EP4175792A2 - Verfahren zum betreiben eines systems und system, aufweisend einen stapel von objekten, einen roboter, einen sensor und ein aufnahmemittel - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben eines systems und system, aufweisend einen stapel von objekten, einen roboter, einen sensor und ein aufnahmemittelInfo
- Publication number
- EP4175792A2 EP4175792A2 EP21733424.2A EP21733424A EP4175792A2 EP 4175792 A2 EP4175792 A2 EP 4175792A2 EP 21733424 A EP21733424 A EP 21733424A EP 4175792 A2 EP4175792 A2 EP 4175792A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- receiving means
- stack
- sensor
- measuring direction
- method step
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1679—Program controls characterised by the tasks executed
- B25J9/1687—Assembly, peg and hole, palletising, straight line, weaving pattern movement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37002—Absence, detect absence, presence or correct position of workpiece
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40006—Placing, palletize, un palletize, paper roll placing, box stacking
Definitions
- Method for operating a system and system comprising a stack of objects, a robot, a sensor and a receiving means
- the invention relates to a method for operating a system and system having a stack of objects, a robot, a sensor and a receiving means.
- robots have machine axes which are controlled by a controller of the robot.
- a handling device is known from DE 102017 206 995 A1 as the closest prior art.
- a position control device is known from DE 11 2017 007 025 T5.
- a method for recording a contour part is known from DE 10 2012 203 134 A1.
- a mobile robot loading cell is known from DE 20 2011 003431 U1.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of developing the most efficient possible mode of operation of a robot, in particular a handling system.
- the object is achieved in the method according to the features specified in claim 1 and in the system according to the features specified in claim 12.
- the system has a stack of objects, a robot, a sensor and a receiving means, the sensor being arranged to be movable together with the receiving means by the robot Recording means is moved guided by the robot along a target path curve, in particular with tracking errors occurring, in a second method step, in particular subsequent to the first method step, during this guided movement the sensor detects the stack, in particular an edge of the stack, wherein the, in particular to Spatial position P_M of the receiving means associated with this detection is detected and / or determined, a position of the stack, in particular a position of the edge of the stack, being detected along a measuring direction of the sensor and / or the sensor being designed as a reflection light scanner for determination the position of the stack, in particular a position of the edge of the stack, along a measuring direction, the sensor being at a non-vanishing distance
- the transfer position for picking up or depositing the object can be approached very precisely in the measuring direction. This is because the position in the measuring direction is precisely determined even if the position for detection is passed at an angle to the measuring direction or if there are significant tracking errors.
- the sensor emits light essentially perpendicular to the measuring direction, while the sensor, together with the receiving means, moves closer and closer to the stack in the measuring direction or is lowered to the side of the stack. As soon as the top edge of the stack, i.e.
- the topmost object of the stack reflects the light
- the sensor generates a trigger signal that triggers the storage of the machine axis positions and the robot control can then determine the spatial position of the receiving means at which the transfer of the Object is enabled, so a picking up or releasing.
- the position of the upper edge in the measuring direction is correctly determined and used to calculate the remaining travel.
- the deviations perpendicular to the measuring direction can be used to determine the mass of the receptacle and / or for other purposes.
- the remaining path is used to move the receiving means to the transfer position so that the transfer, that is, the picking up of the topmost object of the stack or the depositing of an object picked up by the receiving means and transported to the transfer position, can be carried out.
- the travel movement can be stopped, it can also be driven through, for example continuing to travel corresponding to an impact against a wall.
- the speed component in the direction perpendicular to the measuring direction is only changed in the ratio of the change in mass during transfer, in particular so that the sign remains unchanged.
- the sign of the speed direction parallel to the measuring direction is reversed, whereby it is also changed as a function of the mass change ratio during the transfer.
- the senor is a reflection light scanner, in particular the emitted light beam of which is oriented essentially perpendicular to the measuring direction.
- the advantage here is that a particularly cost-effective and precise sensor can be used, the sensitive area of which extends perpendicular to the measuring direction, so that when at least partial movement in the measuring direction enables precise detection of the position in the measuring direction.
- a fifth method step in particular subsequent to the fourth method step, an object from the stack is picked up by the pick-up means or an object picked up by the pick-up means is placed on the stack, in particular where for this transfer, i.e. this pick-up or drop-off the transfer position P_C the receiving means comes to a standstill briefly or essentially not at all.
