EP4170261A1 - Water-cooling machine exposed to the surroundings outside a building envelope - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building with a preferably single-stage refrigeration machine installed outside the building shell where it is exposed to the outside temperature for temperature control of the building interior, with an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser in which water-based refrigerant circulates and with a recooling mesh with a recooler for recooling the fluid that has been condensed again in the condenser Refrigerant by releasing its heat to the environment, characterized in that the recooler mesh has a bypass via which the cooling medium flowing in the recooler mesh can be fed back to the refrigeration machine past the recooler when the refrigeration machine is exposed to frost, and in that the recooler is designed as an adiabatic recooler, which is preferably wetted with water when the chiller is exposed to heat. Furthermore, the invention relates to a chiller system for use in a building.

Description

The invention relates to a building controlled by a refrigerating machine according to the preamble of claim 1, and a corresponding refrigerating machine system or a refrigerating machine according to the preamble of the relevant additional main claim.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Chillers usually work with non-aqueous refrigerants. According to DIN 8960 paragraph 3.1, a refrigerant is a working medium that absorbs heat in a refrigeration machine process at low temperature and low pressure and emits heat at higher temperature and higher pressure.

In the past, CFCs were used as refrigerants, not least because of their non-flammability and other inert properties. However, CFCs are known to be highly ozone-depleting and have therefore been largely displaced today. There are many other refrigerants available that are less of a concern.

In recent years, chillers that work with water as the refrigerant or with a water-based refrigerant have been increasingly developed. The advantage of so-called water chillers is that water is neither flammable nor toxic.

The problem that water in a water chiller operated in a cold environment under unfavorable circumstances, even then if the ambient temperature is not yet below 0°, can freeze locally and then cause the water chiller to fail, this has usually been avoided up to now by accommodating water chillers inside the protective building shell and only the mesh used for recooling led out of the building in order to be able to give off heat to the environment.

Last but not least, where a building is to be retrofitted with a water chiller for the first time, the need for the water chiller to be accommodated within the protective building shell causes problems. In the case of existing buildings in particular, having to create the appropriate installation space within the building envelope may require some effort.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is a first object of the invention to create a building with a water chiller positioned outside the building envelope or to specify a chiller system suitable for this purpose.

SOLUTION ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

According to the invention, a building with a potentially frost-exposed, preferably single-stage refrigeration machine for temperature control of the interior of the building, mounted outside the building shell, is proposed according to the invention. The chiller has an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser. Ideally, these components form a sealed circuit under reduced pressure or in a vacuum. The water-based refrigerant, preferably R718, circulates in this. In this case, a re-cooling loop, which is usually coupled in via a heat exchanger, is provided with a re-cooler in the form of an ambient heat exchanger. The ambient heat exchanger recools the refrigerant that has been condensed again in the condenser by releasing heat to the environment. According to the invention, the recooling mesh has a bypass. Cooling medium flowing in the recooler loop can be fed back to the refrigeration machine past the recooler via the bypass. The bypass is preferably a controllable bypass that allows partial mass flows through the dry cooler. The controllable bypass is effected by the steplessly controllable bypass valve, which causes the flow of continuously controllable partial mass flows to the recooler.

In this way, it is possible to set up a chiller that works with water-based refrigerants outside the building shell in a potentially frost-exposed position. As soon as the outside temperature at the installation site of the chiller has dropped so much that there is a risk of the refrigerant being subcooled inside the chiller to such an extent that ice formation is to be feared, the coolant circulating in the recooler mesh is routed past the recooler. As a result, no or almost no heat is withdrawn from the recooler. In the extreme case, after repeated, essentially cooling-free running through the recooling mesh, it even heats up to such an extent that the temperature of the refrigeration machine can be controlled to prevent ice formation.

In this way, it is possible to keep the refrigeration machine free of ice despite its frost-exposed installation outside the building shell - as long as it is actively working, for example because process heat has to be removed from the inside of the building shell all year round - even if pure water is circulating in it as a refrigerant .

