EP4179621A1 - Technik zur freischaltung einer ansteuerung einer leistungsstufe - Google Patents
Technik zur freischaltung einer ansteuerung einer leistungsstufeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4179621A1 EP4179621A1 EP21742806.9A EP21742806A EP4179621A1 EP 4179621 A1 EP4179621 A1 EP 4179621A1 EP 21742806 A EP21742806 A EP 21742806A EP 4179621 A1 EP4179621 A1 EP 4179621A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- input
- signal
- safety function
- modulation
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a technique for enabling control of a power stage of an electrical machine.
- a device for enabling a power stage and a frequency converter equipped therewith are disclosed.
- the dynamic signal must be generated for this principle. This can be done, for example, by a microcontroller or by a different type of clock generator. In addition, the dynamic signal must be evaluated by a processing unit.
- a first aspect relates to a device for enabling control of a power stage of an electrical machine.
- the device comprises a first input for detecting or connecting a safety function signal and a second input for detecting or connecting a reference potential of the safety function signal.
- the device comprises one or at least two switch-off paths for the control.
- Each switch-off route includes:
- an input coupler which is connected on the input side between the first input and the second input and is designed to transmit the safety function signal (optionally galvanically isolated) from the inputs;
- At least one modulation logic unit which is designed to logically link a modulation signal assigned to the respective switch and the safety function signal transmitted by the respective input coupler and to output it as an unlockable modulation signal at the output.
- the input coupler transmits the safety function signal, which is electrically isolated from the inputs.
- the modulation signal assigned to the respective switch (optionally in the device) is electrically isolated from a modulator for generating the modulation signal.
- the unlockable modulation signal can also be referred to as a safe modulation signal.
- the modulation logic unit can be a logical operator.
- the modulation logic unit can be a logic unit that is designed to logically combine a modulation signal assigned to the respective switch, which is generated by a modulator, and the safety function signal transmitted by the respective input coupler and output it as the modulation signal that can be enabled at the output.
- the switch of a half-bridge can be a semiconductor switch.
- the device can be a functional safety circuit part for or in a frequency converter.
- the electric machine can be an electric motor.
- Exemplary embodiments of the device can set the activation of the power stage by means of the modulation logic unit under the condition that the safety function signal is present at the first input and/or at the second input. If the safety function signal is absent at the first input and/or at the second input, the or each modulation logic unit does not output the modulation signal assigned to the respective switch of a half-bridge to the power stage, since the transmitted safety function signal is absent (i.e. not present or is logically equal to zero), ie the power level is not controlled.
- the or each switch-off path can be configured (e.g. independently of the or the other switch-off paths) to monitor the safety function signal between the inputs (e.g. to be detected by means of the respective input coupler) and in response to the absence of the safety function signal stop driving the power stage (e.g. by means of the modulation logic unit).
- the safety function signal can be omitted at the inputs if the first input or the second input is interrupted or potential-free.
- the safety function signal can be present (for example only present) if a current flows from the first input to the second input.
- a current representing the safety function signal can flow from the first input through the or each input coupler to the second input.
- the input coupler can be designed to transmit the safety function signal represented by a current flowing between the first input and the second input or by a voltage present between the first input and the second input.
- the logical link can be a logical AND link (or conjunction) between the associated modulation signal and the transmitted safety function signal.
- a (preferably positive) transmitted safety function signal can be a prerequisite for forwarding or transmission or for output of the assigned modulation signal to the power stage.
- the reference potential of the safety function signal can be a ground potential or a ground potential.
- the device can be designed to enable the driving of N half-bridges (for example for N phases) of the power stage.
- the device may include at least 2N outputs.
- a pair of outputs can be assigned to each half-bridge.
- Each pair of outputs can be designed to drive switches (preferably semiconductor switches, for example a high-side semiconductor switch and a low-side semiconductor switch) of the power stage that are assigned to the respective half-bridge.
- the device may comprise at least two switch-off paths, the input couplers of which are connected in series between the first input and the second input.
- the safety function signal can be a signal for safe torque interruption (in short: STO signal) of the electrical machine.
- STO signal and/or the device can be designed according to the European standard IEC 61800-5-2:2007 and/or the stop category 0 or 1 of the European standard 60204.
- the electrical machine can be used or can be used as a motor and/or as a generator.
- the disconnection can (for example in the case of the engine) interrupt a drive torque and/or (for example in the case of the generator) interrupt a braking torque.
- the electrical machine can be an electric motor, preferably an asynchronous motor. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical machine can be a three-phase machine.
