EP4146652A1 - Tricyclische heterocyclen als teebinder - Google Patents

Tricyclische heterocyclen als teebinder

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Publication number
EP4146652A1
EP4146652A1 EP21723966.4A EP21723966A EP4146652A1 EP 4146652 A1 EP4146652 A1 EP 4146652A1 EP 21723966 A EP21723966 A EP 21723966A EP 4146652 A1 EP4146652 A1 EP 4146652A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substituted
unsubstituted
alkyl
ring
ylmethyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21723966.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Timo Heinrich
Sarah SCHLESIGER
Jakub GUNERA
Emma Carswell
Lisa KOETZNER
Andreas Blum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Cancer Research Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Cancer Research Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH, Cancer Research Technology Ltd filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2021/061775 external-priority patent/WO2021224291A1/en
Publication of EP4146652A1 publication Critical patent/EP4146652A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/407—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with other heterocyclic ring systems, e.g. ketorolac, physostigmine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4162—1,2-Diazoles condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D513/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D513/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
    • C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
    • C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
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    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/26—Acyclic or carbocyclic radicals, substituted by hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tricyclic heterocycles. These heterocyclic compounds are useful as TEAD binders and/or inhibitors of YAP-TEAD protein-protein interaction or binding and for the prevention and/or treatment of several medical conditions including hyperproliferative disorders and diseases, in particular cancer. Background of the invention
  • the Hippo pathway has become a target of interest for the treatment of hyperproliferative disorders and diseases, in particular cancer (S. A. Smith et al., J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, 1291-1305; K. C. Lin et al., Annu. Rev. Cancer Biol. 2018, 2: 59-79; C.-L. Kim et al., Cells (2019), 8, 468; K. F. Harvey et al., Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 13, 246-257 (2013)).
  • the Hippo pathway regulates cell growth, proliferation, and migration. It is assumed that in mammals the Hippo pathway acts as a tumor suppressor, and dysfunction of Hippo signaling is frequently observed in human cancers.
  • Hippo pathway plays a role in several biological processes - like in self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells and progenitor cells, wound healing and tissue regeneration
  • interaction with other signaling pathways such as Wnt - its dysfunction may also play a role in human diseases other than cancer (C.-L. Kim et al., Cells (2019), 8, 468; Y. Xiao et al., Genes & Development (2019) 33: 1491-1505; K. F. Harvey et al., Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 13, 246-257 (2013)).
  • TEAD Transcriptional enhanced associate domain
  • Hippo pathway may also play a role in resistance mechanisms of cancer cells to oncology and immune-oncology therapy (R. Reggiani et al. , BBA - Reviews on Cancer 1873 (2020) 188341 , 1-11 ).
  • the dysfunction or aberrant regulation of the Hippo pathway as a tumor suppressor is believed to be an important event in the development of a wide variety of cancer types and diseases.
  • the present invention provides compounds that are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of medical conditions, disorders and/or diseases, in particular of hyperproliferative disorders or diseases, which compounds are TEAD binders and/or inhibitors of YAP-TEAD or TAZ-TEAD protein-protein interaction.
  • the invention refers in one embodiment to a compound of formula l-A wherein Ring A represents a five-mem bered heteroaromatic ring selected from the group consisting of the following ring moieties: wherein
  • R A1 represents H, D, C 1-6 -aliphatic, -CH 2 -Ar A1 or -CH 2 -CH 2 -Ar A1 ;
  • R A2 represents H, D, halogen, C 1-6 -aliphatic, -CH 2 -Ar A2 or -CH 2 -CH 2 -Ar A2 ;
  • R A3 represents H, D, C 1-6 -aliphatic, -CH 2 -Ar A3 or -CH 2 -CH 2 -Ar A3 ;
  • Z 1 is CR Z1 or N
  • Z 2 is CR Z2 or N
  • Z 3 is CR Z3 or N; wherein at least two of Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are not N;
  • R 1 represents Ar 1 , Hetar 1 , Cyc 1 , Hetcyc 1 , L 1 -Ar 1 , L 1 -Hetar 1 , L 2 -Cyc 1 , L 2 - Hetcyc 1 , un-substituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-8 - aliphatic;
  • Ar A1 , Ar A2 , Ar A3 represent independently from each other phenyl which may be unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with independently from each other R A11 and/or R A12 ;
  • R Z1 represents H or halogen
  • R Z3 represents H or halogen
  • R 2a represents H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl, or carbohydrate derived radical, or Cat;
  • Cat represents a monovalent cation
  • R 2d , R 2j , R 2k , R 2 °, R 2p represent independently from each other H, unsubstituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic;
  • R 2e represents H, halogen, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic, heteroaryl
  • R 2f , R 2g represent independently from each other un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic;
  • R 2h , R 2i represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is said nitrogen atom and no or one further ring atom is a hetero atom selected from N, 0 or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • R 2 ', R 2m represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is said nitrogen atom and no or one further ring atom is a hetero atom selected from N, 0 or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • R 2s , R 2t represent independently from each other unsubstituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic; or form together an unsubstituted or substituted divalent C 3-6 -alkylene radical;
  • R 2u represents hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic
  • Ar 1 is a mono- bi- or tricyclic aryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ring carbon atoms, wherein that aryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 , R B2 , R B3 , R B4 , R B5 , R B6 and/or R B7 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetar 1 is a mono-, bi- or tricyclic heteroaryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14 ring atoms wherein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 , R B2 , R B3 , R B4 , R B5 , R B6 and/or R B7 which may be the same or different;
  • Cyc 1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono-, bi- or tricyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 , R B9 , RB-IO RBII RBI2 and/or R B13 which may be the same or different; and wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar x via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar x and wherein that fused carbocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetcyc 1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono-, bi- or tricyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ring atoms wherein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 , R B9 , R B1 °, R B11 , R B12 and/or R B13 which may be the same or different;
  • L 2 is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of un-substituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-6 -alkylene or C 2-6 - alkenylene, in both of which one of the carbon units of the alkylene or alkenylene chain may be replaced by -O-;
  • RAH RAI2 represent independently from each other halogen or unsubstituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-6 -aliphatic;
  • R b1 represents un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic
  • R b2 , R b3 represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted Ci-s-aliphatic; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is said nitrogen atom and no or one further ring atom is a hetero atom selected from N, 0 or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • Ar 2 is a mono- or bicyclic aryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ring carbon atoms, wherein that aryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R D1 , R D2 , R D3 , R D4 and/or R D5 which may be the same or different
  • Hetar 2 is a mono- or bicyclic heteroaryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ring atoms wherein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R D1 , R D2 , R D3 , RD 4 and
  • Cyc 2 is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 and/or R D1 ° which may be the same or different; wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar z or Hetar z via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar z or Hetar z and wherein that fused carbocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetcyc 2 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 and/or R D1 ° which may be the same or different; wherein that heterocycle may optionally be fused to Ar z or Hetar z via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar z or Hetar z and wherein that fused heterocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 which may be the same or different;
  • Ar x , Ar z independently from each other an un-substituted or substituted benzo ring;
  • Ar Y is an un-substituted or mono- or di-substituted phenyl
  • Hetar Y1 is a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 ring atoms are hetero atoms selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl which may optionally be substituted with OH;
  • Hetar z is an unsubstituted or substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, oxaole, isoxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrane;
  • Cyc Y1 is a saturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, OH, C 1-4 -alkyl;
  • Hetcyc x is a saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R X1 , R X2 , R X3 , R X4 , R X5 , R X6 , R X7 and/or R X8 which may be the same or different, and wherein that heterocycle is optionally a carboxylic acid bioisostere;
  • Hetcyc Y is a saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • Hetcyc Y1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, 0, and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 represent independently from each other unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic;
  • R D1 , R D2 , R D3 , R D4 , R D5 represent independently from each other unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic;
  • R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 , R D1 ° represent independently from each other unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic, unsubstituted or substituted Ci- 6-aliphatoxy, halogen, hydroxy; Hetar Y1 , CH 2 -Hetar Y1 , Cyc Y1 , Hetcyc Y1 , - CH 2 -Hetcyc Y1 ; and/or two of R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 , R D1 ° which are attached to the same ring atom of said carbocycle or heterocycle may form a divalent C 2-6 -alkylene radical, wherein one or two non-adjacent carbon units of said alkylene radical may optionally be replaced by independently from each other 0, N-H, or N- C 1-4 -alkyl, and wherein that alkylene radical may optionally be substituted with OH, C 1-4
  • R A1 represents H, C 1-6 -aliphatic, -CH 2 -Ar A1 or -CH 2 -CH 2 -Ar A1 ;
  • R A2 represents H, halogen, C 1-6 -aliphatic, -CH 2 -Ar A2 or -CH 2 -CH 2 -Ar A2 ;
  • R A3 represents H, C 1-6 -aliphatic, -CH 2 -Ar A3 or -CH 2 -CH 2 -Ar A3 ;
  • Z 1 is CR Z1 or N
  • Z 2 is CR Z2 or N
  • R 1 represents Ar 1 , Hetar 1 , Cyc 1 , Hetcyc 1 , L 1 -Ar 1 , L 1 -Hetar 1 , L 2 -Cyc 1 , L 2 - Hetcyc 1 , un-substituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-8 - aliphatic;
  • Ar A1 , Ar A2 , Ar A3 represent independently from each other phenyl which may be unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with independently from each other R A11 and/or R A12 ;
  • R Z1 represents H or halogen;
  • R 2a represents H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl, or carbohydrate derived radical, or Cat;
  • Cat represents a monovalent cation
  • R 2d , R 2j , R 2k , R 2 °, R 2p represent independently from each other H, un- substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic;
  • R 2e represents H, halogen, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic, heteroaryl
  • R 2f , R 2g represent independently from each other un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic
  • R 2h , R 2i represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is said nitrogen atom and no or one further ring atom is a hetero atom selected from N, 0 or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • R 2 ', R 2m represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms where
  • R 2s , p2 t represent independently from each other unsubstituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic; or form together an unsubstituted or substituted divalent C3-6-alkylene radical;
  • R 2u represents hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic
  • Ar 1 is a mono- bi- or tricyclic aryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ring carbon atoms, wherein that aryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 , R B2 , R B3 , R B4 , R B5 , R B6 and/or R B7 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetar 1 is a mono-, bi- or tricyclic heteroaryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14 ring atoms wherein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 , R B2 , R B3 , R B4 , R B5 , R B6 and/or R B7 which may be the same or different;
  • Cyc 1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono-, bi- or tricyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 , R B9 , R B 10 R B11 R B12 and/or R B13 which may be the same or different; and wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar x via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar x and wherein that fused carbocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetcyc 1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono-, bi- or tricyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ring atoms wherein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 , R B9 , R B1 °, R B11 , R B12 and/or R B13 which may be the same or different;
  • L 2 is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of un-substituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-6 -alkylene or C 2-6 - alkenylene, in both of which one of the carbon units of the alkylene or alkenylene chain may be replaced by -O-;
  • R A1 1 , R A12 represent independently from each other halogen or un- substituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-6 -aliphatic;
  • R b1 represents un-substituted or substituted Ci-s-aliphatic
  • R b2 , R b3 represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted Ci-s-aliphatic; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is said nitrogen atom and no or one further ring atom is a hetero atom selected from N, 0 or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • Ar 2 is a mono- or bicyclic aryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ring carbon atoms, wherein that aryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R D1 , R D2 , R D3 , R D4 and/or R D5 which may be the same or different
  • Hetar 2 is a mono- or bicyclic heteroaryl with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ring atoms wherein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R D1 , R D2 , R D3 , R D4 and/or R D5 which may be the same or different;
  • Cyc 2 is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 and/or R D1 ° which may be the same or different; wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar z or Hetar z via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar z or Hetar z and wherein that fused carbocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetcyc 2 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 and/or R D1 ° which may be the same or different; wherein that heterocycle may optionally be fused to Ar z or Hetar z via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar z or Hetar z and wherein that fused heterocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 which may be the same or different; Ar x , Ar z independently from each other an un-substituted or substituted benzo ring;