This leads directly to the definition of the claim term "water-based refrigerant". This is preferably understood to mean the water also referred to as R718, specifically drinking water, ideally in demineralized form.

The positioning of the chiller outside the building envelope has decisive advantages. No space is required within the building envelope to set up the chiller. On the building side, it only has to be ensured that the medium to be cooled is routed outside to the installation site of the chiller. This has the decisive advantage that the refrigeration machine can be installed without refrigeration specialists. The single-stage design of the refrigeration machine is particularly preferred because the temperature control, which counteracts icing, can then be controlled particularly well.

In addition, in order to achieve this first object, a refrigerating machine system is proposed for use in a building of the type mentioned above. The refrigerating machine system comprises a preferably single-stage refrigerating machine, which can be attached at least potentially frost-exposed outside the building envelope, for temperature control of the building interior. The chiller owns an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser in which water-based refrigerant circulates. The chiller system is provided with a recooling loop with a recooler for recooling the refrigerant which has been condensed again in the condenser by releasing its heat to the environment. It is characterized in that the recooling loop has a bypass via which the cooling medium flowing in the recooling loop can be fed back to the refrigerating machine past the ambient heat exchanger.

PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Ideally, the refrigeration machine has a controller that actuates a valve depending on the current temperature of the refrigerant, which influences whether and preferably how much of the cooling medium flowing through the recooler mesh is routed past the recooler via the bypass. For this purpose, one or more measuring sensors are provided on or in the refrigerating machine, the signal of which triggers countermeasures, ie in particular the corresponding control of the bypass valve, if a state is detected in which icing is to be expected.

The term control is initially understood here in a broad sense and includes control in the narrower sense as well as regulation. In an optional variant, for example, a 3-dimensional map and/or a look-up table is stored to control the system in order to use the customer-side required cooling capacity and the temperature rise to determine a required speed

FURTHER OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Another object of the invention is to create a building with a water chiller positioned outside the building shell, or a chiller system suitable for this purpose, which also works efficiently in hot climate zones or at high summer temperatures.

FURTHER SOLUTION ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

According to the invention, a building is proposed to solve this further object, preferably but not only according to one of the preceding claims, which is equipped with a potentially heat-exposed, preferably single-stage refrigeration machine for temperature control of the building interior, which is mounted outside the building shell. The chiller includes an evaporator, a compressor, and a condenser. In this circulated water-based refrigerant, preferably R718. Here, too, a recooling loop is provided with a recooler for recooling the refrigerant that has been condensed again in the condenser by releasing its heat to the environment.

According to the invention, the recooler is designed as at least predominantly or essentially, otherwise completely adiabatic recooler, which is preferably wetted/loaded with water on the side swept by the ambient air. A dry cooler designed in this way can also be used in hot climates or under direct exposure to the midday sun in temperate zones is very effective. This is because, through the evaporation of the water wetting it, it can give off the heat it has to give off as evaporation heat to the water, which is then dissipated into the environment as water vapor and thus transports energy away. In a further optional embodiment, the recooler can also be designed as a dry recooler. In this embodiment, wetting of the recooler with water vapor is preferably dispensed with. As a result, the dry cooler becomes easier to care for and requires less maintenance in a particularly advantageous manner, and water consumption is also reduced.

In addition, to achieve this further object, a chiller system for use in a building according to claim 4 is proposed. It includes a potentially heat-exposed, preferably single-stage refrigeration machine, mounted outside the building shell, for temperature control of the building interior. The chiller has an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser in which water-based refrigerant circulates.

The chiller system is equipped with a recooling loop with a recooler for recooling the refrigerant liquefied again in the condenser by releasing its heat to the environment. It is characterized in that the recooler is designed as a predominantly, better essentially or ideally completely adiabatic recooler, which is preferably wetted/loaded with water.

PREFERRED DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Ideally, the air humidification device for wetting the ambient heat exchanger forming the recooler is controlled in such a way that the amount of water wetting the heat exchanger evaporates there essentially completely or completely. Said amount of water is preferably not only converted into visible and perceptible mist in the immediate vicinity of the heat exchanger.

