point 46.1, and a last secondary point 46.3 of the main circuit 34.
  • the switching switch 42.3, 60.3, 62.3 of the last switching module 40.3 is capable of being controlled between an open state and a closed state to determine respectively an open state and a closed state of the last switching module 40.3.
  • the breaking module additional also includes at least one disconnect switch 42.2, 60.2, 62.2, interposed in the main circuit 34 between an additional primary point, here therefore the second primary point 44.2 downstream of the first secondary point 46.1, and an additional secondary point of the main circuit, here therefore the second secondary point 46.2 upstream of the last primary point 44.3.
  • the disconnect switch 42.2, 60.2, 62.2 of the additional module 40.2 is capable of being controlled between an open state and a closed state to determine respectively an open state and a closed state of the additional disconnect module.
  • a pre-charge circuit which would be a dedicated circuit, as illustrated in the Fig. 3 , with a pre-charge circuit extending from the first primary point 44.1 to ground and comprising at least one pre-charge capacitor, at least one pre-charge resistor and one pre-charge switch.
  • At least one of the switching modules includes a switching assistance circuit 70.1 implementing a capacitor
  • at least one pre-charge capacitor of the pre-charge circuit 50 also be part of the switching assistance circuit of at least one of the switching modules.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 include several pre-charge capacitors, and that at least one pre-charge capacitor of the pre-charge circuit also be part of the switching assistance circuit of one switching module, while at least one other pre-charge capacitor of the pre-charge circuit be part of the switching assistance circuit of another switching module.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 includes several pre-charge capacitors, and each cut-off assist circuit includes at least one pre-charge capacitor from the pre-charge circuit.
  • at least one of the cut-off assist circuits preferably several, more preferably all of the cut-off assist circuits, containing at least one capacitor that has a cut-off assist function, shares this at least one capacitor with the pre-charge circuit 50.
  • the last breaking module 40.3 includes a breaking assistance circuit 70.3 which extends electrically in parallel from the breaking switch 42.3 of the last breaking module 40.3 and the main circuit 34, between the last primary point 44.3 and the last secondary point 46.3 of the main circuit 34.
  • the breaking device 28 is configured such that at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.3 of the pre-charge circuit is part of the breaking assistance circuit 70.3 of the last breaking module 40.3.
  • the additional breaking module for example the second additional breaking module 40.2
  • the additional breaking module includes a breaking assistance circuit 70.2 which extends electrically in parallel with the breaking switch 42.2 of the additional breaking module 40.2 and the main circuit 34, between the primary point 44.2 and the secondary point 46.2 of the main circuit 34 which are associated with this breaking module, here the second 40.2.
  • the breaking device 28 is configured such that at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.2 of the pre-charge circuit is part of the breaking assistance circuit 70.2 of the additional breaking module, for example the second breaking module 40.2.
  • the breaking assistance circuits of at least one upstream breaking module for example the first breaking module 40.1, and one downstream breaking module, for example the last breaking module 40.3, are electrically arranged in series.
  • this series connection is achieved by correctly configuring certain configuration switches 78.1 and/or isolation switches 77.1 and/or even shunt switches 79.1.
  • the cut-off assistance circuit of the downstream cut-off module for example the cut-off assistance circuit 70.3 of the last cut-off module 40.3, comprises, successively and in this order from the primary point of this downstream module, for example the last primary point 44.3, at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.3 and an activation switch 72.3, with a tap-off point 76 between the two in this cut-off assistance circuit 70.3.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 comprises a first section extending between the primary point of the upstream module, for example the first primary point 44.1, and The tapping point 76.
  • This first section of the pre-charge circuit 50 is common with the cut-off assist circuit and includes at least one pre-charge capacitor for each of the cut-off assist circuits of the modules whose assist circuits are in series, for example, those of the first and last cut-off modules.
  • the pre-charge circuit has a second section, separate from the cut-off assist circuit, which extends between the tapping point 76 and ground 52, and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed.
  • a switching device 28 comprising several switching modules having a switching assistance circuit
  • the switching assistance circuits of these modules or at least the parts of these switching assistance circuits including the capacitor of these circuits, are put in series to form the first section of the pre-charge circuit.
  • This first section of the pre-charge circuit which therefore includes capacitors also belonging to the cut-off assistance circuits, connects, at the tapping point 76, with the second section of the pre-charge circuit, separate from the cut-off assistance circuit, which includes the pre-charge switch 58.
  • FIG. 13A The diagram shows shunt switches 79.1 and 79.2 which, for the usual conduction (C_COND) and cutoff (C_C) configurations, are in an open state. However , with the pre-charge switch 58 in its open state, the shunt switches 79.1 and 79.2 could be in their closed state for these configurations.
  • C_COND conduction
  • C_C cutoff
  • a configuration switch 78.i (here 78.1, 78.2, 78.3) is also shown in the breaking assistance circuit 70.i, between the activation switch 72.i of the breaking module in question and the secondary point 46.i of the module in question.
  • this configuration switch 78.i therefore has the same location as its counterpart in the embodiment of the Fig. 9A .
  • the last module 70.3, and each additional breaking module, therefore here the second breaking module 70.2 include an isolation switch 77.2, 77.3 in the breaking assistance circuit considered, between the primary point 44.2, 44.3 of the breaking module considered and respectively the capacitor 54.2, 54.3 of the breaking assistance circuit of the breaking module considered.
