EP4151922B1 - Warmwasseranlage und verfahren zum erwärmen von wasser - Google Patents

Warmwasseranlage und verfahren zum erwärmen von wasser

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Publication number
EP4151922B1
EP4151922B1 EP21197397.9A EP21197397A EP4151922B1 EP 4151922 B1 EP4151922 B1 EP 4151922B1 EP 21197397 A EP21197397 A EP 21197397A EP 4151922 B1 EP4151922 B1 EP 4151922B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
electrolysis system
hot water
water installation
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21197397.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4151922C0 (de
EP4151922A1 (de
Inventor
Tienus LUKKES
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bnr Capital BV
Original Assignee
Bnr Capital BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bnr Capital BV filed Critical Bnr Capital BV
Priority to ES21197397T priority Critical patent/ES3061438T3/es
Priority to EP21197397.9A priority patent/EP4151922B1/de
Publication of EP4151922A1 publication Critical patent/EP4151922A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4151922C0 publication Critical patent/EP4151922C0/de
Publication of EP4151922B1 publication Critical patent/EP4151922B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C25B15/081—Supplying products to non-electrochemical reactors that are combined with the electrochemical cell, e.g. Sabatier reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C25B15/087—Recycling of electrolyte to electrochemical cell
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot water installation, a method for heating water with such a hot water installation, and to a gas dosing installation for admixing of a gas mixture in such a hot water installation.
  • Hot water installations such as a central heating boiler, boiler, steam boiler or geyser or process heat from a burner of a cooking device, are known in practice and are configured to heat water by combusting a combustible gas.
  • the combustible gas is usually natural gas, however, other hydrocarbon gases can also be applied.
  • WO 2017/196174 A1 shows a gas mixer for a hot water installation in which a mixture of oxygen, hydrogen and hydrocarbon is combusted, as well as a hot water installation provided with such a gas mixer. Admixing of hydrogen into the gas mixture results in a reduction of the CO 2 emission in that the combustion of hydrogen does not result in CO 2 .
  • the emission of CO 2 per unit of produced water for instance the amount of CO 2 per unit of hot water, for instance measured in grams of CO 2 /litre of produced hot water, actually decreases thereby.
  • WO2020/120699 concerns a system for enegry and environmental optimisation of a facility comprising at one combusiton apparatus with a burner.
  • the system comprises an electrolyser and an injection system connected to at least one fuel and/or oxidant inlet of the burner.
  • the injection system is capable of injecting, at such an inlet, gases from the electrolyser and/or a mixture of these gases and a combustible fluid and/or an oxidising fluid.
  • the electrolyser and/or the injection system are controlled on the basis of at least one piece of information originating from the combustion apparatus and/or sensors of the installation.
  • the electrolyser can comprise a heat exchanger for cooling the device and/or preheating the water.
  • CN112944663 discloses a household natural gas hydrogen-doped water heater device comprises a hydrogen and oxygen generating device, a gas supply system and a water heater body, the gas supply system comprises a natural gas pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline and a gas mixer, a natural gas electromagnetic control valve, a natural gas pressure sensor, a natural gas flowmeter and a check valve are arranged on the natural gas pipeline in sequence, the hydrogen pipeline is provided with a hydrogen electromagnetic control valve, a hydrogen pressure sensor, a hydrogen flow meter and a check valve in sequence, and the natural gas pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline are connected into the gas mixer through a three-way valve.
  • Hydrogen and oxygen are obtained through water electrolysis, the flow of the natural gas and the flow of the hydrogen are controlled through a control system, the natural gas and the hydrogen are mixed in proportion and introduced into a water heater to be combusted, and the goal of heating cold water is achieved; a better proportion and an optimal proportion of natural gas and hydrogen are determined, and the combustion efficiency is improved; besides, the gas mixer is arranged before gas combustion so that the combustion efficiency is further improved.
  • a drawback of said (or a similar) gas mixer and hot water installation is that an increase in nitrogen oxides (NO x ) may occur during the combustion due to the addition of hydrogen because the stability of the burner flame is reduced.
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • the emission of NO x has a (harmful) effect on nature and the environment, including nature reserves, which is deemed unacceptable under international agreements. A reduction of the NO x emission is therefore desirable.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to increase the stability of the burner flame and correspondingly therewith reducing the NO x emission of hot water installations.