In this way it is ensured that legionella formation and/or contamination cannot occur, as could be the case when using a water circuit to provide the ambient heat exchanger with a surge cooling system, within the framework of which this is done for cooling purposes discharged water is partially collected, or as might be the case if wisps of mist appear near the heat exchanger with cooling water that is only partially evaporated and otherwise dispersed in fine droplets.

In a further preferred embodiment, the refrigerating machine and the recooler are arranged on a frame which is preferably designed in one piece, and these components are arranged in particular exclusively in one housing. Since the refrigeration machine and the recooler are provided exclusively in one housing, a compact unit is provided in a particularly advantageous manner. Outside the building can thus be provided in a particularly advantageous manner, a compact unit consisting of chiller and recooler, which directly Can provide cooling capacity and which no longer requires any further configuration on the part of the customer.

Another advantage is that the recooler is operated directly by the controller of the refrigeration machine. The arrangement in a dwelling, which is preferably designed in one piece and in one piece, advantageously provides a particularly simple and weather-resistant dwelling.

In a further preferred embodiment, the housing is insulated on its inside and has a light-colored coating on its outside in order to minimize internal heating as far as possible.

The housing is further advantageously divided into a frost-exposed zone and a frost-free zone, with at least the recooler being arranged in the frost-exposed zone and at least the refrigerating machine being arranged in the frost-free zone. The subdivision into frost-exposed and frost-free zones is achieved in an advantageous manner by an insulated partition arranged in between. The frost-free zone is preferably ensured by local heating, which switches to an active state as soon as a frost warning device, which is preferably arranged on the outer shell of the dwelling, emits a corresponding control signal to the controller.

FIGURE LIST

• The 1 shows an overall view of a preferred embodiment of a chiller system according to the invention.
• The 2 shows one for a system according to 1 predestined chiller in the details.
• The 3 another embodiment of a for the 1 The chiller system outlined above is predestined to be a chiller housed in a two-zone housing.
• The 4 shows a preferred modification of the embodiment according to 3 , which is characterized by its upstream air humidification device 28
• The figure 5 shows diagrammatically the preferred switching states in FIG 4 illustrated embodiment of the refrigeration machine system 1.
• The 6 shows a further development applicable to all exemplary embodiments or, more generally speaking, to all variants of the invention, in which a cold storage device 30 is arranged in housing 18, which is designed to absorb and store cold from the environment at low outside temperatures.

FIRST EMBODIMENT

The figure 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a refrigeration machine system 1 according to the invention.

The chiller system here includes a single-stage chiller 2. This has an evaporator 3 with a Evaporator inlet 3.1 and an evaporator outlet 3.2. The refrigeration machine also has a condenser 4 with a condenser inlet 4.1 and a condenser outlet 4.2. The evaporator inlet 3.1 and the evaporator outlet 3.2 are fluidically connected to one another. In addition, the condenser inlet 4.1 and the condenser outlet 4.2 are fluidly connected to one another. The evaporator 3 comprises a first heat exchanger 5 and the condenser comprises a second heat exchanger 6. The components 3, 4, 5, 6 mentioned form a vacuum-tight circuit in which, under reduced pressure relative to atmospheric pressure (vacuum or partial vacuum), water R718 is used as refrigerant circulates.

Said components of the refrigeration machine 2 are housed in a refrigeration machine housing, preferably in the form of a mostly cylindrical metal container, the so-called can.

In this case, the first and second heat exchangers 5 , 6 can optionally also lie outside the housing of the refrigeration machine 2 .

However, the refrigeration machine 2 housed in this way is—at least essentially—arranged outside of the building shell of the building that it controls, for example on the roof of the building or on an outer facade of the building. Because of this, if the building is in a corresponding climatic zone, it is weathered, i. H. potentially exposed to the frost of the environment and potentially also to the greatly increased outside temperatures in summer.

