EP4189717B1 - Sicherung und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Sicherung und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4189717B1
EP4189717B1 EP21751797.8A EP21751797A EP4189717B1 EP 4189717 B1 EP4189717 B1 EP 4189717B1 EP 21751797 A EP21751797 A EP 21751797A EP 4189717 B1 EP4189717 B1 EP 4189717B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
arc
guards
blade
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21751797.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4189717A1 (de
EP4189717C0 (de
Inventor
Laurent MILLIERE
Franck Sarrus
Jean-François De Palma
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Mersen France SB SAS
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Mersen France SB SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4189717A1 publication Critical patent/EP4189717A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4189717C0 publication Critical patent/EP4189717C0/de
Publication of EP4189717B1 publication Critical patent/EP4189717B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H69/00—Apparatus or processes for the manufacture of emergency protective devices
    • H01H69/02—Manufacture of fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H01H85/10—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with constriction for localised fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H01H2085/381—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc with insulating body insertable between the end contacts of the fusible element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H01H2085/388—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc using special materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • H01H85/175—Casings characterised by the casing shape or form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuse and an associated manufacturing method.
  • a fuse is an electrical component comprising two terminals and allowing, in the event of an overcurrent beyond a limit called the fuse rating, to interrupt the circulation of electric current between the two terminals.
  • the two terminals are fixed to an insulating body and are electrically connected to each other via at least one fuse blade, arranged within a cavity formed in the insulating body.
  • One or more fuse blades can be connected in parallel to the two terminals depending on the size of the fuse. What is described for a fuse blade can be transposed to other fuse blades when there are several.
  • a fuse blade is made of a conductive material having a given electrical resistance and a given melting temperature. In normal operation, the current passes through the fuse blade and the temperature of the fuse blade remains below the melting temperature. In the event of an overcurrent, the temperature of the fuse blade increases and exceeds the melting temperature at one or more points of the fuse blade, which melts at least partially, and the flow of current is irreversibly cut off.
  • the fuse blade includes, between the connections with the two poles, at least one intermediate portion having a reduced surface section. Such an intermediate portion is called a “reduced section”. Each reduced section offers greater resistance to the passage of current than the rest of the blade. As the intensity of the current flowing through the blade increases, the temperature of each reduced section increases more than the temperature of the rest of the blade. In the event of overcurrent, the blade melts preferably at a reduced section.
  • the electric arc defined as a plasma state of the material, causes strong localized heating which promotes the melting of the fuse blade. With the thermal and electrical conditions, this change in state of the material of the fuse blade in turn promotes the maintenance and lengthening of the electric arc.
  • arc guards made of elastic material on the fuse blade in order to limit the propagation of the arc.
  • silicone is applied to the fuse blade in a paste state, then several hours of waiting are necessary for the silicone to crosslink and harden completely. With this process, the geometry of the arc guards thus produced is approximate. Waiting times slow down production and often harmful solvents evaporate.
  • WO-2016/064352-A1 describes, for example, placing silicone barriers on the fuse blade, without detailing the method of application.
  • the invention aims to remedy in particular, by proposing a fuse offering better performance and easier to assemble.
  • a layer of adhesive is interposed between the fuse blade and an internal face of each arc arrester of this pair, the internal face being oriented towards one of the main faces of the fuse blade, so as to fix each arc arrester on the fuse blade.
  • the arc guards are easy to assemble to the fuse blade, which is a source of time savings during manufacturing. The risk of damage during assembly is reduced.
  • the method comprises a step, prior to the bonding step, consisting of providing in the fuse blade at least one perforation on each side of the transverse plane, while during the bonding step, the arc guards of the first pair are glued to the fuse blade so that each perforation is at least partly blocked by the arc guards.
  • a fuse 2 is shown on the figure 1 .
  • the fuse 2 comprises a body 20, shown schematically in dotted lines, and two connection terminals 22.
  • the body 20 is made of an insulating material, for example ceramic.
  • the body 20 generally has the shape of an elongated cylinder defining a longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2.
  • the body 20 has a parallelepiped shape, that is to say that the body 20 is a cylinder of rectangular section .
  • the body 20 has an elliptical or even circular section.
  • We define a transverse direction as being a direction orthogonal to the axis A2.
  • a transverse plane of fuse 2 is thus a plane orthogonal to axis A2.
  • the terminals 22 are arranged on two respective faces of the body 20, opposite and orthogonal to the axis A2.
  • Each terminal 22 has the shape of a cylinder of oval section and a generator parallel to the axis A2.
  • An oblong hole 24 is provided through each terminal 22.
  • Each terminal 22 comprises a plate 26, intended for assembling the fuse 2 to a fuse holder, not shown.
  • the body 20 of the fuse 2 comprises a cavity V20, in which fuse blades 4 are housed.
  • Each fuse blade 4 comprises two opposite attachment ends 40, each end 40 being connected to one of the terminals 22.
  • the fuse blades 4 are thus electrically connected in parallel to terminals 22. In other words, each terminal 22 is connected to one of the respective attachment ends 40 of each fuse blade 4.
  • fuse blades 4 There are four fuse blades 4 here, this number may vary depending on the size of the fuse 2, in particular depending on the voltage and the amperage for which the fuse 2 is designed.
  • the fuse blades 4 advantageously have the same structure and operate in the same way.
  • the fuse blades 4 of fuse 2 are preferably identical. What is explained for a fuse blade 4 can be transposed to other fuse blades 4.