  • the isolation switch 77.2, 77.3 and the configuration switch 78.2, 78.3 of a given switching module delimit between themselves a segment of the switching assistance circuit which includes the following elements of this switching assistance circuit: the capacitor 54.2, 54.3, the activation switch 72.2, 72.3 and the possible tertiary surge arrester 74.2, 74.3 which can be arranged at the terminals of the activation switch 72.2, 72.3.
  • the isolation switch 77.2, 77.3 and the configuration switch 78.1 of a given switching module are in their closed state, so that the elements included in the segment can perform their switching assistance role.
  • the breaking assistance circuits of at least the first breaking module 40.1 and the last breaking module 40.3, but preferably also those of the Additional breaking modules 40.2 are electrically arranged in series.
  • the breaking assistance circuit 70.2 of the additional breaking module 40.2 is electrically arranged in series between and with the breaking assistance circuits 70.1, 70.3 of the first and last breaking modules 40.1, 40.3.
  • each breaking assistance circuit at least of the first breaking module 40.1 and the last breaking module 40.3, but preferably also that or those of the additional breaking module(s) 40.2 , remains, considered individually, arranged in parallel with the breaking switch 42.i of the breaking module to which it belongs.
  • the isolation switch 77.2, 77.3 and the configuration switch 78.1, 78.2, 78.3 of a considered switching module are in their open state, to isolate the elements included in the segment from the main line 34.
  • the activation switch 72.i is open and the shunt switches 79.1, 79.2 are closed.
  • the capacitors 54.1, 54.2 , and 54.3 which in the C_C switching configuration are located in the switching assistance circuit, are then arranged directly in series with each other in the pre-charging circuit 50, between the first primary point 44.1 and ground.
  • the capacitors 54.1 of the switching assistance circuits are in series in the pre-charging circuit.
  • This series arrangement increases the voltage rating of the assembly formed by these capacitors in the pre-charging circuit 50, which, in the C_C switching configuration, are each associated with a switching module.
  • the presence of the shunt switches 79.1, 79.2, in their closed state, allows for the most direct possible path of the current in the pre-charge circuit 50 , for the C_CH loading and C_PCH pre-charge configurations.
  • Fig. 14A it was illustrated on the Fig. 14A an embodiment in which all the switching modules 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3 are identical to each other, and are analogous to what has been described in relation to the embodiment of the Fig. 10A
  • the different configurations of the cut-off device Fig. 14A are deduced from the different states of the switches which are indicated in the table of the Fig. 14B which is read in the same way as that of the Figure 10B .
  • the switching device 28 comprises, interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, a first switching module 40.1, an additional switching module 40.2, also referred to here as the second switching module 40.2, and a final switching module 40.3.
  • Each switching module 40.1 includes a switching switch 42.1, here implemented as two successive switches 60.1, 62.1 interposed in the main circuit 34 between a primary point 44.1 and a secondary point 46.1 of the main circuit 34 , which are associated with the switching module 40.1. It is understood that each module is arranged such that the primary point of an additional module or of the final module is directly connected, and preferably electrically coincident, with the secondary point of the module preceding it in the upstream-downstream direction in the main circuit 34.
  • Each breaking module 40.i includes a breaking assistance circuit 70.i implementing a capacitance, and it will be seen that the breaking device 28 includes a pre-charge circuit 50 having at least as many pre-charge capacitors 54.i as the number of modules, and that each breaking assistance circuit 70.i includes at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.i of the pre-charge circuit.
  • the breaking assistance circuits 70.i are electrically arranged in series between the first primary point 44.1 and the last secondary point 46.3. This follows from the fact that each module is arranged so that the primary point of an additional module or the last module is directly connected, and preferably electrically confused, with the secondary point of the module preceding it in the upstream-downstream direction in the main circuit 34, and that the cut-off assistance circuit 70.i of each cut-off module extends electrically in parallel with the cut-off switch 42.i of the cut-off module 40.i and the main circuit 34, between the primary point 44.i and the secondary point 46.i of the main circuit 34 which are associated with this module.
  • Each cut-off assistance circuit 70.i includes at least one capacitor, which can be seen to be advantageously a pre-charge capacitor 54.i in the sense that it also belongs to the pre-charge circuit 50, and an activation switch 72.i.
  • the cut-off assistance circuit 70.3 of the last cut-off module 40.3 comprises, successively and in this order from the last primary point 44.3, at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.3 and an activation switch 72.3, with a tap-off point 76 between the two in this last cut-off assistance circuit 70.3.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 comprises a first section extending from the first primary point 44.1 to the tapping point 76, which is common with the series of break-assist circuits, and which includes at least one pre-charge capacitor for each of the break-assist circuits of each of the break modules.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 comprises a second section, separate from the various break-assist circuits, extending from the tapping point 76 to ground 52 , and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed.
  • the disconnection modules do not need to incorporate a configuration switch in each reference disconnection assistance circuit as was envisaged in the embodiment of the Fig. 10A .
  • a bypass circuit 80 which extends, in electrical parallel with the main circuit 34 , between the first primary point 44.1 and a bypass point 82 arranged between the last secondary point 46.3 and the downstream point 38.
  • a bypass switch 84 Interposed in this bypass circuit 80 is a bypass switch 84 which is in a closed state in the configuration of The pre-charge C_PCH and open state are present in the C_CH loading, C_ISOL isolation, C_C cutoff, and C_COND conduction configurations.
  • the bypass circuit 80 enables the pre-charging of the downstream power transmission line's electrical conductor 21 in the C_PCH pre-charge configuration, while maintaining the cutoff assistance circuits 70.i with the lowest possible parasitic inductance.
