EP4157553A1 - Ultrasonic imaging device with line and column addressing - Google Patents
Ultrasonic imaging device with line and column addressingInfo
- Publication number
- EP4157553A1 EP4157553A1 EP21725780.7A EP21725780A EP4157553A1 EP 4157553 A1 EP4157553 A1 EP 4157553A1 EP 21725780 A EP21725780 A EP 21725780A EP 4157553 A1 EP4157553 A1 EP 4157553A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transducers
- transducer
- column
- lower electrode
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012285 ultrasound imaging Methods 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
- B06B1/0629—Square array
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/0292—Electrostatic transducers, e.g. electret-type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
- B06B2201/55—Piezoelectric transducer
Definitions
- the present description relates to the field of ultrasound imaging, and more particularly relates to a device comprising an array of ultrasonic transducers with row-column addressing.
- An ultrasound imaging device conventionally comprises a plurality of ultrasound transducers, and an electronic control circuit connected to the transducers.
- the electronic control circuit is configured to apply electrical excitation signals to the transducers, so as to cause the emission of ultrasonic waves by the transducers, in the direction of the body or object to be analyzed.
- the ultrasonic waves emitted by the transducers are reflected by the body to be analyzed (by its internal and / or surface structure), then return to the transducers which convert them again into electrical signals.
- These electrical response signals are read by the electronic control circuit, and can be stored and analyzed to deduce information on the body studied.
- the ultrasonic transducers can be arranged in a strip in the case of two-dimensional image acquisition devices, or in a matrix in the case of three-dimensional image acquisition devices.
- the acquired image is representative of a section of the body studied in a plane defined by the axis of alignment of the transducers of the bar on the one hand, and by the direction of emission transducers on the other hand.
- the acquired image is representative of a volume defined by the two directions of alignment of the transducers of the array and by the direction of emission of the transducers.
- Fully populated devices offer greater flexibility in shaping the ultrasonic beams in transmission and reception.
- the control electronics of the matrix are however complex, the number of transmission / reception channels required being equal to M * N in the case of a matrix of M rows by N columns.
- the signal-to-noise ratio is generally relatively low since each transducer has a small surface area for exposure to ultrasonic waves.
- RCA type devices use different ultrasound beam shaping algorithms.
- the beam shaping possibilities may be reduced compared to fully populated devices.
- the control electronics of the matrix are considerably simplified, the number of transmission / reception channels required being reduced to M + N in the case of a matrix of M rows by N columns.
- the signal to noise ratio is improved due to the interconnection of the transducers in row or in column during the transmission and reception phases.
- An object of one embodiment is to provide a device for acquiring three-dimensional ultrasonic images with row-column addressing, overcoming all or part of the drawbacks of known devices.
- an ultrasound imaging device comprising a plurality of ultrasound transducers arranged in rows and columns, each transducer comprising a lower electrode and an upper electrode, in which:
- any two neighboring transducers of the row respectively have their lower electrode and their upper electrode connected to one another, or their upper electrode and their lower electrode connected to one another;
- any two neighboring transducers of the column respectively have their lower electrode and their upper electrode connected to one another, or their upper electrode and their lower electrode connected to one another.
- any two neighboring transducers of the row have their respective lower electrodes electrically insulated from each other and their respective upper electrodes electrically insulated from one another. The other;
- any two neighboring transducers of the column have their respective lower electrodes electrically isolated from one another and their respective upper electrodes electrically isolated from one another.
- each ultrasonic transducer is a CMUT transducer comprising a flexible membrane suspended above a cavity, the lower electrode of the transducer being disposed on the side of the cavity opposite to the flexible membrane, and the the upper electrode of the transducer being disposed on the side of the flexible membrane opposite to the cavity.
- the cavities of the transducers are formed in a rigid support layer, and each transducer has its upper electrode electrically connected to a lower electrode of a neighboring transducer via a conductive element passing through the rigid support layer.
