EP4189765A2 - A system and method for generation and validation of puf identifier of a battery pack - Google Patents

A system and method for generation and validation of puf identifier of a battery pack

Info

Publication number
EP4189765A2
EP4189765A2 EP21749203.2A EP21749203A EP4189765A2 EP 4189765 A2 EP4189765 A2 EP 4189765A2 EP 21749203 A EP21749203 A EP 21749203A EP 4189765 A2 EP4189765 A2 EP 4189765A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery pack
puf
identifier
parameter
puf identifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21749203.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kannan VITTILAPURAM SUBRAMANIAN
Abhijit Madhukar Lele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Bosch Ltd
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Bosch Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, Bosch Ltd filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4189765A2 publication Critical patent/EP4189765A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4221—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells with battery type recognition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method for generation and validation of Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) identifier of a battery pack.
  • PAF Physical Unclonable Function
  • a battery pack or batteries which are used in electric vehicles need to be uniquely identified for the reasons mainly comprising detecting duplicate battery and battery pack replacement.
  • the original battery pack could be replaced by a duplicate, either intentionally or un intentionally.
  • Replacing the original with a duplicate can impact the overall performance of an electric vehicle (EV) and the battery management eco-system.
  • the charge / State of charge (SOC) / State of Health (SOH) of the battery is an important parameter that impacts the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of the EV or the energy eco-system. Any intentional or un-intentional replacement of the original battery pack impacts the overall TCO, and hence needs to be detected.
  • a patent literature US2018351753 discloses a system and device employing physical unclonable functions for tamper penalties.
  • One or more hardware identity circuits (which may be reconfigurable) may be employed in a device or system in order to impose a tampering penalty, preferably without relying on battery-backed volatile memory to do so.
  • the device or system may also include a cryptographic division and distribution ('sharing') of a secret internal to the device or system.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a system for generation and validation of PUF identifier of a battery pack, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a method for generating and validating the PUF identifier of the battery pack, according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a system for generation and validation of PUF identifier of a battery pack, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system 100 comprises at least one sensors 116 corresponding to a parameter of interest.
  • the system 100 further comprises a controller 102 connected to the at least one sensor 116.
  • the controller 102 adapted to measure signals of the at least one sensor 116 based on a stimulation given to the battery pack 110 corresponding/ with respect to the at least one parameter, and generate the PUF identifier 112 based on measured outputs from each stimulation.
  • the battery pack 110 is positioned/placed in a test environment/setup 104 formed with actuators 106.
  • the actuators 106 and sensors 116 are activated based on at least one parameter of interest.
  • the stimulation is either performed by the controller 102 or performed facilitated manually or both.
  • the interface 118 is shown through which energy is supplied and electronic communication is made.
  • the system 100 is used to identify physical characteristics of the battery or the battery pack 110 which are used as attributes of parameters in the computation of the Physically Uncloneable Function (PUF) identifier 112.
  • the PUF identifier 112 is used to identify the original battery pack 110 from the duplicate battery packs 110.
  • the PUF characteristics are used as a seed value to compute the PUF identifier 112 for the battery pack 110.
  • the PUF identifier 112 consist of inherently unclonable physical characteristics.
  • the PUF identifier 112 inherits the unclonability from the fact that the battery pack 110 consists of many random components due to manufacturing process. When a stimulus/ challenge is applied to the battery pack 110, a response is measured.
  • Such a pair of a stimulus C and a response R is called a challenge-response pair (CRP).
  • CRP challenge-response pair
  • the PUF is considered as a function, that maps challenges to responses, and a collection of such CRP is used to generate PUF identifier 112.
  • the PUF identifier 112 is then either saved in a memory of a control unit 108 of the battery pack 110 or attached as a tag on the battery pack 110.
  • the PUF identifier 112 shown in Fig. 1 is the tag.
  • the controller 102 compares the generated PUF identifier 112 with an original PUF identifier 112 to detect originality of the battery pack 110.
  • the battery pack 110 which needs to be checked for originality is subjected to similar process, and if the response is different, than a conclusion of duplicate battery or battery tampering is ascertained.
  • the PUF identifier 112 is generated based on at least one parameter selected from a group comprising a pressure drop across two sides 114 of the battery pack 110, a natural frequency of the battery pack 110, a heat pattern of the battery pack 110, an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of the battery pack 110, and an air leak rate of the battery pack 110.
