EP4150592A1 - Verfahren zum klassifizieren einer banknote, klassifizierungsvorrichtung, verfahren zum erzeugen eines klassifikators und verwendung zur klassifizierung einer banknote - Google Patents
Verfahren zum klassifizieren einer banknote, klassifizierungsvorrichtung, verfahren zum erzeugen eines klassifikators und verwendung zur klassifizierung einer banknoteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4150592A1 EP4150592A1 EP21727364.8A EP21727364A EP4150592A1 EP 4150592 A1 EP4150592 A1 EP 4150592A1 EP 21727364 A EP21727364 A EP 21727364A EP 4150592 A1 EP4150592 A1 EP 4150592A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- time
- point
- feature
- decay
- intensity values
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
- G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6408—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
- G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
- G07D7/205—Matching spectral properties
Definitions
- Method for classifying a bank note classification device, method for generating a classifier and use for classifying a bank note
- the invention relates to a method for classifying a bank note with at least one luminescent feature.
- the invention also relates to a classification device for carrying out a corresponding method, as well as a method for generating a classifier for classifying a bank note and a use for classifying a bank note.
- luminescent markers or luminescent markers which are designed or applied luminescent substances, are usually used, which can be detected by machine with sensors and whose presence can be used for a proof of authenticity.
- luminescent substances with the same properties aside from the decay time can be used as different and distinguishable security features.
- several sorting classes can be defined.
- the number of available security features increases. The following applies: The more precisely the decay behavior can be determined, the more different security features can be defined.
- the banknote In order to determine the decay behavior, the banknote is usually illuminated with a lighting flash and the luminescent feature is excited in this way. The intensity of the resulting luminescence is then recorded at a finite number of different points in time. In this way, the data set is a decay curve that is discretely sampled over time and consists of several intensity values.
- banknotes are moved quickly past a stationary sensor during the check, for example at speeds of up to 12 m / s.
- the signal / noise ratio of the measured decay curve is worse than in a laboratory measurement with a comparatively long measurement duration.
- the object of the invention is to create a solution as to how a bank note with at least one luminescent feature can be classified more quickly and more reliably.
- a bank note is classified with at least one luminescence feature, in particular checked for authenticity.
- the following steps are carried out: a) Exciting the luminescent feature; b) detecting at least one first intensity value of the excited luminescence feature at a first point in time and a second intensity value at a second point in time which is different from the first point in time; c) determining a decay time of the luminescence feature by, in particular numerically, approximately integrating over the intensity values between the first point in time and the second point in time; d) comparing the determined decay time with a reference decay time of the luminescence feature; and e) classifying the bank note on the basis of the comparison.
- the method according to the invention enables a bank note to be classified faster and more reliably, in particular to be checked for authenticity. It was recognized that the use of an approximate integration, in particular a numerical integration, leads to the fact that the decay time of the luminescent feature can be determined quickly and nevertheless precisely despite the noise.
- the numerical integration which is sometimes also referred to as numerical quadrature, is an approximate determination of integrals. For example, the determination can be made by a quadrature method.
- the luminescence feature is formed, for example, from at least one rare earth that is introduced into an inorganic host lattice as a dopant, for example.
- Luminescent features in the form of organic or organometallic substances for example organometallic rare earth complexes, are also suitable for the present invention.
- the bank note has several different luminescent features.
- the luminescent feature is excited in particular by exposure, preferably by so-called flashes of light.
- the first intensity value and / or the second intensity value is designed as a luminescence intensity value.
- the detected intensity values or luminescence intensity values are a measure of the intensity of the luminescence of the excited luminescence feature, for example at a given wavelength or spectrally integrated over a given wavelength range. Instead of the luminescence intensity value, the intensity value is written in abbreviated form.
- the first intensity value and / or the second intensity value is detected in particular with a photodetector and converted into a voltage signal.
- This voltage signal is digitized, for example, in an analog-digital converter and provided as a digital input signal to an evaluation unit, for example a microprocessor.
- the steps c) of determining a decay time, d) of comparing with a reference decay time and e) of classifying are carried out in particular by the evaluation unit using the digitized intensity values.
- the decay time is a key figure which describes the decay behavior of the luminescent feature.
- the decay time is preferably a time value, for example 100 ms. Such a time value enables the direct comparison of measurement results from different sensors.