  • a dehumidifier By applying a dehumidifier to dehumidify the produced gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen prior to it being mixed with a hydrocarbon, such as natural gas, a stable burner flame is achieved, while a greater proportion of oxygen and hydrogen can simultaneously be applied in the gas mixture in the burner.
  • a hot water installation with both a reduced CO 2 emission and a reduced NO x emission is hereby realized.
  • a further advantage of the hot water installation according to the invention is that the heat produced by the electrolysis cell can be transferred to the water to be heated. It is hereby achieved that the electrolysis cell can be kept at the correct operating temperature while the amount of gas mixture required for heating the water to be heated can simultaneously be reduced. This further increases the efficiency of the hot water installation, and also reduces CO 2 emission and NO x emission still further.
  • Yet another advantage of the hot water installation according to the invention is that application of the dehumidifier results in cooling of the produced gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen and in cooled discharge liquid being delivered.
  • application of the dehumidifier results in cooling of the produced gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen and in cooled discharge liquid being delivered.
  • use can be made of residual heat from the electrolysis system, whereby the electrolysis system can be cooled in an effective manner and can be kept at a desired or even optimal operating temperature.
  • This residual heat is preferably a maximum of 70°C.
  • the cooled discharge water from the dehumidifier can additionally or alternatively be utilized for (further) cooling of the electrolysis system.
  • the required hydrocarbon in the gas mixture is one or more of natural gas, biogas, methane, propane or butane, wherein the gas mixture preferably comprises natural gas.
  • the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.
  • the advantage of applying a plate heat exchanger is that a relatively large heat-exchanging surface is thereby realized with the smallest possible dimensions of the heat exchanger.
  • the gas mixer can be configured to reduce the proportion of hydrocarbon from about 100% by weight when the hot water installation is started to a proportion in the range of 3 to 20% by weight, preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 10 to 12% by weight.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that an efficient start of the installation is realized in this way, after which the proportion of hydrocarbon can (most preferably) be reduced to only 10 to 12% by weight in order to thus realize a reduction in the emission of CO 2 and NO x .
  • the gas mixer is preferably provided with a control device or adjusting device for controlling the gas mixer in order to deliver an optimal gas mixture to the burner. This further reduces the amount of NO x emitted.
  • the gas mixer can further be configured, preferably by means of a control device or adjusting device, to control the ratio between hydrogen and oxygen in the produced mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, wherein this ratio preferably lies in the range of 4:1, and more preferably lies in the range of 2:1.
  • the hot water installation can further comprise a flow meter connected operatively to the gas mixer for the purpose of measuring the quantity of gas produced by the electrolysis system.
  • An advantage of applying a flow meter for the produced gas is that an optimal gas mixture can be realized, preferably via a control and/or adjusting device, whereby a maximum reduction of the CO 2 and NO x emission can be realized.
  • Use can here optionally also be made of a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the produced hydrogen and/or oxygen gas in order to achieve an optimal mixture.
  • the temperature of the hydrogen and/or oxygen gas can also be reduced by extracting heat from the gas prior to mixing it with the hydrocarbon.
  • the hot water installation further comprises a second heat exchanger which is configured to heat the gas mixture produced with the electrolysis system and dehumidified with the dehumidifier.
  • an advantage of the hot water installation according to the invention is that application of the dehumidifier results in cooling of the produced gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen and in cooled discharge liquid being delivered.
  • use can be made of residual heat from the electrolysis system, whereby the electrolysis system can be cooled in an effective manner and can be kept at the ideal operating temperature.
  • a (second) heat exchanger To transfer the residual heat from the electrolysis system to the produced gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, use is made of a (second) heat exchanger.
  • the heat can hereby be transferred in efficient manner.
  • the second heat exchanger is preferably a plate heat exchanger, since these are efficient and simple in use.
  • the first and second heat exchanger can be provided in a combined circuit for the purpose of transferring heat from the electrolysis system to the liquid flow to be heated and the gas mixture dehumidified with the dehumidifier.
  • An advantage of a combined circuit for both heat exchangers is that an even more effective heat exchange circuit is realized. This is realized inter alia in that fewer components are necessary, such as for instance only one pump for circulation through both heat exchangers.