  • OCV Open Circuit Voltage
  • the at least one parameters are measured in the test environment 104 followed by generation of the PUF identifier 112.
  • the pressure difference between two sides 114 is measured and denoted as pressure drop.
  • the controller 102 stimulates the battery pack 110, i.e. generates a challenge using “pressure drop” across air cooled battery pack 110 as a query using actuators 106 such as air circulation units, and measures the pressure drop in real-time and computes the difference in terms of mean / median / mode / generator functions / PDF between the mean pressure drop and the measured drop.
  • the pressure drop across the battery unit is the first parameter, D p .
  • a second parameter i.e. natural frequency of the battery pack 110 is discussed. Every physical object, depending on its composition has a natural frequency and the natural frequency is unique to that object. Even two very similar object have different natural frequency. The present invention uses this property to derive the second parameter.
  • the controller 102 uses the actuator 106 such as an electronic/mechanical tuning fork to excite the battery pack 110 and measures the resulting natural frequency. In a very simplistic view, the natural frequency is measured by striking the battery pack 110 and then measuring the resulting waves using the sensor 116 such as a piezo-electric sensor to the n th order of harmonics. The primary harmonic is called as the natural frequency.
  • the natural frequency is called an N f .
  • the heat pattern is a third parameter for the PUF identifier 112.
  • the location of heat pattern is a unique parameter of every battery pack 110.
  • the system 100 measures the location co-ordinates of the heat pattern of the battery pack 110, which exhibit unique heat patterns at that location. These heat patterns remain constant throughout the duration/ life of the battery pack 110.
  • the sensor 116 used for the measurement of the heat pattern is an Infra- Red (IR) sensor but not limited to the same, which enables the recording of the location and the temperature.
  • IR Infra- Red
  • the heat pattern is measured as a triple coordinate of (X,Y, t), where “X and Y” are the Euclidian co-ordinates and t is the measured temperature.
  • X and Y are the Euclidian co-ordinates and t is the measured temperature.
  • a fourth parameter is the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV), which as a function of SoC and Temperature remain invariant during the lifetime of the battery pack 110.
  • OCV Open Circuit Voltage
  • the system 100 uses OCV as a PUF parameter and derives the identity.
  • the sensor 116 used for measuring the OCV, i.e. O v is a voltmeter.
  • a fifth parameter is leak rate.
  • the battery pack 110 is a sealed pack, however at production time, there might be some leaks which are detected under controlled experimental conditions. Any tampering of the battery pack 110 alter these conditions and hence duplication is easily detectable.
  • the seal test is done using appropriate sensing methods and an appropriate seal chamber. The sealing chamber is filled with a test fluid and maintained at a pressure. The rate of decrease of pressure is recorded as leak rate L r .
  • the PUF identifier 112 is composed as a function of parameters, i.e. F [ D p , N f , (H x ,H y ,H z , 3 ⁇ 4), O v , L r )].
  • the function F follows a homorphic property.
  • the battery pack 110 is used in any one selected from a fuel vehicle, an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle.
  • the battery pack 110 is usable in other industry as well, such as home invertors, Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), computers, mobile phones, wearable devices and the like.
  • UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a method for generating and validating the PUF identifier for the battery pack, according to the present invention.
  • the method comprises the steps of, a step 202 comprises subjecting the battery pack 110 to the stimulation with respect to at least one parameter of interest.
  • a step 204 comprises measuring output for each of the stimulations using a corresponding at least one sensor 116.
  • a step 206 comprises generating the PUF identifier 112 based on measured outputs from each of the stimulations. The generated PUF identifier 112 is then either saved in the memory element of the control unit 108 or attached as a tag on the battery pack 110.
  • a step 208 comprises comparing the generated PUF identifier 112 with an original PUF identifier 112 and detecting originality of the battery pack 110 based on the comparison.
  • the battery pack 110 is subjected to the stimulations for generating the PUF identifiers 112 or response for each of the at least one parameter.