  • Ar Y is an un-substituted or mono- or di-substituted phenyl
  • Hetar Y1 is a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 ring atoms are hetero atoms selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl which may optionally be substituted with OH;
  • Hetar z is an unsubstituted or substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, oxaole, isoxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrane;
  • Cyc Y1 is a saturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, OH, C 1-4 -alkyl;
  • Hetcyc x is a saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R X1 , R X2 , R X3 , R X4 , R X5 , R X6 , R X7 and/or R X8 which may be the same or different, and wherein that heterocycle is optionally a carboxylic acid bioisostere;
  • Hetcyc Y is a saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • Hetcyc Y1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, O, and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • R C1 , R C2 , R C3 , R C4 , R C5 , R C6 represent independently from each other un- substituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic;
  • R D1 , R D2 , R D3 , R D4 , R D5 represent independently from each other unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic;
  • R d6 R D7 R D8 R D9 R D10 represent independently from each other unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 -aliphatic, unsubstituted or substituted Ci- 6-aliphatoxy, halogen, hydroxy; Hetar Y1 , CH 2 -Hetar Y1 , Cyc Y1 , Hetcyc Y1 , - CH 2 -Hetcyc Y1 ; and/or two of R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 , R D1 ° which are attached to the same ring atom of said
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein Z 1 is CR Z1 ;
  • Z 2 is CR Z2 ;
  • Z 3 is CR Z3 or N
  • R Z1 is H or F; preferably H;
  • R Z3 is FI or F; preferably FI.
  • PEOa, of PEO Z 3 is N.
  • PEOb, of PEO Z 3 is CR Z3 ;
  • R Z3 is H.
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein Z 1 is CR Z1 ;
  • Z 2 is CR Z2 ;
  • R Z1 is H or F
  • PE1a, of PE1 at least one of R Z1 and R Z2 is H.
  • PE1b, of PE1a both R Z1 and R Z2 are H.
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein Ring A represents a five-membered heteroaromatic ring selected from the group consisting of the following ring moieties: R A1 represents C 1-6 -aliphatic, -CH 2 -Ar A1 ;
  • R A2 represents H, C 1-6 -aliphatic
  • R A3 represents H, C 1-6 -aliphatic
  • Ar A1 represents phenyl which may be unsubstituted or mono-substituted with
  • R A11 represents halogen; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • PE2a of PE2
  • R A1 represents C-i-3-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 F atoms or CN, C2-4-alkynyl (in particular -CH 2 -C ⁇ CH), -CH 2 -Ar A1 ;
  • R A2 represents H, C 1-6 -aliphatic, in particular H, C 1-3 -alkyl optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 F atoms;
  • R A3 represents H
  • Ar A1 represents phenyl which may be unsubstituted or mono-substituted with
  • R A11 represents F; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • Ring A is selected from the group consisting of ring A-1 , A-4, A-7, A-9, A-10, A-12, A- 13, A-15, A-17, A-23 and A-24.
  • Ring A is ring A-4 wherein preferably R A1 is methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, or -CH 2 -C ⁇ CH, more preferably methyl, and R A2 is H.
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein R 1 represents Ar 1 , Hetar 1 , Cyc 1 , Hetcyc 1 , L 1 -Ar 1 , L 1 -Hetar 1 , L 2 -Cyc 1 , L 2 - Hetcyc 1 , un-substituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-6 - alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or C 2-6 -alkynyl; wherein
  • Ar 1 is a mono- or bicyclic aryl with 6 or 10 ring carbon atoms, wherein that aryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 , R B2 and/or R B3 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetar 1 is a monocyclic heteroaryl with 5 or 6 ring atoms or a bicyclic heteroaryl with 9 or 10 ring atoms wherein 1, 2 or 3 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 , R B2 and/or R B3 which may be the same or different; preferably the heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 and/or R B2 which may be the same or different;
  • Cyc 1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 and/or R B9 which may be the same or different; and wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar x via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar x and wherein that fused carbocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 and/or R C2 which may be the same or different;
  • Hetcyc 1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 and/or R B9 which may be the same or different, wherein, if one of the heteroatoms is S, then that heterocycle may also be substituted with R B8 , R B9 , R B1 ° and R B11 ;
  • L 2 is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of un-substituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched C 1-6 -alkylene or C 2-6 - alkenylene, in both of which one of the carbon units of the alkylene or alkenylene chain may be replaced by -O-;
  • Ar 2 is phenyl
  • Hetar 2 is a monocyclic heteroaryl with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • Cyc 2 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R D6 or di-substituted with independently from each other R D6 and R D7 ; in particular unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R D6 ;
  • Hetcyc 2 is pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, each of which may unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R D6 or di-substituted with independently from each other R D6 and R D7 ; in particular unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R D6 ;
  • Ar x is an unsubstituted benzo ring
  • Ar Y is phenyl
  • R C1 and R C2 represent independently from each other C 1-6 -alkyl which may be independently from each other be substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 F atoms;
  • R d6 R D7 represents independently from each other C-i- 6 -alkyl which may be substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 F atoms or 1 hydroxy group; or hydroxy; halogen is F, Cl, Br; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • PE3a of PE3
  • R 1 represents Ar 1 , Fletar 1 , Cyc 1 , Fletcyc 1 , L 1 -Ar 1 , L 1 -Fletar 1 , L 2 -Cyc 1 , L 2 - Fletcyc 1 , straight-chain or branched C 1-6 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or C 2-6 -alkynyl, wherein said C 1-6 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or C 2-6 -alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 halogen; wherein Ar 1 is phenyl or naphthalenyl, in particular phenyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 and or R B2 which may be the same or different;
  • Fletar 1 is a monocyclic heteroaryl with 5 or 6 ring atoms or a bicyclic heteroaryl with 9 or 10 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2 or 3 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 and/or R B2 which may be the same or different; Cyc 1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 and/or R B9 which may be the same or different; and wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar x via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar x and wherein that fused carbocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 and/or R
  • Hetcyc 1 is a saturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is a hetero atom selected from 0 and S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 and/or R B9 which may be the same or different, wherein, if one of the heteroatoms is S, then that heterocycle may also be substituted with R B8 , R B9 , R B1 ° and R B11 ;
  • L 2 is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -, -CH 2 - CH 2 -;
  • R B1 , R B2 represent independently from each other straight-chain or branched C 1-6 -alkyl, which C 1-6 -alkyl may be unsubstituted or monosubstituted with -CN or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 halogen, e.g. -CF 3 , straight-chain or branched C 1-4 -alkoxy, which C 1-4 -alkoxy may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2 or 3 halogen, e.g.