  • the hot water installation can further comprise a power controller connected operatively to the electrolysis system and configured to supply power to the electrolysis system.
  • An advantage of a power controller is that the required amount of power can be supplied to the electrolysis system hereby while, at the same time, continuous power need not be supplied. This achieves an efficient supply of power and reduces unnecessary losses.
  • the power controller can be provided with an optimizer configured to vary the supplied power in time.
  • An advantage of applying an optimizer in the power controller is that the power supplied can be adapted to the demand for hydrogen and/or oxygen gas, or that it is additionally or alternatively possible to opt to adapt the supplied power to the optimal production conditions of the electrolysis system. This can be done by taking into consideration a temperature measured in the electrolysis system, so that the heat can be discharged optimally and the system can be utilized in an optimal production state.
  • the hot water installation can further comprise a return for returning liquid from the dehumidifier to the electrolysis system.
  • An advantage of returning liquid extracted from the dehumidifier is that no water flow loss occurs, this lowering the costs of operating the hot water installation.
  • a further advantage is that the extracted liquid is (partially) prepared for use in the electrolysis system, for instance owing to the presence of (residues of) an electrolyte.
  • the extracted liquid has a relatively low temperature, whereby it has a cooling effect when fed into the electrolysis system. This has a positive effect on the efficiency of the electrolysis system.
  • the electrolysis system can be provided in use with an electrolyte for the purpose of improving the conduction.
  • An advantage of adding an electrolyte is that the efficiency of the production of hydrogen and/or oxygen can be increased.
  • the electrolyte can for instance comprise one or more salts and/or seawater.
  • the hot water installation can further comprise a dosing device for adding electrolyte.
  • a dosing device preferably provided with a sensor and/or a controller, enables the amount of electrolyte to be optimized for the amount of hydrogen and oxygen to be produced. This further increases the efficiency of the electrolysis system and thereby the hot water installation.
  • the electrolysis system can be provided with a number of electrodes, comprising one or more of: palladium, iridium and platinum.
  • Electrodes with palladium and/or iridium and/or platinum can realize a more effective production of the produced mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the invention further also relates to a method for heating a liquid flow according to claim 10.
  • the method according to the invention has similar effects and advantages as the hot water installation according to the invention.
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention is that dehumidifying the produced gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen prior to mixing it with a hydrocarbon, such as natural gas, achieves that a greater proportion of oxygen and hydrogen can be applied in the gas mixture while a stable burner flame is simultaneously realized.
  • a hot water installation with both a reduced CO 2 emission and a reduced NO x emission is hereby realized.
  • a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the heat produced by the electrolysis cell can be transferred to the water to be heated. It is hereby achieved that the electrolysis cell can be kept at the correct operating temperature while the amount of gas mixture required for heating the water to be heated can simultaneously be reduced.
  • the method can further comprise the step of reducing the proportion of hydrocarbon from about 100% by weight when the hot water installation is started to a proportion in the range of 3 to 20% by weight, preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 10 to 12% by weight during operation of the hot water installation.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that an efficient start of the installation is realized in this way, after which the proportion of hydrocarbon can (most preferably) be reduced to only 10 to 12% by weight in order to thus realize a reduction of the CO 2 and NO x emission.
  • This method step preferably also comprises of controlling the gas mixer in order to deliver an optimal gas mixture to the burner. This reduces the amount of NO x emitted (still) further.
  • the method can further comprise of controlling the temperature in the electrolysis system, wherein the operating temperature lies in the range of 60 to 95°C, preferably in the range of 70 to 85°C, and most preferably in the range of 77 to 82°C.
  • Controlling the temperature in the electrolysis system ensures that an optimal production of hydrogen and oxygen is achieved in order to further limit the emission of CO 2 and NO x .
  • Controlling the temperature can comprise, among other things, one or more of actively extracting heat from the electrolysis system by cooling the system, decreasing the power supplied to the electrolysis system and/or feeding liquid extracted from the humidifier back to the electrolysis system.
  • the method can further comprise of controlling the power supplied to the electrolysis system in time using a power controller.
  • the power controller can be configured to control one or more of voltage, amperage and/or frequency of the supplied power, in relation to the conduction.
  • the power can be adapted such that the operating temperature of the electrolysis system is kept in the desired range during use.