- the lower electrode of each transducer is made of a doped semiconductor material.
- a portion of a metal layer extends under the lower electrode of each transducer, in contact with the lower face of the lower electrode of the transducer.
- the flexible membrane is made of a semiconductor material.
- a dielectric layer coats the upper face of the lower electrode of the transducer, at the bottom of the cavity.
- each transducer is a PMUT transducer.
- FIG. 1 is a top view schematically and partially illustrating an example of a matrix ultrasound imaging device with row-column addressing
- Figure 2A is a sectional view along the plane A-A of Figure 1, illustrating in more detail an embodiment of the device of Figure 1;
- Figure 2B is a corresponding sectional view along the plane B-B of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a top view schematically and partially illustrating an embodiment of a matrix ultrasound imaging device with row-column addressing
- Figure 4A is a sectional view along the plane A-A of Figure 3, illustrating in more detail an embodiment of the device of Figure 3;
- Figure 4B is a corresponding sectional view along the plane B-B of Figure 3;
- Figure 5A is a sectional view along the plane B-B of Figure 3, illustrating in more detail another embodiment of the device of Figure 3;
- Figure 5B is a corresponding sectional view along the plane B-B of Figure 3;
- Figures 6A to 6K are sectional views illustrating steps of an example of a method of manufacturing a device of the type illustrated by Figures 4A and 4B; and Figures 7A to 7C are sectional views illustrating steps of an example of a method of manufacturing a device of the type illustrated by Figures 5A and 5B.
- the various treatments applied to the electrical signals supplied by the ultrasound transducers in order to extract useful information on the body to be analyzed have not been detailed, the embodiments described being compatible with the treatments usually implemented in the systems. ultrasound imaging.
- the control circuits of the ultrasonic transducers of the imaging devices described have not been detailed, the embodiments being compatible with all or most of the known circuits for controlling ultrasound transducers of matrix ultrasound imaging devices with row-column addressing.
- the production of the ultrasound transducers of the imaging devices described has not been detailed, the embodiments described being compatible with all or most of the known structures of ultrasound transducers.
- Figure 1 is a top view schematically and partially illustrating an example of a matrix ultrasound imaging device with row-column addressing 100.
- Figures 2A and 2B are sectional views of the device 100 of Figure 1 respectively along planes AA and BB of Figure 1.
- the device 100 comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 101 arranged in a matrix along M lines Li and N columns C j , with M and N integers greater than or equal to 2, i integer ranging from 1 to M, and integer j ranging from 1 year.
- Each transducer 101 of the device 100 comprises a lower electrode El and an upper electrode E2 ( Figures 2A and 2B).
- the transducer When an appropriate excitation voltage is applied between its electrodes E1 and E2, the transducer emits an ultrasonic acoustic wave.
- the transducer receives an ultrasonic acoustic wave in a certain range of frequencies, it supplies between its electrodes E1 and E2 a voltage representative of the wave received.
- the transducers 101 are capacitive membrane transducers, also called CMUT transducers (standing for “Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer”).
- the transducers 101 of the column have their respective lower electrodes El connected to each other.
- the lower electrodes E1 of transducers 101 of separate columns are not connected to one another.
- the transducers 101 of the row have their electrodes respective higher E2 interconnected.
- the upper electrodes E2 of transducers 101 of distinct lines are not connected to one another.
- each strip 103 of electrodes E1 comprises a vertical stack of a semiconductor strip and of a conductive strip each extending over substantially the entire length of the column.
- the upper electrodes E2 of the transducers 101 of the line form a continuous conductive or semiconductor strip 105, extending over substantially the entire length of the line.
- each strip 105 of electrodes E2 comprises a vertical stack of a semiconductor strip and a conductive strip each extending over substantially the entire length of the line. For the sake of simplicity, only the lower 103 and upper 105 electrode strips are shown in Figure 1.
- the bands 103 forming the column electrodes are made of a doped semiconductor material, for example doped silicon.