- the device can also include a converter or transformer which is designed to supply a supply voltage which is galvanically decoupled from a control unit for monitoring the activation and/or a modulator for generating the modulation signal at the input coupler and/or to output or provide to the modulation logic unit and/or to the output (e.g. the optocoupler of the output).
- a converter or transformer which is designed to supply a supply voltage which is galvanically decoupled from a control unit for monitoring the activation and/or a modulator for generating the modulation signal at the input coupler and/or to output or provide to the modulation logic unit and/or to the output (e.g. the optocoupler of the output).
- the safety function signal or the first input can feed (for example provide) a supply voltage of the input coupler or the input couplers and/or a supply voltage of the modulation logic unit or the modulation logic units.
- a supply voltage of the input coupler or each input coupler and/or a supply voltage of the modulation logic unit or each modulation logic unit can be output or provided independently of the safety function signal (e.g. independently of the presence or absence of the safety function signal).
- a supply voltage of the input coupler or each input coupler and/or a supply voltage of the modulation logic unit or each modulation logic unit can be galvanically decoupled from an operating voltage of a modulator that generates the modulation signal and/or of an output coupler (e.g. an optocoupler) that outputs the modulation signal that can be enabled at the output.
- the or each galvanically isolating input coupler of the safety function signal and/or the galvanically isolating the modulation signal can have an optical, inductive and/or capacitive signal coupling.
- the or each shutdown path may further include a filter.
- the filter can be connected between the input coupler and the modulation logic unit.
- the filter may include an amplifier.
- the amplifier can amplify the electrically isolated transmitted safety function signal, for example to a voltage for controlling the power stage and/or to a voltage of more than 100 V or more than 200 V.
- the Filter include a low pass.
- the low-pass can filter the amplified safety function signal.
- the filter can include a Schmitt trigger.
- the Schmitt trigger can output the amplified and/or filtered safety function signal with a hysteretic waveform, for example to the modulation logic unit.
- a time constant (for example a time characteristic or filter length) of the low-pass filter can be independent of a voltage of the safety function signal.
- the or each shutdown route may further include a test logic unit.
- the test logic unit can be connected between the input coupler and the modulation logic unit. On the input side, the test logic unit can logically link the transmitted safety function signal and a test signal (for example according to an AND link).
- the device can further comprise a control unit which is designed to generate the test signal for interrupting the transmitted safety function signal (e.g. a logic zero) and to monitor a signal profile in response to the test signal at a signal tap on the modulation logic unit or at the output.
- the control unit can be designed, for example, to issue an instruction to switch off the modulation signal to a modulator that generates the modulation signal if the monitored signal profile does not correspond to the activation of the control in a predetermined time window.
- the device may further include a modulator turn-off path.
- the modulator turn-off path or device may include a modulator generating the modulation signal.
- the modulator shutdown path can also include an input coupler, which is connected on the input side between the first input and the second input and is designed to galvanically isolate the safety function signal from the inputs as (e.g. logically inverted) switch-off instruction to the modulator.
- the modulator can be designed to switch off the modulation signal in response to the transmitted safety function signal being omitted.
- the device can also include a modulator which is designed to generate the at least one modulation signal.
- the transmitted safety function signal can be applied to the modulator in its own switch-off path (the modulator switch-off path).
- the modulator may be configured to discontinue (i.e., turn off) generation of the at least one modulation signal in response to the cessation (i.e., absence) of the transmitted safety function signal.
- the device may further include a controller shutdown path.
- the controller shutdown path or device may include a controller.
- the control unit switch-off path can also include an input coupler, which is connected on the input side, for example between the first input and the second input, and is designed to transmit the safety function signal, electrically isolated from the inputs, to the control unit.
- the control unit can be designed to monitor a signal curve at a signal tap on the modulation logic unit or at the output in response to the absence of the transmitted safety function signal.
- the control unit can also be designed to issue an instruction to switch off the modulation signal to a modulator that generates the modulation signal if the monitored signal curve does not correspond to the activation of the control in a predetermined time window.
- the device can also include a flap switch-off path (also: brake switch-off path).
- the Falte shut-off path may include an electromechanical brake or twist-lock and an input coupler connected upstream between the first input and the second input is connected and is designed to transmit the safety function signal electrically isolated from the first input and from the second input to the electromechanical brake or rotary lock.