- the advantage here is that a pick or a place can be carried out. In both cases, the position required for the transfer is precisely maintained, at least as seen in the measuring direction. This is because the sensor has determined the upper edge and from this has precisely determined the coordinate value in the measuring direction.
- the receiving means is moved away from the stack in a sixth method step, in particular following the fifth method step in time.
- a further travel can be carried out, with which the receiving means can be removed from the stack.
- the move command that was currently valid before the transfer is either terminated prematurely if it has not yet been fully processed when the transfer position is reached, or it is extended until the transfer position is reached if it has already been processed before the transfer position has been reached.
- the speed component perpendicular to the measuring direction equals the speed component that is perpendicular to the measuring direction before reaching the transfer position P_C and is multiplied by a factor, the factor being the ratio of the mass of the receiving means moved before reaching the transfer position P_C recorded object and the moving mass of the recording means including the recorded object after passing through the transfer position P_C.
- the speed of the receiving means is determined according to an impact between the receiving means including the object and the stack, carried out with conservation of momentum and energy, the mass of the object being transferred between the receiving means and the stack at the transfer position, in particular the mass of the stack is very much larger than the mass of the object, especially in the limit value is infinitely larger than the mass of the object.
- the advantage here is that the movement around the transfer can be carried out in accordance with an impact against a wall and thus stopping, that is to say stopping, at the transfer position can be avoided.
- the transfer itself has to take place very quickly, so that a vacuum suction device is advantageous here - especially in comparison to a gripping tool.
- the execution of the last travel command before position P_C is reached is continued until position P_C is reached and / or is terminated when position P_C is reached.
- the mass of the object recorded by the recording means is determined from the distance b between P_P and P_M, the values of kinematic parameters used for the guided movement in the first method step, in particular acceleration, braking acceleration and / or jerk, in the fourth method step can be changed depending on the specific value of the mass, in particular inversely proportional to the mass.
- the advantage here is that the distance to the target trajectory curve within the projection plane is a measure of the mass, since the kinematic parameters are specified.
- the parameters used after the detection can be adapted as a function of the mass value determined in this way.
- the target trajectory is shifted by the distance vector P_M - P_P and the recording means is moved along this displaced target trajectory from the position P_M to a position P_C spaced apart in the measuring direction by the distance d, in particular that on the shifted target trajectory.
- the advantage here is that slippage of the stack can be taken into account and thus the desired trajectory curve can be displaced within the projection plane, that is perpendicular to the measuring direction, on the basis of the displacement found. Slipping or shifting of the stack can therefore be recognized and even compensated without the need for an additional sensor.
- the system has a robot with a machine axes moving the receiving means in a guided manner, a controller of the robot controlling the machine axes in such a way that the actual position of the receiving means is guided along a target path curve, in particular where following errors occur.
- the advantage here is that following errors are permitted in the guided movement and can be taken into account in the case of pick and / or place.
- a measure for the mass of the object can even be determined from the following error-related deviations, with which the following parameters of the control can then be changed.
- the senor is a photoelectric proximity switch.
- the advantage here is that a very cost-effective and precise determination of the stack, in particular the top edge of the stack, is made possible.
- the receiving means is a gripping tool, a vacuum suction device or an electromagnet.
- the advantage here is that a faster transfer is possible.
- each machine axis has a means for detecting the machine axis position, in particular wherein the means is designed in such a way that the machine axis position can be determined triggered by the sensor.
- the stacking direction is aligned parallel to the measuring direction.
- a robot according to the invention with a sensor 10 moved in the measuring direction is schematically sketched in FIG. 1, the term robot also including handling systems and portals.
- FIG. 2 shows the projection of a measuring point P_M in a plane perpendicular to the measuring direction onto the target trajectory.
- FIG. 3 shows the case in which the distance to be covered after the detection to the receiving position of an object in the receiving stack 17 is shorter than the planned straight-line travel to position P17.
- FIG. 4 shows the case in which the distance to be covered after the detection to the receiving position of an object in the receiving stack 17 is shorter than the planned curved journey to position P17.
- FIG. 5 shows the case in which the distance to be covered after the detection to the receiving position of an object in the receiving stack 17 is longer than the planned trip to position P17.
- FIG. 6 shows the rescheduling of the movement after the remaining path has been traveled after the detection.
- the robot has machine axes, in the direction of which a receiving means, in particular a gripping tool, controllable electromagnet, vacuum suction head or the like, can be moved.
- a receiving means in particular a gripping tool, controllable electromagnet, vacuum suction head or the like, can be moved.