  • the presence of the bypass circuit 80 allows the configuration switch 78 to be moved to the main line 34 between the last secondary point 46.3 and the bypass point 82.
  • the configuration switch 78 is closed in the conduction configuration C_COND, and in the breaking configuration C_C of the breaking device 28.
  • the configuration switch 78 is open in the charging configuration C_CH and pre-charging configuration C_PCH of the breaking device 28, to prevent the electrical conductor 21, connected to the downstream point 38, from discharging, particularly through the breaking assistance circuit 70.3.
  • the configuration switch 78 is open in the isolation configuration C_ISOL.
  • Fig. 15A We illustrated on the Fig. 15A an embodiment in which all the switching modules 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3 are identical to each other, and are analogous to what has been described in relation to the embodiment of the Fig. 11A The only difference is that the configuration switch is no longer in the cutoff modules, as just described with reference to the Fig. 14A .
  • the switching device 28 comprises, interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, a first switching module 40.1, an additional switching module 40.2, also referred to herein as the second switching module 40.2, and a final switching module 40.3.
  • Each switching module 40.1 includes a switching switch 42.1 interposed in the main circuit 34 between a primary point 44.1 and a secondary point 46.i of the main circuit 34 that are associated with the switching module 40.1. It is understood that each switching module 40.1 is arranged such that the primary point of an additional switching module or of the final switching module is directly connected, and preferably electrically coincident, with the secondary point of the module preceding it in the upstream-downstream direction in the main circuit 34.
  • Each switching module 40.i includes a switching assistance circuit 70.i implementing a capacitor, an inductor 90.i and a controlled voltage source 92.i.
  • the switching device 28 includes a pre-charge circuit 50 having at least as many pre-charge capacitors 54.i as the number of modules, and each switching assistance circuit 70.i includes at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.i of the pre-charge circuit.
  • Shunt switches 79.1 and 79.2 are shown , which, for the usual conduction (C_COND), breaking (C_C) , and isolation (C_ISOL) configurations, are in an open state.
  • C_COND conduction
  • breaking C_C
  • isolation C_ISOL
  • the breaking assistance circuits 70.i are electrically arranged in series, successively between the first primary point 44.1 and the last secondary point 46.3.
  • the cut-off assistance circuit 70.3 of the last cut-off module 40.3 comprises, successively and in this order from the last primary point 44.3, at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.3 and a controlled voltage source 92.3, with a tap-off point 76 between the two in this last cut-off assistance circuit 70.3.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 includes a first section extending between the first primary point 44.1 and the branch point 76, which is common with the succession of series-connected break-assist circuits, and which includes the less a pre-charge capacitor for each of the cut-off assistance circuits of each of the cut-off modules.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 has a second section, separate from the different cut-off assistance circuits, which extends between the tapping point 76 and ground 52 and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed.
  • the pre-charge resistor 56 is also in this second section which is separate from the different cut-off assistance circuits.
  • the shunt switches 79.1, 79.2 are closed.
  • the capacitors 54.1, 54.2 , and 54.3 which in the C_C breaking configuration are located in the breaking assistance circuit, are, in the C_CH loading and C_PCH pre-charging configurations, arranged directly in series with each other in the pre-charging circuit 50, between the first primary point 44.1 and ground 52.
  • each breaking module assistance circuit comprising at least one capacitor 54.1 with the same capacitance as each breaking assistance circuit, is connected in series to form the first section of the pre-charging circuit.
  • This series arrangement increases the voltage rating of the capacitors in the pre-charge circuit 50, which, in the C_C switching configuration, are each associated with a switching module.
  • the presence of the shunt switches 79.1 and 79.2 in their closed state ensures the most direct possible current path in the pre-charge circuit for both the C_CH charging and C_PCH pre-charge configurations.
  • the pre-charge circuit thus formed with the shunt switches 79.1 and 79.2 in their closed state avoids the inductances 90.2 and 90.3 of at least some of the switching assistance circuits 70.2 and 70.3.
  • the 40.i switching modules do not need to incorporate a configuration switch in each switching assistance circuit. Indeed, this has been illustrated on the Fig. 15A the presence of a bypass circuit 80 identical to that of the embodiment of the Fig. 14A
  • the bypass circuit 80 extends in electrical parallel with the main circuit 34 between the first A primary point 44.1 and a bypass point 82 are arranged between the last secondary point 46.3 and the downstream point 38.
  • a bypass switch 84 Interposed in this bypass circuit 80 is a bypass switch 84 , which is closed in the pre-charge configuration C_PCH and open in the loading configuration C_CH, the isolation configuration C_ISOL, the breaking configuration C_C, and also in the conduction configuration C_COND.
  • the bypass circuit 80 allows, for the pre-charge configuration C_PCH, the pre-charge of the electrical conductor 21 of the downstream power transmission line, while maintaining the breaking assistance circuits 70.i with the lowest possible inductance.
  • the presence of the bypass circuit 80 allows the configuration switch 78 to be moved to the main line 34 between the last secondary point 46.3 and the bypass point 82.
  • the configuration switch 78 is closed in the conduction configuration C_COND, and in the breaking configuration C_C of the breaking device 28.
  • the configuration switch 78 is open in the charging configuration C_CH and pre-charging configuration C_PCH of the breaking device 28, to prevent the electrical conductor 21, connected to the downstream point 38, from discharging, particularly through the breaking assistance circuit 70.3.
  • the configuration switch 78 is open in the isolation configuration C_ISOL.