The first heat exchanger 5 is hydraulic at the same time in the mesh assigned to the interior of the building, in which the temperature of the Working fluid used inside the building circulates.

With the help of this first heat exchanger 5, this working fluid is re-cooled if it is used for cooling purposes, for example for conditioning a server room or a production facility that relies on temperature control or reduced temperatures. In this mesh, which is assigned to the interior of the building, brine or water are preferably used as the working fluid.

The second heat exchanger 6 is located hydraulically at the same time in the recooling mesh 14 associated with the building environment, in which the working fluid used to control the temperature of the compressor side of the refrigerating machine 2 circulates. The working liquid in the recooling mesh 14 is brine or water mixed with antifreeze.

The re-cooler loop 14 is provided with a re-cooler 7, which is usually a liquid/air heat exchanger, via which heat energy is released to the ambient air, so that the working fluid of the refrigerating machine 2 circulating in the re-cooler loop 14 is again at a low temperature can be supplied. According to the invention, a bypass 8 is provided, via which the recooler 7 can be bypassed by the working fluid circulating in the recooler loop 14 . The whole thing is controlled by a temperature-controlled bypass valve 9.

The bypass valve 9 is preferably designed in such a way that it can also distribute how much of the working liquid flows through the dry cooler and how much of the working liquid is routed past the dry cooler. For the necessary circulation usually ensures at least one separate circulation pump 10 assigned to the recooling loop 14.

In this way it is possible for the first time to circulate the working liquid in the recooling loop 14 multiple times through the second heat exchanger 6 without heat being withdrawn from it in between. As a result, the working fluid in the recooling loop 14 is heated by the refrigeration machine 2 itself to such an extent that it keeps the refrigeration machine 2 at a temperature that prevents icing of the refrigeration machine 2 - although the refrigeration machine 2, which according to the invention is no longer protected by the building envelope and is operated with R718 actually tends to do so when exposed to low outside temperatures.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the recooler 7 is designed as an adiabatic cooler 7 . For this purpose, it comprises an ambient heat exchanger, which is preferably subjected to atomizing water, usually drinking water. It is further preferred if the recooler 7 is assigned a fan that generates an air flow that brushes the ambient heat exchanger and into which water is atomized before it hits the ambient heat exchanger.

The water loading is ideally dosed in such a way that the amount of water that reaches the ambient heat exchanger evaporates completely without visible vapor or mist forming in the environment causally associated with the heat exchanger. The amount of water atomized in is then essentially as water vapor together with that leaving the heat exchanger discharged air flow. In this way, legionella formation is reliably avoided.

Such a recooler 7 can also make a major contribution to the efficiency of the refrigeration machine 2 when the refrigeration machine 2 is subjected to the high ambient temperature of its installation location outside the building, since strong recooling can be achieved using the evaporation heat that is absorbed here.

The figure 2 shows again more details of a refrigeration machine that is predestined for use according to the invention.

The refrigeration machine 2 already mentioned above is shown with its evaporator 3 and its condenser 4 and the associated evaporator inlets and outlets 3.1 and 3.2 and the associated condenser inlets and outlets 4.1 and 4.2.

It is a vacuum-tight system up to the heat exchangers 5, 6, which may form the system boundary of the housed system. This is preferably operated with R178, i.e. demineralized water, as the working liquid, both on the cooling liquid side and on the cold liquid side.

The cold liquid enters the evaporator 3 of the heat pump or refrigerating machine 2 via the evaporator inlet 3.1.

A very small portion of the cold liquid that has entered evaporates in the vacuum that prevails there. The evaporation energy required for this is withdrawn from the remaining cold liquid flow KW, which cools down by approx. 6 °C as a result. This The vacuum area is under a negative pressure that is in a range between 10mBar and 50mBar and preferably has 40mBar.

The vapor W produced during the evaporation is compressed by the turbo compressor 11, which is usually located vertically above, to a maximum of one third of its original volume at preferably more than 25,000 revolutions per minute, with its pressure and temperature increasing. In doing so, it is pressed into the condenser 4.