- the bands 105 forming the line electrodes are made of metal.
- the lower bands 103 are mutually parallel, and the upper bands 105 are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the bands 103.
- the device 100 comprises a support substrate 110, for example in a semiconductor material, for example in silicon.
- the array of ultrasonic transducers 101 is arranged on the face top of the substrate 110.
- a dielectric layer 112 for example a layer of silicon oxide, interfaces between the substrate 110 and the array of ultrasonic transducers 101.
- the dielectric layer 112 extends for example continuously over the entire upper surface of the support substrate 110.
- the layer 112 is in contact, via its lower face, with the upper face of the substrate 110, over substantially the entire upper surface of the substrate 110.
- the lower electrode strips 103 are arranged on the upper face of the dielectric layer 112, for example in contact with the upper face of the dielectric layer 112.
- the strips 103 can be separated laterally from each other by strips dielectrics 121, for example made of silicon oxide, extending parallel to the strips 103 and having a thickness substantially identical to that of the strips 103.
- Each transducer 101 comprises a cavity 125 formed in a rigid support layer 127, and a flexible membrane 123 suspended above the cavity 125.
- the layer 127 is for example a layer of silicon oxide.
- Layer 127 is disposed on the upper surface, for example substantially planar, of the assembly formed by the alternating bands 103 and 121.
- the cavity 125 is located opposite the lower electrode El of the transducer.
- each transducer 101 comprises a single cavity 125 facing its lower electrode El.
- the cavity 125 can be divided into a plurality of cavities elementary, for example arranged, in top view, in a matrix in rows and columns, separated laterally from each other by side walls formed by portions of the layer 127.
- a dielectric layer 129 for example of silicon oxide, covers the lower electrode El of the transducer, so as to prevent any electrical contact between the flexible membrane 123 and the lower electrode El of the transducer.
- a dielectric layer (not shown) can coat the underside of the membrane 123. In this case, the layer 129 can be omitted.
- the flexible membrane 123, coating the cavity 125 of the transducer is for example made of a doped or undoped semiconductor material, for example of silicon.
- the upper electrode E2 of the transducer is placed on and in contact with the upper face of the flexible membrane 123 of the transducer, in line with the cavity 125 and the lower electrode El of the transducer .
- the upper electrode E2 of each transducer 101 can be formed by the membrane itself, in which case the layer 105 can be omitted.
- the flexible membranes 123 of the transducers 101 of the line form a continuous membrane strip extending substantially the entire length of the line, laterally separated from the membrane strips of neighboring lines by a dielectric region.
- the membrane strip 123 of the line coincides, for example, in top view, with the upper electrode strip 105 of the line.
- the device 100 can comprise a transmission circuit, a reception circuit, and a controllable switch for, in a first configuration, connecting the electrodes E2 line transducers to an output terminal of the line transmission circuit, and, in a second configuration, connect the electrodes E2 of the line transducers to an input terminal of the line reception circuit.
- the device 100 may comprise a transmission circuit, a reception circuit, and a controllable switch for, in a first configuration, connecting the electrodes El of the column transducers to an output terminal of the column emission circuit, and, in a second configuration, connect the electrodes E1 of the column transducers to an input terminal of the column reception circuit.
- the transmission and reception circuits and the switches of the device 100 have not been shown in the figures.
- the production of these elements has not been detailed, the embodiments described being compatible with the usual embodiments of transmission / reception circuits of matrix ultrasound imaging devices with row-column addressing.
- the transmission / reception circuits can be identical or similar to those described in French patent application No. 19/06515 filed by the applicant on June 18, 2019.
- a limitation of the device of Figure 1 is related to the fact that the capacitive coupling between the lower electrode strips 103 by the substrate 110 is much greater than the capacitive coupling between the upper electrode strips 105 and the substrate 110. This results in a difference in behavior between the lines Li and the columns C of the device. More particularly, this results in a difference in reception sensitivity between the lines Li and the columns C of the device.