  • Adapting the amount of power supplied to the electrolysis system enables the electrolysis system to be kept in the desired temperature range, whereby an optimal production of hydrogen and oxygen is achieved.
  • the invention further relates to a gas dosing installation according to claim 14 for admixing of a gas mixture in a hot water installation.
  • the gas dosing installation according to the invention has similar effects and advantages as the above stated hot water installation according to the invention and the method for heating a liquid according to the invention.
  • the gas dosing installation according to the invention has the advantage that it can also be applied to convert an existing burner and/or hot water installation into a hot water installation according to the invention.
  • a reduction of the emission of CO 2 and NO x is thereby achieved in simple and cost-efficient manner. This is realized in that no new hot water installation need be installed, while the more inefficient existing hot water installation can be improved by converting it into a hot water installation according to the invention.
  • gas dosing installation according to the invention can also be applied in combination with the above stated other components and embodiments of the hot water installation and/or the method according to the invention.
  • hot water installation 2 ( figure 1 ) it is provided with return 6 for supplying a liquid flow (R) to be heated and hot water feed 4 for discharging the heated liquid flow (A).
  • the liquid flow (A, R) is water for heating a building, such as a home or a residential complex.
  • the liquid flow (A, R) can also be utilized in or for a heat process.
  • Hot water installation 2 is further provided with a burner 8 and, connected thereto, gas feed 10 for supplying a gas mixture to be combusted.
  • the hot water installation can optionally also be provided with a buffer vessel (not shown) which is connected to hot water installation 2, such as for instance feed 4 or return 6.
  • Hot water installation 2 is further provided with electrolysis system 12 which is configured to produce hydrogen and oxygen.
  • feed 14 of electrolysis system 12 is coupled to liquid reservoir 16 for supplying liquid to be electrolyzed, such as water.
  • liquid to be electrolyzed such as water.
  • electrolysis system 12 a liquid, in this case water, is converted into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by means of electricity.
  • the produced mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is carried via discharge 18 from electrolysis system 12 to dehumidifier 20.
  • Dehumidifier 20 is configured to extract water from the produced mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the extracted water is discharged via conduit 22 or, in this example, fed back to reservoir 16.
  • Dehumidifier 20 is further connected via conduit 24 to heat exchanger 26 for the purpose of supplying heat to the produced mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Conduit 28 is connected to heat exchanger 26 on one side and to gas mixer 30 on the other for the purpose of transporting the heated gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen from heat exchanger 26 to gas mixer 30.
  • Gas mixer 30 is further connected to hydrocarbon conduit 32 for the purpose of supplying hydrocarbon gas and, on a downstream side, to gas feed 10 for supplying the gas mixture to burner 8.
  • Gas mixer 30 is configured to mix the produced mixture of hydrogen and oxygen with hydrocarbon gas from hydrocarbon conduit 32 and to guide it via gas feed 10 to burner 8 for combustion.
  • Electrolysis system 12 is further provided with voltage source 34 for supplying electricity for the electrolysis. Electrolysis system 12 is further provided with heat discharge circuit 35 which is formed by conduits 36, 38, 40 and by heat exchangers 26, 42 and pump 48. Residual heat is transported via conduit 36 to one or both heat exchangers 26, 42. Heat exchanger 26 is configured to transfer heat to the gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen which is supplied through conduit 24. Heat exchanger 26 is further connected on the downstream side to conduit 38 which debouches in conduit 40. Conduit 36 is further connected to an inlet side of heat exchanger 42. Heat exchanger 42 is configured to transfer heat to liquid (R) from conduit 6. An outlet side of heat exchanger 42 is connected to conduit 40 for the purpose of transporting the cooled liquid to electrolysis system 12. Conduit 40 is provided with pump 48 for transporting the liquid from and to electrolysis system 12 through conduits 36, 38, 40 of heat discharge circuit 35.
  • hot water installation 2 is further likewise provided with controller 50 which is configured to control one or more parameters of hot water installation 2.
  • Controller 50 can take the form of a control and/or adjusting system. Controller 50 can for instance be configured to control the power to be supplied to the electrolysis system (power control) by means of frequency, voltage or resistance control. Controller 50 can also be configured to control dosing system 52 for the purpose of dosing electrolyte to reservoir 16 of system 12.