  • the fuse blades 4 are elements made of a conductive material, which has an electrical resistance and a melting temperature.
  • the material of the fuse blades 4 is preferably metallic, for example silver, denoted Ag.
  • Each fuse blade 4 here has the shape of an elongated rectangle, the long sides of which are arranged parallel to the axis A2.
  • Each fuse blade 4 has a constant width, measured transversely to the axis A2.
  • Each fuse blade 4 here has a symmetrical shape with respect to a transverse plane P4 and is formed in a sheet, which has two opposite main faces, which extend along the longitudinal axis A2 and which include flat portions separated by folds transverse 42.
  • the planar portions of the same fuse blade 4 are located in the same average plane, the average planes of each fuse blades 4 being parallel to each other and defining a main axis denoted A4.
  • Axis A4 is an axis transverse to axis A2.
  • the planar portions of the same fuse blade 4 are not all located in the same average plane.
  • each fuse blade 4 comprises an intermediate portion between the two attachment ends 40 in which a reduced section 46 is provided.
  • Each fuse blade 4 has, at each reduced section 46, an electrical resistance greater than the electrical resistance elsewhere than at the reduced sections 46.
  • the fuse blade 4 presents , at the level of the reduced sections 46, localized heating.
  • the melting of the material of the fuse blade 4 occurs preferentially at the level of the reduced sections 46.
  • each fuse blade 4 has several types of reduced sections 46, the holes 44 having for example different diameters depending on the reduced section 46 considered.
  • certain reduced sections 46 are likely to melt more quickly than others.
  • the fuse blade 4 comprises a single type of reduced section 46, its response curve “cutting time / cutting intensity” presents a given appearance.
  • the fuse 2 also comprises an armature 48, which is received in the cavity V20 of the body 20.
  • the armature 48 is not essential to the implementation of the invention described in the present description, but contributes to its implementation.
  • the armature 48 serves, among other things, for assembling the body 20 to the rest of the fuse 2 and for maintaining the fuse blades 4, for example to protect them during the manufacture of the fuse 2.
  • the fuse blades 4 are in fact very thin and flexible, the fuse blades 4 being able to have thicknesses of the order of 0.1 mm or even less.
  • the frame 48 is made of an insulating material, preferably rigid, for example a synthetic material, possibly reinforced with inorganic fibers such as glass fibers.
  • the frame 48 is made of polyimide - also denoted PI -, polyetheretherketone - also denoted PEEK -, polytetrafluoroethylene - also denoted PTFE -, polyamide - also denoted PA -, silicone or polyphenylsulfone - also noted PPSU -.
  • the frame 48 comprises two side panels 50, located facing each other and connected to each other by spacers 52.
  • the structure of the frame 48 is not not limiting.
  • Each panel 50 includes, on one side facing the other panel 50, notches 54 for holding the fuse strips 4.
  • the spacers 52 are shown in section, while the side panels 50 are not shown.
  • the spacers 52 are here grouped into two stacks 56 of five spacers 52 each, each stack 56 here being located in the vicinity of the attachment ends 40 of the fuse blades 4.
  • a fuse blade 4 is thus held, by pinching, between two spacers 52 neighboring, while the two spacers 52 located at the ends of each stack 56 are supported on the body 20, on the interior side of the cavity V20.
  • the spacers 52 limit the amplitude of movements of the fuse blades 4 relative to the rest of the fuse 2.
  • the cavity 20 is generally filled with a powder serving to absorb part of the energy of the electric arc appearing in the event of overcurrent, contributing faster extinguishing of the arc and faster interruption of the electric current.
  • a powder is preferably in the form of micrometric particles and is for example silica sand.
  • one of the reduced sections 46 of each fuse blade 4, referenced 46A is arranged astride a transverse plane coincident with the transverse plane P4.
  • the reduced section 46A knowing that what is valid for the reduced section 46A is generally transposable to the other reduced sections 46.
  • Arc guards 6, visible in section on the figure 2 and on a larger scale in perspective on the Figure 3 are arranged in the vicinity of each reduced section 46A.
  • four arc arresters 6 are arranged, on the one hand, symmetrically with respect to the transverse plane P4 and, on the other hand, symmetrically with respect to the fuse blade 4.
  • Two arc arresters 6 located on the same side of the transverse plane P4 thus form a pair 60 of arc guards 6, the arc guards 6 of the same pair 60 being each located facing one another on a respective main face of the same fuse blade 4.
  • the two pairs 60 of arc guards 6 are separated from each other by a single reduced section 46A.
  • two pairs 60 of arc guards 6 are separated by several reduced sections 46 or 46A.
  • Arc guards 6 have similar shapes and function in the same way.
  • the arc guards 6 of the same pair 60 are preferably identical.
  • the arc guards 6, also called “ arc suppressors ” in English, are made of a preformed polymer material, that is to say a material already crosslinked.
  • the material of the arc guards 6 is an elastic material, that is to say a material capable of deforming under the effect of mechanical stress and returning to its initial shape in the absence of stress.
  • the arc guards 6 are made of an elastomeric material.
  • the elastomeric material of the arc guards 6 is for example polysiloxane, also known as silicone - also denoted " silicone " in English -.
  • An already crosslinked silicone material is a solid material which has a defined shape and can be easily manipulated, in particular can be cut and/or machined to reduced dimensional tolerances, whereas a non-crosslinked silicone material is generally in the form of a dough, which does not have a defined shape.
