EP4158377A1

EP4158377A1 - Medical set for monitoring a patient by means of radar waves

Info

Publication number: EP4158377A1
Application number: EP21728521.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Christoph Wiktor; Andreas Roese; Benedict GLASER; Manuel WEIKERT; Martin Urban; David HANNES; Pascal Kopperschmidt; Felix Wege; Gerome FISCHER
Original assignee: Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
Current assignee: Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
Priority date: 2020-05-29
Filing date: 2021-05-21
Publication date: 2023-04-05
Also published as: DE102020114502A1; US20210369928A1; US11793914B2; WO2021239639A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a medical set (1000) for monitoring a patient (P) and/or a medical area or object (K) by means of radar waves. The medical set comprises at least one first emitting device (S1) for emitting radar waves, preferably at one or more predetermined frequencies, and further comprises at least one first receiving device (E1) for receiving reflected radar waves. The medical set according to the invention further comprises an evaluation unit (A) for evaluating the radar waves received by means of the first receiving device (E1), thus obtaining a result, and an output device (D) for outputting the result or at least one signal based on the result.

Description

Medical set for monitoring a patient using

Radar waves

The present invention relates to a medical set according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 28 or according to the preamble or generic terms of these claims.

The modern health system of today enables unprecedented medical care for patients, not least through the use of complex diagnostic and blood treatment devices. In connection with such complex diagnostic and blood treatment devices and increasing automation in everyday clinical practice, the required patient safety can usually only be guaranteed if the patient to be treated, the diagnostic and blood treatment device used and / or the interaction between patient and device can be closely monitored. This monitoring can include the unambiguous identification of a patient as well as a clear location and the determination of his position.

An example of a complex blood treatment device used in practice is a device for extracorporeal blood treatment by means of dialysis. Here, blood is taken from the patient, which is passed along a blood circuit extracorporeally and through a blood filter of the dialysis device. During the blood treatment session carried out in this way, a number of settings can be set on the dialysis machine Treatment parameters can be influenced, among other things by changing flow rates and / or drug dosages. There is no need for further explanation that the patient must remain under observation during such treatment, for example to avoid complications, e.g. B. a faulty cannulation, to be recognized early or to respond to disorders such. B. conditional or associated with a drop in blood pressure to be able to react appropriately.

An object of the present invention can be seen in proposing a medical set for monitoring a patient and a corresponding method.

The object according to the invention is achieved by a medical set with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 28.

The present invention relates to a medical set (also for short in the following: set) for monitoring a patient and / or a medical area by means of radar waves.

The set comprises at least one first transmitting device for transmitting radar waves, at least one first receiving device for receiving reflected radar waves, at least one evaluation unit for evaluating the radar waves received by means of the first receiving device and an output device for outputting the result or at least one signal based on the result. The evaluation unit is preferably programmed in order to obtain a result of the evaluation (here also:

To achieve evaluation result), to provide and to transmit to the output device. The above devices and units can be embodied in a common component or distributed over a plurality of components; they can be present together or separately from one another.

In use, the evaluation unit and the output device can be in signal connection with one another in a wired or wired manner, wirelessly or in some other way, or they can be prepared for this purpose.

The present invention further relates to a method for monitoring a patient and / or a medical area by means of radar waves. The method comprises the following steps: a) providing a set according to the invention; b) sending out radar waves by means of the first transmitting device at least in the direction of the patient and / or in the direction of the medical field, or starting from a first location; c) receiving radar waves reflected by the patient and / or the medical area by means of the first receiving device; d) evaluating the radar waves received by means of the first receiving device by means of the evaluation unit suitable for evaluating the reflected radar waves, achieving a result or evaluation result; and / or e) outputting the result or a signal based on the result. Whenever a suitability or a method step is mentioned herein, the present invention also comprises a corresponding programming or configuration of a suitable device or a section thereof, in particular for carrying out the method step in question.

When "programmed", "software-programmed" or "configured" is mentioned herein, it is also disclosed that these terms can be exchanged for one another.

Embodiments according to the invention can have some, some or all of the following features in any combination, unless this is technically impossible for the person skilled in the art to recognize. Advantageous further developments of the present invention are each also the subject matter of the subclaims.

In all of the above or following statements, the use of the expression “can be” or “may have” etc. is to be understood as synonymous with “is preferably” or “preferably” etc. and is intended to explain embodiments according to the invention.

Whenever numerical words are mentioned here, the person skilled in the art understands them to indicate a numerically lower limit. Insofar as this does not lead to a contradiction that is recognizable to the person skilled in the art, the person skilled in the art therefore always reads “at least one” or “at least one” with the statement “a” or “an”. This understanding is also encompassed by the present invention, as is the interpretation that a numerical word such as, for example, “a” is alternatively used as “precisely a "may be meant wherever technically possible for the person skilled in the art. Both are encompassed by the present invention and apply to all numerical words used herein.

If an embodiment is mentioned here, this always represents an exemplary embodiment according to the invention.

What is set out herein about blood treatment treatment devices also applies in full to

Treatment devices which do not treat the patient's blood. It is therefore also encompassed by the present invention to replace the term “blood treatment device” with the further term “treatment device”.

A transmission device for radar waves, as used herein, is, for example, a device which transmits a so-called primary signal as a bundled electromagnetic wave. A receiving device for radar waves, as used herein, is, for example, a device which receives echoes reflected from objects or, in the case of transmission, the attenuated primary signal as a secondary signal. The secondary signal can be evaluated according to predetermined criteria.

A radar wave can be an electromagnetic wave or electromagnetic radiation; it can be a wave of coupled electrical and magnetic fields. Examples of electromagnetic waves are radio waves, microwaves, thermal radiation, light, X-rays and gamma rays. Electromagnetic waves are in a vacuum Transverse waves. The interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter depends on its frequency.

The transmission device of the set according to the invention can be designed to transmit radar waves with a frequency f of 1 to 300 GHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of approximately 30 cm to 1 mm.

Radar waves can be (near-field) radar waves.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to detect a position or a change in position of the body of the patient or medical staff (doctor, nurse, nurse, etc.) or a part thereof, e.g. B. an extremity, or an object to determine. The object can be a medical object, for example a cannula or a plaster. The present invention encompasses the interchangeability of the terms “medical object” and “object”.

Corresponding outputs can be made by means of an output device, e.g. B. graphically, for example by means of a visualization device discussed below, be provided. Output device and

Visualization devices can be implemented in a common component or distributed over several components; they can be present together or separately from one another.

A change in position can be detected by two examinations of the same object, the patient, the medical staff, etc., carried out at different times using the set and the subsequent comparison of the evaluation results of these examinations. A position or change in position can be recorded absolutely (e.g. measured on a fixed coordinate system) or relative (e.g. based on a further, non-fixed structure, e.g. the recorded position from a previous examination, as described above).

The detection of the change in position / position of a patient enables a meaningful shift, expansion or correction of limit values (e.g. alarm limits for pressure monitoring) on a medical device (e.g. a dialysis machine), which can also be encompassed by the present invention.

In a further embodiment, the object whose position or change in position is determined is, for example, a cannula, the position of which in space or a change in position, which can also be understood here as a change in position, is of interest. The location / position in space can here, for example, be determined absolutely (e.g. by determining spatial coordinates), the changes in position, for example, relatively (e.g. relative to the crook of the arm in which the cannula is inserted).