- a first machine axis 11 is designed, for example, as a vertical axis of the robot, in particular a handling system or portal, and a machine axis 12 aligned perpendicular thereto is designed, for example, as a horizontal axis of the robot, in particular a handling system or portal.
- a sensor 10, which makes the upper edge of a receiving stack 13 detectable, is arranged at a distance from the receiving means 17.
- the receiving stack 13 consists of a stack of objects which are preferably arranged one above the other in the vertical direction.
- the sensor 10 is sensitive in a measuring direction which, for example, corresponds to the direction of gravity.
- the recording means 17 is moved along a desired trajectory curve, the desired trajectory curve being stored in a controller of the robot as a sequence of positions.
- Each machine axis (11, 12) has an electric motor fed by an inverter and a position detection means, in particular an angle sensor for detecting the rotational position of the rotor of the electric motor.
- the sensor 10 comes closer and closer to the receiving stack 13 in the measuring direction and the sensor 10 detects the upper edge of the stack as it approaches the upper edge as soon as the upper edge is less than a minimum distance from the sensor 10.
- the sensor 10 When the upper edge is detected by the sensor 10, the sensor 10 generates a signal which is fed to the inverters of the machine axes and causes the current position P_M detected by the position detection means to be stored.
- the associated spatial position P_M of the recording means 17 is determined from the position values recorded in this way, in particular by the control of the robot. This position P_M is very precise due to the rapid and direct reading out of the detected position values, in particular thus at a small distance from the position of the recording means 17 actually present during the detection.
- the sensor 10 detects the upper edge in a measuring direction, which is shown in the figures with the Z-direction. As described, the Z value of the position P_M is thus determined very precisely, since the current position is recorded directly and immediately.
- a nominal trajectory 21 is specified during the movement of the receiving means 17 by specifying a sequence of positions (P15, P16, P17, P18) and the nominal trajectory can be calculated as the interpolation of these points.
- tracking errors and disturbances occur which cause the actual trajectory to deviate from the target trajectory.
- linear interpolation with smoothing or spline interpolation can be used as interpolation.
- the position P_M can be spaced from the target trajectory.
- a projected position P_P is now determined in a next method step in that the Z value, i.e. the coordinate value assigned to point P_M in the measuring direction, is retained and a projection onto the nominal path curve 21 within the plane 20 perpendicular to the measuring direction is performed.
- the position P_P which is closest to the position P_M is determined, which is on the target trajectory 21 and has the same Z value as P_M.
- the highest object is picked up by the receiving means 17.
- the associated position is marked with P_C in the figures.
- the onward journey to position P17 is initially stopped after position P_C has been reached, in that the corresponding movement command is rejected and thus sufficient time is made available to record the object.
- a curved nominal path curve is specified.
- the tangent to the nominal path curve is arcuate, in particular S-shaped.
- the Z value i.e. the coordinate value in the measuring direction of P_P and P_M, is the same, so that within the projection plane 20 the distance b between P_P and P_M is greater, in particular more than a multiple greater, than the distance a can.
- control also has a means for tracking error monitoring, which causes an action such as a warning and / or stopping, activating a safety state or switching off the robot when the permissible level of tracking error is exceeded, only permissible tracking error deviations occur. If, however, the target trajectory curve passes through position P_M at an angle of almost 90 °, the distance b is very much greater than the maximum permissible following error.
- the distance d in the measuring direction between P_P and P_C is maintained.
- the remaining path d thus corresponds to the distance between the sensor 10 and the working area of the receiving means 17 in the measuring direction.
- the recording means 17 is brought to the recording of the object precisely in the measuring direction to the position P_C, where the recording of the object is carried out.
- the next further lower-lying pick position that is to say the next pick-up position, can be determined for the next object to be removed from the pick-up stack 17.
- the last travel command to reach a position P17 would be completed when traveling the remaining distance d and thus the further travel would be stopped at position P17, which is why that travel command is extended in the invention which is valid when the transfer position P17 is reached, in particular passed through. Only when the lower-lying transfer position P_C is reached is the receiving means 17 able to remove the object from the receiving stack 13.
- the pick-up position for the next object is one stack height lower in the measuring direction than the transfer position P_C.
- the stack can have a variable height15.
- the sensor 10 is preferably designed as a reflection light scanner, the emitted light of which is directed essentially perpendicular to the measuring direction. Thus, an object struck by this light reflects the light back to the sensor 10.
- the stacking direction is parallel to the measuring direction. In this way, the coordinate of the upper edge of the stack in the measuring direction can be detected very precisely.