  • the fuse 2 also includes shims 58, which are connected to the fuse blades 4 or to the arc arresters 6 so as to be immobilized in relation to the fuse blades 4, in particular during assembly or handling of the fuse 2.
  • shims 58 which are connected to the fuse blades 4 or to the arc arresters 6 so as to be immobilized in relation to the fuse blades 4, in particular during assembly or handling of the fuse 2.
  • the wedges 58 also make it possible to immobilize the fuse blades 4 in relation to the armature 48 when it is present and/or in relation to the body 20 when the fuse 2 is fully assembled.
  • some of the wedges 58 cooperate with the notches 54, or with other shapes or machining, not shown, which are provided in the frame 48, so as to limit the movements of the blades fuses 4 relative to the armature 48.
  • the armature 48 limits the movements of the fuse blades 4 via the spacers 52 and/or the shims 58.
  • the wedges 58 each have a parallelepiped shape.
  • the wedges 58 are made of a material identical to the material of the arc guards 6, for example of an already crosslinked elastomer material such as silicone.
  • the wedges 58 and the arc guards 6 are represented schematically. In particular, the proportions between the dimensions of the arc guards 6 and the wedges 58 are not limiting.
  • the reduced sections 46A of the fuse blades 4 are aligned on the transverse plane P4, and the arc arresters 6 are arranged on either side of the transverse plane P4.
  • Some of the wedges 58, located in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A, are interposed between two arc guards 6 located on the same side of the transverse plane P4 and belonging respectively to two neighboring fuse strips 4.
  • the wedges 58 are fixed to the fuse blades 4 or to the arc arresters 6 by gluing, that is to say in a manner analogous to the manner, described later in the present description, of which the arc arresters 6 are attached to the fuse blades 4.
  • this wedge 58 is integral with this arc guard 6.
  • Such an arc guard 6 contributes, on the one hand, to the extinction of the arc and, on the other hand, to maintain the fuse blades 4.
  • shims 58 are slightly compressed in the direction of axis A4.
  • the arc guards 6 are slightly compressed in the direction of the axis A4 via the wedges 58.
  • Each arc guard 6 here has an elongated parallelepiped shape and is arranged in its length parallel to the reduced section 46A, the length of each arc guard 6 here being equal to the width of the fuse blade 4.
  • each arc arrester 6 has a length greater than the width of the fuse blade 4.
  • Each arc arrester 6 has a front face 62, which is oriented towards the reduced section 46A in the vicinity of which this arc arrester 6 is located, and a rear face 64, opposite the front face 62, in other words oriented opposite the reduced section 46A.
  • a length L6 is defined as being a length separating the front face 62 from the rear face 64.
  • Each arc guard 6 has an internal face 66 which is oriented towards a main face of the fuse blade 4, and an external face 68 which is oriented opposite the internal face 66.
  • a thickness L7 of an arc guard is defined. -arc 6 as being a distance separating the internal face 66 from the external face 68.
  • Two boundary lines 70 of the reduced section 46A are defined as being two lines parallel to the transverse plane P4, located on either side of the plane P4 and containing the reduced section 46A, the two boundary lines 70 each being tangent to at least one holes 44 of the reduced section 46A.
  • Each boundary line 70 is therefore located between the reduced section 46A and the front face 62 of the neighboring arc guards 6.
  • the holes 44 of the reduced section 46A are all aligned and have the same diameter, thus the boundary lines 70 are tangent to all the holes 44 of the reduced section 46A.
  • a distance L8 is defined between this arc guard 6 and the reduced section 46A located opposite as being a distance, measured parallel to the axis A2, between the front face 62 of this arc guard 6 and the closest to the border lines 70 of the reduced section 46A opposite.
  • each arc arrester 6 a layer of adhesive 72 is interposed between the internal face 66 and the face of the fuse blade 4 located opposite, so as to fix this arc arrester 6 on the fuse blade 4.
  • each arc guard 6 is glued to the fuse blade 4.
  • each internal face 66 is preferably flat.
  • Each layer of adhesive 72 is preferably a thin layer, that is to say having a thickness of between 10 ⁇ m and 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm.
  • Each layer of adhesive 72 is preferably uniform, that is to say that the layer of adhesive 72 has a constant thickness over the entire internal face 66.
  • the layer of adhesive 72 is applied directly to the fuse blade 4, the arc arrester 6 then being positioned on the fuse blade 4 then placed to rest while being held immobile to give the adhesive time to harden .
  • the internal face 66 of an arc guard 6 is pre-glued, that is to say that the layer of adhesive 72 is applied directly to the internal face 66 of an arc guard 6.
  • the pre-glued arc 6 is then positioned on the fuse blade 4 then placed to rest while being held immobile, for example by means of a device such as a holding clip, to give the adhesive time to harden.
  • the holding clamp is not shown.
  • the attachment of arc arrester 6 to the surface of the fuse strip 4 can be instantaneous.
  • instantaneous we mean that the hardening of the adhesive layer 72 only takes a few seconds, for example less than 10 seconds, which is very short compared to the crosslinking time of a non-crosslinked silicone material.
  • the adhesive layer 72 is applied for example by spraying.
  • the adhesive layer 72 is a so-called “double-sided” adhesive, that is to say that the adhesive layer comprises a substrate such as a sheet, made of paper or insulating polymer, having two sides coated with a respective adhesive film.
  • double-sided adhesive allows for easier assembly of fuse 2.