It may be of interest to determine whether and, if so, how the patient, whose vascular system was punctured with a cannula, via which z. B. blood is withdrawn or a solution is supplied, or the arm of which has been changed from monitoring at a previous point in time, e.g. B. by the patient has positioned himself differently, sat on the treatment table, turned in bed, etc. Alternatively or in addition, it can be of interest whether the patient is lying (height above the floor), sitting, standing or has straightened up (change over time), as this can, for example, influence the hydrostatic pressure component in the arterial and venous pressure and the knowledge explain certain pressure phenomena to the patient's posture and possibly lead to adjustments of limit values, evaluations, etc. If it has been determined by means of the set according to the invention, for example, how the patient is positioned, or whether he has changed his position, conclusions can be drawn from this, what z. B. his blood pressure, its changes, etc. concerns. On the basis of such a position detection or position change detection, in some embodiments the limit values for the arterial and / or the venous pressure are adapted (based on the knowledge of the hydrostatic component of the measured pressure value thus obtained). As an alternative or in addition, the limit values or limit value windows are tracked or expanded for the duration of the change in position.

Since by means of such a position detection or position change detection in some embodiments even a fall of the patient or the standing up of a z. B. with an extracorporeal blood circulation (also:

Blood tubing set) connected patient can be recognized, the output device can be programmed to output information or an alarm to the staff and / or to trigger an alarm state on the blood treatment device.

Detected changes in position can thus advantageously be taken into account. Knowledge of them can be beneficial to this contribute to the fact that fewer false alarms occur due to, for example, harmless changes in the patient's position than before.

Since limit values can also be set tighter when the position is detected or when the position changes, the quality or the information content of the pressure monitoring can be increased. A stenosis or dislocation of the venous needle can be detected early.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to determine vital data, e.g. B. heart rate, pulse wave propagation, respiratory rate, or another condition of the patient.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to determine a condition of at least one blood vessel.

The condition can be determined by examining the movement of one or more vessels of the patient using the medical set, e.g. B. during a predetermined duration or a predetermined event, which can be based in particular on the heart phase (z. B. during the systole, between two heart cycles (z. B. from the beginning of a systole to the beginning of the subsequent systole), over the Duration of a cardiac cycle segment, e.g. across systole, etc.).

The status can be evaluated on the basis of recordings or in real time.

It can be provided to compare the state with stored states in order to arrive at a result. A state can consist of data, or have data that allow a pictorial representation, or it can be represented graphically.

A state can consist of key figures or have them. Descriptions of values, tissue values and the like, which allow a description of the tissue under consideration or its behavior, such as e.g. B. its lateral deflection or local expansion during the cardiac cycle, z. B. during his systole.

The condition can be determined or assessed by comparison or by using samples.

The samples can be from the same patient and e.g. B. come from previous examinations of this patient. Alternatively, the records can have been made on a collective of patients.

The result of the comparison can be used to provide information about the condition of the vessel or a section thereof, e.g. B. a shunt, Cimino shunt, or a Cimino-Brescia fistula, or its vascular wall, for example as statements about its elasticity, permeability, free lumen cross-sectional area, degree of movement during the heart phase under consideration, wall thickness, or the like.

The result of the comparison can be output as a result or part of the result by means of the output device. In any embodiment, the output device can be configured to communicate a message or an alarm based on the result.

In some embodiments, changes in the breathing rate, breathing amplitude, heart rate and / or blood pressure can be determined. They can be an indicator of circulatory instability (tachycardia, bradycardia), a drop in blood pressure, a shock (recognizable by heart rate variability, increasing heart rate when the system is centralized) or sepsis (recognizable by measuring the parameters to determine the qSOFA Index {"quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment "), such as respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Score, systolic blood pressure) and are therefore used for (early) detection of the same.

To this end, in some embodiments, the patient's vital parameters, e.g. B. during his treatment, e.g. B. a dialysis treatment, with the help of a sensor (z. B. continuously) determined contactless. In some embodiments, the set is programmed for this purpose.

If vital parameters or other values determined by the set deviate from predetermined limit values, limit ranges or other specifications, or if predetermined criteria are not met or are met for the first time, then suitable measures can be taken or initiated automatically. Limit values or limit ranges are violated, for example, if individual thresholds (e.g. blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate) are exceeded or undershot, if combinations of values as a combined conditional threshold (e.g. movement rate lower / higher than a limit value, heart rate above a limit and Respiration amplitude below the limit value) are exceeded or not reached.

Appropriate measures can include alerting nursing staff, automatic changes to treatment parameters, e.g. B. changing the ultrafiltration rate (short: UF rate), the dialysis fluid flow a

Blood treatment device, the temperature, etc. and / or the observation of the influence on the vital parameters, the initiation of readjustment of the change, a feedback monitoring, the release of a bolus.

The following measures can be taken to increase the quality / robustness of the measurement data:

For example, a correlation of the vital data to machine data of the blood treatment device, e.g. B. the dialysis machine (pressure signals, blood pressure measurement data, UF rate, blood flow) can be determined and used. This provides a comprehensive and continuous picture of the patient's condition (circulatory stability, exercise intensity, well-being). The vital data measured in a contactless manner can supplement data that have been measured in a manner other than by means of the set according to the invention or serve as a basis for an interpolation.

It is also possible to calibrate or verify a comparison of the sensor / vital data with the aid of machine data. So, z. B. sensor data for a conventional blood pressure measurement, for example by means of a Blood Pressure Monitor (BPM)

Blood treatment device, for the recorded vital data (here: blood pressure) set in relation or initially calibrated / verified via this.

The invention also includes using the set to record vital data which, preferably automatically, are used to build up redundancies. So z. B. the blood pressure measurement, which is carried out automatically by means of the blood treatment device, mostly on the extracorporeal blood circuit, monitored and / or compared with a pulse measurement, carried out by means of the set according to the invention, to increase the safety for the patient for plausibility.

Here, even the complete monitoring of the patient is advantageously possible without being in constant direct contact with the patient. Furthermore, critical states can be recognized early or at least quickly. The measurement can also be automated. Monitoring is therefore also possible in the outpatient environment and even at home.

The condition of the patient can also be recorded. For example, the medical set can be programmed to compare measurement results with stored algorithms, patterns or the like. This can be used, for example, to clarify the questions of whether the patient is sleeping or awake, how deep the sleep is and / or what his sleep status is. Furthermore, sleep patterns can be determined in general. The recorded states can also include breathing monitoring, which can be used to detect cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. An alarm can be issued in the event of abnormalities such as standstill or a breathing rate that is too low or too high. The overall health of the patient can be identified over a longer period of time by automatically evaluating the sleep phases and / or his general exercise intensity during dialysis; appropriate programming can be provided.

Detecting the condition of the patient can also provide diagnostic support, for example by diagnosing sleep apnea based on the above-mentioned monitoring or contributing to the finding of a diagnosis.

Diagnostic information can result from the intensity of movement, as an indication of a deterioration in the state of health: If the patient moves less or if he becomes more nervous, these can be signs of a worsening of his condition.