The heated vapor W condenses in the condenser 4 directly into the circulating flow of coolant K, and the heat of condensation given off in the process also heats it up by about 6°K.

The circuit is closed via a self-regulating expansion device 12.

It is noteworthy that the evaporation and the condensation take place entirely within the respective chiller 2, i.e. within the can that encapsulates the heat pump from its surroundings.

The 3 shows another example of a refrigeration machine 2 according to the invention, which is arranged on a frame 16 together with a recooler 7 . The frame 16 is preferably formed in one piece. The refrigeration machine 2 and the recooler 7 are surrounded by a housing 18 . The housing 18 is divided into a frost-exposed zone 20 and a frost-free zone 22, with at least the recooler 7 being arranged in the frost-exposed zone 20 and in the frost-free zone 22 at least the refrigerator 2 is arranged. The refrigeration machine 2 is preferably designed here with a two-stage compressor, which is arranged between the evaporator 3 and the condenser 4 . The recooler 7 is designed in particular as a dry air cooler, which is subjected to an outside temperature of 40° C. and 30% humidity, for example, and emits the heat provided by the refrigerating machine 2 to the environment.

The recooler 7 is connected to the refrigeration machine 2 by the recooler loop 14 , the bypass 8 having the bypass valve 9 . Regarding the functioning of the bypass 8 and the bypass valve 9 is on the description of 1 referred. The first shut-off flap 24, the filter element 26, the circulating pump 10 and the second shut-off flap 26 are also arranged one behind the other in the recooling loop 14. Since the cooling liquid in the recooling mesh 14 is mixed with antifreeze, it is protected from freezing at low temperatures.

The embodiment of 4 is essentially the same as the embodiment of FIG 3 constructed, wherein the refrigeration machine 2 and the recooler 7 are arranged on a frame 16 and are surrounded by a housing 18 . Here, however, the recooler 7 is designed as an adiabatic hybrid recooler and the refrigeration machine has a single-stage compressor. An air humidification device 28 is therefore arranged in front of the actual recooler 7, which is designed to humidify the air that is drawn in through the recooler 7 and thus to cool it down in advance. The air is cooled by the air humidification device 28 before it enters the recooler 7, whereby a significant increase in performance of the recooler 7 is effected. Here, by way of example, the air introduced into the air humidifying device 28 has a temperature of 40° at an air humidity of 30%. After exiting the air humidifying device 28, it was cooled by 14° and has a temperature of 26° C. with an atmospheric humidity of 90%.

In a further advantageous embodiment, not shown here, cellulose panels are additionally arranged in front of the stacks of lamellae of the recooler 7, which initially absorb the excess moisture and release it to the air flowing past.

In a further embodiment not shown here, the efficiency of the recooler is increased by directly moistening the heat exchanger fins of the recooler 7 .

The figure 5 illustrates the different switching states in the 4 illustrated embodiment of the chiller system 1. By integrating in the 4 illustrated adiabatic recooler 7 a particularly energy-efficient operation of the refrigeration system 1 is possible. The respective switching states of the refrigerating machine 2 and the air humidification device 28 of the recooler are shown on the ordinate of the diagram (when "Ad ON" occurs, the air humidification device 28 of the recooler switches to the active state, when "Ad OFF" the air humidification device 28 of the recooler switches to the inactive state state, with "Comp ON" the compressor of refrigeration machine 2 switches to the active state, with "Comp OFF" the compressor of refrigeration machine 2 switches to the deactivated state). On the abscissa is the outside temperature in Degree applied, depending on which the change in the respective switching states are executed here as an example.

In this example, the cooling capacity is first covered in transitional periods by activating the adiabatic recooler 7, which is switched on here, for example, at an outside temperature of 15° C. and switched off at an outside temperature of 30° C. Advantageously, the compressor is only switched on at later temperatures, here for example at 30° C. In the refrigeration machine system 1 according to the invention, the refrigeration machine therefore only needs to be switched on at higher temperatures, which means that the entire cooling system works more energy-efficiently.