  • Ar 2 is phenyl;
  • Hetar 2 is a monocyclic heteroaryl with 5 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is N and the remaining are carbon atoms or 1 of said ring atoms is N and 1 of said ring atoms is S and the remaining are carbon atoms;
  • Cyc 2 is cyclopropyl, 1-trifluoromethylcyclopropyl, cyclopentyl
  • Hetcyc 2 is pyrrolidinyl
  • R B8 , RB 9 represent independently from each other F, C 1-2 -alkyl, which C 1-2 - alkyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 F, C 1-2 -alkoxy, Ar Y ; or
  • Ar x is an unsubstituted benzo ring
  • Ar Y is phenyl
  • R C1 and R C2 represent independently from each other C 1-2 -alkyl which may be independently from each other be substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 F atoms; halogen is F, Cl, Br; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • PE3b of PE3 or PE3a
  • R 1 represents Ar 1 , Fletar 1 , Cyc 1 , Fletcyc 1 , L 1 -Ar 1 , L 1 -Fletar 1 , L 2 -Cyc 1 , L 2 - Fletcyc 1 , 2,2-dimethyl-4,4,4-trifluoropentyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, 4,4,4- trifluoro-3-methylbutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-4,4,4-trifluorobutyl or 3,3,3- trifluoroprop-1 -yn-1 -yl; wherein
  • Ar 1 is phenyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R B1 and or R B2 which may be the same or different;
  • Fletar 1 is a heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furanyl, in particular furan-2-yl; thiophenyl, in particular thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl; thiazolyl, in particular 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl or 1 , 3-th iazol-4-y I; pyrazolyl, in particular pyrazol-5-yl (1 H-pyrazol-5-yl); imidazolyl, in particular imidazol-
  • Cyc 1 is selected from the group consisting of cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, spiro[3.3]heptanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptanyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptenyl, methylbicyclo[3.1 ,1]heptenyl, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R B8 and/or R B9 which may be the same or different; and wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar x via 2 adjacent ring atoms of said Ar x and wherein that fused carbocycle may further be unsubstituted or substituted with R C1 and/or R C2 which may be the same or different; Hetcyc 1 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinyl, t
  • L 2 is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -, -CH 2 - CH 2 -;
  • R B8 , R B9 represent independently from each other F, methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, phenyl; or
  • Ar x is an unsubstituted benzo ring
  • Ar Y is phenyl
  • R C1 and R C2 represent independently from each other CF 3 ; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • R 2a represents H, straight-chain or branched, unsubstituted or substituted Ci-
  • Cat represents a monovalent cation selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na) and potassium (K);
  • Hetcyc x represents 1 H-1 ,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl, , 2H-1 ,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl, 2- methyl-2H-1 ,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl, 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl (2H-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-on-3-yl), 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl (4H-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-on-3-yl), 3-bromo-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl, 3- chloro-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl, 3-(1 H-1 ,2,3-triazoM -yl)-4,5-dihydro-yl,
  • R 2a represents H, methyl, ethyl or Cat
  • Cat represents a monovalent sodium cation; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • R 2b and R 2c represent independently from each other H or straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -aliphatic which may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents which may be the same or different; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is said nitrogen atom and no or one further ring atom is a hetero atom selected from N, 0 or S and the remaining are carbon atoms; wherein said heterocycle may optionally be fused with Hetar z which is as defined in any of the preceding claims; in particular a pyrrolidinyl ring or piperidinyl ring each of which is unsubstituted or mono-substituted with -OH or di-substituted with independently from each other C 1-4 -alkyl and/or -OH; or one
  • PE5a, of PE5 R 2b represents hydrogen
  • R 2c represents hydrogen; straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -alkyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with R E1 , R E2 , R E3 , R E4 and/or R E5 which may be the same or different, Cyc 2 or Hetcyc 2 , wherein
  • R E1 , R E2 , R E3 , R E4 and/or R E5 represent independently from each other halogen, in particular F; -NR Ea R Eb , -OH, OR Ec , Ar E , Hetar E , Cyc E , Hetcyc E ;
  • Ar E is a mono- or bicyclic aryl with 6 or 10 ring carbon atoms, wherein that aryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R F1 , R F2 and/or R F3 which may be the same or different; preferably phenyl or naphthalenyl, in particular phenyl;
  • Hetar E is a monocyclic heteroaryl with 5 or 6 ring atoms or a bicyclic heteroaryl with 9 or 10 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2, 3, or 4 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R F1 , R F2 and/or R F3 which may be the same or different; in particular the heteroaryl is a moncyclic heteroaryl with 5 or 6 ring atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R F1 and/or R F2 which may be the same or different; preferably the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of imidazolyl, 1 H-imidazol-1-yl, 1 H-imidazol-2-yl, each of which unsubstituted or monosubstituted with C 1-4 -alkyl;
  • Cyc E is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R G1 and/or R G2 which may be the same or different: in particular, a saturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, or 6 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R G1 and/or R G2 which may be the same or different; preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexenyl;
  • Hetcyc E is a saturated or partially unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle with 4, 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R G1 and/or R G2 which may be the same or different; in particular a saturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N and/or 0 and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R G1 and/or R G2 ; preferably tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl each of which may be unsubstituted or monosubstituted with -OH;
  • R Ec represents H or C 1-4 -alkyl, in particular H or methyl
  • Cyc 2 is a saturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted independently from each other with R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 and/or R D1 °, wherein that carbocycle may optionally be fused to Ar z or Hetar z via 2 adjacent ring atoms and wherein that fused carbocycle may optionally further be substituted with independently from each other R C1 , R C2 and/or
  • Hetcyc 2 is a saturated monocyclic heterocycle with 4, 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted independently from each other with R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 and/orR D1 ° wherein that heterocycle may optionally be fused to Ar z or Hetar z and wherein that fused heterocycle may optionally further be substituted with independently from each other R C1 , R C2 and/or R C3 ;