- the voltage generated on the upper electrode strip 105 of a line Li during a reading phase of the line Li is markedly greater than the voltage generated on the lower electrode strip 103 d 'a column C j during a reading phase of column C j . This can lead to unwanted artifacts in the acquired image.
- FIG. 3 is a top view schematically and partially illustrating an example of an embodiment of a matrix ultrasound imaging device with row-column addressing 300.
- Figures 4A and 4B are sectional views of the device 300 of Figure 3 according to planes A-A and B-B of Figure 3 respectively.
- the device 300 has elements in common with the device 100 described above. These common elements will not be detailed again below. In the remainder of the description, only the differences with respect to the device 100 will be highlighted.
- the device 300 comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 101 arranged in a matrix along M lines Li and N columns C.
- each transducer 101 of the device 300 comprises a lower electrode El and an upper electrode E2.
- each transducer 101 of the device 300 comprises a lower electrode El and an upper electrode E2.
- the upper electrodes E2 are shown in the figure.
- the device 300 differs from the device 100 mainly by the interconnection diagram of the lower El and upper electrodes E2 of the transducers 101 of the device.
- the device 300 in each line Li of transducers 101, two neighboring transducers lOli j and 101i j + i any in the line (lOli j and 101i j + i designating here respectively the transducer 101 of the line Li and of the column C j of the matrix, and the transducer 101 of the row Li and of the column C j + i of the matrix), respectively have their lower electrode El and their upper electrode E2 connected to each other, or their upper electrode E2 and their lower electrode E1 connected to each other.
- the upper electrodes E2 of the transducers 101i j and 101i j + 1 are electrically insulated from one another.
- the lower electrodes El of the transducers 10i and 10i + i are electrically isolated from each other.
- any two neighboring transducers lOli j and 101i + 1j in the column (10li + ij here designating the transducer 101 of the line Li +1 and of the column C j) respectively have their lower electrode E1 and their upper electrode E2 connected to one another, or their upper electrode E2 and their lower electrode E1 connected to one another.
- the upper electrodes E2 of the transducers lOli j and lOli + ij are electrically insulated from one another.
- the lower electrodes El of transducers 101i j and 101i + 1j are electrically insulated from one another.
- a column conductor 303 common to all the transducers 101 of the column winds vertically between the transducers of the column, passing alternately through the lower El and upper electrodes E2 of the transducers of the column.
- a line conductor 305 common to all the transducers 101 of the line winds vertically between the transducers of the line, passing alternately through the lower E1 and upper electrodes E2 of the line transducers.
- connection elements 311 for example made of metal, vertically passing through the portions of the dielectric layer 127 laterally separating the cavities 125 of the transducers. More particularly, in the example of FIGS. 4A and 4B, each connection element 311 extends vertically from the lower face of the upper electrode E2 of a transducer 101 to the upper face of the lower electrode El d a neighboring transducer 101.
- the dielectric regions 121 form, in top view, a continuous grid entirely surrounding each electrode El and laterally separating each electrode El from the electrodes El of the neighboring transducers.
- each electrode E2 is entirely surrounded and laterally separated from the electrodes E2 of the neighboring transducers by a dielectric region (possibly air or vacuum).
- each flexible membrane 123 is completely surrounded and laterally separated from the membranes 123 of the neighboring transducers by a dielectric region.
- the flexible membranes 123 can be made of a dielectric material, for example silicon oxide.
- the membranes of neighboring transducers can form a continuous layer.
- the operation of the device 300 is substantially identical to that of the device 100 described above, by replacing the column conductors 103 and the line conductors 105 of the device 100, respectively arranged on the side of the lower face and on the side of the face top of the transducers 101, by respectively the conductors of column 303 and row conductors 305, each snaking between the transducers of the corresponding row or column, passing alternately through the lower E1 and upper electrodes E2 of the transducers of the row or column.