  • the PUF identifier 112 is generated based on at least one parameter selected from a group comprising the pressure drop between two sides 114 of the battery pack 110, the natural frequency of the battery pack 110, the heat pattern of the battery pack 110, the OCV of the battery pack 110, and the air leak rate of the battery pack 110. As explained in Fig. 1, for each of the parameter, a corresponding stimulation or challenge is given to the battery pack 110 and a corresponding response is measured using the corresponding sensors 116. The combination of the responses is used and processed to output the PUF identifier 112.
  • the battery pack 110 is characterized by the provision of the PUF identifier 112.
  • the battery pack 110 comprises plurality of cells arranged and connected to each other to provide a predetermined output, a circuit connected to the plurality of cells for controlling charging and discharging cycles, and a control unit 108 connected to the circuit and adapted to communicate with an external devices, such as the engine control module or the controller 102, etc.
  • the PUF identifier 112 in provided in any one of an electronic format and a physical format.
  • the electronic format signifies the PUF identifier 112 saved in a memory element of the controller 102
  • the physical format signifies the PUF identifier 112 is tagged on the external enclosure/housing of the battery pack 110.
  • the PUF identifier 112 is generated based on at least one parameter comprising the pressure drop between two sides 114 of the battery pack 110, the natural frequency of the battery pack 110, the heat pattern of the battery pack 110, the OCV of the battery pack 110, and the air leak rate of the battery pack 110.
  • the system 100 and method is provided for generating PUF identifier 112 for the battery pack 110 and for detecting originality of the battery pack 110.
  • the present invention discloses the system 100 that is capable to generate “challenges” as PUF queries and analyze the responses to these challenges in finite time, and create PUF identifier 112.
  • a method of operating the system 100 is also disclosed.
  • a response Ri to a challenge Ci
  • R j to a different challenge
  • the PUFs are tamper evident, which implies that when an attacker tries to investigate the PUF to obtain detailed information of its structure, the PUF characteristic of the battery pack 110 is destroyed. In other words, the PUF’s challenge - response behavior is changed substantially.
  • the tamper proof identity of the battery pack 110 is one of the key attributes. Also, the present invention enables the providers of PUF identifiers 112 a control point for easy orchestration of the services related to battery packs 110.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The system (100) comprises at least one sensors (116) corresponding to a parameter of interest. The system (100) further comprises a controller (102) connected to the at least one sensor (116). The controller (102) adapted to measure signals of the at least one sensor (116) based on a stimulation given to the battery pack (110) corresponding/ with respect to the at least one parameter, and generate the PUF identifier (112) based on measured outputs from each stimulation. The system (100) and method is provided for generating PUF identifier (112) for the battery pack (110) and for detecting originality of the battery pack (110). The present invention discloses the system (100) that is capable to generate "challenges" as PUF queries and analyze the responses to these challenges in finite time, and create PUF identifier (112). A method of operating the system (100) is also disclosed.

Description

Title of the Invention: A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATION AND VALIDATION OF PUF IDENTIFIER OF A BATTERY PACK
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present invention relates to a system and method for generation and validation of Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) identifier of a battery pack.
Background of the invention:
[0002] A battery pack or batteries which are used in electric vehicles need to be uniquely identified for the reasons mainly comprising detecting duplicate battery and battery pack replacement. In a battery swapping scenarios, it is likely that the original battery pack could be replaced by a duplicate, either intentionally or un intentionally. Replacing the original with a duplicate can impact the overall performance of an electric vehicle (EV) and the battery management eco-system. The charge / State of charge (SOC) / State of Health (SOH) of the battery, is an important parameter that impacts the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of the EV or the energy eco-system. Any intentional or un-intentional replacement of the original battery pack impacts the overall TCO, and hence needs to be detected.
[0003] A patent literature US2018351753 discloses a system and device employing physical unclonable functions for tamper penalties. One or more hardware identity circuits (which may be reconfigurable) may be employed in a device or system in order to impose a tampering penalty, preferably without relying on battery-backed volatile memory to do so. The device or system may also include a cryptographic division and distribution ('sharing') of a secret internal to the device or system.