The evaluation unit can be programmed to compare a pattern that was determined by means of the set according to the invention with a stored or stored pattern.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to identify a person, e.g. B. using vital data, body topology, movement patterns, backscattering (see below), etc. The evaluation unit can be used to access stored patterns or data by comparison. The result of the comparison can be output as a result or part of the result by means of the output device. According to the invention, conclusions can be drawn about the associated patients from the vital data determined or extracted by means of the evaluation unit. This can be done by comparing with person-specific, unique patterns such. B. the heart rhythm (frequency, amplitude) happen. Alternatively or in addition, the identity of the patient can be determined by evaluating a transmission device and

Receiving device determined body topology of the patient (z. B. his face) or his movement pattern take place.

If the patient is identified in this or another way, then by means of the set, for example in connection with the control device of the blood treatment device, areas in the setup of the blood treatment device and / or patient data can be loaded, determined or selected person-specifically.

The release or the calling of settings and areas in the setup of a blood treatment device based on the identification of a person can produce different results for patients, nursing staff or technicians. For example, a nurse can set treatment parameters that are denied to the technician. The technician, for his part, is given access to system functions that are not accessible to the caregiver. This calling and / or the release is advantageously carried out in a contact-free and thus hygienic manner.

Above all, the possibility of identifying a patient can be advantageous here without the need for visual recordings as comparison samples or recordings of the patient at the moment of identification. Rather, data protection aspects are guaranteed. In addition this type of identification is also advantageously possible at night or in poor lighting conditions.

Further measures to increase security, for example in combination with a further identification device (identification card, code), are also covered by the present invention.

It can be advantageous that an extremely short measurement period (a few seconds or milliseconds) is sufficient to collect the information required to identify a person.

In some embodiments, the medical set also has a reference object. It is used, for. B. to be releasably attached to the patient's body, e.g. B. as stickers, glue, attachments, markers, etc. It is attached as intended in order to also be able to reflect the radar waves emitted by the transmitting device.

In some embodiments, the reference object can be provided, for example, in or on the plaster that fixes the cannula on the patient's arm. If the distance between the cannula and the reference object changes, this can be determined and be of interest.

In these embodiments, the evaluation unit is further programmed in order to additionally evaluate radar waves reflected by the reference object and received by means of the at least one receiving device.

The evaluation can be the computational establishment or determination of a spatial reference between z. B. the means Radar waves include irradiated object and the reference object.

For example, it may be of interest how far the arm, in the crook of which a cannula was inserted, to e.g. B. the longitudinal axis of the humerus was rotated, since this rotation can affect the correct position of the cannula or the tubing connected to it, which is why it is monitored. The rotation is e.g. B. to be determined by providing a (further) reference object on the upper arm of the punctured arm in addition to the object placed in the forearm or in the crook of the arm (here: cannula). A change in the positions of the object and reference object relative to one another allows a statement to be made about the current rotation of the arm. B. an alarm device can be transmitted.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to compare the received radar waves, their pattern, intensity or other distinguishing features, or evaluations based thereon, with reference data or sets, and reference patterns or evaluations based thereon, in order to achieve the result.

In some embodiments, the reference data or sets and / or the reference patterns are or include data, data sets and / or patterns of predetermined materials, surfaces, surface textures (such as rough, smooth, dry, damp or wet), degree or degree of reflectance of certain tissues or Liquids, already to one Radar waves received at another point in time, or evaluations based on them.

According to the invention, a blood loss, which can lead to dampening or even soaking of sheets, plasters, bandages, surfaces, etc., can thus be determined by means of the medical set on the basis of the surface examination proposed for some embodiments. This can advantageously take place even through a blanket.

The existence of reflective surfaces, e.g. B. on the bed level, the formation of reflective surfaces or the temporal change of the reflective surface can be determined. Liquid films that have formed on a surface can be detected or monitored in this way.

A contactless and thus hygienic detection of the substance is possible.

According to the invention, programming of the set is also included in such a way that substances or the substance properties are recognized on the basis of the reflected radar waves and the knowledge gained is e.g. B. is transmitted by means of the output device.

In some embodiments, the set according to the invention can be used to provide level detection in chambers (air / fluid differentiation), such as the venous drip chamber, the water inlet chamber or in air separation chambers. A detection of the transition between blood / water in an extracorporeal blood circuit can also be provided. Measurement data on the hematocrit (measurement with BVM) in combination with radar sensor data can be collected using the set according to the invention (adjustment of the sensor with knowledge of the hematocrit value for the individual patient).

In some embodiments, the predetermined surfaces include the patient's skin or bedding.

The medical kit can be programmed to e.g. B. to determine a surface topology with the help of radar waves. For this purpose, use can be made of the observation that z. B. the reflection of the radar radiation depends on the topology of the surface.

According to the invention it can thus be possible to recognize the formation of "goose bumps" on the patient's skin. This can be an indication of circulatory instability of the patient or of a feeling of coldness.

The formation of sweat on the skin can also be recognized, which is also an indication of a

Circulatory instability of the patient or an indication of the warmth felt by him.

The medical set can also have a thermal camera, by means of which changes or absolute states of surfaces or surfaces can be determined or monitored by thermography. Moisture heated by radar waves (on surfaces, in or on clothing, in or on bandages, on the skin, etc.) can cause a local change in the temperatures that can be determined by means of thermography. The medical kit can be programmed to accommodate such changes or to effect them Detect heat input and optionally point this out optically or in some other way. So z. B. a soaked "adhesive" tag reflect a radar wave or reflect it differently than a dry adhesive tag.

Impressions that were previously only recorded by the nursing staff or the patient himself can thus advantageously be recorded automatically, such as sweat on the patient's skin, goose bumps, whether the patient is cold or has circulatory problems, and the like.

In some embodiments, the predetermined tissues are or include one or more blood vessels.

In some, the predetermined fluids are or include blood.

In some embodiments, the medical set further comprises at least one second transmitting device. The first transmission device is arranged to transmit radar waves in a first direction or from a first location, and the second transmission device is arranged to transmit radar waves in a second direction different from the first direction or from a second direction different from the first location Place off. As an alternative or in addition, the first transmission device on the one hand and the second transmission device on the other hand are arranged at a distance from one another. They can be accommodated in a common component or housing, or in separate ones.

In some embodiments, the set further comprises a second receiving device. Here is the first

Receiving device arranged for receiving radar waves from a first direction or from a first location, and the second receiving device is arranged to receive radar waves from a second direction different from the first direction or from a second location different from the first location. As an alternative or in addition, the first receiving device on the one hand and the second receiving device on the other hand are arranged at a distance from one another. They can be accommodated in a common component or housing, or in separate ones.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to detect a three-dimensional extension of the object, the patient or at least a section of the body, e.g. B. to calculate. The patient is irradiated with radar waves by means of the first, second and / or further transmission device. It is thus also possible to detect the three-dimensional extent of an organ or a body surface of the patient, the medical object and / or the medical area.

In some embodiments, the set further comprises a visualization device. It is suitable and configured to output the result graphically or optically. The visualization device can, for. B. be designed as a printer, plotter, monitor, display or have such a device.

In some embodiments, the visualization allows diagnostics, for example if the pulse wave propagation in the vascular system of the patient is observed by means of the set according to the invention. Radar technology makes it possible to create an entire image of the surface of a body with high temporal resolution and thus to measure or detect the smallest changes in the surface (lateral resolution is determined by the antenna characteristics, distance resolution is determined by the pulse duration or the bandwidth of the transmitted signal). By using millimeter waves, for example, a resolution in the micrometer range can be achieved.