- the electromechanical brake can be designed to generate a braking torque on a shaft of the electrical machine when the transmitted safety function signal is absent, or the electromechanical rotary lock can be designed to generate a holding torque on a shaft of the electrical machine when the transmitted safety function signal is absent.
- a second aspect relates to a frequency converter for driving an electric motor.
- the frequency converter includes a power stage that is designed to switch or generate at least one phase of the electric motor (for example a switch of a half-bridge of the power stage) in accordance with at least one modulation signal that can be enabled.
- the frequency converter includes a modulator which is designed to generate at least one modulation signal for controlling the power stage.
- the frequency converter includes a device for enabling the control of the power stage according to the first aspect.
- the device can be designed to logically combine the at least one modulation signal of the modulator with the transmitted safety function signal in order to output the modulation signal that can be activated.
- the term frequency converter also includes an inverter with a variable frequency (for example in accordance with the at least one modulation signal).
- the inverter can be a single-phase, two-phase, three-phase or multi-phase inverter.
- the frequency converter can be operated with direct current or alternating current.
- the power stage can have or can have a DC voltage applied to it as the supply voltage on the input side.
- the frequency converter can include a rectifier (for example an intermediate circuit with a rectifier) to which an AC voltage is or can be applied as the supply voltage on the input side.
- the rectifier or the intermediate circuit
- the rectifier can be electrically connected to the input of the power stage.
- the frequency converter can be a variable speed starter or can be integrated into a variable speed starter.
- the control unit can also be designed to control the modulator according to a starting method of the electric motor and/or to control the modulator to reverse the electric motor.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a device for
- Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a device for
- FIG. 3A to 3D each show a schematic block diagram of an example of an input coupler which can be used in any exemplary embodiment of the device for enabling;
- Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a device for
- Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a device for
- Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a device for
- Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a device for
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a device, denoted generally by reference numeral 100, for enabling control of a power stage, denoted generally by reference numeral 200.
- the power stage 200 can be designed or used to drive or to collect current from an electrical machine, which is generally designated by reference numeral 300, ie an electric motor or an electric generator.
- the first exemplary embodiment of the device 100 includes a first input 102 for detecting a safety function signal and a second input 104 for detecting a reference potential of the safety function signal.
- the device 100 comprises a switch-off path 106 of the control.
- Other embodiments may include two or more shutdown paths 106 .
- Each switch-off path 106 includes an input coupler 110.
- the input coupler 110 is connected between the first input 102 and the second input 104 on the input side.
- the input coupler 110 is designed to transmit the safety function signal (optionally galvanically isolated in a first variant of each exemplary embodiment) from the first input 102 and from the second input 104 .
- each switch-off path 106 comprises at least one output 130 for driving a switch of a flag bridge of power stage 200 (e.g. a phase of power stage 200), preferably for driving a positive or negative section of the phase and/or a semiconductor switch (e.g. an IGBT) on high-side branch or on the low-side branch of power stage 200.
- a switch of a flag bridge of power stage 200 e.g. a phase of power stage 200
- a semiconductor switch e.g. an IGBT
- Each switch-off path 106 also includes a modulation logic unit 120, which is designed to logically combine a modulation signal 166 assigned to the respective switch (e.g. the positive or negative section of the phase) and the safety function signal transmitted by the respective input coupler 110, and at the output as a modulation signal 108 that can be enabled to spend
- the modulation signal preferably has two logic levels and/or corresponds to a pulse width modulation (PWM).
- the input coupler 110 symbol shown in FIG. 1 generally represents an isolating or non-isolating Input coupler 110.
- input coupler 110 may be as shown below in one of Figs. 3A to 3D shown schematically.
- the input coupler 110 can electrically isolate the safety function signal from the respective switch-off path 106 .
- the modulation signal 166 can be electrically isolated from an external modulator 160, for example in accordance with FIG. 3A.
- the inputs 102 and 104 of the safety function signal can be protected from a dangerous touch voltage (even in the event of a malfunction of one of the components of the respective switch-off path 106 or of the external modulator 160).
- the modulation signal 166 must be galvanically isolated, since either the input coupler 110 or the connection of the external modulator 160 must be a galvanically isolating component (e.g. an optocoupler) for electrical safety.
- a supply voltage of the input coupler 110 and/or the modulation logic unit 120 is preferably not controlled or not interrupted.
- the failure of the supply voltage in each switch-off path 106 can have the same effect as the transmitted safety function signal is no longer available, i.e. the control is enabled if the supply voltage fails.
- the one or at least two shutdown paths 106 can implement a safe torque interruption (i.e., a "Safe Torque Off or STO" function).