  • R C1 , R C2 , R C3 represent C 1-4 -alkyl
  • R D6 , R D7 R D8 p D9 p D10 represent independently from each other halogen, in particular F; hydroxy; C 1-4 -alkyl optionally substituted with -OH and/or halogen, in particular methyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-fluorethyl; -O-C 1-4 -alkyl, in particular methoxy, ethoxy; Hetar Y1 , -CH 2 -Hetar Y1 , Cyc Y1 , Hetcyc Y1 , - CH 2 -Hetcyc Y1 ; and/or two of R D6 , R D7 , R D8 , R D9 , R D1 ° which are attached to the same ring atom of that carbocycle or heterocycle form a divalent C 2-6 -alkylene radical wherein optionally one or two non-adjacent carbon units of that alkylene radical may be replaced by independently from each other 0, NH, N-C 1-4 -al
  • Ar z is benzo
  • Hetar Y1 is a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 ring atoms are hetero atoms selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with F, C 1-4 -alkyl which may optionally be substituted with OH; in particular pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, methylpyrazolyl, imidazolyl, methylimidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, methyloxadiazolyl, pyrdinyl, fluoropyrdinyl, methylpyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, methylpyrimidinyl;
  • Hetar Y2 is a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 ring atoms are hetero atoms selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl which may optionally be substituted with OH; in particular pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, hydroxymethyloxazolyl;
  • Hetar z is pyrrole, N-methyl-pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole;
  • Cyc Y1 is a saturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, OH, C 1-4 -alkyl, in particular cyclopropyl;
  • Hetcyc Y1 is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, 0, and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms; in particular tetrahydrofuranyl;
  • Hetcyc Y2 is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, 0, and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms; in particular tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • PE5a comprises compounds of the present invention in which R 2b represents hydrogen and R 2c represents straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -alkyl in which 1 or 2 of non-terminal and non-adjacent -CH 2 - (methylene) groups are replaced by -O- , -S- and/or 1 or 2 non-terminal and non-adjacent -CH 2 - or -CH- groups are replaced by - NH- or -N-.
  • R 2b represents hydrogen
  • R 2c represents straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -alkyl in which 1 or 2 of non-terminal and non-adjacent -CH 2 - (methylene) groups are replaced by -O- , -S- and/or 1 or 2 non-terminal and non-adjacent -CH 2 - or -CH- groups are replaced by - NH- or -N-.
  • R 2b represents hydrogen
  • R 2c represents hydrogen; straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -alkyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with R E1 , R E2 , R E3 , R E4 and/or R E5 which may be the same or different, Cyc 2 or Hetcyc 2 , wherein
  • R E1 , R E2 , R E3 , R E4 and/or R E5 represent independently from each other halogen, in particular F; -NR Ea R Eb , -OH, OR Ec , Ar E , Hetar E , Cyc E , Hetcyc E ;
  • Ar E is a mono- or bicyclic aryl with 6 or 10 ring carbon atoms, wherein that aryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R F1 , R F2 and/or R F3 which may be the same or different; preferably phenyl or naphthalenyl, in particular phenyl;
  • Hetar E is a monocyclic heteroaryl with 5 or 6 ring atoms or a bicyclic heteroaryl with 9 or 10 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2, 3, or 4 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, O and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R F1 , R F2 and/or R F3 which may be the same or different; in particular the heteroaryl is a moncyclic heteroaryl with 5 or 6 ring atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted with substituents R F1 and/or R F2 which may be the same or different; preferably the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of imidazolyl, 1 H- imidazol-1-yl, 1 H-imidazol-2-yl, each of which unsubstituted or monosubstituted with C 1-4 -alkyl;
  • Cyc E is a saturated or partially unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R G1 and/or R G2 which may be the same or different: in particular, a saturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, or 6 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R G1 and/or R G2 which may be the same or different; preferably cyclobutyl; Hetcyc E is a saturated or partially unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with R G1 and/or R G2 which may be the same or different; in particular a saturated monocycl
  • R Ec represents H or C 1-4 -alkyl, in particular H or methyl
  • Cyc 2 is a saturated monocyclic carbocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, wherein that carbocycle may be unsubstituted or mono- substituted with R D6 , wherein
  • R D6 is C 1-4 -alkyl which is unsubstituted or mono-substituted with - OH, in particular -CH 2 OH; in particular Cyc 2 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or 1 -hydroxymethyl- cyclobutyl;
  • Hetcyc 2 is a saturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms is/are a hetero atom(s) selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heterocycle may be unsubstituted or mono-substituted with hydroxy; in particular tetrahydrofuranyl or hydroxytetrahydrofuranyl; preferably 4- hydroxytetrahydrofuran-3-yl;
  • R 2b and R 2c form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to a saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle optionally substituted with independently from each other R Y1 , R Y2 , R Y3 , R Y4 and/or R Y5 ; wherein that heterocycle may optionally be fused with Hetar z ; and wherein that heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of: azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine; wherein
  • Ar z is benzo
  • Hetar Y2 is a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4 ring atoms are hetero atoms selected from N, 0 and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms, wherein that heteroaryl may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl which may optionally be substituted with OH; in particular pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, hydroxymethyloxazolyl, pyrimidinyl;
  • Hetar z is pyrrole, N-methyl-pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole;
  • Hetcyc Y2 is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocycle with 5 or 6 ring atoms wherein 1 or 2 of said ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, 0, and/or S and the remaining are carbon atoms; in particular tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • R 2b and R 2c form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached a
  • PE5c of PE5
  • R 2b represents a straight-chain of branched C 1-4 -alkyl optionally substituted with OH; in particular methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl;
  • R 2c represents Cyc 2 , Hetcyc 2 or straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -alkyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with independently from each other R E1 , R E2 , R E3 , R E4 and/or R E5 which may be the same or different; wherein Cyc 2 , Hetcyc 2 , R E1 , R E2 , R E3 , R E4 and R E5 are as defined hereinabove for PE5a or PE5aa.