  • hot water installation 2 is further provided with various temperature (T) and flow (F) sensors 54, 56 which are connected operatively to controller 50 for the purpose of supplying respectively temperature and flow data.
  • the sensors F, T can be used by controller 50 for controlling and/or adjusting one or more of the hydrocarbon gas supply via conduit 32, the hydrogen and oxygen production by electrolysis system 12 and/or the power supply to electrolysis system 12 for controlling hot water installation 2.
  • Other control options for optimizing the hot water installation in terms of reducing CO 2 and NO x and (further) increasing the operational safety on the basis of sensors F, T by controller 50 are however also possible.
  • the method 1000 comprises the step of providing 1002 hot water installation 2 according to the invention.
  • the providing 1002 can also comprise the steps of providing an existing hot water installation and converting 1018 it into hot water installation 2 by replacing 1020 the existing burner with gas mixer 8 and arranging 1022 electrolysis system 12, a dehumidifier 20 and heat exchanger 42. It is optionally possible to opt to arrange 1024 heat exchanger 26 for the purpose of transferring residual heat to the produced mixture of oxygen and hydrogen.
  • method 1000 further comprises of starting up 1004 the hot water installation using the combustion of a supply of a hydrocarbon gas, and of activating 1006 the electrolysis system and of producing the gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen.
  • the method 1000 in this example further comprises of mixing 1008 the supply of a hydrocarbon gas with a gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen and optimizing 1010 the combustion with the burner.
  • this example method 1000 also comprises of heating 1012 the liquid flow to be heated and, using a dehumidifier, dehumidifying 1014 the gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen produced with the electrolysis system and preheating 1016 the liquid flow to be heated with the heat produced by the electrolysis system using a heat exchanger.
  • Electrolysis system 12 is started up after or at the same time as burner 8 is started up.
  • Liquid in this example in the form of water, is for this purpose supplied from reservoir 16, via conduit 14 to electrolysis system 12 so as to be electrolyzed.
  • the water is provided with electrolyte from dosing system 52 which is controlled by controller 50.
  • the produced mixture of oxygen and hydrogen is carried via conduit 18 to dehumidifier 20, where it is dehumidified.
  • the temperature of the mixture amounts to between 70°C and 80°C when it enters dehumidifier 20.
  • the extracted water is fed back to reservoir 16 in liquid form via conduit 22. This water can also be discharged or fed back to electrolysis system 12.
  • the temperature of the dehumidified mixture of oxygen and hydrogen from dehumidifier 20 has decreased due to the dehumidification. In this example it is possible for this temperature to have decreased to around 10°C.
  • the cooled mixture of oxygen and hydrogen is carried through conduit 24 to heat exchanger 26, where it absorbs heat from residual heat circuit 35.
  • the heated mixture of oxygen and hydrogen in this example having a temperature of around 20°C, is sent via conduit 28 to gas mixer 30, where it is mixed with hydrocarbon gas from conduit 32.
  • the ratio between the mixture of oxygen and hydrogen and the hydrocarbon gas is controlled by controller 50 controlling gas mixer 30.
  • the resulting gas mixture is carried via gas feed 10 to burner 8 for combustion and heat production.
  • electrolysis system 12 also produces (residual) heat which, in part for a good operation of electrolysis system 12, must be discharged.
  • hot water installation 2 has residual heat circuit 35. Residual heat is discharged via conduit 36 from electrolysis system 12 to heat exchangers 26 and 24. From heat exchangers 26, 42 the cooled liquid is fed via respective conduits 38 and 40 back to electrolysis system 12 by pump 48 for reabsorption of residual heat. The residual heat is transferred in heat exchanger 26 to the mixture of oxygen and hydrogen which is being transported via conduit 24 and 28. On the other hand residual heat is transferred via heat exchanger 42 to return conduit 6 which supplies the liquid to be heated. For this purpose heat exchanger 42 is connected via intermediate feed conduit 44 and intermediate discharge conduit 46 to return conduit 6. In this way the liquid supplied in return conduit 6 is therefore preheated, whereby a smaller amount of heat is required to bring the liquid to be heated to the desired starting temperature in feed conduit 4.