Brief description of the accompanying drawings:
[0004] An embodiment of the disclosure is described with reference to the following accompanying drawing,
[0005] Fig. 1 illustrates a system for generation and validation of PUF identifier of a battery pack, according to an embodiment of the present invention, and [0006] Fig. 2 illustrates a method for generating and validating the PUF identifier of the battery pack, according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the embodiments:
[0007] Fig. 1 illustrates a system for generation and validation of PUF identifier of a battery pack, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system 100 comprises at least one sensors 116 corresponding to a parameter of interest. The system 100 further comprises a controller 102 connected to the at least one sensor 116. The controller 102 adapted to measure signals of the at least one sensor 116 based on a stimulation given to the battery pack 110 corresponding/ with respect to the at least one parameter, and generate the PUF identifier 112 based on measured outputs from each stimulation. The battery pack 110 is positioned/placed in a test environment/setup 104 formed with actuators 106. The actuators 106 and sensors 116 are activated based on at least one parameter of interest. The stimulation is either performed by the controller 102 or performed facilitated manually or both. The interface 118 is shown through which energy is supplied and electronic communication is made.
[0008] The system 100 is used to identify physical characteristics of the battery or the battery pack 110 which are used as attributes of parameters in the computation of the Physically Uncloneable Function (PUF) identifier 112. The PUF identifier 112 is used to identify the original battery pack 110 from the duplicate battery packs 110. The PUF characteristics are used as a seed value to compute the PUF identifier 112 for the battery pack 110. The PUF identifier 112 consist of inherently unclonable physical characteristics. The PUF identifier 112 inherits the unclonability from the fact that the battery pack 110 consists of many random components due to manufacturing process. When a stimulus/ challenge is applied to the battery pack 110, a response is measured. Such a pair of a stimulus C and a response R is called a challenge-response pair (CRP). In particular, the PUF is considered as a function, that maps challenges to responses, and a collection of such CRP is used to generate PUF identifier 112. The PUF identifier 112 is then either saved in a memory of a control unit 108 of the battery pack 110 or attached as a tag on the battery pack 110. The PUF identifier 112 shown in Fig. 1 is the tag.
[0009] The controller 102 compares the generated PUF identifier 112 with an original PUF identifier 112 to detect originality of the battery pack 110. The battery pack 110 which needs to be checked for originality is subjected to similar process, and if the response is different, than a conclusion of duplicate battery or battery tampering is ascertained.
[0010] In accordance to an embodiment of the present invention, the PUF identifier 112 is generated based on at least one parameter selected from a group comprising a pressure drop across two sides 114 of the battery pack 110, a natural frequency of the battery pack 110, a heat pattern of the battery pack 110, an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of the battery pack 110, and an air leak rate of the battery pack 110. At the time of manufacturing or before using the battery packs 110, the at least one parameters are measured in the test environment 104 followed by generation of the PUF identifier 112.
[0011] Now, a first parameter as the pressure drop is discussed. Consider the battery pack 110 to be cooled by a fluid, such as air. In its simplest form, the pressure drop over a uniform cross section of the battery pack 110 (i.e. when the battery pack 110 enclosure does not have cells and other electronics populated) is known to be measured using equation derived from Poiseuille's law, but not limited thereto. However, in a realistic scenario, once the battery pack 110 enclosure is populated with cells and other electronics, the air flow becomes turbulent and not viscous. The flow is called turbulent, when the Renault number Rd >= 2000. The complete mathematical treatment of measure the pressure difference is not disclosed as the same is known in the art. Within the battery pack 110, the pressure difference between two sides 114 is measured and denoted as pressure drop. [0012] The controller 102 stimulates the battery pack 110, i.e. generates a challenge using “pressure drop” across air cooled battery pack 110 as a query using actuators 106 such as air circulation units, and measures the pressure drop in real-time and computes the difference in terms of mean / median / mode / generator functions / PDF between the mean pressure drop and the measured drop. In this case the pressure drop across the battery unit is the first parameter, Dp.
[0013] A second parameter i.e. natural frequency of the battery pack 110 is discussed. Every physical object, depending on its composition has a natural frequency and the natural frequency is unique to that object. Even two very similar object have different natural frequency. The present invention uses this property to derive the second parameter. The controller 102 uses the actuator 106 such as an electronic/mechanical tuning fork to excite the battery pack 110 and measures the resulting natural frequency. In a very simplistic view, the natural frequency is measured by striking the battery pack 110 and then measuring the resulting waves using the sensor 116 such as a piezo-electric sensor to the nth order of harmonics. The primary harmonic is called as the natural frequency. The natural frequency is called an Nf.