Optical 3D coordinate measuring machines can also create an entire image of the surface of a body (resolution clearly <1mm - e.g. 0.050 mm), which is why the sending device (s) and / or receiving device (s) can be designed accordingly.

If the topology of a surface of a human body is measured by taking several images at close time intervals (= sequence), the propagation of the "pulse wave" (e.g. movement of blood) through the body caused by the heart contraction can be tracked The initial signal of the pulse wave comes from the heart and is detected from there by the sensors up to the extremities.

The speed of propagation, the continuity of the speed of propagation and the amplitude of the pulse wave are important indicators for assessing the vascular condition (vascular rigidity) of a person and for identifying sclerotic changes.

Before constrictions (stenoses), the amplitude increases. In contrast, the speed of propagation and amplitude are reduced in vessel dilatations. The comparison of the measurement results for both halves of the body (sagittal section) is a further indicator of a possible anomaly in the vascular condition (unequal speed of propagation, unequal amplitude in comparison between the two sides of the body). The set can also be programmed for such an evaluation.

The sequence can also be composed of individual recordings that were recorded between successive heartbeats and are subsequently temporally referenced to the heartbeat as the starting point (similar to a "stroboscopic recording"). This significantly reduces the requirements for the temporal resolution of the measurement technology.

The invention also encompasses the measurement of the fistula morphology, the detection of shunt vibrations / shunt blood flow, in particular the detection of changes in vibration patterns in the fistula over months and years.

By means of the set according to the invention it is therefore possible in some embodiments not only to obtain information about diseases of the central vascular system that may be present, but also diseases or changes in the vessels of the extremities. The measurement is contact-free and quick, and it can also be applied to the entire body or, alternatively, only to a limited extent to individual areas of the body.

In some embodiments according to the invention, the set further comprises an identification device, e.g. B. a backscatter day. The identification device has in turn one or more devices for modulating the radar waves received by it and emitted by the first transmitting device and for changing the radar waves reflected by it in a manner typical of the identification device. The identification device is preferably provided to be worn on the body of a person, in particular the patient. Alternatively or in addition, it can be provided that the identification device can be worn by medical personnel and / or by non-medical persons (for example visitors, technicians, cleaning staff, etc.).

The invention also encompasses the provision of devices, in particular disposable devices, with an identification device. These can also be included in the medical kit.

The identification device can be or have a radio frequency identification tag (RFID tag).

In some embodiments according to the invention, the at least one device for modulating has a plurality of resonant circuits.

In certain embodiments, the

Identification device and / or its devices for modulating one energy source, not in others.

In some embodiments, the set further comprises a blood treatment device, which has a control device for controlling or regulating its function or its operation, or is connected to it. For example, the Control device with actuators, sensors or the like of the blood treatment device are in signal communication and, for. B. as a function of a predetermined process sequence and / or as a function of signals that are received from the sensors on the actuators, such. B. a pump, a valve, etc. act.

In some embodiments, the output device is programmed to respond by means of the at least one signal that it is programmed to output

Acting control device, which in turn controls or regulates the operation of the blood treatment device.

For example, if the sleep phase of the patient sleeping during the blood treatment session is recognized by sleep pattern recognition, treatment parameters of the current blood treatment session, the ultrafiltration profile, the blood pump rate or other factors are adapted to the sleep phase. Thus, from the medical set, z. B. a lower UF rate in the deep sleep phases can be set in cooperation with the control device of the blood treatment device or such a setting can be made to ensure the recovery of the patient or to pursue other goals.

Provision can also be made to initiate safety measures based on the results of the evaluation by the evaluation unit, for example disconnecting the extracorporeal blood circuit, switching to safe mode, triggering alarms, but also changing alarm limits.

In some embodiments, the output device is programmed to receive patient-specific data from a means of the Sets examined patients, e.g. B. in a control or regulating device belonging to the set

Blood treatment device, to load, to let load or to call, for example from a memory, z. B. the blood treatment device, for patient-specific data. Alternatively or in addition, it is programmed to initiate a patient-specific setup of the blood treatment device, or settings of the

Release or call blood treatment device.

Loading, calling, initiating, releasing and / or calling can take place based on (that is, depending on) the result of the evaluation.

In some embodiments, the set further comprises at least one position sensor which is not designed for measurement by means of radar waves or which does not emit and / or can emit such, but measures based on a different measuring or operating principle.

In these embodiments, the evaluation unit is additionally programmed to receive and evaluate signals from the position sensor. The evaluation can consist in checking the signals from the position sensor using predetermined criteria. In the simplest case, these relate to the question of whether signals from the position sensor (e.g. configured as a pressure sensor) were received at all. More complex evaluations are also possible.

In these embodiments, the evaluation unit is further programmed to include the first and / or the second

To cause transmitting device to send radar waves only in the event that it has previously or also determined that the signals received by the position sensor correspond to the at least one predetermined criterion.

The at least one position sensor can, for example, detect the position of the patient or an object (for example the position of a backrest) or contribute to this.

The at least one position sensor can, for example, be a button, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, a temperature sensor or the like. be. He can recognize the presence of the patient at the measurement location, so that a radar measurement is only carried out / evaluated when the patient behaves calmly and is lying, standing or sitting in the "right" place. This can increase the quality of the measurement using the set according to the invention Furthermore, no radar radiation is emitted if this would not bring any discernible benefit.

Thus, for example, problems with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the set can be reduced, since the radar wave transmitting device does not interfere with other devices by continuously and possibly unwanted, because useless, emission of electromagnetic radar waves. Unintentional, reciprocal influencing or impairment of the devices arranged in the immediate vicinity of one another can thus be reduced to a minimum.

In some embodiments, the set has a couch or seat for the patient. The position sensor, if present, can, like at least the first or further transmitting devices and / or receiving devices, be arranged in, on or in some other way for monitoring the reclining or seating facility. It can be provided, by means of the position sensor, to first determine that or whether the patient is e.g. B. has taken a seat on the treatment or examination couch, ie where or how the patient is placed on this for the upcoming or ongoing examination or treatment. It can also be provided that the

Transmitting device (s) only begin to transmit radar waves in response to a signal from the at least one position sensor, namely when this signal indicates that the patient has sat down, has sat down correctly or as desired, or where exactly he or body parts of special interest are placed on the lounger.

This two-step process when examining the patient by means of the set can advantageously avoid the frustrating, futile expenditure of energy to generate radar waves in the event that the patient is not yet ready for a measurement or monitoring by means of radar waves, because he is e.g. B. has not sat down at all or has not yet taken up his final position on the couch. Furthermore, the two-stage approach can advantageously lead to better, since more precise, evaluation results, since it ensures that the patient has assumed the optimal posture or position for the examination or monitoring.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to identify vibrations of the blood treatment device. In this embodiment, the received, reflected radar waves are examined by means of the evaluation unit, preferably for an oscillation pattern, an oscillation intensity or some other oscillation property. The comparison can be made with saved Vibration patterns, vibration strengths or other vibration properties are compared.

The set according to the invention can therefore be used to analyze disturbances and vibrations of the housing based on the results of their radar sensors.

The invention encompasses at least two procedures:

Thus, the set according to the invention can be used as part of a device service, i.e. at moments spaced apart from one another, e.g. B. every time a technician visits for maintenance / repair.