- the output 130 may include an output coupler for galvanically isolated transmission of the modulation signal 108 that can be enabled to the power stage 200 .
- the output coupler can include optocouplers (ie optical signal coupling) or inductive and/or capacitive signal coupling.
- first exemplary embodiment includes a switch-off path 106
- further exemplary embodiments for example in a further development of the first exemplary embodiment, can have two or more switch-off paths 106.
- the device 100 for driving a power stage 300 for single-phase alternating current can comprise two switch-off paths 106 for the upper (technically also: “high-side”) and lower (technically also: “low-side”) branch of a half-bridge.
- a third switch-off path can be provided for a microcontroller that monitors or tests the device.
- the device 100 for controlling a power stage 300 for three-phase current can have six switch-off paths 106 for the upper (technically also: “high-side”) and lower (technically also: “low-side”) branch of three half-bridges each (technically also: B6 bridge).
- a seventh switch-off path can be provided for a microcontroller that monitors or tests the device.
- one or at least two separate switch-off paths 106 can be provided in order to implement an STO function, for example in a variable-speed starter of electric motor 300 .
- a "STO+" signal (for example with a nominal voltage of 24 V) can be detected and/or connected to the first input 102 .
- An associated reference potential or reference potential ie an “STO-” signal (for example with a nominal voltage of 0 V) can be detected and/or connected to the second input 104 . If one of the two signals fails (e.g. if the corresponding input becomes potential-free or an electrical connection of the corresponding input becomes high-impedance), the transmitted safety function signal is lost in each switch-off path, ie the safety function is triggered.
- these two signals, STO+ and STO ⁇ are each electrically isolated from the respective switch-off path 106 by means of an optocoupler 110 in the input coupler 110 .
- the switch-off path or paths 106 can also be referred to as a channel or channels.
- the power stage 200 will be powered from a positive terminal 202 (DC+) and a negative terminal 204 (DC-) of a DC voltage (e.g. a DC mains or a rectified voltage).
- the power stage switches the DC voltage according to the modulation signal 166 to generate the corresponding (i.e. the modulation signal 166 assigned) phase for the electric machine 300.
- the device 100 can be implemented as a circuit part of the functional safety, preferably as a circuit part of the safety function STO.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a frequency converter, generally designated by reference numeral 400, for driving an electric motor 300.
- the first exemplary embodiment of the frequency converter 400 comprises a power stage 200 which is designed to switch or generate at least one phase of the electric motor 300 in accordance with at least one modulation signal 108 which can be activated.
- the power stage 200 can include a semiconductor bridge with two switches (for example semiconductor switches) per phase.
- the frequency converter 400 includes a modulator 160 which is designed to generate at least one modulation signal 166 for driving the at least one semiconductor bridge (for example the respective switch of the semiconductor bridge) of the power stage 200 .
- the frequency converter 400 also includes a device 100 for Enabling the activation of the power stage 200 according to one of the exemplary embodiments described herein, the device 100 logically linking the at least one modulation signal 166 of the modulator 160 with the transmitted safety function signal in each case in order to output the modulation signal 108 that can be enabled for the respective phase (e.g. the respective switch of the semiconductor bridge of the power stage 200).
- Each embodiment of the device 100 and/or the frequency converter 400 can comprise a converter or transformer 150 (for example a DC/DC converter) with galvanic isolation.
- the transformer 150 has a first galvanically isolated output 152, at which the transformer 150 provides a supply voltage for the device 100, preferably for the input coupler 110 and/or for the modulation logic unit 120 and/or the output 130.
- An optional second decoupled output 154 of the transformer 150 provides the supply voltage of the output 130 and/or an operating voltage at the inputs 162 and 164 of the modulator 160 and/or an operating voltage of a control unit (for example a microcontroller) of the device 100.
- a control unit for example a microcontroller
- the control is preferably enabled exclusively via the switch-off path(s) 106 (or one of the other switch-off paths 107A and/or 107B), while the supply and operating voltages of the other components of the device 100 and/or the frequency converter 400 are not controlled, for example not interrupted , become when the safety function signal is omitted.
- Embodiments of the device 100 or the frequency converter 400 can have a safety function for torque interruption (technically also referred to as “Safe Torque Off” or STO) by the power stage being controlled by the modulation signal 108 which can be activated (for example with a voltage of 0 V) to immediately interrupt a power supply to the electric motor 300 as a drive.
- STO Safety Torque Off
- the "STO" safety function of the frequency converter 400 controlling the drive 300 can interrupt the current and thus the torque of the drive.
