EP4189503A1 - Verfahren zum ermitteln von einzelvektoren zur steuerung und/oder regelung wenigstens eines energiestrahls einer schichtbauvorrichtung und schichtbauvorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum ermitteln von einzelvektoren zur steuerung und/oder regelung wenigstens eines energiestrahls einer schichtbauvorrichtung und schichtbauvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4189503A1 EP4189503A1 EP21749766.8A EP21749766A EP4189503A1 EP 4189503 A1 EP4189503 A1 EP 4189503A1 EP 21749766 A EP21749766 A EP 21749766A EP 4189503 A1 EP4189503 A1 EP 4189503A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- individual vectors
- individual
- component
- energy beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
- G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making three-dimensional [3D] objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining individual vectors for controlling and/or regulating at least one energy beam of a layer construction device.
- the invention further relates to a layer construction device for the additive manufacturing of at least one component area of a component.
- the invention further relates to a computer program product and a computer-readable storage medium.
- Additive layer construction processes refer to processes in which geometric data are determined using a virtual model of a component or component area to be manufactured. Depending on the geometry of the model, an exposure or irradiation strategy is determined according to which the selective hardening of a material is to take place. In the layer construction process, the desired material is then deposited in powder form in layers, selectively scanned with means of at least one energy beam and solidified in order to additively build up the desired component area. Various irradiation parameters such as the energy beam power and the exposure speed of an energy beam to be used for solidification are important for the resulting microstructure. In addition, the arrangement of so-called scan lines is also important.
- the scan lines which can also be referred to as melting tracks or exposure vectors, are defined by individual vectors along which the at least one energy beam scans and melts the material.
- additive or generative manufacturing processes are generative laser sintering or laser melting processes, which can be used, for example, to produce components for turbomachines such as aircraft engines.
- selective laser melting thin powder layers of the material or materials used are applied to a construction platform and melted and solidified locally in the area of a build-up and joining zone with the help of one or more laser beams.
- the construction platform is then lowered, another layer of powder is applied and locally solidified again. This cycle is repeated until the finished component or component area is obtained.
- the component can then be further processed or can be used without further processing steps.
- selective laser sintering the component is produced in a similar way by laser-assisted sintering of powdered materials.
- the energy is supplied here, for example, by laser beams from a CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser, Yb fiber laser, diode laser or the like.
- Electron beam methods are also known, in which the material is selectively scanned and solidified by one or more electron beams.
- the models of the components to be produced are usually created or prepared using a CAD program or the like.
- the geometric data created in this way are then processed into layer data by a so-called slice process, which are then transferred to the layer construction device.
- the processed data essentially comprise individual vectors (XY pairs and/or XY polylines), which are processed layer by layer by the layer construction device and are used, among other things, to control and/or regulate the energy beam.
- the object of the present invention is to enable improved production of thin-walled components or component areas with more uniform mechanical properties. Further objects of the invention consist in specifying a computer program product and a computer-readable storage medium which enable a correspondingly improved control and/or regulation of a layer construction device.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining individual vectors for controlling and/or regulating at least one energy beam of a layer construction device.
- the method according to the invention comprises at least the steps a) providing layer data which characterizes at least one component layer of a component to be produced additively, b) using the layer data to determine individual vectors according to which at least one energy beam is to be moved relative to a build-up and joining zone of the layer construction device in order to solidify a material powder selectively to form the component layer, c) determining at least one node of a plurality of individual vectors and d) adjusting at least one property of at least one individual vector of the at least one node, the at least one property being selected from a group consisting of spatial orientation and irradiation sequence with respect to at least one other individual vector and vector length.
- the invention provides that at least one individual vector, which forms a node together with at least two other individual vectors, changes at least one property, which property can be the spatial orientation, i.e. the start coordinates and final coordinates of the single vector are swapped (the vector A->B is converted into its counter-vector B->A).
- the orientation can thus be selected for each individual vector in such a way that the resulting surface roughness is advantageously influenced by powder particles sticking to the thin-walled structure. This surface roughness is greater when decoupling (end coordinates) than when coupling (start coordinates), so that, for example, when thin-walled structures are connected to a carrier, the decoupled side should end in the carrier.