  • Fig. 16A an embodiment comprising several successive switching modules in the main circuit, all switching modules 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3 being identical to each other, and being analogous to what has been described in relation to the embodiment of the Fig. 11B , but the switching modules are assembled in a manner analogous to what has been described in relation to the Fig. 13A
  • all of the 70.i break assistance circuits are electrically arranged in series by correctly configuring certain configuration switches 78.i, isolation switches 77.i and shunt switches 79.i.
  • a configuration switch 78.i (here 78.1, 78.2, 78.3) is represented in the assistance circuit. break 70.i, between the controlled voltage source 92 i of the considered breaking module and the secondary point 46.i of the considered module.
  • this configuration switch 78.i therefore has the same location as its counterpart in the embodiment of the fig. 11B .
  • the isolation switch 77.2, 77.3 and the configuration switch 78.2, 78.3 of a given switching module delimit between themselves a segment of the switching assistance circuit which includes the following elements of this switching assistance circuit: the capacitor 54.2, 54.3, the controlled voltage stroke 92 i and the possible surge arrester 75.2, 75.3 which can be arranged across the terminals of the capacitor 54.2, 54.3.
  • the isolation switch 77.2, 77.3 and the configuration switch 78.i of a given switching module are in their closed state, so that the elements included in the segment can perform their switching assistance role.
  • shunt switches 79.1, 79.2 are shown which, for the usual configurations of conduction C_COND, breaking C_C and isolation C_ISOL, are in an open state and arranged so that, in the breaking configuration C_C of the breaking device, the breaking assistance circuits 70.i are, in their entirety, arranged electrically in series, successively between the first primary point 44.1 and the last secondary point 46.3, while remaining, considered individually, arranged in parallel with the breaking switch 42.i of the breaking module to which they belong.
  • the cut-off assist circuit 70.3 of the last cut-off module 40.3 comprises, successively and in that order from the last primary point 44.3, at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.3, a controlled voltage source 92.3, and a configuration switch 78.3, with a tap-off point 76 between the two in this last cut-off assist circuit 70.3.
  • the isolation switch n 77.2, 77.3 and the configuration switch 78.1, 78.2, 78.3 of a considered switching module are in their open state, to isolate the elements included in the segment from the main line 34.
  • the shunt switches 79.1, 79.2 are closed.
  • the capacitors 54.1, 54.2 and 54.3 which in the C_C cutoff configuration are each in a cutoff assistance circuit 70.i, are found, in the C_CH loading and C_PCH pre-charging configurations, arranged in series in the pre-charging circuit 50, between the first primary point 44.1 and ground 52.
  • the pre-charging circuit 50 includes a first section extending from the first primary point 44.1 to the tapping point 76, which includes at least one pre-charging capacitor for each of the switching assistance circuits of each of the switching modules.
  • the first section of the pre-charging circuit 50 also includes the controlled voltage source 92.1 of each of the break-assist circuits of each of the break modules. In this way, the pre-charging stage of conductor 21 can also be used to charge capacitors in the controlled voltage source, which is then operational for a subsequent break stage.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 includes a second section, separate from the various cut-off assistance circuits, which extends between the tapping point 76 and the ground 52 and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed.
  • the pre-charge resistor 56 is also in this second section which is separate from the various cut-off assistance circuits.
  • Fig. 17A We illustrated on the Fig. 17A an embodiment comprising several successive switching modules in the main circuit, all switching modules 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3 being identical to each other, and being analogous to what has been described in relation to the embodiment of the Fig. 12A , but the switching modules are assembled in a manner analogous to what has been described in relation to the Fig. 14A .
  • the switching device 28 comprises, interposed successively in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, a first switching module 40.1, an additional switching module 40.2, also referred to herein as the second switching module 40.2, and a final switching module 40.3.
  • Each switching module 40.1 includes a switching switch 42.1, interposed in the main circuit 34 between a primary point 44.1 and a secondary point 46.i of the main circuit 34 that are associated with the switching module 40.1. It is understood that each module is arranged such that the primary point of an additional module or of the final module is directly connected, and preferably electrically coincident, with the secondary point of the module preceding it in the upstream-downstream direction in the main circuit 34.
  • Each breaking module 40.i includes a breaking assistance circuit 70.1 implementing a capacitance 54.i and an inductance 90.i, and it will be seen that the breaking device 28 includes a pre-charge circuit 50 having at least as many pre-charge capacitors 54.i as the number of modules, and that each breaking assistance circuit 70.i includes at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.i of the pre-charge circuit.
  • the break-assist circuits are, in the C_C break configuration of the break device, electrically arranged in series, in their entirety, between the first primary point 44.1 and the last secondary point 46.3.
  • Each assist circuit includes at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.i, which is advantageously a pre-charge capacitor in the sense that it also belongs to the pre-charge circuit 50, and an activation switch 72.i.
  • each assistance circuit has an inductance 90.i between the activation switch 72.i and the secondary point of the considered cutoff module 40.i.
  • the cut-off assistance circuit 70.3 of the last cut-off module 40.3 comprises, successively and in this order from the last primary point 44.3, at least one pre-charge capacitor 54.3 and an activation switch 72.3, with a tap-off point 76 between the two in this last cut-off assistance circuit 70.3.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 comprises a first section extending from the first primary point 44.1 to the tapping point 41, which is common with the series of break-assist circuits, and which includes at least one pre-charge capacitor for each of the break-assist circuits of each of the break modules.
  • the pre-charge circuit 50 comprises a second section, separate from the various break-assist circuits, extending from the tapping point 76 to ground 52 , and in which the pre-charge switch 58 is interposed.