The 6 shows a refrigeration machine 2, which has a turbo compressor 11 for compressing the circulating refrigerant and which is arranged together with a dry cooler 7 and the associated dry cooler mesh 14 within a housing 18 on a one-piece frame 16.

A cold storage device 30 is arranged outside housing 18 and is designed to absorb and store cold from the environment when outside temperatures are low. The cold storage device 30 can preferably be designed as a storage device, in particular as a tank, in which water is stored, which freezes at cold ambient temperatures. The cold storage device 30 can be arranged above ground level or below ground level. If the outside temperatures rise due to seasonal changes, the refrigerating machine 2 is controlled in such a way that it rising outside temperatures, a cold release activation device 32 put into an active state, which enables the refrigerant stored in the cold storage device 30 to flow into a heat exchanger of the refrigeration machine 2 in order to be usable by this for temperature control of the interior of the building.

The cold release activation device 32 can be designed as an electric heater, as a parabolic mirror arranged above ground level and/or as a solar thermal collector arranged on the upper side of the dwelling for receiving, bundling and forwarding the heating or solar energy to the cold storage device 30. The cold storage device 30 is designed to thaw the refrigerant, preferably water, in the cold storage device 32 in the spring, so that it can be delivered to a heat exchanger 34 of the refrigeration machine, which is thermally coupled to the other heat exchangers of the refrigeration machine in such a way that the Cold storage device 30 received cold is preferably used for temperature control of the interior of the building.

Furthermore, in the 6 the coolant guide line 36 is shown, which is designed to dissipate the heat from the building to the refrigerating machine 2 . In a further embodiment, the heat energy removed from the building can also be used to supply heat energy to the frost-free zone 22 of the dwelling 18 when the outside temperatures are cold and thus to protect it from freezing. For this purpose, in a preferred embodiment, the recooler 7 is designed to radiate heat into the interior of the housing 18 . In a In another embodiment that is not shown, the refrigeration machine 2 arranged in the zone 20 exposed to frost is protected from freezing by local frost protection elements, in particular heating elements. The frost protection elements can preferably be embodied as heating elements that can be energized, which are embodied in such a way that the refrigerating machine 2 and the refrigerant lines arranged in the zone exposed to frost are protected from freezing.

In a further embodiment that is not shown, the cold storage device 30 can also be arranged within the zone 20 of the dwelling 18 that is exposed to frost. This is thus protected in a particularly advantageous manner from external atmospheric influences and from corrosion.

As described above, the refrigerator 2 is installed outside the building envelope. Thus, the refrigerating machine 2, which is mounted outside the building shell, is exposed to the outside temperature and is therefore mounted outside the building shell, exposed to the outside temperature. If the outside temperature is below 0°C (or 0°C inclusive), the refrigerating machine 2 is exposed to frost. If the outside temperature is above 0°C (or also significantly above 0°C, for example above 15°C or 30°C), the refrigerating machine 2 is exposed to heat. figure 5 shows the switching states of a refrigerating machine system 1 or a refrigerating machine 2 which is exposed to the outside temperature or is both exposed to frost and exposed to heat. It is clear that the refrigerating machine system 1 or the refrigerating machine 2 is not exposed to frost and heat at the same time, but that only one state is present at the same time. However, the outside temperature can change over time (e.g. summer / winter), so that Refrigeration system 1 or the refrigeration machine 2, once exposed to frost (e.g. in winter) and then exposed to heat (e.g. in summer). Of course, the outside temperature can also fluctuate faster; eg during a day (eg night/day), so that the refrigerating machine system 1 or the refrigerating machine 2 is exposed to frost at night and then exposed to heat during the day.

The embodiment that includes the bypass 8 can, of course, also include the adiabatic recooler 7, so that the refrigeration machine system 1 or the refrigeration machine 2, which is both exposed to frost and heat (and thus exposed to the outside temperature), is in both states (or all temperature conditions or at all outside temperatures) works optimally.