  • flow and/or temperature sensors are arranged at various locations for the purpose of measuring the flux and/or temperature as input for controller 50. These sensors can all be arranged, or be arranged only partially, or not at all, since they are not fundamentally essential to the operation of hot water installation 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Heißwasseranlage (2) zur Bereitstellung eines erwärmten Flüssigkeitsstroms, die Anlage (2) umfassend:
    - eine Zufuhr (6) für einen zu erwärmenden Flüssigkeitsstrom (R);
    - einem Brenner (8), der konfiguriert ist, um ein Gas oder eine Gasmischung zu verbrennen, um den Flüssigkeitsstrom zu erhitzen;
    - einen Abfluss (4) zum Ablassen des erwärmten Flüssigkeitsstroms (A);
    - eine Gaszufuhr (10), die funktionell mit dem Brenner (8) verbunden ist;
    - einen Gasmischer (30), der konfiguriert ist, um eine Zufuhr von Kohlenwasserstoffgas mit einer Gasmischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff zu mischen;
    - ein Elektrolysesystem (12), das funktionell mit dem Gasmischer (30) verbunden und konfiguriert ist, um die Gasmischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff zu erzeugen,
    - einen Wärmetauscher (42), der funktionell mit dem Elektrolysesystem (12) und der Zufuhr des zu erhitzenden Flüssigkeitsstroms verbunden und konfiguriert ist, um den zu erhitzenden Flüssigkeitsstrom vorzuwärmen;
    gekennzeichnet durch ferner umfassend:
    - einen Entfeuchter (20), der konfiguriert ist, um die mit dem Elektrolysesystem (12) erzeugte Gasmischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff zu entfeuchten; und
    - einen zweiten Wärmetauscher (26), der konfiguriert ist, um die mit dem Elektrolysesystem (12) erzeugte und mit dem Entfeuchter (20) entfeuchtete Gasmischung zu erhitzen.
  2. Heißwasseranlage (2) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Gasmischer (30) konfiguriert ist, um den Anteil an Kohlenwasserstoff von etwa 100 Gew.-% beim Start der Heißwasseranlage (2) auf einen Anteil im Bereich von 3 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 5 bis 15 Gew.-% und am meisten bevorzugt im Bereich von 10 bis 12 Gew.-% zu reduzieren.
  3. Heißwasseranlage (2) nach Anspruch 2, ferner umfassend einen Durchflussmesser, der funktionell mit dem Gasmischer (30) verbunden ist, um die Menge des vom Elektrolysesystem (12) erzeugten Gases zu messen.
  4. Heißwasseranlage (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der erste und zweite Wärmetauscher (46, 26) in einer kombinierten Schaltung zur Übertragung von Wärme aus dem Elektrolysesystem (12) auf den zu erwärmenden Flüssigkeitsstrom (R) und die mit dem Luftentfeuchter (20) entfeuchtete Gasmischung vorgesehen sind.
  5. Heißwasseranlage (2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend eine Leistungssteuerung (50), die funktionell mit dem Elektrolysesystem (20) verbunden und konfiguriert ist, um das Elektrolysesystem (12) mit Strom zu versorgen.
  6. Heißwasseranlage nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Leistungssteuerung (50) mit einem Optimierer ausgestattet ist, der konfiguriert ist, die bereitgestellte Leistung zeitlich zu variieren.
  7. Heißwasseranlage (2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend einen Rücklauf zur Rückführung von Flüssigkeit aus dem Entfeuchter in das Elektrolysesystem (12).
  8. Heißwasseranlage (2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Elektrolysesystem (12) im Betrieb mit einem Elektrolyten zur Verbesserung der Leitfähigkeit bereitgestellt ist, vorzugsweise ferner umfassend eine Dosiervorrichtung zur Zugabe von Elektrolyten.
  9. Heißwasseranlage (2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Elektrolysesystem (12) mit einer Anzahl von Elektroden bereitgestellt wird, umfassend eines oder mehreres von Folgendem: Palladium, Iridium und Platin.