- the time value has an advantage over a dimensionless quotient, for example, since with the dimensionless quotient no direct comparison of measurement results from different sensors is possible.
- the reference decay time is preferably assigned to the luminescence feature and can be provided, for example, from a collection of several reference decay times.
- the comparison determines the similarity of the decay time to the reference decay time. If the decay time coincides with the reference decay time, for example within, for example predetermined, tolerance limits, the bank note is assigned, for example, to a “genuine” class or to a “false” class.
- an inauthenticity, i.e. forgery, of the banknote can be recognized.
- the bank note is assigned to a class "fake", for example.
- the tolerance range is preferably formed as a predetermined range of values.
- the tolerance range can, however, also be exactly one value, so that the decay time must exactly match the reference decay time in order to meet the condition.
- the reference decay time can also be used in the sense of a threshold value, and the bank note can be assigned to a first class, for example "false”, if the decay time falls below the reference decay time, and a second class, for example "genuine”, if the Cooldown exceeds the reference cooldown.
- At least five, in particular at least 10, intensity values are preferably recorded, and the decay time is determined on the basis of the at least five intensity values.
- the decay time can be determined more precisely and reliably by means of the at least five intensity values.
- the approximate integration is preferably carried out with the trapezoidal rule, in particular with the chordal trapezoidal formula. With the trapezoid rule, the decay time can be determined reliably and quickly.
- the noise can be reduced, for example, by a smoothing filter. This is advantageous because it allows the decay time to be determined more precisely.
- the noise of the detected intensity values is reduced by a sliding mean value over several of the intensity values, in particular at least three intensity values.
- the noise can be reduced particularly efficiently using the moving average.
- the mean value is determined over at least five intensity values, in particular over at least six intensity values.
- a third intensity value of the excited luminescence feature is recorded at a third point in time, which lies between the first point in time and the second point in time.
- several further intensity values are recorded between the first point in time and the second point in time.
- the decay time can be determined more precisely and reliably by means of the third intensity value.
- the intensity values are recorded in such a way that a time interval between the first point in time and the third point in time and a further time interval between the second point in time and the third point in time are the same, that is, are formed equidistantly. If intensity values are recorded at at least three times, it is preferred that the times are equidistant. Due to the same time intervals, the decay time can be determined more easily and thus faster. The trapezoidal rule can be implemented particularly effectively due to the same time intervals.
- the decay time is determined using the trapezoidal rule, in particular using the chordal trapezoidal formula or the tangent trapezoidal formula or center point rule, in which the tangent is applied to the function in the middle of the interval.
- the trapezoidal rule allows the decay time to be determined more quickly, since the trapezoidal rule provides an approximation that is accurate and reliable for the application.
- the area under the curve in the given interval is replaced by a trapezoid or several trapezoids with the same width.
- the first intensity value is only recorded after a predetermined waiting time after the excitation of the luminescent feature. Due to the waiting time, the attack phase of the luminescence feature and the excitation light can be masked out from the decay curve. Furthermore, through a suitable choice of the waiting time, a section of the decay curve can be selected which is very similar to the model function on which the classifier is based. This allows the decay time to be determined more precisely and more quickly.
- the decay time is determined as a function of a normalization value which is formed by subtracting the first intensity value from the second intensity value.
- a divisor is preferably formed by subtracting the first intensity value from the second intensity value, which divisor is applied to the area. The decay finally follows from the division.
- the invention also relates to a classification device, in particular an authenticity checking device, for a bank note with at least one luminescent feature.
- the classification device is set up to carry out the following steps: a) Exciting the luminescent feature; b) detecting at least one first intensity value of the excited luminescence feature at a first point in time and a second intensity value at a second point in time which is different from the first point in time; c) determining a decay time of the luminescence feature by integrating approximately over the intensity values between the first point in time and the second point in time; d) comparing the determined decay time with a reference decay time of the luminescence feature; and e) Classifying the bank note on the basis of the comparison, in particular recognizing the authenticity of the bank note if the determined decay time coincides with the reference decay time within a tolerance range.
- the classification V orcardi part of a larger unit for example egg ner banknote processing device, which is formed for example to count banknotes / or sort and.