  • R 2d , R 2j , R 2k represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic; in particular H, methyl;
  • R 2 ', R 2m represent independently from each other H, un-substituted or substituted C 1-8 -aliphatic; or form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to an unsubstituted or substituted saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ring atoms wherein 1 of said ring atoms is said nitrogen atom and no or one further ring atom is a hetero atom selected from N, 0 or S and the remaining are carbon atoms; in particular Ci- 4-alkyl; preferably methyl;
  • R 2s , R 2t represent independently from each other C 1-6 -alkyl which may optionally be substituted with -OH, O-C 1-4 -alkyl, NH2, NHC 1-4 -alkyl, N(CI-4- alkyl) 2 , pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl; in particular methyl, ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy propyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-(N,N- dimethylamino)propyl; or form together a divalent C3-4-alkylene radical which may optionally be substituted with -NH2, -CN, or a divalent C2-s-alkylene radical wherein optionally one of the carbon units of said C2-s-alkylene radical may be replaced by 0, NH or N-C 1-4 -alkyl; in particular -(CH 2 )3-, -CH 2 -C(NH 2 )H-CH 2
  • R 2u represents hydrogen or C 1-4 -alkyl
  • x represents 0 or 1
  • z is 0 or 1 : and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein wherein
  • Ring A represents a five-membered heteroaromatic ring selected from the group consisting of the following ring moieties: Z 2 is CH;
  • R 1 represents phenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4- methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-difluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-(1 ,1-difluorethyl)phenyl, 4-(2,2,2- trifluorethyl)phenyl, 4-(1 -trifluoromethylcyclopropyl)-phen-1 -yl, 4- cyclopentylphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-difluormethoxyphenyl, 4- trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)sulfanylphenyl, 4-
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein wherein
  • Ring A represents a five-membered heteroaromatic ring selected from the group consisting of the following ring moieties:
  • Z 2 is CH
  • Z 3 is CH or N
  • R 1 represents phenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4- methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-difluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-(1 ,1-difluorethyl)phenyl, 4-(2,2,2- trifluorethyl)phenyl, 4-(1 -trifluoromethylcyclopropyl)-phen-1 -yl, 4- cyclopentylphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-difluormethoxyphenyl, 4- trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)sulfanylphenyl, 4-
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N- oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
  • PE9a, of PE9 R 1 is selected from the group consisting of and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • R 1 is (particular embodiment PE9aa).
  • PE10, the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N- oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
  • PE10a, of PE10 the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
  • PE10aa, of PEIOa R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
  • PE1 Ob, of PE10 the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
  • PEIObb, of PEIOb R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
  • PE10c, of PE10 the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
  • PE1 Occ, of PE10c R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N- oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group described for PE9 above.
  • R 2 is selected from the group described for PE10 above; and the remaining radicals and residues are as defined for formula l-A or I above or for any of the further particular embodiments described herein above or below.
  • PE11a of PE11 wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group described for PE9a above, especially PE9aa;
  • R 2 is selected from the group described for PE10 above.
  • PE11 b of PE11 wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group described for PE9a above, especially PE9aa;
  • R 2 is selected from the group described for PE10a above, especially PE10aa.
  • PE11 c of PE11 wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group described for PE9a above, especially PE9aa;
  • R 2 is selected from the group described for PE10b above, especially PE10bb.
  • PE11 d of PE11 wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group described for PE9a above, especially PE9aa;
  • R 2 is selected from the group described for PE10c above, especially PE10cc. It is still another particular embodiment of the invention, PE12, wherein Ring A is selected from one of the particular embodiments PE2, PE2a, PE2b, PE2c; and R 1 and R 2 are selected as described for PE11.
  • PE12a, of PE12, R 1 and R 2 are selected as described for PE11a.
  • PE12b, of PE12, R 1 and R 2 are selected as described for PE11 b.
  • PE12c, of PE12, R 1 and R 2 are selected as described for
  • PE11c In still a further particular embodiment, PE12d, of PE12, R 1 and R 2 are selected as described for PE11d.
  • the compound of the present invention is a tricyclic heterocycle of formula l-A or I, or any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein that compound is selected from the compounds shown in Table 1 and Table 1b below, in particular in Table 1. It is understood that each single compound depicted in Table 1 and Table 1b as well as any N-oxide, solvate, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such compound represent a particular embodiment of the present invention.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-8 or 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms (“C 1-8 -aliphatic” and “C 1-6 - aliphatic”, respectively). In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms (“Ci-s-aliphatic”). In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms (“C 1-4 -aliphatic”). In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-3 aliphatic carbon atoms (“C1-3- aliphatic”), and in yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1 -2 aliphatic carbon atoms (“C 1-2 -aliphatic”).
  • cycloaliphatic refers to a monocyclic C3-C7 hydrocarbon (i.e. , a monocyclic hydrocarbon with 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 ring carbon atoms) or to a bicyclic C5-8 hydrocarbon (i.e. a bicyclic hydrocarbon with 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring carbon atoms) that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • cycloaliphatic or “carbocycle” refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic cycloaliphatic ring system which is fused to an aromatic, heteroaromatic or heterocyclic ring or ring system via 2 adjacent ring atoms of that aromatic, heteroaromatic or heterocyclic ring or ring system; in other words, such carbocycle shares two ring atoms with the ring or ring system to which it is fused thereby having two points of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • carbocycle refers to bicyclic spiro-cycles in which two monocyclic carbocycles are fused to each other via the same single carbon atom.