  • the disconnection modules do not need to incorporate a configuration switch in each reference disconnection assistance circuit as was envisaged in the embodiment of the Fig. 10A
  • a bypass circuit 80 and a configuration switch 78 in the main line 34 has been illustrated; for a description of these, please refer to the passage above with reference to the Fig. 14A .
  • the discharge of the pre-charge capacitor(s) is triggered.
  • This may, for example, be implemented in particular within the framework of the embodiments of Figures 9A , 10A , 13A And 14A where the pre-charge capacitor must be discharged to perform its role in the cut-off assistance function.
  • each of the switching modules of the embodiment considered includes a capacity which is implemented within the framework of the pre-charge process of the electrical conductor of the power transmission line by being inserted, at least for the charging and pre-charging configurations, into the pre-charging circuit.
  • the invention also covers the case of a switching device which, in addition to a switching module having a capacitance thus utilized, may include one or more complementary switches in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, which are not associated with a capacitance. Such switches may, for example, not include switching assistance circuits.
  • the invention also covers the case of a switching device which, in addition to a switching module having a capacitance thus utilized, may include one or more complementary switches in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, which are associated with a capacitance, for example a capacitor, but whose capacitance is not inserted into the pre-charging circuit for the charging and pre-charging configurations.
  • a switching device which, in addition to a switching module having a capacitance thus utilized, may include one or more complementary switches in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, which are associated with a capacitance, for example a capacitor, but whose capacitance is not inserted into the pre-charging circuit for the charging and pre-charging configurations.
  • switches will preferably be controlled between their open and closed states, for each of the respective embodiments, in the same way as the breaking switches as described with reference to the Figures 9A and following.
  • switches may be found in the main circuit 34 between the first primary point 44.1 and the downstream point 38, upstream of the first switching module 44.1, downstream of the last switching module 44.3, or between the first switching module 44.1 and the last switching module 44.3.
  • the last switching module should be interpreted as the last switching module associated with a capacitor that is inserted in the pre-charge circuit for the charging and pre-charging configurations.
  • the first switching module should be interpreted as the first switching module associated with a capacitor that is inserted in the pre-charge circuit for the charging and pre-charging configurations.
  • each of the embodiments described above allows for the implementation of a control method to ensure the re-closing of the switching device through which the overhead line is powered before being reconnected to the high-voltage direct current network, using the internal energy of the capacitor integrated into a switching device, in particular of This mechanical type of line avoids direct electrical connection to the high-voltage DC source 17, in order to limit disturbances induced in the HVCD network unit 12 and, more generally, to limit disturbances imposed on the high-voltage DC source 17.
  • the line is pre-charged using an auxiliary circuit, referred to above as the pre-charge circuit. This solution allows for multiple retries through controlled capacitor charging and enables the pre-charging of very long transmission lines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
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Claims (19)

  1. Trennvorrichtung (28) für elektrischen Strom unter hoher Gleichspannung, umfassend:
    - einen Hauptstromkreis (34), in dem in einer leitenden Konfiguration (C_COND) der Trennvorrichtung ein nomineller Gleichstrom fließt, wobei sich der Hauptstromkreis zwischen einem stromaufwärtigen Punkt (36), der dazu bestimmt ist, elektrisch mit einer Hochspannungsgleichstromquelle (17) verbunden zu werden, und einem stromabwärtigen Punkt (38), der dazu bestimmt ist, elektrisch mit einem Leiter (21) einer stromabwärtigen Stromleitung verbunden zu werden, erstreckt;
    - mindestens ein erstes Trennmodul (40.1), umfassend mindestens einen Trennschalter (42.1), der zwischen einem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) und einem ersten sekundären Punkt (46.1) des Hauptstromkreises in den Hauptstromkreis zwischengeschaltet ist, wobei sich der erste primäre Punkt und der erste sekundäre Punkt in dieser Reihenfolge in dem Hauptkreislauf zwischen dem stromaufwärtigen Punkt und dem stromabwärtigen Punkt befinden, und wobei der Trennschalter zwischen einem offenen Zustand und einem geschlossenen Zustand steuerbar ist, um jeweils einen offenen Zustand und einen geschlossenen Zustand des ersten Trennmoduls zu bestimmen,
    - einen Isolierschalter (48), der zwischen dem stromaufwärtigen Punkt und dem ersten primären Punkt in den Hauptstromkreis zwischengeschaltet ist, wobei der Isolierschalter zwischen einem offenen und einem geschlossenen Zustand steuerbar ist; die Trennvorrichtung (28) umfassend eine Vorladeschaltung (50), die sich zwischen dem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) und der Erde (52) erstreckt und mindestens einen Vorladekondensator (54, 54.1), mindestens einen Vorladewiderstand (56) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorladeschaltung einen Vorladeschalter (58) aufweist,
    dass die Trennvorrichtung mindestens Folgendes aufweist:
    - eine ladende Konfiguration (C_CH), in der Vorladeschalter (58) in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet, sodass der Vorladekondensator (54, 54.1), der Vorladewiderstand (56) und der Vorladeschalter (58) in der Vorladeschaltung (50) zwischen dem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) und der Erde alle elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet sind, während der erste primären Punkt (44.1) von dem stromabwärtigen Punkt (38) der Trennvorrichtung elektrisch isoliert ist, aber mit dem stromaufwärtigen Punkt (36) elektrisch verbunden ist, um das Laden des Vorladekondensators zu ermöglichen;
    - eine vorladende Konfiguration (C_PCH), in der der Vorladeschalter (58) in seinem geschlossenen Zustand ist, sodass der Vorladekondensator (54, 54.1), der Vorladewiderstand (56) und der Vorladeschalter (58) alle in der Vorladeschaltung (50) zwischen dem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) und der Erde (52) elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet sind, während der erste primäre Punkt (44.1) von dem stromaufwärtigen Punkt (36) der Trennvorrichtung (28) elektrisch isoliert ist, aber mit dem stromabwärtigen Punkt (38) elektrisch verbunden ist, um eine Entladung des Vorladekondensators (54, 54.1) in den Leiter (21) der stromabwärtigen Stromleitung zu ermöglichen;
    - eine isolierende Konfiguration (C_ISOL), in der der erste primäre Punkt (44.1) von dem stromaufwärtigen Punkt (36) isoliert ist, wobei der Isolierschalter (48) in seinem offenen Zustand ist, und von dem stromabwärtigen Punkt (38) isoliert ist, wobei der Trennschalter (42.1) in seinem offenen Zustand ist,
    und dass der Vorladeschalter (58) in der leitenden Konfiguration (C_COND) geöffnet ist, um den ersten primären Punkt (44.1) von der Erde zu isolieren, und der stromaufwärtige Punkt (36) durch den Hauptstromkreis (34) elektrisch mit dem stromabwärtigen Punkt verbunden ist, umfassend den Trennschalter (42.1) und den Isolierschalter (48) beide in ihrem geschlossenen Zustand.