- the device 300 can comprise a transmission circuit, a reception circuit, and a controllable switch for, in a first configuration, connecting the line conductor 305 of the line Li to an output terminal of the transmission circuit of the line, and, in a second configuration, connecting the line conductor 305 of the line Li to an input terminal of the reception circuit of the line.
- the device 300 may include a transmission circuit, a reception circuit, and a controllable switch for, in a first configuration, connecting the column conductor 303 column C to an output terminal of the column emission circuit, and, in a second configuration, connect the column conductor 303 of column C to an input terminal of the column reception circuit.
- An advantage of the device 300 is that the capacitive coupling of the row conductors 305 with the substrate 110 and the capacitive coupling of the column conductors 303 with the substrate 110 are substantially identical. This makes it possible to mirror the behavior of the lines Li and of the columns Cj of the device. In particular, the reception sensitivity is substantially identical in the rows and in the columns of the device, which makes it possible to improve the quality of the images acquired. This also makes it possible to have significantly the same electrical properties, and in particular substantially the same impedance, on the rows and columns.
- Figures 5A and 5B are sectional views respectively along the planes A-A and B-B of Figure 3, illustrating an alternative embodiment of the device 300.
- each electrode El of the device extends a portion of metal layer 501, for example made of the same metal as the upper electrodes E2 of the device.
- the layer 501 is in contact, via its upper face, with the lower face of the electrodes E1.
- the layer 501 is in contact, via its lower face, with the upper face of the dielectric layer 112.
- each connection element 311 extends vertically from the lower face of the upper electrode E2 of a transducer 101 to the upper face of the portion of metal layer 501 of a neighboring transducer 101.
- An advantage of this variant embodiment is that it allows, in the case where the lower electrodes E1 of the transducers are made of a semiconductor material, to increase the electrical conductivity of the conductive elements of row 305 and column 303 at the level lower electrodes El of the transducers.
- FIGS. 6A to 6K are sectional views illustrating steps of an example of a method of manufacturing a device of the type illustrated by FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 6A illustrates a step of oxidizing part of the thickness of a semiconductor layer of an SOI type structure (standing for "Semiconductor On Insulator" - semiconductor on insulator).
- the starting structure comprises a support substrate 10, for example in a semiconductor material, for example in silicon, a dielectric layer 12, for example in silicon oxide, coating the upper face of the substrate 10, and a semiconductor layer 14, for example a layer of monocrystalline silicon, coating the upper face of the dielectric layer 12.
- the dielectric layer 12 and the upper semiconductor layer 14 each extend for example continuously and with a substantially constant thickness, over the entire surface.
- dielectric layer 12 is in contact, via its lower face, with the upper face of substrate 10
- semiconductor layer 14 is in contact, via its lower face, with the upper face of the substrate 10. dielectric layer 12.
- FIG. 6A more particularly illustrates a step of oxidation of an upper part of the semiconductor layer 14.
- the upper part of the layer 14 is transformed into a layer 14a of a dielectric material, by example of silicon oxide (in the case where the starting layer 14 is made of silicon).
- the nature of the lower part 14b of the layer 14 remains unchanged.
- the oxidation of the upper part of the layer 14 is carried out by a dry thermal oxidation process.
- the initial thickness of the semiconductor layer 14 is for example between 50 nm and 3 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 14a after oxidation is for example between 10 and 500 nm, for example of the order of 50 nm.
- FIG. 6B illustrates a step of forming, in the insulating layer 14a, localized cavities corresponding to the cavities 125 of the CMUT transducers.
- the cavities 125 extend vertically from the upper face of the insulating layer 14a, in the direction of the layer 14b. In the example shown, the cavities 125 are through, that is to say they open out on the upper face of the semiconductor layer 14b.
- the cavities 125 can be formed by etching, for example by plasma etching.
- An etching mask can be used to define the position of the cavities 125.
- FIG. 6C illustrates a step of oxidation of the upper face of a second semiconductor substrate 20, for example made of silicon.