  • a fuse 2 heats up because of the electric current passing through it, and this fuse 2 can have a temperature greater than 100°C, for example between 150°C and 200°C, and this during several months or even several years.
  • the adhesive used to attach the arc guards 6 to the fuse blade 4 is selected to withstand these operating conditions. On the other hand, when fuse 2 melts and an electric arc appears, the adhesive may be exposed to an electric arc. The adhesive is selected not to cause an exothermic reaction when subjected to an electric arc.
  • the adhesive is an inorganic adhesive, such as a silicone adhesive, or an organic adhesive, such as a cyanoacrylate glue, an epoxy glue, or even a vinyl or acrylic glue. , or aliphatic, or polyurethane, or neoprene, etc.
  • an inorganic adhesive such as a silicone adhesive
  • an organic adhesive such as a cyanoacrylate glue, an epoxy glue, or even a vinyl or acrylic glue. , or aliphatic, or polyurethane, or neoprene, etc.
  • surface activation may be necessary, for example on the internal face 66 of the arc guards 6.
  • the two arc guards 6 of a pair 60 create between them a confinement zone, which channels the ionic species generated by the arc while the arc progresses.
  • the progression of the electric arc is thus channeled in a preferential direction, which is here parallel to the axis A2 moving away from the reduced section 46A.
  • the progression of the arc thus channeled is faster than in the absence of arc guard 6, as is the case in the state of the art.
  • the arc arresters 6 the cutting time of the fuse blade 4 is shorter. In other words, cutting a fuse 2 comprising arc arresters 6 on either side of the reduced sections 46A presents a faster cut-off.
  • the speed of progression of the arc is not significantly influenced by the arc guards 6, that is to say that the speed of progression of the arc is similar to what happens in the absence of arc guards. If the arc guards 6 are too far from the reduced section 46A, the effect of the arc guards 6 is unnecessarily delayed.
  • the distance L8 between the arc guards 6 and the boundary line 70 of the reduced section is between 1 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm, more preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm. A distance L8 equal to 6 mm gives good results.
  • each arc guard 6 has a thickness L7 greater than 0.2 mm, preferably greater than 0.5 mm, even preferably greater than 1 mm.
  • An L7 thickness equal to 2 mm gives good results.
  • the thickness L7 is not limited, except for example for practical reasons of space, in particular during the assembly of the fuse 2.
  • the thickness L7 is less than 20 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, preferably even less than 5 mm.
  • each arc guard 6 has a length L6 greater than 5 mm, preferably greater than 7 mm.
  • the L6 length is not limited, except for example for practical reasons of bulk.
  • the length L6 is less than 30 mm, preferably less than 25 mm, more preferably less than 20 mm.
  • the hardness of the elastic material of the arc arresters 6 has a significant influence on the reduction in the breaking time of the fuses 2.
  • the elastic material of the arc arresters 6 has a hardness evaluated on a so-called Shore-A scale, which goes from 0 for a very soft material to 100 for a very hard material.
  • an arc guard 6 made of too hard a material does not have good performance either.
  • the material of the arc arresters 6 is thus chosen with a Shore-A hardness less than 90.
  • the arc arresters 6 are subjected to temperatures which can exceed 100° C or 150°C, elastomers tend to harden as they age.
  • the material of the arc guards 6 is thus chosen so that its Shore-A hardness remains less than 90 even after aging.
  • the Shore-A hardness of the new material of the arc guards 6 is preferably chosen less than 70.
  • the arc guards 6 are made of a material having a hardness, measured on a Shore-A scale, of between 20 and 90, preferably between 40 and 70.
  • the state of mechanical compression of the arc arresters 6 has a positive influence on the reduction of the cutting time of the fuses 2.
  • the arc arresters 6 are slightly compressed in one direction parallel to the axis A4, that is to say a direction orthogonal to the main faces of the fuse blade 4 at the location where these arc guards 6 are located.
  • each arc arrester 6 is compressed and has a thickness L7 less than 99% of the thickness L7 of this same arc arrester 6 when this arc arrester 6 is not subject to any external stress, preferably less than 98%, even more preferably less than 95%.
  • the compression of the arc guards 6 of the same pair is done by means of specific devices, such as compression clamps, and/or by means of the reinforcement 48 when it is present, for example by means of wedges 58.
  • Compression clamps are not shown. When holding clips are used during assembly to immobilize the arc guards 6 and allow the adhesive time to harden, these holding clips also advantageously serve as compression clips and are left in place on the arc guards 6 once the adhesive layer 72 has hardened.
  • a fuse blade 4 and arc guards 6 conforming to second, third and fourth embodiments of the invention are represented respectively on the figures 4 , 5 And 6
  • a fuse blade 4 and arc guards 6 conforming to a fifth embodiment of the invention are represented on the figures 9 And 10 .
  • Elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear the same references and operate in the same way. In what follows, we mainly describe the differences between each embodiment and the previous one(s).
  • One of the main differences of the second embodiment, represented in figure 4 , with the first mode is that at least one perforation 80 is provided in the fuse blade 4 on each side of the reduced section 46A, in other words on either side of the transverse plane P4.
  • the perforations 80 are covered by the arc guards 6, that is to say that as long as the fuse 2 has not melted, the perforations 80 are completely closed, in the direction of the axis A4, by the internal faces 66 of the arc guards 6.
  • the same fuse blade 4 is represented on the inserts a) and b) of the figure 4 , insert b) representing a section of the fuse blade 4 of insert a) following a cutting plane 4b on insert a).