In summary, it can therefore be said that protection is also being sought for the following embodiments in particular.

A building with a frost-exposed, preferably single-stage, refrigeration machine 2 mounted outside the building shell for temperature control of the building interior, with an evaporator 3, a compressor and a condenser 4 in which water-based refrigerant circulates and with a recooling loop 14 with a recooler 7 for recooling the condenser 4 again liquefied refrigerant by releasing its heat to the environment, characterized in that the recooler mesh 14 has a bypass 8, via which cooling medium flowing in the recooler mesh 14 can be fed past the recooler 7 to the refrigeration machine 2 again.

A building as described above, in which the refrigerating machine 2 has a controller which—usually depending on the current temperature of the cooling medium in the recooling loop 14—operates a bypass valve 9, which influences whether and preferably also how much of the the cooling medium flowing through the recooling mesh 14 is guided past the recooler 7 via the bypass 8 .

A building as described above and/or further above, wherein the cooling medium that flows through the recooling loop 14 is mixed with an antifreeze, which is preferably brine.

A building, preferably as described above, with a heat-exposed, preferably single-stage refrigeration machine 2 mounted outside the building shell for temperature control of the interior of the building, with an evaporator 3, a compressor and a condenser 4 in which water-based refrigerant circulates and with a recooling loop 14 with a recooler 7 for recooling the refrigerant liquefied again in the condenser 4 by releasing its heat to the environment, characterized in that the recooler 7 is designed as an adiabatic recooler 7, which is preferably wetted with water.

A building as described above, wherein the recooler 7 has an air humidification device 28 which is controlled by the controller of the refrigeration machine in such a way that the amount of water required to wet the recooler 7 essentially completely evaporates.

A refrigeration machine system for use in a building as described above, with a frost-exposed, preferably single-stage refrigeration machine 2 that can be attached outside the building shell for temperature control of the building interior, with an evaporator 3, a compressor and a condenser 4 in which water-based refrigerant circulates and with a rear cooler mesh 14 with a rear cooler 7 for recooling the refrigerant which has been condensed again in the condenser by releasing its heat to the environment, characterized in that the rear cooler mesh 14 has a bypass 8 via the cooling medium flowing in the rear cooler mesh 14 past the rear cooler 7 again Refrigeration machine 2 can be supplied.

A refrigeration machine system for use in a building as described above and/or further above, with a heat-exposed, preferably single-stage refrigeration machine 2 mounted outside the building shell for temperature control of the building interior, with an evaporator 3, a compressor and a condenser 4 in which refrigerant circulates on a water basis and with a recooling mesh 14 with a recooler 7 for recooling the refrigerant which has been liquefied again in the condenser 4 by releasing its heat to the environment, characterized in that the recooler 7 is designed as an adiabatic recooler 7 which is preferably wetted with water or .

A chiller system as described above and/or further above, for use in a building as described above and/or further above, in which the chiller 2 and the dry cooler 7 are arranged on a frame 16, which is preferably formed in one piece , and at least the refrigeration machine 2 and the recooler 7 being arranged in particular in only one housing 18 .

A refrigerating machine or refrigerating machine system as described above and/or further above, housing 18 being divided at least into a frost-exposed zone 20 and a frost-free zone 22, with at least the recooler 7 being arranged in frost-exposed zone 20 and at least the refrigeration machine 2 is arranged in the frost-free zone 22 .

A chiller system as described above and/or further above, for use in a building as described above and/or further above, in which a cold storage device 30 is arranged outside the housing 18, which is designed to cool at low outside temperatures from the environment and store it, with the refrigeration machine 2 being controlled in such a way that when the outside temperature rises, it puts a cold release activation device 32 into an active state, which enables the refrigerant stored in the cold storage device 30 to flow into a third heat exchanger 34 of the refrigeration machine 2 flow, so that the cold emitted as a result can be used to temper the interior of the building.