Alternatively or in addition, the set according to the invention, for. B. as a component or addition to a

Blood treatment device z. B. continuously or frequently, regularly, independently and / or automatically carry out an analysis of the blood treatment device (as described above), for example as part of preventive or predictive maintenance or self-maintenance.

For this purpose, patterns such as micro-vibration patterns can be measured and compared with reference data sets or patterns. Changes in the frequency, the frequency components and / or the amplitude levels can be indicators of an existing or developing technical problem of the blood treatment device. You can do this

Pattern comparisons of one and the same blood treatment device or between blood treatment devices e.g. B. of the same type and preferably for longer periods of time. The present invention may also include monitoring of the blood treatment device or treatment with the same. For example, an incorrectly inserted hose set on the blood pump can be identified by means of pattern recognition of the reflected radar waves.

The medical set can thus be used as a radar sensor or near-field radar sensor in the device or as a "tool" for the technician. It can be used to evaluate the sound patterns and vibrations of the machine from the outside.

It is also used for quality control in the production of medical devices, e.g. B. of blood treatment devices provided.

The advantage of the procedure using radar technology can be that it is not caused by - z. B. optical or acoustic - signals from the environment is disturbed. Furthermore, vibrations are advantageously detected directly and not by the pressure waves generated by the vibration, as is the case with acoustic methods. A location-sensitive measurement can also take place, especially if the transmitter device and / or the receiver device are equipped as or with an antenna array.

The advantage of the procedure using radar technology can be that the medical set can optionally be used in some embodiments as an optical distance sensor and z. B. the evaluation unit can be programmed accordingly. It can thus be provided to measure a distance on the basis of the transit time between radar waves emitted towards the interface and reflected radar waves. The temporal resolution of the measurement can be measured for this purpose.

In some embodiments, the first and / or second transmission device each consists of a transmitter or a transmitter array or has a transmitter or a transmitter array.

A transmitter array is understood to be an arrangement of spatially separated transmitters which, due to their arrangement (for example, linear in rows or planar on a surface or plane) and the possibility of individual control of the individual transmitters in the array, enable directed radiation.

In some embodiments, the first and / or second receiving device each consists of a receiver or a receiver array or has a receiver or a receiver array.

In some embodiments of the medical set, the control or regulating device of the blood treatment device is programmed or configured to at least temporarily block the execution of at least one function of the blood treatment device based on the reception of the signal from the output device.

In some embodiments, the blood treatment device is designed as a dialysis device, hemodialysis device, hemofiltration device or hemodiafiltration device, in particular as a device for acute, chronic renal replacement therapy or for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). In some embodiments, the medical kit is or includes a portable device. The medical set is suitable in some embodiments for mobile use and can e.g. B. be set up freely in the room, on a patient's bed, etc. In other embodiments, at least in sections thereof, e.g. B. provided on the ceiling.

In some embodiments, the medical set or a part thereof, for example the output device, has a data connection to a central or distributed computing unit, for example via LAN, WLAN, WiFi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), cellular radio, etc.

In some embodiments, the

Blood treatment device does not include a device with an irradiation source, in particular no device for performing particle therapy or for emitting an ion beam, or does not include such a device.

In some embodiments, the

Blood treatment device not a device with a radar sensor, set up to monitor a patient at a treatment station.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is not configured to determine a time-varying radar cross-section of an artery over a period of time.

In some embodiments, the medical kit is not based on Doppler radar use Identification system configured or does not use Doppler radar and / or the identification device is not configured for such use.

In some embodiments, the

The blood treatment device does not or does not include a device for diagnosis or imaging examination, in particular no device for fluoroscopy or x-rays.

In some embodiments, the evaluation unit is programmed to determine or measure a skin movement or skin perfusion (e.g. within a circumscribed skin area), or a change in the skin movement or the skin perfusion (e.g. within the circumscribed skin area) of the patient. It can use existing sensors for this purpose. It can be programmed to make comparisons between values of skin movement recorded at two or more points in time. It can be programmed to record, determined or measured values in this context with predetermined and z. B. to compare stored reference values or ranges, threshold values, historical values, etc.

In some embodiments the control device is programmed to, e.g. B. based on the herein disclosed signal or a sequence of such signals to control or regulate the blood treatment device.

The control or regulation can be such that, for. B. based on the collected, determined or measured skin movement or by the evaluation unit

Skin blood flow, or changes in skin movement or the blood circulation in the skin, the patient, a blood treatment or actions related to this or actions to be performed during the blood treatment are / are or are being influenced.

For example, the control device can be programmed to change or adapt a parameter, for example as a function of or as a result of the ascertained, raised or measured skin movement or skin perfusion or change in skin movement or skin perfusion.

Such a parameter can e.g. B. the delivery rate of a pump, the ultrafiltration rate or the like.

Thus, in some embodiments, radar technology, in particular as described herein, can be used to measure the microcirculation in the skin and to derive a patient status from this.

In order to determine vital data such as the heartbeat using radar technology, microvibrations of the skin are measured in some embodiments. According to the inventors' knowledge, this, or its expression, depends on the skin being supplied with blood and microcirculation taking place in it.

According to the inventors' knowledge, this microcirculation within the skin is definitely influenced in dialysis patients by the treatment of their fluid status. For example, a high ultrafiltration rate leads to reduced microcirculation. This reduction can be caused by the electromagnetic waves of a Radar system can be identified (e.g. by decreasing the microvibration amplitudes or analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals from the to

Vital data determination of the skin sections used). Thus, it is provided in some embodiments, contactless and without impairing the patient or attaching a sensor z. B. on the skin to draw conclusions about a changed microcirculation.

Such conclusions can be used to make a statement about the condition of the patient and the tolerability of the treatment.

In some embodiments, as a result of such a statement or knowledge on the part of the evaluation unit or the control device, treatment adjustments, such as e.g. B. a reduced ultrafiltration rate, or - in addition or alternatively - performing actions such as diagnostic actions, such as measuring the blood pressure and / or pulse of the patient z. B. via the blood pressure cuff, to initiate or to issue a corresponding note for the patient, doctor, medical staff or others.

In certain embodiments it can be provided that, as a result of such a statement or knowledge on the part of the evaluation unit or the control device, measured values, results, assessments, etc., other parameters or vital parameters are corrected, assessed, based on such a statement or knowledge, on the basis of a changed scale or with to evaluate changed threshold or limit values or ranges, etc. In some embodiments, the control device is programmed to control or regulate the blood treatment device based on the directly or indirectly determined or measured skin movement or skin perfusion, or change in skin movement or skin perfusion of the patient, or the signal based thereon by changing or adapting a parameter relating to ultrafiltration, e.g. B. by changing or adapting an ultrafiltration rate.

Some or all of the embodiments according to the invention can have one, more or all of the advantages mentioned above and / or below.

The set according to the invention can be used in a comparatively very hygienic manner, since no contact (physical contact) with the patient or the observation object is necessary. Surface contamination can be avoided in this way and thus time and costs for disinfection can be reduced or saved entirely.

Manipulations on the patient can advantageously be avoided when using the set according to the invention. The patient does not have to undress, do not have to wear a bracelet and / or a blood pressure cuff and the like.