- the mass of the object recorded with the recording means 17 is determined from the distance b between P_P and P_M. If, for example, no object has been picked up by the recording means 17, the distance b is smaller than when a massive object is picked up by the recording means 17.
- the kinematic parameters are adapted during the further guided movement along the target path curve, in particular during braking before the object is later deposited on the deposit stack 14. Because those of the engines of the Acceleration torques and braking torques that can be generated by machine axes are limited to a maximum permissible value. Therefore, for example, the braking acceleration of the object is to be adapted to the mass; for example, if the mass is larger, a smaller braking acceleration is specified for guided movement along the target path curve.
- the method is not used to pick up an object from the receiving stack 13, but rather to depositing an object picked up by the receiving means 17 on a deposit stack 14.
- the term transfer is used here as a generic term for picking up, in particular picking, and depositing, in particular place. Therefore the position P_C can be designated as a transfer position.
- the position P_C is replaced by P_C + P_M-P_P.
- the position P_C is thus shifted by the difference vector between P_M and P_P. This increases the certainty that the object can actually be picked up by the pickup means 17 when the pickup position is reached. This is particularly advantageous if the distance b is greater or even very much greater than the distance a, in particular because of a very oblique passage through the position P_P or P_M. Driving through it at an angle is useful when looking for the stack. If, for example, the stack has been moved and the robot could not detect an object in the expected spatial area, a search drive is necessary.
- the offset can then be determined, taking into account the offset within the projection plane 20, and a new target trajectory can be determined therefrom, which then allows a less inclined travel through the detection 1.
- the machine axis mentioned in each case is formed by a machine axis system, that is to say by a combination of several axes of the robot.
- the first machine axis that is to say the vertically oriented machine axis, for example, can be implemented by a combination of machine axes which then each have an electric motor fed by a respective inverter.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020004002 | 2020-07-02 | ||
| PCT/EP2021/065956 WO2022002571A2 (de) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-06-14 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines systems und system, aufweisend einen stapel von objekten, einen roboter, einen sensor und ein aufnahmemittel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4175792A2 true EP4175792A2 (de) | 2023-05-10 |
Family
ID=76522962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21733424.2A Pending EP4175792A2 (de) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-06-14 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines systems und system, aufweisend einen stapel von objekten, einen roboter, einen sensor und ein aufnahmemittel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4175792A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021003002A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022002571A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115816511B (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2025-02-07 | 南京工程学院 | 一种检测并联机器人平台位姿的装置和计算方法 |
| DE202023105907U1 (de) | 2023-10-12 | 2025-02-11 | Marelli Automotive Lighting Reutlingen (Germany) GmbH | Kühlkörper für ein Projektionslichtmodul eines Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfers |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19600309C1 (de) | 1996-01-06 | 1997-02-06 | Tack Engineering Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Werkstück-Lageerkennung beim Heftschweißen |
| DE19806231C1 (de) * | 1998-02-16 | 1999-07-22 | Jenoptik Jena Gmbh | Einrichtung zum Greifen eines Objektes |
| US6167322A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-12-26 | Holbrooks; Orville Ray | Intelligent wafer handling system and method |
| DE202011003431U1 (de) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-06-09 | Fanuc Robotics Deutschland Gmbh | Mobile Roboter Be- und Entladezelle |
| JP5633500B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-04 | 2014-12-03 | 株式会社安川電機 | 荷役装置及び荷役方法 |
| DE102012203134A1 (de) | 2012-02-29 | 2013-08-29 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufnehmen eines Konturteils |
| DE102014008665A1 (de) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | Audi Ag | Vorrichtung zum Transportieren, Vorformen und Ablegen flächiger Faserhalbzeugzuschnitte, sowie hieran verwendbare Greifeinrichtung |
| WO2018146769A1 (ja) | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 位置制御装置及び位置制御方法 |
| DE102017206995A1 (de) | 2017-04-26 | 2018-10-31 | Krones Aktiengesellschaft | Handhabungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Umgang mit in mindestens einer Reihe hintereinander bewegten Stückgütern |
-
2021
- 2021-06-14 EP EP21733424.2A patent/EP4175792A2/de active Pending
- 2021-06-14 DE DE102021003002.8A patent/DE102021003002A1/de active Pending
- 2021-06-14 WO PCT/EP2021/065956 patent/WO2022002571A2/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022002571A3 (de) | 2022-02-24 |
| WO2022002571A2 (de) | 2022-01-06 |
| DE102021003002A1 (de) | 2022-01-05 |
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