  • the perforations 80 reduce the quantity of material to melt during the progression of the electric arc, once the arc reaches the front face 62 of the arc shields 6. The progression of the arc is thus faster than in the first embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in Figure 7 .
  • the perforations 80 are not obstructed, in the direction parallel to the axis A2 of the fuse 2, by the layers of adhesive 72 or by the arc shields 6, so as not to hinder the progression of the electric arc.
  • the perforations 80 each have an elongated shape and are arranged in their length parallel to the axis A2 of the fuse 2, in other words parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fuse blade 4.
  • the perforations 80 of elongated shape provide channels, parallel to the longitudinal axis A2, which promote the progression of the electric arc.
  • each perforation 80 has a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, substantially equal to the length L6 of the arc guards 6 which close this perforation 80.
  • the perforations 80 provided on one side of the transverse plane P4 are preferably symmetrical to the perforations 80 provided on the other side of the transverse plane P4.
  • the perforations 80 located on the same side of the transverse plane P4 form a group of perforations 80.
  • the perforations 80 of the same group are thus entirely closed by the internal faces 66 of the two arch guards 6 of the same pair 60.
  • each group of perforations 80 comprises three perforations 80, this number not being limiting.
  • each group of perforations 80 comprises a single perforation 80, or two, or even four or more.
  • the perforations 80 of the same group are preferably arranged in rows, that is to say aligned with each other in a direction transverse to the fuse blade 4, in other words in a direction orthogonal to the axis A2 .
  • the perforations 80 have a rectangular section.
  • the perforations 80 have an oval shape or even an ellipse or even a diamond shape or more generally have an oblong shape.
  • the shape of the perforations 80 depends in particular on the manufacturing method perforations 80, the perforations 80 being, in a non-limiting manner, produced by stamping, by laser cutting or even by electroerosion.
  • the perforations 80 of the same group preferably each have the same shape.
  • the purpose of the perforations 80 is not to promote, in the event of overcurrent, the start of the electric arc in the event of overcurrent, but to provide passages favoring progression. of the arc once the arc reaches the arc guards 6.
  • the surface section of a group of perforations 80 is five times greater, preferably ten times greater, than the smallest surface section among the surface sections reduced sections 46 or 46A provided on this fuse blade 4.
  • the perforations 80 of the same group are preferably regularly spaced in the transverse direction of the fuse blade 4, to avoid locally weakening the material of the fuse blade 4 or to avoid creating a hot spot when the current flows in the fuse blade 4.
  • Each perforation 80 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, beyond the rear face 64 of the neighboring arc guards 6.
  • Each perforation 80 thus comprises a rear portion, located on the side opposite the reduced section 46A, which projects from the rear face 64 and forms a rear vent 82, through which the perforation 80 opens.
  • the rear vents 82 make it possible to evacuate more quickly the products generated by the arc, in particular molten metal or other ionized species.
  • the rapid elimination of these products destabilizes the arc which leads to reducing the time necessary to achieve total interruption of the current.
  • a length L82 is defined as being a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, between one end of this perforation 80 furthest from the reduced section 46A and rear face 64 of the arc arrester 6 neighbor.
  • the length L82 thus represents a length of a rear vent 82.
  • the length L82 is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 8 mm, more preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm.
  • the perforations 80 of the same group are partly closed by the internal faces 66 of the two arc guards 6 of the same pair 60.
  • Each perforation 80 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, beyond the front face 62 of the arc guards 6.
  • Each perforation 80 thus comprises a front portion, located on the side of the reduced section 46A, which protrudes of the front face 62 and forms a frontal vent 84, through which the perforation 80 opens.
  • the perforations 80 of the same row are partly closed by the internal faces 66 of the two arc guards 6 of the same pair 60.
  • the front vents 84 make it possible to evacuate part of the molten metal or other ionized products generated by the arc in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A , the cavity V20 being filled with sand. These ionized products no longer help maintain the arc.
  • a length L84 is defined as being a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, between one end of this perforation 80 closest to the reduced section 46A and the front face 62 of the arc arrester 6 neighbor.
  • the length L84 thus represents a length of one of the front vents 84.
  • the length L84 is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 and 3 mm.
  • FIG. 7 represents a graph 700, illustrating the evolution of an electric current passing through a fuse blade 4 comprising a reduced section 46A for different fuse blades 4 having different characteristics.
  • the performance of a fuse 2 is notably evaluated by a cut-off time, which is a time necessary for the electric current to be canceled once the melting of the reduced section 46A begins.
  • Curve 99 illustrates the evolution of the current in the case where the fuse blade 4 does not include an arc arrester in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A. An electric arc appears at a time t 0 . The current is zero at a time t 99 . The cutoff time is equal to t 99 - t 0 .
  • Curve 100 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where the fuse blade 4 comprises arc arresters 6 in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention described previously, that is to say that two pairs 60 of arc guards 6 are arranged on either side of the reduced section 46A.
  • the current is zero at a time t 100 .
  • the cutting time of a fuse blade 4 comprising arc arresters 6, equal to t 100 - t 0 is approximately 40% less than the cutting time of a fuse blade 4 without an arc arrester.
  • the curve 200 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where the fuse blade 4 comprises arc arresters 6 conforming to the second embodiment of the invention described previously, that is to say that perforations 80 are provided in the fuse blade 4 between the arc arresters 6 of the same pair 60.