By means of the set according to the invention, measurements, monitoring, etc. can advantageously take place autonomously. This means that a doctor does not necessarily have to be on site. The setup for this is advantageously simple. The present invention can thus help to optimize workflows and save time. The sensor system of the present invention can be installed in a chair, a couch, a bed or in an existing device or object to which the patient assumes a fixed position (e.g. pillow, pillow or pad for the armrest or the like. ) and which would be used in the course of the treatment anyway. This advantageously helps to save costs.

By means of the present invention, several patients can advantageously be measured from one position with the same sensor, as long as they are within the range of the sensor. This can help to save material and costs.

Another advantage of the present invention can lie in the simple protection of the patient's personal rights. When using the set according to the invention, for example, no film recordings and / or photos are made that would be detrimental to the anonymity of the patient.

By means of the present invention, measurement data can be recorded automatically and / or over a relatively long period of time. This can be of particular advantage in the area of home dialysis / SelfCare / SemiCare, etc., in which checks by medical staff can be carried out comparatively less frequently.

All the advantages that can be achieved with the method according to the invention can also be achieved undiminished with the devices according to the invention, and vice versa. In the following, the present invention is described purely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In it, the same reference symbols denote the same or the same components. In the figures of the drawing:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic, highly simplified diagram of a medical set according to the invention in a first embodiment;

Fig. 2 shows a simplified representation of a patient with a reference object as part of a medical set according to the invention in a second embodiment;

Fig. 3 shows a simplified representation of a patient with an identification device as part of a medical set according to the invention in a third embodiment;

Fig. 4 shows a greatly simplified representation

Diagram of a medical set according to the invention in a fourth embodiment;

Fig. 5 shows a greatly simplified representation

Diagram of a medical set according to the invention in a fifth embodiment with a blood treatment device as an optional component;

Fig. 6 shows, in a greatly simplified manner, the medical set according to the invention in a sixth exemplary embodiment; Fig. 7A shows, in a simplified representation, a medical set according to the invention in a seventh embodiment, which comprises a reclining or seating option for the patient, in a view from the front;

Fig. Figure 7B shows the medical set of Figure 7A from above; and

Fig. 8 shows, in a simplified representation, a medical set according to the invention in an eighth embodiment, which comprises another reclining or seating option for the patient, from the side.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic, highly simplified diagram of a medical set 1000 according to the invention in a simple embodiment, set up and programmed to monitor a patient P and / or a medical area by means of radar waves.

The set 1000 includes at least a first

Sending device S1 configured to send radar waves in the direction of the patient.

The set 1000 further comprises at least one first receiving device E1 for receiving radar waves which have been reflected from the patient P.

An evaluation unit A of the set 1000 is configured to evaluate the received radar waves. A result or evaluation result is achieved and formulated, stored or the like. The set 1000 further comprises an output device D. It is configured to output the result or at least one signal based on the result, for example to a monitor, a blood treatment device, an alarm device, a data transmission device, a storage device, etc.

The set 1000 is shown in FIG. 1 when the patient P is monitored. Instead of, or in addition to, the patient P, the set 1000 can be used to identify an object (such as a cannula, plaster, etc.) and / or a medical area (such as a surface, treatment device, etc.). ) to monitor.

1 shows the first transmitting device S1 and the first receiving device El of the set 1000 as separate devices of the set 1000. Alternatively, however, the invention also provides that the first transmitting device S1 and the first receiving device El are present together, for example as a common component , in a common package, on the same chip, etc.

The output device D can send signals e.g. B. to an optional visualization device V, to an alarm device (not shown) or the like.

Fig. 2 shows in a simplified representation the use of a reference object R, which can be part of the medical set 1000 according to the invention.

The reference object R can serve the evaluation unit D when evaluating the received radar waves by z. B. due to its shape and its recorded position a notice indicates how the patient, his extremity or an object that is being monitored is positioned. Thus, as in the example shown in FIG. 2, the reference object R can be provided in addition to a cannula K, which creates access to the vascular system of the patient P in the crook of the arm or by means of a shunt. One possible, exemplary use of the reference object R can provide for it to be arranged directly next to or under the cannula K or at a known distance from it, for example by being glued to the skin of the patient's arm. If the patient P's position changes during the monitoring of the patient P (in particular in relation to the reference object R) and here specifically the arrangement of his vascular access by means of the cannula K, there is a risk that the change in distance is detected by means of the set 1000 according to the invention, that the cannula K is no longer where it was initially placed by the doctor. Such a determination by means of the evaluation unit A can lead to an alarm triggered by the output device D.

Fig. 3 shows a simplified illustration of the medical set 1000 according to the invention in yet another, third exemplary embodiment with an identification device I as described herein. Reference is made above to its possible configurations.

Fig. 4 shows a simplified illustration of the medical set 1000 according to the invention in yet another, fourth exemplary embodiment.

In addition to the first receiving device E1 and the first transmitting device S1 already shown in FIG. 1, the set 1000 in FIG. 4 also has a second one Receiving device E2 and a second transmitting device S2.

The first transmitting device S1 and the first receiving device El are arranged at a different location than the second transmitting device S2 and the second receiving device E2.

The patient P, or alternatively a medical area or a medical object, are thus irradiated from different directions or from different locations by the two transmitting devices S1, S2 by means of radar waves, and the respective reflected radar waves are from different directions or from different locations received from the two receiving devices El, E2.

The evaluation unit A can be programmed to create a three-dimensional or approximately three-dimensional view of the patient, the medical area or object from the signals transmitted to it by the two receiving devices El, E2. B. can be displayed.

Fig. 5 shows, in a simplified representation, a process flow diagram of a blood treatment device 100 as an optional component of a fifth embodiment of the medical set 1000 according to the invention.

The blood treatment device 100 is optionally connected to an extracorporeal blood circuit 300 and a drainage hose system to an optional effluent bag 400. The extracorporeal blood circuit 300 has a first line 301, here in the form of an arterial line section.

The first line 301 is in fluid connection with a blood treatment device, here a blood filter or dialyzer 303 as an example. The blood filter 303 has a dialysis fluid chamber 303a, through which dialysis fluid is passed in use, and a blood chamber 303b, through which blood is passed in use. The dialysis fluid chamber 303a and the blood chamber 303b are mostly separated from one another by means of a semi-permeable membrane 303c. Blood and dialysis fluid are mostly passed through the blood filter 303 using the countercurrent principle. The blood is purified in the blood filter 303.

The extracorporeal blood circuit 300 also has at least one second line 305, here in the form of a venous line section.

Both the first line 301 and the second line 305 serve to connect them to the vascular system of the patient P (on the left in FIG. 5).

The first line 301 is optionally connected to a (first) hose clamp 302 for blocking or closing the line 301. The second line 305 is optionally connected to a (second) hose clamp 306 for blocking or closing the line 305.

The blood treatment device 100, which is represented schematically only by a few of its devices and in FIG. 5, has a blood pump 101. The blood pump 101 delivers During the treatment of the patient blood through sections of the extracorporeal blood circuit 300 and in the direction of the blood filter or dialyzer 303, as the small arrowheads, which generally indicate the direction of flow in each of the figures, show.