- the invention also relates to a method for generating a classifier for classifying a bank note with at least one luminescent feature, in which the following steps are carried out: a) excitation of the luminescent feature; b) detecting at least one first intensity value of the excited luminescence feature at a first point in time and a second intensity value at a second point in time which is different from the first point in time; c) determining a model decay curve of the luminescence feature based on the intensity values; d) determining an antiderivative of the model decay curve; e) determining an approximation of the antiderivative; and f) providing the approximation as the classifier for classifying the banknote.
- the method according to the invention can be used to generate a classifier for classifying banknotes, with which banknotes can be classified faster and more reliably, in particular checked for authenticity. It was recognized that the use of a model decay curve and its antiderivative when generating the classifier leads to the fact that the decay time of the luminescent feature can be determined quickly and nevertheless accurately despite the noise.
- the model decay curve is selected, for example, from a collection with several model decay curves.
- the selection can be made, for example, on the basis of a previously made assignment of the respective luminescence feature to the respective model decay curve.
- the model decay curve is designed in particular as an exponentially falling curve.
- the antiderivative makes it possible in particular to determine the area under the model decay curve within the specified limits, in particular between the first point in time and the second point in time.
- the derivation function of the antiderivative corresponds in particular to the model decay curve.
- the decay time can be determined more quickly than if the decay time is determined by calculating several piece-wise integrals.
- the invention also relates to a use of an, in particular numerical, approximation, integration for classifying a bank note with at least one luminescent feature.
- the trapezoidal rule in particular the trapezoidal tendon formula, is preferably used as the approximate integration.
- the Simpson rule or the Newton 3/8 rule can also be used.
- the objective components of the classification device according to the invention are designed to carry out the respective steps of the method.
- the advantages of the method and the classification device also apply to the use according to the invention.
- Show: 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a classification device according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a model decay curve of a luminescence feature.
- the classification device 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a classification device 1.
- the classification device 1 is designed to classify bank notes and, according to the exemplary embodiment, is part of a bank note processing device 100.
- the classification device 1 has an evaluation unit 2, for example a microprocessor, and a detection unit 3, for example a photodetector.
- an excitation unit 7 in particular a lighting unit or light flash unit, and a transport unit 8 with a running direction 8a.
- the transport unit 8 is designed to transport the bank note 4 from the excitation unit 7 to the detection unit 3.
- the excitation unit 7 is designed to excite or charge the luminescence feature 5 and / or the further luminescence features 6, in particular with light.
- the luminescent feature 5 and / or the further luminescent features 6 gradually emit the charged energy in the form of luminescent light.
- the luminescence features 5, 6 therefore continue to glow, that is to say the luminescence features 5, 6 still glow when they are no longer illuminated.
- the luminescent light emitted again by the luminescence feature 5 and / or the further luminescence features 6 after the excitation is detected by the detection unit 3.
- the detection unit 3 detects intensity values, in particular at least a first intensity value and a second intensity value of the luminescence feature 5 and / or the others Luminescence features 6 emitted luminescence light.
- the detection unit 3 preferably detects the intensity values at different times. As a result, support values or support points for the decay behavior of the luminescence feature 5 and / or the further luminescence features 6, in particular a decay curve, are recorded.
- the intensity values acquired by acquisition unit 3 are evaluated in evaluation unit 2.
- Lig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a schematic model decay curve 9.
- the ordinate 11 shows on a relative scale which luminescence intensity is recorded by the luminescence feature 5.
- "1.0” means that the maximum luminescence intensity of the luminescence feature 5 is detected.
- "0” means that no luminescence of the luminescence feature 5 is detected, i.e. the luminescence feature 5 is completely discharged.
- the time is plotted in the unit At.
- the ratio of t / At is plotted on the abscissa 10, i.e. the time since the first point in time or the first measurement point in time in multiples of the sampling time interval At.
- At least a first intensity value 12 of the luminescence feature 5, which is recorded at a first point in time 13, and a second intensity value 14 of the luminescence feature 5, which is recorded at a second point in time 15, are also entered in the ligur.
- the third point in time 17 is arranged in particular between the first point in time 13 and the second point in time 15.
- the times 13, 17, 15 are preferably equidistant (not shown).
- the intensity values 12, 14, 16 correspond in particular to the luminescence intensity emitted by the luminescence feature 5, which is detected or measured by the detection unit 3 at the respective point in time 13, 15, 17.