  • the current is zero at a time t 200 .
  • the cutting time of a fuse blade 4 comprising arc shields 6 with perforations, equal to t 200 - t 0 is approximately 45% less than the cutting time of a fuse blade 4 without arc shield.
  • the curve 300 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where the fuse blade 4 comprises arc guards 6 conforming to the third embodiment of the invention described previously, that is to say that the perforations 80 protrude from the guards -arcs 6 on the side opposite the reduced section 46A.
  • the current is zero at a time t 300 .
  • the cutting time of a fuse blade 4 comprising arc guards 6 with perforations and rear vents 82, equal to t 300 - t 0 is approximately 50% less than the cutting time of a fuse blade 4 without guard -bow.
  • the curve 400 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where the fuse blade 4 comprises arc guards 6 conforming to the fourth embodiment of the invention described previously, that is to say that the perforations 80 protrude from the guards -arcs 6 both on the side of the reduced section 46A and on the side opposite the reduced section 46A.
  • the current is zero at a time t 400 .
  • the cutting time of a fuse blade 4 comprising arc guards 6 with perforations 80 and front 84 and rear vents 82, equal to t 400 - t 0 is approximately 60% less than the cutting time of a blade fuse 4 without arc arrester.
  • FIG. 7 presents an aspect of the improvement in performance, measured by the reduction in the breaking time, of fuses 2 according to the invention, compared to fuses according to the prior art.
  • the fuses 2 conform to the second, third and fourth embodiments of the invention, in which the perforations 80 located on the same side of the reduced section 46A are at least partly closed by the arc guards 6 of the same pair 60, make it possible to further improve the performance of the fuse 2 compared to the first mode of the invention.
  • perforations 80 are provided on each side of the reduced section 46A.
  • one or more perforations 80 are provided on one side of the reduced section 46A, in the vicinity of this reduced section 46A, at least one perforation 80 also contributing to the extinction of the electric arc
  • the arc guards 6 are arranged only on either side of the reduced section 46A located in the middle of a fuse strip 4 in order to explain the invention.
  • the fuse blade 4 comprises reduced sections 46 other than the reduced section 46A
  • other arc arresters, of the type of arc arresters 6, can where appropriate be arranged in the vicinity of these reduced sections 46.
  • the two pairs 60 of arc guards 6 are separated from each other by two, or even more, reduced sections of the type of reduced sections 46 and/or 46A.
  • the perforations 80 and the arc guards 6 have shapes with precise dimensions, these dimensions being able to change in particular depending on the dimensioning and the caliber of the fuse 2, the size of the holes 44 of the reduced section 46A.
  • the pair 60 of arc guards 6 is assembled on a flat portion of the fuse blade 4.
  • the folds form folds with various profiles, such as a landing, a slot, etc.
  • the arc guards 6 can be placed directly in a fold, for example a landing or a slot, which makes it possible to shorten the net length of the fuse blade 4.
  • the method of manufacturing fuse 2, described in particular using the figure 8 thus comprises a step 800 consisting of manufacturing two arc guards 6 of a first pair 60, the arc guards 6 being made of a preformed elastic material, in particular of crosslinked elastomer, and each having a flat internal face 66.
  • the arc guards 6 are for example manufactured by molding, the internal face 66 being optionally ground by machining.
  • the arc guards 6 are then cut from this calibrated strip.
  • One or more of the faces of the arc guards 6 can be machined to correct their geometry, in particular the internal face 66, which is preferably flat to promote adhesion of the adhesive layer 72, and the front face 62, oriented towards the reduced section 46A.
  • the method comprises a step 802 consisting of gluing each arc guard 6 of the same pair 60 to a respective main face of the fuse strip 4 in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A, by interposing a layer of adhesive 72 between the internal face 66 of each arc guard 6 and a respective main face of the fuse blade 4.
  • the arc guards 6 are located on the same side of the transverse plane P4, the front faces 62 of the arc guards 6 being oriented towards the section reduced 46A, so that the distance L8 between the front face 62 of each arc guard 6 and the nearest boundary line 70 is between 1 mm and 15 mm.
  • the manufacturing process comprises a step 804, prior to the bonding step 802, consisting of providing in the fuse blade 4 at least one perforation 80 in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A .
  • the arc guards 6 are arranged on the fuse blade 4 so that the perforations 80 are essentially closed by the arc guards 6.
  • front vents 84 and/or rear 82 are provided.
  • the fifth embodiment of the fuse blade 4 and the arc guards 6, shown on the figures 9 And 10 resembles the fourth embodiment in that the perforations 80, provided in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A, protrude from the front 62 and rear 64 faces of the arch guards 6, to form respectively front 84 and rear vents 82.
  • Each of the perforations 80 is at least partly closed by the internal faces 66 of the two arc guards 6 of the same pair 60, each perforation 80 providing a cavity between the two arc guards 6 of the same pair 60.
  • the arc guards 6 of the fourth mode are made of an elastic material, here in silicone, are associated in pairs 60 and are fixed on the fuse strip 4 by means of a layer of adhesive 72, which is interposed between the fuse blade 4 and an internal face 66 of each arc arrester 6 of the corresponding pair 60.
  • the perforations 80 are in the shape of an elongated ellipse, which extend in their length parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2.
  • the fuse blade 4 here has folds 86 at the level of the front 62 and rear 64 faces of the arc guards 6.
  • the folds 86 are located in a plane parallel to the transverse plane P4.