By means of a pump for dialysis fluid 121, which can be configured as a roller pump, as another occluding pump or as a pump of any other type, fresh dialysis fluid is pumped from a source 200 along the dialysis fluid supply line 104 into the dialysis fluid chamber 303a. The dialysis fluid leaves the

Dialysis fluid chamber 303a as dialysate, possibly enriched by filtrate, in the direction of the effluent bag 400. The filtrate can comprise water that was withdrawn from the blood in the blood filter. Dialysate and filtrate are referred to herein as effluent, individually or collectively, in a simplified manner.

In practice, the effluent is immediately discarded by means of a dialysate drain line 102 or, especially in the case of acute treatment, is fed to the effluent bag 400 and initially stored therein. After completion of the blood treatment, or at empty bag intervals during the blood treatment (intervals in which the effluent bag 400 is emptied), the effluent is removed from the effluent bag 400 by means of a pouring line, e.g. B. discarded in a sink or a differently designed sink.

The source 200 can be, for example, a bag or a container. The source 200 can also be a fluid line from which online and / or continuously generated or mixed liquid is provided, e.g. B. a hydraulic outlet or connection of the blood treatment device 100.

A further source 201 with a substituate can optionally be provided. It can correspond to the source 200 or be a separate source.

In addition to the aforementioned blood pump 101 and the pump 121 for dialysis fluid, the arrangement shown in FIG. 5 also optionally has a number of further, each optional pumps, namely the pump 111 for substituate and the pump 131 for the effluent.

The optional pump 111 is provided in order to supply substituate from the optional source 201, for example a bag, and via an optionally available bag heater HI with a heating bag to the second line 305.

The pump 121 is provided in order to supply dialysis fluid from a source 200, for example a bag, and via an optionally available bag heater H2 with a heating bag to the blood filter 303 by means of the dialysis fluid supply line 104.

The dialysis fluid supplied in this way emerges again from the blood filter 303 via the dialysate drain line 102, supported by the optional pump 131, and can be discarded.

An optional arterial sensor PSI is provided upstream of the blood pump 101. While the patient is being treated, it measures the pressure in the arterial line. A further, optional pressure sensor PS2 is provided downstream of the blood pump 101, but upstream of the blood filter 303 and, if provided, upstream of an addition point 25 for heparin or another systemic anticoagulant. It measures the pressure upstream of the blood filter 303 (“pre-hemofilter”).

Yet another pressure sensor can be provided as PS4 downstream of the blood filter 303, but preferably upstream of the pump 131, in the dialysate drain line 102 for measuring the filtrate pressure of the blood filter 303.

Blood leaving the blood filter 303 flows through an optional venous blood chamber 29, which can have a venting device 31 and / or a further pressure sensor PS3. The blood is then returned to the patient (reinfused).

A control or regulating device 150 that is only hinted at can be configured or (software) programmed (which is used synonymously with "configured" herein) to regulate or control the blood treatment device 100 for the purpose of a blood treatment session. In this example, it is part of FIG Blood treatment device 100. In some embodiments, the control or regulating device 150 can also be present separately from the blood treatment device 100.

The control or regulating device 150 can be in wired or wireless signal connection with any of the components of the medical set mentioned herein. FIG. 5 also shows, in a very simplified representation, the medical set 1000 in any embodiment thereof.

The output device D of the set 1000 is in signal communication with the control device 150 of the blood treatment device 1000 in a wired, wireless or other way or is prepared for this, for example by coupling the two devices D and 150, for example by means of pairing, etc.

Pairing is a process that takes place in connection with computer networks in order to establish an initial link between computer units for the purpose of communication. The best-known example of this is the establishment of a Bluetooth connection, by means of which various devices (e.g. smartphone, headphones) are connected to one another. Pairing is sometimes referred to as bonding.

The set 1000 can be programmed to operate by means of the control device 150

To act on blood treatment device 100. For example, if the evaluation unit A has determined that the cannula K of the patient P is no longer correctly positioned or even dislocated, the output device D can transfer the blood treatment device 100 to an emergency mode by means of a signal to the control device 150, turn it off and stop the blood pump 101 , issue an alarm and / or cause the like by means of the blood treatment device 100. Fig. 6 shows a simplified illustration of the medical set 1000 according to the invention in yet another, sixth exemplary embodiment.

The set 1000 of FIG. 6 optionally has a cannulation robot 700 for the automatic and / or mechanical puncture of a vessel on the forearm UA of the patient P, here a fistula 250 as the puncture site as an example. Such a cannulation robot 700 is optionally part of the medical set 1000. It can be designed as in DE 102017 201 434 A1,

US 2019/0374700 A1, EP 0 654244 B1, US 2015/0065916 A1 or WO 2015/052719 A1, the disclosures of which in this regard are fully part of the present disclosure by reference.

The evaluation unit A can be programmed to determine the course of the vessel to be punctured, the output device D can be programmed to control or regulate the cannulation robot 700 in unidirectional or bidirectional connection with the aim of regulating the fistula 250 according to predetermined criteria , etc. to optimally puncture.

Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B show, in a simplified representation, a medical set 1000 according to the invention in yet another, seventh embodiment, which comprises a reclining or seating facility 800 for the patient P. The medical set 1000 has at least one first position sensor PI, which is arranged here by way of example in or on the reclining or seating facility 800. The set 1000 is shown from the front in FIG. 7A and from above in FIG. 7B. A backrest 801 can be seen in which, in addition to the first position sensor PI, further position sensors P2, P2 and P4 are optionally provided. A seat surface 803 can also be seen.

The position sensors PI, P2 and P3 detect the position of the patient P when he is on the couch or

Seating has taken 800 seats. In particular, they detect whether the patient has leaned completely or at least sufficiently against the backrest 801 and thus assumes a firmly defined position in relation to the radio-based first transmitting device S1 and / or receiving device E1, at least one of which can also be incorporated into the backrest 801.

Alternatively or in addition, a second

Sending device S2 and a second receiving device E2 can be arranged on the reclining or seating facility, for example under the seat surface 803.

FIG. 7B shows the reclining or seating facility 800 of FIG. 7A with a view from above onto the seat surface 803.

In addition or as an alternative to the position sensors P5 to P8 in the backrest 801 (or assigned to it), in the seat surface 803, in each case in the number shown here, or in a smaller or larger number. The function of the position sensors P5 to P8 corresponds to that of the position sensors PI to P4.

Fig. 8 shows, in a simplified representation, a medical set 1000 according to the invention in yet another, eighth embodiment, which comprises a lying or sitting facility 800 for the patient P, shown from the side. The medical set 1000 once again has at least one first position sensor PI, which is arranged here in or on the reclining or seating facility 800 as an example. The set 1000 is shown from the side in FIG.

As an alternative to the position sensors PI to P8 already known from FIGS. 7A and 7B, or in addition thereto, the position of the backrest 801 can be detected by means of a position sensor P9. If the patient P takes full place on the lying or sitting facility 800 and leans against it as usual, the backrest 803 is pushed back by his weight. The position sensor P9, which can alternatively be configured as an angle sensor, can detect this.