  2. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Trennmodul (40.1) eine Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.1) umfasst, die sich elektrisch in Nebenschluss des Trennschalters (42.1) und des Hauptstromkreises (34) zwischen dem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) und dem ersten sekundären Punkt (46.1) des Hauptstromkreises (34) erstreckt, und dass die Trennvorrichtung (28) in einer trennenden Konfiguration (C_C) konfiguriert ist, sodass mindestens ein Vorladekondensator (54.1) der Vorladeschaltung (50) Teil der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.1) des ersten Trennmoduls (40.1) ist.
  3. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie stromabwärts von dem ersten Trennmoduls (40.1) in dem Hauptstromkreis (34) der Trennvorrichtung (28) Folgendes umfasst mindestens ein letztes Trennmodul (40.n), umfassend mindestens einen Trennschalter (42.n), der zwischen einem letzten primären Punkt (44.n) stromabwärts von dem ersten sekundären Punkt (46.1) und einem letzten sekundären Punkt (46.n) des Hauptstromkreises in den Hauptstromkreis (34) zwischengeschaltet ist, und wobei der Trennschalter (42.n) des letzten Trennmoduls (40.n) zwischen einem offenen Zustand und einem geschlossenen Zustand steuerbar ist, um jeweils einen offenen Zustand und einen geschlossenen Zustand des letzten Trennmoduls (40.n) zu bestimmen.
  4. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das letzte Trennmodul (40.n) eine Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.n) umfasst, die sich elektrisch in Nebenschluss von dem Trennschalter (42.n) des letzten Trennmoduls (40.n) und dem Hauptstromkreis zwischen dem letzten primären Punkt (44.n) und dem letzten sekundären Punkt (46.n) des Hauptstromkreises erstreckt, und dass die Trennvorrichtung (28) in einer trennenden Konfiguration (C_C) konfiguriert ist, sodass mindestens ein Vorladekondensator (54.n) der Vorladeschaltung (50) Teil der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.n) des letzten Trennmoduls (40.n) ist.
  5. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorladeschaltung (50) mindestens einen ersten Vorladekondensator (54.1) und mindestens einen zweiten Vorladekondensator (54.n) umfasst, und dass die Trennvorrichtung in der trennenden Konfiguration (C_C) konfiguriert ist, sodass der erste Vorladekondensator (54.1) Teil der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.1) des ersten Trennmoduls ist während der zweite Vorladekondensator (54.n) Teil der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.n) des letzten Trennmoduls (40.n) ist.
  6. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie in dem Hauptstromkreis (34) der Trennvorrichtung (28) zwischen dem ersten Trennmodul (40.1) und dem letzten Trennmodul (40.3) mindestens ein Zusatztrennmodul (40.2) umfasst, umfassend mindestens einen Trennschalter (42.2), der zwischen einem zusätzlichen primären Punkt (44.2), stromabwärts von dem ersten sekundären Punkt (46.1), und einem zusätzlichen sekundären Punkt (46.2) des Hauptstromkreises, stromaufwärts von dem letzten primären Punkt (44.3), in den Hauptstromkreis zwischengeschaltet ist, und wobei der Trennschalter (42.2) des Zusatztrennmoduls (40.2) zwischen einem offenen Zustand und einem geschlossenen Zustand steuerbar ist, um jeweils einen offenen Zustand und einen geschlossenen Zustand des Zusatztrennmoduls (40.2) zu bestimmen.
  7. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Zusatzschaltmodul (40.2) einen Schaltunterstützungsschaltkreis (70.2) umfasst, der sich elektrisch in Nebenschluss von dem Trennschalter (42.2) des betrachteten Zusatzschaltmoduls (40.2) und von dem Hauptschaltkreis (34) zwischen dem zusätzlichen primären (44.2) und sekundären (46.2) Punkt des Hauptschaltkreises, die dem betrachteten Zusatzschaltmodul (40.2) entsprechen, erstreckt, und dass die Trennvorrichtung (28) in einer trennenden Konfiguration (C_C) konfiguriert ist, sodass mindestens ein Vorladekondensator (54.2) der Vorladeschaltung (50) Teil der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.2) des Zusatztrennmoduls (40.2) ist.