  • the front 84 and rear 82 vents extend over these folds 86.
  • the front vents 84 are oriented towards the reduced section 46A.
  • the rear vents 82 of each pair 60 of arc guards 6 are oriented towards a respective reduced section 46. According to the naming conventions used in this description, the rear vents 82, facing the reduced section 46A, are therefore front vents facing one of the reduced sections 46.
  • fuse blade 4 comprising folds 86, allows a more compact structure compared to a fuse blade 4 without folds.
  • the arc guards 6 are made of preformed elastic material, in particular of an elastomeric material such as silicone.
  • the arc guards 6 include mineral and/or organic particles, which are added to the elastic material in the form of powder and/or fibers. These particles serve to adjust the properties of the material of the arc guards 6, for example serve to adjust the Shore hardness of the material, and/or serve as mechanical reinforcement.
  • the material of the arc guards 6 is then a reinforced material, also called composite material, comprising a matrix made of an elastic material, in particular made of an elastomeric material such as silicone.
  • a material without added particles is called “raw material”.
  • the arc guards are made of a foamed elastic material, that is to say a material containing gas bubbles and having an average porosity greater than 50%, preferably greater than 60%, preferably even greater than 70%.
  • the average porosity of a part is defined as the fraction of the volume of gas bubbles contained in this part over the total volume of this part.
  • the arc guards 6 are made up of several layers of materials stacked on top of each other. At least one of the layers is made of an elastic material as described above, in particular of an elastomeric material such as silicone. According to examples, these layers have distinct characteristics, in particular distinct hardness characteristics, and these layers of materials are advantageously assembled together by bonding.
  • the characteristics of the fuse blades 4 and the arc guards 6 according to the invention, and in particular the structural characteristics of the arc guards and their manufacturing process can be implemented independently of the body 20 comprising an armature 48 described below. on it and could be implemented in a conventional fuse body.
  • the perforations 80 can be used independently of the frame 48.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Sicherung (2), umfassend:
    - mindestens eine Flachsicherung (4), die in einem Blatt mit zwei gegenüberliegenden Hauptflächen ausgebildet ist, die sich entlang einer Längsachse (A2) der Flachsicherung erstrecken, wobei jede Flachsicherung einen Bereich umfasst, in dem ein reduzierter Abschnitt (46, 46A) ausgebildet ist, der eine Querebene (P4) zur Flachsicherung definiert,
    - zwei Anschlussklemmen (22), wobei jede Klemme mit jeder Flachsicherung verbunden ist,
    - Bogenschützer (6), die aus einem vorgeformten elastischen Material hergestellt sind und paarweise (60) einander zugeordnet sind, wobei die Bogenschützer eines Paares jeweils einander gegenüberliegend auf einer jeweiligen Hauptfläche einer gleichen Flachsicherung angeordnet sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    bei mindestens einem ersten Paar (60) von Bogenschützern (6) eine Klebstoffschicht (72) zwischen der Flachsicherung (4) und einer Innenfläche (66) jedes Bogenschützers (6) dieses Paares angeordnet ist, wobei die Innenfläche einer der Hauptflächen der Flachsicherung zugewandt ist, um so jeden Bogenschützer an der Flachsicherung zu befestigen.
  2. Sicherung (2) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Sicherung zusätzlich zu dem ersten Paar (60) von Bogenschützern (6) ein zweites Paar (60) von Bogenschützern umfasst, wobei das erste und das zweite Paar von Bogenschützern durch mindestens einen reduzierten Abschnitt (46, 46A) voneinander getrennt sind.
  3. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei jeder Bogenschützer (6) eine Vorderseite (62), die einem reduzierten Abschnitt (46, 46A) zugewandt ist, und eine Rückseite (64) aufweist, die der Vorderseite gegenüberliegt, und wobei die Vorder- und Rückseiten jedes Bogenschützers um eine Länge (L6) zwischen 5 mm und 30 mm voneinander getrennt sind.
  4. Sicherung (2) nach Anspruch 3, wobei ein Abstand (L8) zwischen der Vorderseite und einer Grenzlinie (70) des gegenüberliegenden reduzierten Abschnitts (46A) zwischen 0,5 mm und 20 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 mm und 15 mm, noch besser zwischen 2 mm und 12 mm, liegt.
  5. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei jeder Bogenschützer (6) eine Außenseite (68) umfasst, die der Innenseite (66) gegenüberliegt, und jeder Bogenschützer eine Dicke (L7), die als ein Abstand zwischen der Innenseite (66) und der Außenseite (68) definiert ist, von 0,2 mm bis 20 mm aufweist.
  6. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Bogenschützer (6) aus einem elastomeren Material bestehen, das eine Härte, gemessen auf einer Shore-A-Skala, von 20 bis 90, vorzugsweise von 40 bis 70, aufweist.
  7. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Bogenschützer (6) aus Silikon gefertigt sind.
  8. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei mindestens eine Perforation (80) in der Flachsicherung (4) auf einer Seite des reduzierten Abschnitts (46A) angebracht ist, wobei jede der Perforationen zumindest teilweise durch die Innenflächen (66) der beiden Bogenschützer (6) eines Paars (60) verschlossen ist.
  9. Sicherung (2) nach Anspruch 8, wobei sich die Perforationen (80) parallel zur Längsrichtung (A2) der Flachsicherung (4) über die Rückseite (64) der Bogenschützer (6) hinaus erstrecken, um hintere Entlüftungsöffnungen (82) zu bilden.