To determine usable vital data or other measurements on patient P, it is helpful to know the exact position of the patient. For this purpose, sensors such as the position sensors PI to P8 for position detection or the position sensor P9 as an angle sensor can be used, which may be simple and inexpensive (electrical switches, force sensors, proximity sensors, etc.). Such position sensors are provided, for example, in the reclining or seating facility 800, the patient bed or the chair. A feedback from the position sensors PI to P9 can be used according to the invention in order to activate the transmitting device (s) S1, S2 only when the patient P is actually in the measurement field. A free emission or transmission of electromagnetic radar waves into the room without a meaningful examination of the patient P or another goal being able to be pursued is thus avoided. Problems caused by electromagnetic waves emitted freely into the room can thus be avoided / reduced. Energy is saved because the

Transmitting devices S1, S2 are only active when a measurement can be sensibly carried out (the patient P, for example, is sitting in a chair).

List of reference symbols

25 addition point for heparin (optional)

29 venous blood chambers (optional)

31 Ventilation device

100 blood treatment facility

101 blood pump

102 Dialysate drain line, effluent inlet line

104 dialysis fluid supply line

111 Pump for substituate

121 Pump for dialysis fluid

131 Pump for dialysate or effluent in the effluent inlet line

150 control or regulating device

200 source with dialysis fluid

201 Source with substituate, optional

250 fistula; Puncture site

300 extracorporeal blood circulation

301, first line (arterial line section)

302 (first) hose clamp

303 blood filter or dialyzer 303a dialysis fluid chamber 303b blood chamber 303c semi-permeable membrane

305 second line (venous line section)

306 (second) hose clamp

400 effluent bags

700 cannulation robots 800 loungers or seats

801 backrest

803 seat

1000 medical set

A evaluation unit

D output device

El first receiving device

E2 second receiving device

Hl bag heater with bag (substituate)

H2 bag heating with bag (dialysis fluid)

I identification device

K cannula, object

P patient

PSI, PS2 arterial pressure sensor (optional)

PS3 pressure sensor (optional)

PS4 pressure sensor for measuring the filtrate pressure

PI position sensor

P2 position sensor

P3 position sensor

P4 position sensor

P5 position sensor

P6 position sensor

P7 position sensor

P8 position sensor

P9 position sensor; Angle sensor R reference object

S1 first transmitting device S2 second transmitting device

UA forearm

V visualization device

Claims

Expectations

1. Medical set (1000) for monitoring a patient (P) and / or a medical area or object (K) by means of radar waves, with at least one first transmitting device (S1) for transmitting radar waves, preferably at one or more predetermined frequencies; at least one first receiving device (El) for receiving reflected radar waves; an evaluation unit (A) for evaluating the radar waves received by means of the first receiving device (E1) while achieving a result; and an output device (D) for outputting the result or at least one signal based on the result.

2. Medical set (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is programmed to measure a position or changes in position of the patient's body (P) or a part thereof, e.g. B. an extremity, or an object to determine.

3. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (D) is programmed to determine vital data, for. B. heart rate, respiratory rate, or to determine a state of a vessel, each of the patient (P).

4. Medical set (1000) according to claim 3, wherein the state of the vessel is determined by means of recording and / or evaluating a pulse wave propagation on or within the vessel.

5. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is programmed to identify a person, e.g. B. using vital data, body topology, and / or movement patterns.

6. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is programmed to determine or measure a skin movement or skin blood flow, or a change in skin movement or skin blood flow, of the patient (P), and to output the signal depending on this.

7. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a reference object (R) for attachment to the patient's body, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is programmed to also be reflected by the reference object (R) and by means of the at least one receiving device (El) to evaluate received radar waves.

8. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is programmed to achieve the result by comparing the received radar waves, or evaluations based thereon, with reference data or sets and / or reference patterns.

9. The medical set (1000) according to claim 8, wherein the reference data or sets and / or the reference pattern data, data sets or patterns of predetermined materials, surfaces, surface properties, degree or degree of reflection of certain tissues or liquids, received at another point in time Radar waves or evaluations based on them are or include.

10. The medical set (1000) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the predetermined surfaces are or comprise the patient's skin or bed linen.

11. Medical set (1000) according to one of claims 8 to

10, wherein the predetermined tissues are or include blood vessels.

12. Medical set (1000) according to one of claims 8 to

11, wherein the predetermined fluids are or include blood.

13. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second transmitting device (S2), wherein the first transmitting device (Sl) is arranged for transmitting radar waves in a first direction or from a first location, and wherein the second Transmitting device (S2) is arranged for transmitting radar waves in a second direction different from the first direction or from a second different location from the first location, and / or wherein the first transmitting device (Sl) on the one hand and the second transmitting device (S2) on the other are arranged spaced from each other.

14. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second receiving device (E2), wherein the first receiving device (El) is arranged to receive radar waves from a first direction or from a first location, and wherein the second

Receiving device (E2) is arranged for receiving radar waves from a second direction different from the first direction or from a second location different from the first location, and / or wherein the first receiving device (El) on the one hand and the second receiving device (E2) on the other are arranged spaced from each other.

15. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is programmed to determine a three-dimensional extent of at least a section of the patient (P) irradiated with radar waves by means of the first and / or second transmission device (S1, S2) , the medical area and / or the medical object (K).

16. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a

Visualization device (V) for the optical output of the result.

17. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a

Identification device (I), which has one or more devices for modulating the radar waves transmitted in their direction by means of the first transmission device (S1) before or during their reflection on a device for the identification device (I) typical way, the

Identification device (I) is preferably provided to be worn on the body of a person, in particular the patient (P).

18. The medical set (1000) according to claim 17, wherein the one or more devices for modulating comprises a plurality of resonant circuits.

19. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a blood treatment device (100) with a control device (150).

20. The medical set (1000) according to claim 19, wherein the output device (D) is programmed to act on the control device (150) for controlling or regulating the blood treatment device (100) by means of the at least one signal which it is programmed to output .

21. Medical set (1000) according to claim 20, wherein the control device (150) is programmed, based on the skin movement or skin blood flow determined or measured by the evaluation unit (A), or change in skin movement or skin blood flow, of the patient (P) , or the signal based thereon to control or regulate the blood treatment device (100), in particular by changing or adapting a parameter relating to the ultrafiltration, e.g. B. by changing or adapting an ultrafiltration rate.

22. Medical set (1000) according to one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the output device (D) is programmed for loading patient-specific data or for patient-specific setup of the

Blood treatment device (100), enabling / calling up treatment settings or options based on the result of the evaluation.

23. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one position sensor (PI) which does not measure by means of radar waves, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is additionally programmed to receive signals from the position sensor (PI) and to initiate the first and / or second transmission device (Sl, S2) to send radar waves only in the event that the evaluation unit (A) determines that the signals received from the position sensor (PI) correspond to predetermined criteria.

24. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a lounger or seat (800) for the patient (P), the position sensor (PI) being arranged in or on the lounger or seat (800).

25. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (A) is programmed to identify vibrations of the blood treatment device (100).

26. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or second transmission device (S1, S2) is or has a transmitter or a transmitter array.

27. Medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or second receiving device (E1, E2) is or has a receiver or a receiver array.

28. A method for monitoring a patient (P) and / or a medical area by means of radar waves, comprising the steps:

Providing a medical set (1000) according to one of the preceding claims;

Sending radar waves by means of the first transmission device (S1) in the direction of the patient (P) and / or the medical area, or starting from a first location;

Receiving radar waves reflected from the patient (P) and / or medical area by means of the first receiving device (El);

Evaluate the means of the first

Receiving device (El) received radar waves by means of the evaluation unit (A) provided for evaluating the radar waves, achieving a result;

Output the result or a signal based on the result.