[0014] The heat pattern is a third parameter for the PUF identifier 112. The location of heat pattern (isometric curves of heat vs. location) is a unique parameter of every battery pack 110. The system 100 measures the location co-ordinates of the heat pattern of the battery pack 110, which exhibit unique heat patterns at that location. These heat patterns remain constant throughout the duration/ life of the battery pack 110. Further, the sensor 116 used for the measurement of the heat pattern is an Infra- Red (IR) sensor but not limited to the same, which enables the recording of the location and the temperature. The entire area of the battery pack 110 is scanned using a calibrated IR sensor. The location is measured using one corner of the battery pack 110 as a reference. The heat pattern is measured as a triple coordinate of (X,Y, t), where “X and Y” are the Euclidian co-ordinates and t is the measured temperature. Once the measurement is complete, the “hottest spot” (Hx, Hy, Ht) is taken, where Hx and Hy are the x,y coordinates and Ht is the temperature.
[0015] A fourth parameter is the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV), which as a function of SoC and Temperature remain invariant during the lifetime of the battery pack 110. The system 100 uses OCV as a PUF parameter and derives the identity. The sensor 116 used for measuring the OCV, i.e. Ov is a voltmeter.
[0016] A fifth parameter is leak rate. The battery pack 110 is a sealed pack, however at production time, there might be some leaks which are detected under controlled experimental conditions. Any tampering of the battery pack 110 alter these conditions and hence duplication is easily detectable. The seal test is done using appropriate sensing methods and an appropriate seal chamber. The sealing chamber is filled with a test fluid and maintained at a pressure. The rate of decrease of pressure is recorded as leak rate Lr.
[0017] The PUF identifier 112 is composed as a function of parameters, i.e. F [ Dp, Nf, (Hx,Hy,Hz, ¾), Ov, Lr)]. The function F follows a homorphic property.
[0018] The battery pack 110 is used in any one selected from a fuel vehicle, an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle. Alternatively, the battery pack 110 is usable in other industry as well, such as home invertors, Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), computers, mobile phones, wearable devices and the like.
[0019] Fig. 2 illustrates a method for generating and validating the PUF identifier for the battery pack, according to the present invention. The method comprises the steps of, a step 202 comprises subjecting the battery pack 110 to the stimulation with respect to at least one parameter of interest. A step 204 comprises measuring output for each of the stimulations using a corresponding at least one sensor 116. A step 206 comprises generating the PUF identifier 112 based on measured outputs from each of the stimulations. The generated PUF identifier 112 is then either saved in the memory element of the control unit 108 or attached as a tag on the battery pack 110.
[0020] If the battery pack 110 needs validation, then a step 208 comprises comparing the generated PUF identifier 112 with an original PUF identifier 112 and detecting originality of the battery pack 110 based on the comparison. The battery pack 110 is subjected to the stimulations for generating the PUF identifiers 112 or response for each of the at least one parameter.
[0021] The PUF identifier 112 is generated based on at least one parameter selected from a group comprising the pressure drop between two sides 114 of the battery pack 110, the natural frequency of the battery pack 110, the heat pattern of the battery pack 110, the OCV of the battery pack 110, and the air leak rate of the battery pack 110. As explained in Fig. 1, for each of the parameter, a corresponding stimulation or challenge is given to the battery pack 110 and a corresponding response is measured using the corresponding sensors 116. The combination of the responses is used and processed to output the PUF identifier 112.
[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery pack 110 is characterized by the provision of the PUF identifier 112. The battery pack 110 comprises plurality of cells arranged and connected to each other to provide a predetermined output, a circuit connected to the plurality of cells for controlling charging and discharging cycles, and a control unit 108 connected to the circuit and adapted to communicate with an external devices, such as the engine control module or the controller 102, etc.
[0023] The PUF identifier 112 in provided in any one of an electronic format and a physical format. The electronic format signifies the PUF identifier 112 saved in a memory element of the controller 102, and the physical format signifies the PUF identifier 112 is tagged on the external enclosure/housing of the battery pack 110. Further, the PUF identifier 112 is generated based on at least one parameter comprising the pressure drop between two sides 114 of the battery pack 110, the natural frequency of the battery pack 110, the heat pattern of the battery pack 110, the OCV of the battery pack 110, and the air leak rate of the battery pack 110.