- the drive 300 can no longer generate any torque after the STO has been switched off by means of the device 100 or the frequency converter 400 . With the interruption of the current, a torque of the drive 300 can be eliminated with immediate effect and the drive 300 can be stopped uncontrolled.
- the STO safety function can correspond to stop category 0 of the European standard EN 60204.
- a mechanical brake is advantageous for braking the drive 300, for example so that there is no undesired overrun or end positions are not exceeded.
- a mechanical brake or a mechanical lock can be designed to generate a braking torque or a holding torque for a shaft of electric motor 300 in response to the absence of the safety function signal, preferably around the to prevent possible position change in a torque-free drive 300.
- the device 100 may include a hold-off path.
- the hold-turn-off path includes an input coupler 110.
- the input coupler 110 is connected between the first input 102 and the second input 104 on the input side.
- the input coupler 110 is designed to send the safety function signal electrically isolated from the first input 102 and from the second input 104 to an electromechanical brake or transfer rotary lock. If the transmitted safety function signal is omitted, the brake generates the braking torque or the rotary lock generates the holding torque on a shaft of electrical machine 300.
- electric machine 300 may be an electric motor.
- the electric motor 300 can be a three-phase asynchronous motor, for example with a power consumption of 50 W to 3 kW.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the device 100 and a corresponding frequency converter according to a second exemplary embodiment.
- the second exemplary embodiment can be implemented on its own or as a further development of one of the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, for example the first exemplary embodiment.
- the input coupler 110 may comprise (at least) one transistor, for example instead of an optocoupler (i.e. the transistor need not be a photo-transistor).
- the transmitted safety function signal (for example in the device 100) is not electrically isolated from the safety function signal present at the first input 102 and/or the second input 104.
- a galvanic isolation 112 (for example an optocoupler or an inductive and/or capacitive signal coupling) can separate the modulation signal 166 (for example in the device 100 and/or at a modulation signal input of the device 100) from a modulator 160, which generates the modulation signal galvanically separate. This may be necessary to ensure electrical safety.
- the transformer 150 may be an insulation bridging device for electrical safety.
- FIG. 3A to 3D each show a schematic block diagram of an example of an input coupler that can be used in any embodiment of the device 100.
- FIG. The schematic block diagrams are simplified or can indicate a circuit principle that can be implemented, for example, by additional resistors and capacitors or as part of a larger circuit.
- Figs. 3A to 3D for the input coupler 110 i.e. the one input coupler 110 or each of the input couplers 110
- the examples can be used at the output 130 and/or for the optional galvanic isolation 112 of the modulation signal 166.
- a first example of input coupler 110 includes an optocoupler for signal coupling.
- the optocoupler can comprise a light-emitting diode which is connected between the first input 102 and the second input 104 (possibly in series with further input couplers).
- the optocoupler can also include a photo-transistor that can be illuminated by the light-emitting diode, the output of which is electrically isolated from the safety function signal on the input side.
- a second example of input coupler 110 includes a differential amplifier for signal coupling.
- the differential amplifier can be connected in parallel to a resistor which is connected between the first input 102 and the second input 104 (possibly in series with further input couplers 110).
- the differential amplifier can transmit the safety function signal on the output side.
- a third example of input coupler 110 includes a transistor (preferably not a photo-transistor) for signal coupling.
- the transistor can be connected on the input side (optionally in parallel with a resistor connected as in the second example) between the first input 102 and the second input 104 .
- the transistor can transmit the safety function signal on the output side.
- a fourth example of the input coupler 110 includes a current mirror for signal coupling.
- the current mirror can be connected on the input side (optionally in parallel with a resistor connected as in the second example) between the first input 102 and the second input 104 .
- the current mirror can transmit the safety function signal on the output side.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of the device 100 and a corresponding frequency converter according to a third exemplary embodiment.
- the third exemplary embodiment can be implemented on its own or as a further development of one of the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, for example the first and/or second exemplary embodiment.
- the third exemplary embodiment feeds the supply voltage from the safety function signal, preferably from the first input 102, to at least one or all of the components of the respective shutdown route (ie channel) 106 or of all shutdown routes 106, for example in addition to or instead of a transformer 150.
- the supplied components can use the input coupler 110 and/or the modulation logic unit 120.
- channel 106 is supplied from digital input 102-104 of the safety function signal (STO) and no longer via transformer 150.
- STO safety function signal
- an embodiment with the transformer 150 can reduce current consumption at the digital input 102-104.