REFERENCE LIST

1

chiller system

2

chiller

3

Evaporator

3.1

evaporator inlet

3.2

evaporator outlet

4

condenser

4.1

condenser inlet

4.2

condenser outlet

5

first heat exchanger

6

second heat exchanger

7

recooler

8th

bypass

9

bypass valve

10

circulation pump

11

turbo compressor

12

expansion organ

13

Box / vacuum-tight housing

14

recooling mesh

16

Frame

18

habitation

20

frost-exposed zone

22

frost-free zone

24

First butterfly valve

26

filter element

27

Second butterfly valve

28

air humidification device

30

cold storage device

32

cold release activation device

34

third heat exchanger of the chiller

36

coolant line

38

Ordinate with the respective switching states

40

Abscissa with change in outside temperature

42

Switching state of the adiabatic dry cooler

44

Switching state of the compressor

W

heated steam

K

coolant flow

week

cold liquid flow

Claims (8)

Building with a preferably single-stage refrigeration machine (2) installed outside the building envelope where it is exposed to the outside temperature for temperature control of the building interior, with an evaporator (3), a compressor and a condenser (4) in which water-based refrigerant circulates and with a recooling loop (14) with a Recooler (7) for recooling the refrigerant which has been condensed again in the condenser (4) by releasing its heat to the environment, characterized in that the recooler loop (14) has a bypass (8) through which the cooling medium flows in the recooler loop (14). can be fed back to the refrigeration machine (2) past the recooler (7) when the refrigeration machine (2) is exposed to frost, and in that the recooler (7) is designed as an adiabatic recooler (7) which is preferably wetted with water , if the chiller (2) is exposed to heat. Building according to Claim 1, characterized in that the refrigeration machine (2) has a controller which - as a rule depending on the current temperature of the cooling medium in the recooling loop (14) - actuates a bypass valve (9) which influences whether and preferably also how much of the cooling medium flowing through the recooling loop (14) is routed past the recooler (7) via the bypass (8). Building according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling medium which flows through the recooling loop (14) is mixed with an antifreeze, which is preferably brine. Building according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the recooler (7) has an air humidification device (28) which is controlled by the controller of the refrigeration machine in such a way that the quantities of water required to wet the recooler (7) essentially completely evaporate . Refrigerating machine system for use in a building according to one of Claims 1 to 4, with a preferably single-stage refrigerating machine (2), which is exposed to the outside temperature and can be fitted outside the building envelope, for temperature control of the interior of the building, with an evaporator (3), a compressor and a condenser (4) in them Water-based refrigerant circulates and with a re-cooler loop (14) with a re-cooler (7) for re-cooling the refrigerant which has been condensed again in the condenser (4) by releasing its heat to the environment, characterized in that the re-cooler loop (14) has a bypass (8 ) can be fed back to the refrigerating machine (2) via the cooling medium flowing in the recooling loop (14) past the recooler (7) when the refrigerating machine (2) is exposed to frost, and in that the recooler (7) is an adiabatic recooler (7) is formed, which is preferably wetted with water when the refrigerator (2) is exposed to heat. Refrigerating machine system according to Claim 5, for use in a building according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the refrigerating machine (2) and the dry cooler (7) are arranged on a frame (16) which is preferably constructed in one piece, and wherein at least the refrigeration machine (2) and the recooler (7) are arranged in particular in only one housing (18). A chiller system according to claim 6, for use in a building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing (18) is divided at least into a frost-exposed zone (20) and a frost-free zone (22), with the frost-exposed zone (20) at least the recooler (7) is arranged and in the frost-free zone (22) at least the refrigerating machine (2) is arranged. Refrigerating machine system according to Claims 6 or 7 for use in a building according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which a cold storage device (30) is arranged outside the housing (18) and is designed to absorb cold from the environment and to store it at low outside temperatures store, the refrigeration machine (2) being controlled in such a way that when the outside temperature rises, it puts a cold release activation device (32) into an active state, which enables the refrigerant stored in the cold storage device (30) to flow into a third heat exchanger (34) of the refrigeration machine (2) to flow, so that the cold emitted as a result can be used to temper the interior of the building.

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