- first vector A, then vector B is exchanged for “first vector B, then vector A”
- the vector length the individual vector is lengthened or shortened
- any combination thereof any combination thereof.
- a thickening in the nodal point is avoided or at least greatly reduced, as a result of which thin-walled component structures in particular can be produced much more precisely and with more uniform mechanical properties.
- “a/an” in the context of this disclosure is to be read as an indefinite article, i.e. without anything expressly to the contrary Always state “at least one/at least one”. Conversely, “a/an” can also be understood as "only one/only one”.
- a polygon which can also be referred to as a "polyline” is understood to be a continuous line that consists of several individual vectors that form line segments.
- a polyline can also be advantageously treated as a single data object.
- an irradiation sequence of at least two individual vectors is set counter to a predetermined flow direction of a protective gas flow of the layer construction device.
- At least one node is a split node or a fusion node.
- a split node is understood to be a node where a single vector branches into two or more single vectors
- a fusion node is understood to be a node where two or more single vectors meet and form the starting point of a single single vector.
- the length of at least one individual vector is changed in such a way that it no longer meets other individual vectors of the node at the node or its start or end point is no longer directly adjacent to the start or end points of other individual vectors , but is spaced from them.
- This is a simple way of avoiding thickening in the nodal point.
- the coupling and decoupling points of the energy beam overlap, causing the material to thicken.
- the multiple exposure is adjusted in such a way that the individual tracks are connected without connection errors or thickening.
- the node is particularly advantageous for sealing elements with an inlet area and similar components, since the inlet area is smaller.
- the irradiation sequence of several individual vectors is sorted and/or oriented in such a way that the number of jumps in the energy beam for the component layer is minimized.
- Such a minimization of coupling in and out can also ensure an improved microstructure and less interaction with process by-products.
- the individual vectors adapted according to the invention are transmitted to a control device of the layer construction device, possibly together with further data, and are used as part of a layer construction method for the optimized production of one or more components, in particular thin-walled components of a turbomachine such as a sealing element a honeycomb structure.
- the control device tion itself carries out the adaptation of the individual vectors according to the invention.
- the component is preferably designed as a honeycomb structure for a honeycomb seal. Such a honeycomb structure can be used on its own or in combination with a seal carrier for sealing flow machines such as gas turbines or aircraft engines.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a layer construction device for the additive manufacture of at least one component by an additive layer construction method.
- the layer construction device comprises at least one powder feed for applying at least one powder layer of a material to at least one build-up and joining zone of at least one movable construction platform, at least one radiation source for generating at least one energy beam for layer-by-layer and local solidification of the material by selective scanning and melting of the material along scan lines and a controller.
- the control device is designed to control the powder feed in such a way that it applies at least one powder layer of the material to the build-up and joining zone of the construction platform, and to control the construction platform in such a way that it is lowered in layers by a predefined layer thickness.
- control device is set up to use adapted individual vectors, which are determined using a method according to the first aspect of the invention, to control and/or regulate the at least one energy beam in order to additively produce at least one component layer.
- adapted individual vectors which are determined using a method according to the first aspect of the invention, to control and/or regulate the at least one energy beam in order to additively produce at least one component layer.
- control device is not dependent on the transmission of individual vectors that have already been adapted according to the invention, but can carry out the corresponding optimizations itself. In this way, already existing or not yet optimized data sets can be subsequently optimized within the meaning of the invention.
- component areas and complete components can be produced whose mechanical properties are at least essentially non-directional. are dependent.
- a laser beam for example, CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser, Yb fiber laser, diode laser or the like can be provided. It can also be provided that two or more electron beams and/or laser beams are used as the respective energy beams.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product, comprising instructions which, when the computer program product is executed by a computing device, cause the latter to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions which, when executed by a computing device, cause it to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the computing device can be an independent device that can be coupled to the control device of a layer construction device for data exchange. Alternatively or additionally, the computing device can be part of the control device of the layered construction device.
- a distributed implementation of the method according to the invention on a number of computing devices can also be provided.
- the present invention may be implemented using a computer program product comprising program modules accessible from a computer usable or computer readable medium storing program code used by or in connection with one or more computers, processors or instruction execution systems of a layered building device .