- Output 130 (i.e., the output coupler at output 130) is preferably not powered by the safety function signal.
- the supply on the output side must not be galvanically connected to the input side.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of the device 100 and a corresponding frequency converter 400 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment.
- the fourth exemplary embodiment can be implemented on its own or as a further development of one of the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, for example the first to third exemplary embodiments.
- the fourth exemplary embodiment of device 100 can, for example in addition to the third exemplary embodiment, have a (preferably galvanically isolating) converter or transformer 150 (for example a DC/DC converter) for supplying at least one or all components of the respective shutdown path (ie channel) 106 or of all switch-off paths 106 include.
- the (preferably galvanically isolating) transformer 150 may be an external supply with respect to the channel 106 .
- the converter or transformer 150 does not electrically isolate its inputs 202 and 204 from an output 152 feeding the components, there must be no supply on the output side, i.e. no feeding of an output coupler (galvanically isolating the modulation signal 108 that can be activated) at the output 130 by means of the transformer 150, because the output 130 must not be galvanically connected to the input side. This means that the corresponding signal line 152 to the output 130 must then be omitted.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of the device 100 and a corresponding frequency converter 400 according to a fifth example.
- the fifth exemplary embodiment can be implemented on its own or as a further development of one of the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, for example the first to fourth exemplary embodiments.
- the fifth exemplary embodiment comprises at least two switch-off paths 106, for example two switch-off paths for each phase generated by the power stage 200 for driving the electric motor 300 or two switch-off paths for all (for example three) phases generated by the power stage 200 for driving the electric motor 300.
- a modulation signal 166 For the at least one modulation logic unit 120 of the first switch-off path 106 (e.g. per phase), the modulator 160 generates a pulse-width-modulated signal 166 to generate the phase section of positive voltage (e.g. positive with respect to a time-averaged voltage of the respective phase) or to control an upper (also : high-side) branch of a half-bridge for generating the respective phase in the power stage 200.
- the modulator 160 also generates a pulse width moduli as the modulation signal 168 of the at least one modulation logic unit 120 of the second switch-off path 106 (for example per phase). ed signal 168 for generating the phase section of negative voltage (e.g. with regard to a time-averaged voltage of the respective phase) or for driving a lower (also: low-side) branch of the half-bridge for generating the respective phase in the power stage 200.
- the inputs 102 and/or 104 can be compatible with test pulses from safety switching devices.
- the test pulses are filtered out, preferably in each switch-off path 106 (and possibly in each of the other switch-off paths 107A and/or 107B).
- Exemplary embodiments of the device 100 and/or the frequency converter 400 can be designed for both positive and negative test pulses.
- a filter time for filtering out the test pulses is preferably independent of a voltage level at inputs 102 and/or 104.
- the device 100 includes at least one modulator turn-off path 107A.
- Each modulator shutdown path 107A includes an input coupler 110.
- the input coupler 110 is connected on the input side between the first input 102 and the second input 104, for example in series with the input couplers 110 of the shutdown paths 106.
- the input coupler 110 of the modulator shutdown path 107A is designed for this purpose to transmit the safety function signal electrically isolated from the first input 102 and from the second input 104 as a (for example logically inverted) switch-off instruction 142 for switching off the modulation signals 166 and 168 to the modulator 160.
- the device 100 for example the modulator disable path 107A, may include the modulator 160 controlled by the transmitted safety function signal.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of the device 100 and a corresponding frequency converter 400 according to a sixth exemplary embodiment.
- the sixth exemplary embodiment can be implemented on its own or as a further development of one of the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, for example the first to fifth exemplary embodiments.
- Each switch-off path 106 preferably includes a filter 122, for example a low-pass filter 122.
- the filter 122 can be connected between the input coupler 110 and the modulation logic unit 120, for example between a test logic unit 121 and the modulation logic unit 120.
- the galvanic isolation by means of the respective input coupler 110 makes it possible to implement the switch-off path(s) 106 on the potential of driving the power stage 200 that is dangerous to touch.
- the device 100 can use a microcontroller 140 located at this potential for diagnostic purposes and/or in a microcontroller shutdown path 107B (for example in a third shutdown path or in a further shutdown path).
- the transmitted Safety function signal within the shutdown path 106 may be represented by a voltage greater than 100V.
- the filter 122 may include an amplifier 124 configured to amplify the transmitted safety function signal to the potential of the power stage 200 drive.