  8. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennvorrichtung ein einziges Trennmodul (40.1) umfasst, dessen Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.1) nacheinander und in dieser Reihenfolge ab dem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) den mindestens einen Vorladekondensator (54.1) und einen Aktivierungsschalter (72.1) mit einem Abzweigpunkt (76) zwischen diesen beiden in der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.1) umfasst, dass die Vorladeschaltung (50) einen ersten Abschnitt umfasst, der mit der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.1) gemeinsam ist, der sich zwischen dem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) und dem Abzweigpunkt (76) erstreckt und der den mindestens einen Vorladekondensator (54.1) umfasst, und dass der Vorladeschaltkreis (50) einen zweiten, von der Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.1) getrennten Abschnitt aufweist, der sich zwischen dem Abzweigpunkt (76) und der Erde (52) erstreckt und in den der Vorladeschalter (58) zwischengeschaltet ist.
  9. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, genommen in Kombination mit den Ansprüchen 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennvorrichtung mindestens ein stromaufwärtiges Trennmodul (40.1) und ein stromabwärtiges Trennmodul (40.3) umfasst, deren Trennunterstützungsschaltungen (70.1, 70.3) in der trennenden Konfiguration (C_C) der Trennvorrichtung (28) elektrisch in Reihe angeordnet sind, dass die Trennunterstützungsschaltung (70.3) des stromabwärtigen Trennmoduls (40.3) nacheinander und in dieser Reihenfolge ab dem stromabwärtigen primären Punkt (44.3) den mindestens einen Vorladekondensator (54.3) und einen Aktivierungsschalter (72.3) mit einem Abzweigpunkt dazwischen in der Trennunterstützungsschaltung umfasst, dass die Vorladeschaltung einen ersten Abschnitt umfasst, der sich zwischen dem stromaufwärtigen primären Punkt (44.1) und dem Abzweigpunkt (76) erstreckt, der den Trennunterstützungsschaltung in Reihe gemeinsam ist und der den mindestens einen Vorladekondensator (54.1, 54.3) jeder der Trennunterstützungsschaltungen in Reihe umfasst, und dass der Vorladeschaltkreis (50) einen zweiten, von den Trennunterstützungsschaltungen getrennten Abschnitt aufweist, der sich zwischen dem Abzweigpunkt (76) und der Erde (52) erstreckt und in den der Vorladeschalter (58) zwischengeschaltet ist.
  10. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Bypass-Schaltung (80) umfasst, die sich elektrisch parallel zu de Hauptstromkreis (34) zwischen dem ersten primären Punkt (44.1) und einem Bypass-Punkt (82) erstreckt, der zwischen dem letzten sekundären Punkt (46.1, 46.n) und dem stromabwärtigen Punkt (38) angeordnet ist, und wobei ein Bypass-Schalter (84) zwischengeschaltet ist, der in der vorladenden Konfiguration (C_PCH) in einem geschlossenen Zustand und in der ladenden (C_CH), isolierenden (C_ISOL) und trennenden (C_C) Konfiguration in einem offenen Zustand ist.
  11. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Konfigurationsschalter (78) umfasst, der zwischen dem letzten sekundären Punkt (46.1, 46.3) und dem Bypass-Punkt (82) in dem Hauptstromkreis (34) angeordnet ist und der in der vorladenden (C_PCH) und ladenden (C_CH) Konfiguration in einem offenen Zustand und in der leitenden (C_COND) und trennenden (C_C) Konfiguration in einem geschlossenen Zustand ist.
  12. Stromtrennvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, genommen in Kombination mit den Ansprüchen 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens einen Nebenschlussschalter (79.1, 79.2) umfasst, der sich in der ladenden Konfiguration (C_CH) und in der vorladenden Konfiguration (C_PCH) in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet, um in der Vorladeschaltung (50) die Vorladekondensatoren (54.i), die zu den verschiedenen Trennmodulen (40.i) gehören, in Reihe zu verbinden.
  13. Elektrische Anlage (10), umfassend eine Hochspannungsgleichstromquelle (17), die elektrisch mit mindestens einem Freileitungsleiter (21) einer stromabwärtigen Stromleitung verbunden ist, umfassend eine Oberleitung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwischengeschaltet zwischen die Hochspannungsgleichstromquelle (17) und den Freileitungsleiter der stromabwärtigen elektrischen Leitung, umfassend eine Freileitung, eine Stromtrennvorrichtung (28) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche umfasst, die Hochspannungsgleichstromquelle (17) mit dem stromaufwärtigen Punkt (36) der Trennvorrichtung (28) verbunden ist, und der Oberleitungsleiter (21) an einem stromaufwärtigen Ende elektrisch mit dem stromabwärtigen Punkt (38) der Trennvorrichtung (28) verbunden ist.