  • aliphatic encompasses, to the extent chemically possible, straight-chain, i.e. unbranched, as well as branched hydrocarbon chains, if not defined differently in a particular instance. Also, in general this term encompasses, to the extent chemically possible, unsubstituted and substituted hydrocarbon moieties, if not defined differently in a particular instance.
  • Typical substituents of an aliphatic group include, but are not limited to halogen, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted amino, aryl, in particular unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, in particular unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl or pyrimidinyl, heterocyclyl, in particular unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or morpholinyl.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl groups and hybrids thereof as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
  • alkyl usually refers to a saturated aliphatic and acyclic moiety
  • alkynyl usually refers to an aliphatic and acyclic moiety with one or more C ⁇ C triple bonds.
  • alkenyl comprises all forms of isomers, i.e. E-isomers, Z- isomers as well as mixtures thereof (E/Z-isomers).
  • Exemplary aliphatic groups are linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-4 - alkyl, C 1-3 -alkyl, C 1-2 -alkyl, C 2-8 -alkenyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 2-8 -alkynyl, C 2-6 -alkynyl, C 2-4 -alkynyl, groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
  • C 1-3 -alkyl refers to alkyl groups, i.e. saturated acyclic aliphatic groups, having 1 , 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
  • Exemplary C 1-3 -alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl.
  • C 1-4 -alkyl refers to alkyl groups having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
  • Exemplary C 1-4 -alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.
  • C 1-6 - alkyl refers to alkyl groups having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
  • Exemplary C 1-6 -alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, n-hexyl, and 2-hexyl.
  • C 1-8 -alkyl refers to alkyl groups having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 carbon atoms.
  • Exemplary C 1-8 -alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 2-hexyl n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-octyl, and 2,2,4- trimethylpentyl.
  • Each of these alkyl groups may be straight-chain or - except for Ci-alkyl and C2-alkyl - branched and may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents that may be the same or different and may be, if not specified differently elsewhere in this specification and/or the accompanying claims, selected from the group comprising halogen, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted amino, aryl, in particular unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, in particular unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl or pyrimidinyl, heterocyclyl, in particular unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or morpholinyl.
  • C-i-3-alkyl, C 1-4 -alkyl, C 1-6 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkyl groups may also comprise those residues in which 1 or 2 of non-terminal and non-adjacent -CH 2 - (methylene) groups are replaced by -O- , -S- and/or 1 or 2 non-terminal and non-adjacent -CH 2 - or -CH- groups are replaced by -NH- or -N-.
  • C 3-7 -cycloalkyl refers to a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, as defined above, with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms.
  • C3-6- cycloalkyl refers to a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon with 3, 4, 5, or 6 ring carbon atoms.
  • C 3-7 -cycloalkyl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with - unless specified differently elsewhere in this specification - 1 , 2 or 3 substituents that may be the same of different and are - unless specified differently elsewhere in this specification - selected from the group comprising C 1-6 -alkyl, O-C 1-6 -alkyl (alkoxy), halogen, hydroxy, unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted amino, aryl, in particular unsubstituted or substituted phenyl. If substituted, C 3-7 -cycloalkyl comprises all possible stereoisomers.
  • Exemplary C 3-7 -cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, 2-methyl-cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl.
  • the term “bicyclic C 5-8 -cycloalkyl” refers to a bicyclic cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, as defined above, with 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring carbon atoms; it includes spirocyclic ring system, i.e.
  • Bicylic C 5-8 -cycloalkyl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with - unless specified differently elsewhere in this specification - 1 , 2 or 3 substituents that may be the same of different and are - unless specified differently elsewhere in this specification - selected from the group comprising C 1-6 -alkyl, O-C 1-6 -alkyl (alkoxy), halogen, hydroxy, unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted amino. If substituted, bicyclic C 5-8 -cycloalkyl comprises all possible stereoisomers.
  • Exemplary bicyclic C 5-8 -cycloalkyl are spiro[3.3]heptanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl, bi- cyclop.2.1 ]hept-5-en-2-ylmethyl, bicyclo[3.1 .1 ]hept-2-en-2-yl.
  • aliphatoxy refers to saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups or substituents as defined above that are connected to another structural moiety via an oxygen atom (-O-).
  • C 1-6 -aliphatoxy refers to an aliphatoxy radical with 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms within the aliphatic group.
  • alkoxy refers to a particular subgroup of saturated aliphatoxy, i.e. to alkyl substituents and residues that are connected to another structural moiety via an oxygen atom (-O-).
  • O-alkyl and more specifically as “O-C 1 - 2 -alkyl”, “O-C 1-3 -alkyl”, “O-C 1-4 -alkyl”, “O- C 1-6 -alkyl”, “O-C 1 - 8-alkyl”.
  • alkyl groups may be straight-chain or - except for - 0-Ci-alkyl and -O- C2-alkyl - branched and may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents that may be the same or different and are, if not specified differently elsewhere in this specification, selected from the group comprising halogen, unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted amino.
  • alkoxy groups are methoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy.
  • alkylene refers to a divalent (or bivalent) aliphatic group and in particular a divalent alkyl group.
  • An “alkylene chain” is a polymethylene group, i.e., -(CH 2 )y-, wherein y is a positive integer, preferably 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  • C 1-3 -alkylene refers to an alkylene moiety with 1 , 2 and 3, respectively, -CH 2 - groups; the term “alkylene”, however, not only comprises linear alkylene groups, i.e. "alkylene chains", but branched alkylene groups as well.