[0024] According to the present invention, the system 100 and method is provided for generating PUF identifier 112 for the battery pack 110 and for detecting originality of the battery pack 110. In the context of the above definition of PUF identifier 112, the present invention discloses the system 100 that is capable to generate “challenges” as PUF queries and analyze the responses to these challenges in finite time, and create PUF identifier 112. A method of operating the system 100 is also disclosed. In general, a response Ri (to a challenge Ci) gives only a negligible amount of information on another response Rj (to a different challenge ). Without having the corresponding PUF identifier 112 at hand, it is impossible to come up with the response Ri corresponding to a challenge Ci. Finally, the PUFs are tamper evident, which implies that when an attacker tries to investigate the PUF to obtain detailed information of its structure, the PUF characteristic of the battery pack 110 is destroyed. In other words, the PUF’s challenge - response behavior is changed substantially. The tamper proof identity of the battery pack 110 is one of the key attributes. Also, the present invention enables the providers of PUF identifiers 112 a control point for easy orchestration of the services related to battery packs 110.
[0025] It should be understood that embodiments explained in the description above are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of this invention. Many such embodiments and other modifications and changes in the embodiment explained in the description are envisaged. The scope of the invention is only limited by the scope of the claims.

Claims

We claim:
1. A system (100) for generation and validation of Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) identifier (112) of a battery pack (110), said system (100) comprises: at least one sensor (116) corresponding to a parameter of interest, and a controller (102) connected to said at least one sensor (116), said controller (102) adapted to: measure signals of said at least one sensor (116) based on a stimulation given to said battery pack (110) with respect to said at least one parameter, and generate said PUF identifier (112) based on measured outputs from each stimulation.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said controller (102) compares said generated PUF identifier (112) with an original PUF identifier (112) to detect originality of said battery pack (110).
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said PUF identifier (112) is generated based on at least one parameter selected from a group comprising a pressure difference between two sides (114) of said battery pack (110), a natural frequency of said battery pack (110), a heat pattern of said battery pack (110), an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of said battery pack (110), and an air leak rate of said battery pack (110).
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said battery pack (110) is used in any one selected from a fuel vehicle, an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle.
5. A method of generating and validating Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) identifier (112) for a battery pack (110), said method comprising the steps of: subjecting said battery pack (110) to a stimulation with respect to at least one parameter of interest; measuring output for each of said stimulation using at least one sensor (116), and generating said PUF identifier (112) based on measured outputs from each of said stimulations.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, comprises comparing said generated PUF identifier (112) with an original PUF identifier (112) and detecting originality of said battery pack (110) based on said comparison.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said PUF identifier (112) is generated based on at least one parameter selected from a group comprising a pressure drop between two sides (114) of said battery pack (110), a natural frequency of said battery pack (110), a heat pattern of said battery pack (110), an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of said battery pack (110), and an air leak rate of said battery pack (110).
8. A battery pack (110), comprising plurality of cells arranged and connected to each other to provide a predetermined output; a circuit connected to said plurality of cells for controlling charging and discharging cycles, and a control unit (108) connected to said circuit and adapted to communicate with an external device, characterized in that, said battery pack (110) comprises a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) identifier (112).
9. The battery pack (110) as claimed in claim 8, wherein said PUF identifier (112) in provided in any one of an electronic format and a physical format, wherein said electronic format signifies said PUF identifier (112) saved in a memory element of said control unit (108), and said physical format signifies said PUF identifier (112) tagged on an external housing of said battery pack (110).
10. The battery pack (110) as claimed in claim 8, wherein said PUF identifier (112) is generated based on at least one parameter comprising a pressure drop between two sides (114) of said battery pack (110), a natural frequency of said battery pack (110), a heat pattern of said battery pack (110), an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of said battery pack (110), and an air leak rate of said battery pack (110).
EP21749203.2A 2020-07-27 2021-07-26 A system and method for generation and validation of puf identifier of a battery pack Withdrawn EP4189765A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN202041031993 2020-07-27
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US10938580B2 (en) 2017-06-06 2021-03-02 Analog Devices, Inc. System and device employing physical unclonable functions for tamper penalties
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