  10. Verfahren (1000) zum Erhitzen eines Flüssigkeitsstroms, das Verfahren (1000) gekennzeichnet durch umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Bereitstellen (1002) einer Heißwasseranlage nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche;
    - Inbetriebnehmen (1004) der Heißwasseranlage durch die Verbrennung einer Kohlenwasserstoffgaszufuhr;
    - Aktivieren (1006) des Elektrolysesystems und Erzeugen der Gasmischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff;
    - Mischen (1008) der Zufuhr eines Kohlenwasserstoffgases mit einer Mischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff;
    - Optimieren (1010) der Verbrennung mit dem Brenner; und
    - Erhitzen (1012) des zu erhitzenden Flüssigkeitsstroms,
    ferner umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Entfeuchten (1014) der mit dem Elektrolysesystem erzeugten Gasmischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff unter Verwendung eines Luftentfeuchters; und
    - Vorwärmen (1016) des zu erwärmenden Flüssigkeitsstroms mit der vom Elektrolysesystem erzeugten Wärme unter Verwendung eines Wärmetauschers; und
    - Vorwärmen der mit dem Elektrolysesystem erzeugten und mit dem Entfeuchter entfeuchteten Gasmischung mit der vom Elektrolysesystem erzeugten Wärme über einen zweiten Wärmetauscher.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, ferner umfassend den Schritt des Reduzierens des Kohlenwasserstoffanteils von etwa 100 Gew.-% bei Inbetriebnahme der Heißwasseranlage auf einen Anteil im Bereich von 3 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 5 bis 15 Gew.-%, und am meisten bevorzugt im Bereich von 10 bis 12 Gew.-% während des Betriebs der Heißwasseranlage.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, ferner umfassend das Steuern der Temperatur im Elektrolysesystem, wobei die Betriebstemperatur im Bereich von 60 bis 95 °C, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 70 bis 85 °C und besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 77 bis 82 °C liegt.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, 11 oder 12, ferner umfassend die zeitliche Steuerung der dem Elektrolysesystem zugeführten Energieversorgung unter Verwendung einer Leistungssteuerung, wobei die Leistung vorzugsweise angepasst wird, sodass die Betriebstemperatur des Elektrolysesystems während der Verwendung in dem gewünschten Bereich gehalten wird.
  14. Gasdosieranlage zur Zumischung einer Gasmischung in einer Heißwasseranlage, die Gasdosieranlage umfassend:
    - eine Zufuhrkupplung zum Ankoppeln an eine Zufuhr zum Zweck der Zufuhr eines zu erhitzenden Flüssigkeitsstroms;
    - eine Ablasskupplung zum Koppeln mit einem Ablass zum Ablassen des erwärmten Flüssigkeitsstroms;
    - einen Gasmischer, der konfiguriert ist, um eine Gaszuführung eines Kohlenwasserstoffgases mit einer Mischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff zu mischen, und der mit einer Gaskupplung zum Anschluss an eine Gaszuführung bereitgestellt wird;
    - ein Elektrolysesystem, das funktionell mit dem Gasmischer verbunden und konfiguriert ist, um die Gasmischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff zu erzeugen,
    - einen Entfeuchter, der konfiguriert ist, um die mit dem Elektrolysesystem erzeugte Gasmischung aus Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff zu entfeuchten;
    gekennzeichnet durch ferner umfassend:
    - einen Wärmetauscher, der funktionell mit dem Elektrolysesystem und der Zufuhr des zu erhitzenden Flüssigkeitsstroms verbunden und konfiguriert ist, um den zu erhitzenden Flüssigkeitsstrom vorzuwärmen; und
    - einen zweiten Wärmetauscher, der konfiguriert ist, um die mit dem Elektrolysesystem erzeugte und mit dem Entfeuchter entfeuchtete Gasmischung zu erhitzen.
EP21197397.9A 2021-09-17 2021-09-17 Warmwasseranlage und verfahren zum erwärmen von wasser Active EP4151922B1 (de)

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KR101125580B1 (ko) * 2003-06-02 2012-03-23 하루요시 타나카 수소연소형 온풍난방기, 수소연소형 온풍발생 방법 및 그방법에 사용하는 버너
NL2016761B1 (nl) 2016-05-12 2017-11-27 Tieluk B V Gasmenger, warmwaterinstallatie en werkwijze voor het produceren van een gasmengsel
FR3090079B1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-12-04 Bulane Optimisation énergétique et environnementale d’une installation comprenant au moins un appareil à combustion à brûleur
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