- a computer-usable or computer-readable medium can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, distribute, or transport the computer program product for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system or layered building device.
- the medium may be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, or a propagation medium per se, since signal carriers are not included within the definition of tangible, computer-readable medium.
- processors and program code for implementing each aspect of the invention may be centralized or distributed (or a combination thereof). Further features of the invention result from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and/or shown alone in the figures, can be used not only in the specified combination, but also in other combinations, without the frame to abandon the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a layer construction device
- 2 shows a basic representation of a number of non-sorted and non-oriented individual vectors
- 3 shows a basic representation of several oriented individual vectors
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a broadened fusion node
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a layer construction device 10.
- the layer construction device 10 is used for the additive production of a component 14 by an additive layer construction method.
- the layer construction device 10 comprises at least one powder feed 16 with a powder container 18 and a coater 20.
- the powder feed 16 is used to apply at least one powder layer of a material 22 to a build-up and joining zone II of a construction platform 24 that can be moved according to arrow B.
- the coater is used for this purpose 20 moves according to arrow III in order to transport material 22 from the powder container 18 to the build-up and joining zone II.
- the layer building device 10 further comprises at least one radiation source 26 for generating at least one energy beam 28, for example in the form of a laser beam, for layer-by-layer and local Solidifying the material 22 by selectively scanning and melting the material 22 with the energy beam 28 along scan lines.
- a control device 30 is provided, which is designed to control powder feed 16 in such a way that it applies at least one powder layer of material 22 to build-up and joining zone II of build platform 24 and build platform 24 in layers by a predefined layer thickness Arrow B lowers.
- the layer construction device 10 comprises a fundamentally optional optical device 32, by means of which the energy beam 28 can be moved over the construction and joining zone II.
- the radiation source 26 and the device 32 are coupled to the control device 30 for data exchange.
- the layer construction device 10 comprises a likewise fundamentally optional heating device 34, by means of which the powder bed can be tempered to a desired base temperature.
- the heating device 34 can comprise, for example, one or more stationary or movable induction coil(s). Alternatively or additionally, other heating elements, for example IR radiators or the like, can also be provided.
- control device 30 is set up to control the radiation source 26 and thereby to move the energy beam 28 during selective scanning along the scan lines.
- the scan lines are defined on the data plane by individual vectors, as shown with arrows in FIGS. 2 to 8 .
- the arrowhead marks the end coordinate of the relevant individual vector, while the opposite end of the individual vector marks the start coordinate.
- Components 14 can be built up in layers using additive processes.
- the powder-bed-based process is used particularly in the gas turbine and engine industry Laser Melting (LPBF) application and is already used in series for brackets and sealing elements.
- LPBF Gas turbine and engine industry Laser Melting
- the production of thin-walled structures e.g. honeycomb structure
- the preparation of the geometry data or the component model is usually carried out using a CAD program.
- the prepared geometry data are then broken down into layer data by a so-called slice process, which are then transferred to the layer construction device 10 or the control device 30 .
- the processed data record essentially consists of individual vectors (XY pairs and/or XY polylines or polylines), which are processed layer by layer by the layer construction device 10 in order to build up the respective component layers.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a widened split node 40
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a widened fusion node 40.
- a split node 40 is understood to be a node 40 at which a single vector branches into two or more single vectors, while a fusion node 40 is understood to be a node 40 where two or more single vectors meet so that their endpoints lie on the starting point of a single single vector.
- a computing device not shown
- the control device 30 of the layer construction device 10 a computing device (not shown) or the control device 30 of the layer construction device 10: a) Existing XY polylines are separated again into individual vectors, so that the exposure sequence and orientation are specifically adapted can; b) the exposure orientation of the individual vectors (start coordinates to end coordinates) can be selected for each individual vector in such a way that the resulting surface roughness of the thin-walled structure produced is positively influenced.
- the surface roughness is primarily influenced by caking powder particles on the individual tracks.
- the surface roughness is generally greater when coupling out (end coordinates of a single vector) than when coupling in (start coordinates of a single vector), so that, for example, when thin-walled structures are connected to form a thick-walled structure, the coupled-out side should end at the thick-walled structure.