- the filter 122 can include a low-pass filter 126 and/or a Schmitt trigger 128, preferably an inverting Schmitt trigger 128.
- a first switch-off path 106 does not forward a first PWM signal (as first modulation signal 166) from modulator 160 (as high-side driver).
- a second switch-off path 106 does not forward a second PWM signal (as a second modulation signal 168) from the modulator 160 (as a low-side driver).
- Each embodiment of the device 100 may further include a microcontroller shutdown path 107B, for example as a third shutdown path and/or as shown schematically in FIG. 7 .
- the microcontroller shutdown path 107B includes an input coupler 110.
- the input coupler 110 is connected on the input side between the first input 102 and the second input 104, for example in series with the input couplers 110 of the shutdown paths 106 and/or the input coupler 110 of the shutdown path 107A.
- the input coupler 110 of the microcontroller shutdown path 107B is designed to transmit the safety function signal electrically isolated from the first input 102 and from the second input 104 to a microcontroller 140 of the shutdown path 107B of the device 100 .
- the microcontroller 140 can be designed to check, in response to the absence of the safety function signal, at a signal tap at the output 130 of each switch-off path 106 whether the modulation signal that can be enabled is actually switched off, for example set to 0 V or DC-.
- microcontroller 140 is configured to, in response to the absence of the safety function signal, issue a switch-off instruction 142 to switch off the modulation signal to modulator 160, for example to transmit a switch-off instruction 142 to switch off modulation signals 166 and 168 to modulator 160.
- microcontroller 140 turns PWM signals 166 and 168 off.
- the device 100 for example the modulator disable path 107A, may include the modulator 160 controlled by the transmitted safety function signal.
- the modulator 160 can be arranged in the frequency converter 400 outside the device 100 .
- all signals e.g. the transmitted safety function signal and/or the modulation signal 166 or 168 of the modulator 160 and/or the modulation signal 108 that can be activated
- the supply voltage of the first output 152 of the transformer 150 and/or the operating voltage of the second output 154 of the transformer 150 can be decoupled from one another.
- test logic unit 121 may be installed as a test switch.
- a test logic unit 121 can be connected between the input coupler 110 and the modulation logic unit 120, for example between the input coupler 110 and the filter 122.
- Test logic unit 121 can be designed to logically link the modulation signal transmitted by input coupler 110 and a test signal 144, for example according to an AND operation, and to output this in shutdown path 106, for example to filter 122 or to modulation logic unit 120.
- the device 100 can include a control unit 140, for example the aforementioned microcontroller 140, for checking the switching capability and/or the behavior over time.
- a control unit 140 for example the aforementioned microcontroller 140, for checking the switching capability and/or the behavior over time.
- the control unit 140 can be designed to use a test signal 144 (for example a logic zero) to simulate the absence of the safety function signal in the respective switch-off path 106 .
- the control unit 140 can also be designed to detect (for example scan) a voltage profile of the transmitted safety function signal at a signal tap 129 in the respective switch-off path 106 between the test logic unit 121 and the modulation logic unit 120 . If the transmitted safety function signal is omitted at the signal tap 129 within a predetermined time window after the output of the test signal 144 for simulating the omitted safety function signal, the result of the check is an operating state of the device 100. Otherwise the result of the check is an error state. In the error state, the control unit 140 can output the error state (e.g.
- the switch-off instruction 142 to switch off the modulation signal 166 and/or 168 to the modulator 160 (preferably regardless of whether the safety function signal is present at inputs 102 and 104 or has been omitted).
- control unit 140 for example the aforementioned microcontroller 140
- the control unit 140 can be designed to carry out at least one of the following control functions.
- a first control function is starting the motor 300, preferably as a soft start (technically also: soft start) with power limitation when the motor 300 is switched on.
- a second control function is reversing the motor 300.
- the modulation logic unit 120 and/or the test logic unit 121 can include at least one logic gate (preferably an AND element) to implement the respective logic operation (for example a corresponding Boolean operation).
- One output coupler 130 (such as an optocoupler) is required for each switch.
- a total of six output couplers 130 e.g. optocouplers
- six modulation logic units 120 are required as the electrical machine 300 (ie three phases, each of which is controlled by a half-bridge with two switches).
- the six output couplers 130 output six modulation signals 108 which can be enabled.
- the AND elements 120 (and above them the output couplers 130) for different switches of the half bridges can be connected to the same input coupler 110 or to the same test logic unit 121 or to the same filter 122. That is, one or each of the shutdown paths 106 can have more than one output coupler 130 include.