- a dielectric layer 22, for example made of silicon oxide is formed on the side of the upper face of the substrate 20.
- the oxidation can be carried out by a dry thermal oxidation process.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer 22 formed during this step is for example between 50 nm and 1 ⁇ m, for example of the order of 100 nm.
- FIG. 6D illustrates a transfer step of the assembly comprising the substrate 20 and the dielectric layer 22 on the upper face of the structure obtained at the end of the steps of FIGS. 6A and 6B. More particularly, in the example shown, the substrate 20 is turned over with respect to the orientation of FIG. 6C, and transferred to the structure of FIG. 6B, so that the lower face of the layer 22 comes into contact with the upper face of layer 14a.
- the two structures are fixed to one another by direct bonding or molecular bonding of the lower face of the layer 22 with the upper face of the layer 14a.
- the dielectric layer 22 thus closes the cavities 125 via their upper face.
- FIG. 6E illustrates a step of thinning the substrate 20 by its face opposite the dielectric layer 22, that is to say by its upper face in the orientation of the figure 6E.
- Thinning is for example carried out by grinding.
- the initial thickness of the substrate 20 before thinning is for example of the order of 700 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the substrate can be between 300 nm and 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 6F illustrates a step of forming insulating trenches 121 filled with a dielectric material, for example silicon oxide, from the upper face of the thinned substrate 20.
- the trenches 121 (in black in FIG. 6F) correspond to the dielectric regions 121 of FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the trenches 121 entirely pass through the substrate 20, over its entire thickness, and open out on the upper face of the insulating layer 22.
- the trenches 121 are for example formed by deep ionic reactive etching of the substrate 20, then filled with a dielectric material.
- the portions of substrate 20 delimited by the trenches correspond to the electrodes E1 of the transducers.
- FIG. 6G illustrates a step of oxidation of the upper face of a third semiconductor substrate 30, for example made of silicon.
- a dielectric layer 32 for example made of silicon oxide, is formed on the side of the upper face of the substrate 30.
- the oxidation can be carried out by a dry thermal oxidation process.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer 32 formed during this step is for example between 100 nm and 10 ⁇ m, for example of the order of 2 ⁇ m, for example between 2 and 10 ⁇ m.
- the layer 32 may be formed by depositing an insulating material, for example silicon oxide, on the upper face of the substrate 30.
- the substrate 30 may be a substrate made of a dielectric material, for example glass, or a semiconductor substrate with high resistivity, for example an undoped or lightly doped silicon substrate.
- FIG. 6H illustrates a step of transferring the structure of FIG. 6F to the structure of FIG. 6G.
- the structure of FIG. 6F is turned over with respect to the orientation of FIG. 6F, and transferred to the structure of FIG. 6G so that the lower face of the electrodes E1 and the lower face of the dielectric regions 121 come into contact with the upper face of the dielectric layer 32.
- the two structures are fixed to each other by direct bonding of the lower face of the electrodes E1 and of the dielectric regions 121 on the upper face of the dielectric layer 32 .
- FIG. 61 illustrates a subsequent step of removing the substrate 10 and the dielectric layer 12 from the starting structure.
- the semiconductor layer 14b is kept above the cavities, to form the membranes 123 of the transducers.
- FIG. 6J illustrates the structure obtained at the end of one or more subsequent stages of structuring of the semiconductor layer 14b and of the dielectric layers 14a and 22, for on the one hand delimiting the flexible membranes 123 of the transducers in the semiconductor layer 14b, and on the other hand form, in the dielectric layers 14a and 22, openings 41 for access to the upper face of the electrodes El of the transducers.
- FIG. 6K illustrates a subsequent step of depositing a metal layer 43 over the entire upper face of the structure of FIG. 61, then of structuring the metal layer 43, for example by photolithography and etching, to delimit the upper electrodes E2 of the transducers.
- connection elements 311 of the structure of Figures 4A and 4B correspond to portions of the layer 43 coating the sides of the openings 41 and coming into contact with the upper face of the electrodes E1 at the bottom of the openings 41.