- a model decay curve 9 is determined on the basis of the measured intensity values 12, 14, 16.
- y m describes the real measurement data, y the model decay curve.
- the measurement data y m can deviate from the model decay curve y due to noise, but also systematically.
- the model decay curve and the time range of the measurement are preferably selected in such a way that this deviation is small, and the method then enables the decay time to be determined particularly precisely.
- the method can also be used advantageously and enables a more reliable classification of the banknote even with a significant deviation of the measurement data from the model decay curve, for example with non-mono-exponential behavior of the measured luminescence feature.
- the antiderivative / y (t) dt is now determined numerically approximately from the intensity values y m (t), for example, and this approximation of the antiderivative is used to calculate the decay time, in the example according to formula (I).
- the trapezoidal rule results, for example, as an approximation and thus the following formula for determining the decay time (t) from the intensity values:
- This formula (II) can be provided and used as a classifier for the classification of bank notes, in particular in a method for the classification of bank notes.
- other model functions or approximations can be used for the integral in order to obtain other classifiers.
- the method for classifying banknotes can be made even more insensitive to noise with a sufficient number of measurement times by smoothing the intensity values 12, 14, 16 before determining the integral or before the classification, and then applying the above formula (II) to the uses the smoothed decay curve or the smoothed intensity values.
- the smoothing can be taken into account in the method for generating a classifier, and the classifier can be generated such that it includes a smoothing of the intensity values.
- the decay time (t) can be determined more quickly and more accurately by means of the method for classifying bank notes using a classifier which includes an approximate integration of the intensity values. As a result, the bank note 4 can be classified more accurately and reliably. The security against forgery of the bank note 4 is increased.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020002902.7A DE102020002902A1 (de) | 2020-05-14 | 2020-05-14 | Verfahren zum Klassifizieren einer Banknote, Klassifizierungsvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Klassifikators und Verwendung zur Klassifizierung einer Banknote |
| PCT/EP2021/025176 WO2021228433A1 (de) | 2020-05-14 | 2021-05-10 | Verfahren zum klassifizieren einer banknote, klassifizierungsvorrichtung, verfahren zum erzeugen eines klassifikators und verwendung zur klassifizierung einer banknote |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4150592A1 true EP4150592A1 (de) | 2023-03-22 |
Family
ID=76076291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21727364.8A Pending EP4150592A1 (de) | 2020-05-14 | 2021-05-10 | Verfahren zum klassifizieren einer banknote, klassifizierungsvorrichtung, verfahren zum erzeugen eines klassifikators und verwendung zur klassifizierung einer banknote |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12322237B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4150592A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020002902A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021228433A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU526871B2 (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1983-02-03 | Howard Machinery Limited | Transfer of fragile object between conveyors |
| ATE70372T1 (de) * | 1987-03-09 | 1991-12-15 | Siemens Ag | Digitales integriermodul fuer abtastregeleinrichtungen. |
| DE10238568A1 (de) | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-04 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Vorichtung und Verfahren zur Untersuchung der Lumineszenzeigenschaften von Dokumenten |
| DE102011055272B4 (de) | 2011-11-11 | 2021-08-12 | Presens Precision Sensing Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines relaxationszeitabhängigen Parameters zu einem System |
| US9250183B2 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2016-02-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Luminescent materials, articles incorporating luminescent materials, and methods for performing article authentication |
| EP3605067B1 (de) * | 2017-03-27 | 2024-10-02 | Glory Ltd. | Optischer sensor, lichtdetektor, papierbogenverarbeitungsvorrichtung, lichtdetektionsverfahren und phosphoreszenzdetektor |
-
2020
- 2020-05-14 DE DE102020002902.7A patent/DE102020002902A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-05-10 EP EP21727364.8A patent/EP4150592A1/de active Pending
- 2021-05-10 US US17/925,276 patent/US12322237B2/en active Active
- 2021-05-10 WO PCT/EP2021/025176 patent/WO2021228433A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12322237B2 (en) | 2025-06-03 |
| WO2021228433A1 (de) | 2021-11-18 |
| DE102020002902A1 (de) | 2021-11-18 |
| US20230162553A1 (en) | 2023-05-25 |
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