  10. Sicherung (2) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die hinteren Entlüftungsöffnungen (82) eine Länge (L82) zwischen 0,1 mm und 10 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 8 mm, noch besser zwischen 1 mm und 5 mm, aufweisen.
  11. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, wobei sich die Perforationen (80) parallel zur Längsrichtung (A2) der Flachsicherung (4) über die Vorderseite (62) der Bogenschützer (6) hinaus erstrecken, um vordere Entlüftungsöffnungen (84) zu bilden, und wobei die vorderen Entlüftungsöffnungen (84) eine Länge (L84) zwischen 0,1 mm und 5 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 3 mm, aufweisen.
  12. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die Sicherung eine Armatur (48) umfasst, die in einem Hohlraum (V20) eines Körpers (20) der Sicherung aufgenommen ist und die Bewegungen der Flachsicherungen (4) bezüglich des Körpers über Abstandshalter (52) und/oder Keile (58) begrenzt.
  13. Sicherung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei, wenn die Sicherung (2) zusammengebaut ist, die Bogenschützer (6) in einer Richtung orthogonal zu den Hauptflächen der Flachsicherung (4) zusammengedrückt werden, wobei jeder Bogenschützer (6) eine Dicke (L7) von weniger als 99% der Dicke (L7) desselben Bogenschützers (6) aufweist, wenn dieser Bogenschützer (6) keiner Belastung ausgesetzt ist, vorzugsweise weniger als 98% und noch besser weniger als 95%.
  14. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Sicherung (2) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die Sicherung mindestens eine Flachsicherung (4) mit einem reduzierten Abschnitt (46, 46A) umfasst, der eine Querebene (P4) zur Flachsicherung definiert; wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Herstellen (800) von zwei Bogenschützern (6) eines ersten Paars (60), wobei die Bogenschützer (6) aus einem vernetzten elastischen Material hergestellt sind und eine ebene Innenfläche (66) aufweisen,
    - Kleben (802) jedes Bogenschützers (6) des ersten Paares (60) an eine entsprechende Hauptfläche der Flachsicherung (4) in der Nähe des reduzierten Abschnitts (46, 46A), wobei eine Klebstoffschicht (72) zwischen der Innenfläche (66) jedes Bogenschützers und einer jeweiligen Hauptfläche der Flachsicherung derart eingefügt wird, dass ein Abstand (L8) zwischen einer Vorderfläche (62) jedes Bogenschützers (6) und einer Grenzlinie (70) des gegenüberliegenden reduzierten Abschnitts zwischen 1 mm und 15 mm liegt.
  15. Herstellungsverfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei das Verfahren vor dem Klebeschritt (802) einen Schritt umfasst, der darin besteht, in der Flachsicherung (4) mindestens eine Perforation (80) auf jeder Seite der Querebene (P4) anzubringen (804), und wobei während des Klebeschritts die Bogenschützer (6) des ersten Paars (60) auf die Flachsicherung geklebt werden, so dass jede Perforation (80) zumindest teilweise durch die Bogenschützer (6) verschlossen ist.
EP21751797.8A 2020-07-29 2021-07-28 Sicherung und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren Active EP4189717B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2008034A FR3113180B1 (fr) 2020-07-29 2020-07-29 Fusible et procédé de fabrication associé
PCT/EP2021/071152 WO2022023418A1 (fr) 2020-07-29 2021-07-28 Fusible et procédé de fabrication associé

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EP4189717A1 EP4189717A1 (de) 2023-06-07
EP4189717C0 EP4189717C0 (de) 2024-05-01
EP4189717B1 true EP4189717B1 (de) 2024-05-01

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JP (1) JP2023535498A (de)
KR (1) KR20230043994A (de)
CN (1) CN112331539A (de)
CA (1) CA3187107A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3113180B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2023001114A (de)
WO (1) WO2022023418A1 (de)

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JP7388725B2 (ja) * 2021-02-18 2023-11-29 太平洋精工株式会社 ヒューズ
IT202200007358A1 (it) * 2022-04-13 2023-10-13 Mta Spa Elemento fusibile di un dispositivo fusibile

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3601737A (en) * 1969-10-09 1971-08-24 Gen Electrie Co Fuse elements for dc interruption
US5596306A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-01-21 Littelfuse, Inc. Form fitting arc barrier for fuse links
US6160471A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-12-12 Littlelfuse, Inc. Fusible link with non-mechanically linked tab description
US9620322B2 (en) 2014-04-14 2017-04-11 Mersen Usa Newburyport-Ma, Llc Arc suppressor for fusible elements
SI24871B (sl) * 2014-10-24 2020-11-30 Razvojni Center Enem Novi Materiali D.O.O. Električna varovalka
US10224166B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2019-03-05 Littelfuse, Inc. High-current fuse with endbell assembly
CN209461405U (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-10-01 库柏西安熔断器有限公司 熔断器、电动汽车用整车电路和电动汽车

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FR3113180B1 (fr) 2022-08-05
FR3113180A1 (fr) 2022-02-04
EP4189717A1 (de) 2023-06-07
EP4189717C0 (de) 2024-05-01
WO2022023418A1 (fr) 2022-02-03
MX2023001114A (es) 2023-02-22
CA3187107A1 (fr) 2022-02-03
JP2023535498A (ja) 2023-08-17
CN112331539A (zh) 2021-02-05

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