- different switches of the half-bridges can each be connected to their own switch-off paths 106.
- the device 100 may include more than two shutdown paths 106 .
- the device 100 can be provided or used as a safety function of the frequency converter 400 . Alternatively or additionally, the device 100 can bring about a current interruption in the control of the frequency converter 400 .
- a safety function signal preferably an STO signal 102
- Controller shutdown path preferably microcontroller shutdown path 107B
- Input coupler of the safety function signal preferably galvanically isolating, e.g. optocoupler, or differential amplifier, e.g. at voltage divider 110 Galvanic isolation of the modulation signal 112
- Modulation logic unit e.g. AND gate 120
- Test logic unit for example AND gate 121
- Filter for example low-pass filter 122
- Schm itt trigger preferably inverting Schm itt trigger 128
- Output of the modulation signal that can be enabled, preferably a galvanically isolating output coupler, for example optocoupler 130
- Control unit for example monitoring of the safety function 140
- Modulator e.g. microcontroller or clock generator for PWM signal 160 Operating signal input 162
- First modulation signal for example PWM signal for positive phase section and/or for semiconductor switches of a high-side branch 166
- Second modulation signal for example PWM signal for negative phase section and/or for semiconductor switches of a low-side branch 168
- Power stage e.g. half-bridge, H-bridge or B6-bridge 200
- First mains connection e.g. positive connection to the DC voltage mains 202
- Second mains connection e.g. negative connection to the DC voltage mains 204
- Electrical machine preferably three-phase asynchronous machine 300
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE20205507A BE1028460B1 (de) | 2020-07-08 | 2020-07-08 | Technik zur Freischaltung einer Ansteuerung einer Leistungsstufe |
| PCT/EP2021/068825 WO2022008590A1 (de) | 2020-07-08 | 2021-07-07 | Technik zur freischaltung einer ansteuerung einer leistungsstufe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4179621A1 true EP4179621A1 (de) | 2023-05-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21742806.9A Pending EP4179621A1 (de) | 2020-07-08 | 2021-07-07 | Technik zur freischaltung einer ansteuerung einer leistungsstufe |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12143045B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4179621A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115777175A (de) |
| BE (1) | BE1028460B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022008590A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20240332950A1 (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2024-10-03 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Motor control device and motor control method |
| DE102022203770A1 (de) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH | Bremssystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Bremssystems |
| CN115224668A (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-21 | 苏州安驰控制系统有限公司 | 安全转矩关断控制电路以及控制系统 |
| IT202300007197A1 (it) * | 2023-04-14 | 2024-10-14 | St Microelectronics Int Nv | Circuito di sicurezza per un dispositivo di pilotaggio di gate, dispositivo di pilotaggio di gate e sistema di pilotaggio corrispondenti |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10059173C5 (de) * | 2000-11-29 | 2004-07-15 | Siemens Ag | Antriebssteuerung für einen Drehstrommotor über einen Wechselrichter in sicherer Technik |
| DE102011003922A1 (de) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-16 | Lenze Automation Gmbh | Steuergerät mit Safe-Torque-Off-Funktion für einen Elektromotor |
| JP5810305B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-21 | 2015-11-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 点灯装置及び照明器具 |
| WO2014139549A1 (de) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Baumüller Nürnberg GmbH | Sichere spannungsverbindung eines antriebswechselrichters |
| EP2930844B1 (de) * | 2014-04-10 | 2018-07-04 | ABB Schweiz AG | Verfahren für sicher abgeschaltetes moment |
| EP3166218B1 (de) * | 2014-07-04 | 2021-12-01 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Stromrichter |
| DE102015120023A1 (de) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-24 | Keba Ag | Elektrischer Antrieb für einen industriellen Roboter |
| CN109428585B (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2022-09-06 | 浙江海利普电子科技有限公司 | 基于光耦的控制电路及其方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-08 BE BE20205507A patent/BE1028460B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2021
- 2021-07-07 US US18/014,761 patent/US12143045B2/en active Active
- 2021-07-07 WO PCT/EP2021/068825 patent/WO2022008590A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-07 EP EP21742806.9A patent/EP4179621A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-07 CN CN202180048190.2A patent/CN115777175A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE1028460A1 (de) | 2022-02-01 |
| CN115777175A (zh) | 2023-03-10 |
| WO2022008590A1 (de) | 2022-01-13 |
| US20230299706A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
| US12143045B2 (en) | 2024-11-12 |
| BE1028460B1 (de) | 2022-02-07 |
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