  14. Steuerungsverfahren zum Schließen einer Stromtrennvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die Trennvorrichtung (28) anfänglich in der isolierenden Konfiguration (C_ISOL) ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens einen Vorladeschritt des Leiters umfasst, in dessen Verlauf die Trennvorrichtung (28) in ihre vorladende Konfiguration (C_PCH) gebracht wird, um einen Leiter (21) einer stromabwärtigen elektrischen Leitung stromabwärts des stromabwärtigen Punkts (38) unter Spannung zu setzen;
    und dass das Steuerungsverfahren beim Schließen während oder nach dem Vorladeschritt des Leiters mindestens einen Parameterbestimmungsschritt (143), umfassend eine Bestimmung mindestens eines Strom- oder Spannungsparameters in dem Hauptstromkreis (34) oder in der stromabwärtigen elektrischen Leitung, und einen Entscheidungsschritt (144),
    in dem abhängig von dem mindestens einen während des Parameterbestimmungsschritts bestimmten Parameter entschieden wird, ob das vollständige Schließen (160) der Stromtrennvorrichtung durch Übergang der Stromtrennvorrichtung in die leitende Konfiguration (C_COND) fortgesetzt wird oder nicht, umfasst.
  15. Steuerungsverfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Erreichen der leitenden Konfiguration (C_COND) der Vorladeschalter (58) vor dem Schließen des Trennschalters (42.i) und des Isolierschalters (48) geöffnet wird.
  16. Steuerungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn der Entscheidungsschritt (143) nicht positiv ist, das Verfahren, ohne die leitende Konfiguration (C_COND) der Trennvorrichtung (28) zu durchlaufen, mit einem Ladeschritt (180) des Vorladekondensators (54.i) bei dem die Trennvorrichtung (28) in die ladende Konfiguration (C_CH) gebracht wird, dann nacheinander durch einen neuen Vorladeschritt (C_PCH) des Leiters (21), einen neuen Parameterbestimmungsschritt (143) und einen neuen Entscheidungsschritt (144) gemäß einem Vorladezyklus fortgesetzt wird.
  17. Steuerungsverfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladeschritt (180) des Vorladekondensators (54.i) Folgendes umfasst:
    - Schließen des Isolierschalters (48) und Schließen des Vorladeschalters (58), um den Vorladekondensator (54.i) zu laden, wobei der Trennschalter (42.i) in seinem offenen Zustand gehalten wird;
    - nach dem Schließen des Vorladeschalters (58), erneutes Öffnen des Isolierschalters (48).
  18. Steuerungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach mindestens einem Vorladeschritt (141) des Leiters (21) das vollständige Schließen (160) der Stromtrennvorrichtung durch Übergang der Trennvorrichtung (28) in ihre Leitende Konfiguration (C_COND) fortgesetzt wird, wenn ein Spannungswert in der Hauptstromkreis (34) oder in der stromabwärtigen Stromleitung einen Schwellenwert überschreitet.
  19. Bewertungsverfahren der Integrität eines elektrischen Leiters (21) in einer Übertragungsleitung elektrischer Leistung in einer elektrischen Anlage (10), umfassend eine Hochspannungsgleichstrom-Hauptquelle (17), die elektrisch mit einem stromaufwärtigen Ende des elektrischen Leiters (21) verbunden ist, mit einer Trennvorrichtung (28) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Trennvorrichtung (28) als eine stromaufwärtige Stromtrennvorrichtung betrachtet wird, die zwischen der Hauptspannungsquelle (17) und dem elektrischen Leiter (21) angeordnet ist, und mit einem stromabwärtigen Ende des elektrischen Leiters, das mit einer weiteren elektrischen Trennvorrichtung (28) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche verbunden ist, wobei die andere Trennvorrichtung (28) als stromabwärtige Vorrichtung betrachtet wird, wobei der Beurteilungsprozess von der Art ist, bei der in einem Anfangszustand die stromaufwärtige Trennvorrichtung und die stromabwärtige Trennvorrichtung jeweils in einer isolierenden Konfiguration (C_ISOL) sind, sodass der elektrische Leiter (21) in dem Anfangszustand, außer bei einem elektrischen Fehler, der den elektrischen Leiter (21) beeinträchtigt, elektrisch von der Anlage (10) und der Umgebung isoliert ist, wobei der Beurteilungsprozess mindestens einen Vorladeschritt des Leiters (21) umfasst, bei dem eine Hilfsspannungsquelle, die sich hauptsächlich von der Spannungsquelle unterscheidet, mit dem Leiter (21) verbunden wird, um den elektrischen Leiter (21) unter Spannung zu setzen, während der Leiter (21) von der Hauptspannungsquelle und von dem Rest der elektrischen Anlage isoliert gehalten wird;
    der Beurteilungsprozess umfassend während oder nach dem Vorladeschritt des Leiters mindestens einen Parameterbestimmungsschritt, umfassend die Bestimmung mindestens eines Strom- oder Spannungsparameters in der stromabwärtigen elektrischen Leitung, und einen Beurteilungsschritt, in dem die Integrität des elektrischen Leiters (21) abhängig von dem mindestens einen Parameter, der während des Parameterbestimmungsschritts bestimmt wird, beurteilt wird.
EP21752085.7A 2020-08-05 2021-07-21 Stromunterbrechungsvorrichtung für elektrischen hochspannungsstrom, anlage mit einer solchen vorrichtung, steuerverfahren und verfahren zur bewertung der integrität eines elektrischen leiters Active EP4193376B1 (de)

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FR2008296A FR3113334B1 (fr) 2020-08-05 2020-08-05 Dispositif de coupure de courant pour courant électrique sous haute tension continue, installation avec un tel dispositif, procédé de pilotage, et processus d’évaluation de l’intégrité d’un conducteur électrique
PCT/FR2021/051359 WO2022029379A2 (fr) 2020-08-05 2021-07-21 Dispositif de coupure de courant pour courant électrique sous haute tension continue, installation avec un tel dispositif, procede de pilotage, et processus d'evaluation de l'integrite d'un conducteur electrique

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