- the start and end coordinates of the relevant individual vector can be swapped.
- the exposure sequence is arranged counter to a flow direction of a protective gas flow of the layer construction device 10 in order to prevent process by-products from being influenced. In this way, too, thin-walled structures in particular can be manufactured more precisely and without problems.
- FIG. 2 shows a basic representation of several non-sorted and non-oriented individual vectors, while FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows a basic representation of several individual vectors oriented from left to right in the image
- FIG. 4 shows a basic representation of several in the image from bottom to top sorted single vectors oriented from left to right.
- the individual vectors can be recombined at certain points or completely to form one or more polylines, provided that an adjusted exposure sequence and orientation is not changed. In this way, coupling and decoupling points of the energy beam 28 can advantageously be reduced.
- node points 40 on the data plane can be resolved by adjusting the vector length of certain individual vectors. Coupling and decoupling points of the energy beam 28 are superimposed at node points 40, as a result of which the material becomes thicker in practice (FIG. 5, FIG. 6).
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a split node 40 according to the invention
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a fusion node 40 according to the invention.
- the nodes can be divided into branch types. Depending on the category of branching (split/fusion), the change in the vector length of specific individual vectors at a node 40 can be selected or set differently. For example, in Fig. 7 the vector length of the V-shaped branching individual vectors starting from the center point P of node 40 is shortened more than the vector length of the individual individual vector (amount (1) greater than amount (2)), since the melt pools of the two branched individual vectors are stronger overlap with each other than with the weld pool of the other single vector. Analogously, in FIG. 8 the vector lengths of the V-shaped branched individual vectors are shortened more with respect to the center point P than the vector length of the other individual vector (amount (4) greater than amount (3)).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020209470.5A DE102020209470A1 (de) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Verfahren zum Ermitteln von Einzelvektoren zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung wenigstens eines Energiestrahls einer Schichtbauvorrichtung und Schichtbauvorrichtung |
| PCT/DE2021/100637 WO2022022774A1 (de) | 2020-07-28 | 2021-07-22 | Verfahren zum ermitteln von einzelvektoren zur steuerung und/oder regelung wenigstens eines energiestrahls einer schichtbauvorrichtung und schichtbauvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4189503A1 true EP4189503A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 |
Family
ID=77206914
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21749766.8A Withdrawn EP4189503A1 (de) | 2020-07-28 | 2021-07-22 | Verfahren zum ermitteln von einzelvektoren zur steuerung und/oder regelung wenigstens eines energiestrahls einer schichtbauvorrichtung und schichtbauvorrichtung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230271257A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4189503A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020209470A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022022774A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5776409A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1998-07-07 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Thermal stereolithograp using slice techniques |
| US5182055A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1993-01-26 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method of making a three-dimensional object by stereolithography |
| US20060214335A1 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-28 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Laser sintering powder recycle system |
| US9457521B2 (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2016-10-04 | The Boeing Company | Method, apparatus and material mixture for direct digital manufacturing of fiber reinforced parts |
| EP2737965A1 (de) * | 2012-12-01 | 2014-06-04 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer metallischen Komponente mittels Zusatzlaserfertigung |
| EP2772329A1 (de) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-03 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hybridkomponente |
| JP6091371B2 (ja) | 2013-07-29 | 2017-03-08 | ローランドディー.ジー.株式会社 | スライスデータ作成装置、スライスデータ作成方法、プログラムおよびコンピューター読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
| JP6887755B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-16 | 2021-06-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 積層制御装置、積層制御方法及びプログラム |
| GB2557346B (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2019-01-16 | Betatype Group Ltd | Additive manufacturing |
| CN110314028A (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-11 | 刘朋 | 一种个性化骨科外固定全自动3d打印的方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-28 DE DE102020209470.5A patent/DE102020209470A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-07-22 WO PCT/DE2021/100637 patent/WO2022022774A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-22 US US18/007,272 patent/US20230271257A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2021-07-22 EP EP21749766.8A patent/EP4189503A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020209470A1 (de) | 2022-02-03 |
| WO2022022774A1 (de) | 2022-02-03 |
| US20230271257A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
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