- the substrate 110 and the dielectric layer 112 of the structure of FIGS. 4A and 4B correspond respectively to the substrate 30 and to the dielectric layer 32.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are sectional views illustrating steps of an example of a method of manufacturing a device of the type illustrated by FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- FIG. 7A illustrates the structure obtained at the end of the following successive additional steps, starting from the structure of FIG. 6F: formation of conductive vias 51 isolated laterally, vertically crossing the semiconductor layer 20 over its entire thickness and emerging on the upper face of the dielectric layer 22;
- FIG. 7B illustrates the structure obtained at the end of the following successive additional steps, starting from the structure of FIG. 6G:
- FIG. 7C illustrates the structure obtained at the end of the process.
- the bonding of the structure of FIG. 7A on the structure of FIG. 7B is a direct metal-to-metal bond between the face of the metal layer 53 opposite to the semiconductor layer 20 (namely its face bottom in the orientation of Figure 7C) and the face of the metal layer 61 opposite the substrate 30 (namely its upper face in the orientation of Figure 7C).
- the stack of the portions of the metal layers 61 and 53 facing the lower electrodes E1 corresponds to the portions of metal layers 501 of the structure of FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the insulated conductive vias 51 correspond for their part to the connection elements 311 of the structure of FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the embodiments described are not limited to the examples shown in the figures in which the rows and columns of transducers of the device are rectilinear, and in which the rows are orthogonal to the columns.
- the rows and / or columns of transducers of the device are non-rectilinear.
- the rows, respectively the columns of transducers may not be parallel to each other.
- the rows of transducers may not be orthogonal to the columns.
- the embodiments described can be adapted to any type of ultrasonic transducer having a lower electrode and an upper electrode, and adapted to be controlled according to a row-column addressing, for example piezoelectric transducers, for example PMUT type transducers (standing for “Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers”).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2005636A FR3110834B1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Row-column addressing ultrasound imaging device |
PCT/EP2021/063218 WO2021239525A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-05-19 | Ultrasonic imaging device with line and column addressing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4157553A1 true EP4157553A1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
EP4157553B1 EP4157553B1 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
Family
ID=73138881
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21725780.7A Active EP4157553B1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-05-19 | Ultrasonic imaging device with line and column addressing |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230201875A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4157553B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2023527436A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20230017256A (en) |
CN (1) | CN115666799A (en) |
CA (1) | CA3181376A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK4157553T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3110834B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021239525A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7122398B1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2006-10-17 | Nanosolar, Inc. | Manufacturing of optoelectronic devices |
JP5578810B2 (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2014-08-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | Capacitance type electromechanical transducer |
WO2017076843A1 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Ultrasound transducer array, probe and system |
-
2020
- 2020-05-28 FR FR2005636A patent/FR3110834B1/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-05-19 KR KR1020227045304A patent/KR20230017256A/en unknown
- 2021-05-19 CN CN202180039130.4A patent/CN115666799A/en active Pending
- 2021-05-19 DK DK21725780.7T patent/DK4157553T3/en active
- 2021-05-19 US US17/927,323 patent/US20230201875A1/en active Pending
- 2021-05-19 JP JP2022573396A patent/JP2023527436A/en active Pending
- 2021-05-19 WO PCT/EP2021/063218 patent/WO2021239525A1/en unknown
- 2021-05-19 EP EP21725780.7A patent/EP4157553B1/en active Active
- 2021-05-19 CA CA3181376A patent/CA3181376A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4157553B1 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
DK4157553T3 (en) | 2024-10-14 |
KR20230017256A (en) | 2023-02-03 |
CA3181376A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
CN115666799A (en) | 2023-01-31 |
FR3110834A1 (en) | 2021-12-03 |
US20230201875A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
WO2021239525A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
FR3110834B1 (en) | 2022-04-22 |
JP2023527436A (en) | 2023-06-28 |
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