  • C 1-6 -alkylene refers to an alkylene moiety that is either linear, i.e. an alkylene chain, or branched and has 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
  • C 2-6 -alkylene refers to an alkylene moiety with 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms
  • a “C3-4-alkylene” refers to an alkylene moiety with 3 or 4 carbon atoms
  • C2-3-alkylene refers to an alkylene moiety with 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
  • a substituted alkylene is a group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced by (or with) a substituent.
  • Suitable substituents include those described herein for a substituted alkyl group.
  • 1 or 2 methylene groups of the alkylene chain may be replaced by, for instance, 0, S and/or NH or N-C 1-4 -alkyl.
  • Exemplary alkylene groups are -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 - CH 2 -, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -, -O-CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -
  • alkenylene refers to a divalent alkenyl group.
  • a substituted alkenylene chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one double bond in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described herein for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • alkenylene not only refers to straight-chain divalent alkenylene radicals, i.e. an alkenylene chain, but to branched alkenylene groups as well.
  • C 2-6 -alkenylene refers to an alkenylene radical having 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms.
  • alkynylene refers to a divalent alkynyl group.
  • a substituted alkynylene chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one triple bond in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described herein for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • halogen means F, Cl, Br, or I.
  • heteroatom means one or more of oxygen (O), sulfur (S), or nitrogen (N), including, any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. N-oxides, sulfoxides and sulfones; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring, for example N (as in 3 , 4-d i hy d ro-2 /-/-py rro ly I ) , NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or N-SUB with SUB being a suitable substituent (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl”, “aralkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl”, refers to monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, that ring members being carbon atoms, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, i.e. , it has (4n+2) p (pi) electrons (with n being an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3), which electrons are delocalized over the system, and wherein each ring in the system contains three to seven ring members.
  • all rings in the aryl system or the entire ring system are aromatic.
  • aryl is used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring”.
  • aryl refers to an “aromatic ring system”. More specifically, those aromatic ring systems may be mono-, bi- or tricyclic with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ring carbon atoms. Even more specifically, those aromatic ring systems may be mono- or bicyclic with 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ring carbon atoms.
  • Exemplary aryl groups are phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more identical or different substituents.
  • aryl or “aromatic ring system”, as they are used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like. In the latter case the "aryl” group or substituent is attached to its pendant group via the aromatic part of the ring system.
  • benzo refers to a six-membered aromatic ring (with carbon ring atoms) that is fused via two adjacent carbon atoms to another ring, being it a cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic or heterocyclic (heteroaliphatic) ring; as a result a ring system with at least two rings is formed in which the benzo ring shares two common carbon atoms with the other ring to which it is fused.
  • a benzo ring is fused to a phenyl ring, a napthaline ring system is formed, while fusing a benzo ring to a pyridine provides for either a quinoline or an isoquinoline; fusing a benzo ring to a cyclopentene ring provides an indene ring.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar-”, used alone or as part of a larger moiety refer to groups having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14 ring atoms (which atoms are carbon and hetero atoms), preferably 5, 6, 9 or 10 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 p (pi) electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms.
  • heteroatom refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
  • heteroaryl ring or ring system may also be described as an aromatic heterocycle.
  • Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, pyridyl (pyridinyl), pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, and pyrrolopyridinyl, in particular pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridinyl.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar-”, as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is preferably on the heteroaromatic or, if present, the aryl ring.
  • Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl), benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4 H- quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 9H-carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl and pyrido[2,3-b]-1 ,4-oxazin-3(4/-/)-one.
  • an indolyl ring may be attached via one of the ring atoms of the six-membered aryl ring or via one of the ring atoms of the five-mem bered heteroaryl ring.
  • a heteroaryl group is optionally mono-, bi- or tricyclic.
  • the term “heteroaryl” is used interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring”, “heteroaryl group”, or “heteroaromatic”, any of which terms include rings that are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more identical or different substituents.
  • heteroarylkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • a heteroaryl ring can be attached to its pendant group at any of its hetero or carbon ring atoms which attachment results in a stable structure or molecule: any of the ring atoms may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • heteroaryl substituents can be attached to any pendant group via any of its ring atoms suitable for such an attachment.
  • the terms “heterocycle”, “heterocyclyl”, “heterocyclic radical”, and “heterocyclic ring” are used interchangeably and refer to a stable mono- bi- or tricyclic heterocyclic moiety with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14 ring atoms wherein 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 of said ring atoms are hetero atoms and wherein that heterocyclic moiety is either saturated or partially unsaturated; heterocyclic moieties that are aromatic rings or ring systems are referred to as “heteroaryl” moieties as described hereinabove.
  • the heterocycle is a stable saturated or partially unsaturated 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered monocyclic or 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, or 11-membered bicyclic or 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered tricyclic heterocyclic moiety.
  • nitrogen When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, the term “nitrogen” includes a substituted nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen is N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or N-SUB with SUB being a suitable substituent (as in N- substituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • heterocycle In the context of the term “heterocycle” the term “saturated” refers to a completely saturated heterocyclic system, like pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinonyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thianyl, and dioxothianyl.
  • heterocycle the term “partially unsaturated” refers to heterocyclic systems (i) that contain one or more units of unsaturation, e.g.
  • This second class (ii) of "partially unsaturated” heterocycles may also be referred to as (bicyclic or tricyclic) "partially aromatic" heterocycles indicating that at least one of the rings of that heterocycle is a saturated or unsaturated but nonaromatic heterocycle that is fused with at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.
  • Typical examples of these "partially aromatic" heterocycles are 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl and 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl.
  • a heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thianyl, dioxothianyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydro- isoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl.
  • heterocycle used interchangeably herein, and also include groups in which a heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloaliphatic rings, such as indolinyl, 3H— indolyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring.
  • a heterocyclyl group is optionally mono-, bi- or tricyclic.
  • heterocyclylalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are unsubstituted or substituted.
  • carbohydrate derived radical refers to monovalent organic radicals derived from any kind of carbohydrate compounds, such as aldoses and ketosis, as well as polyols, i.e. reduced carbohydrates, and carbohydrate acids, i.e. oxidized carbohydrates, derived from such aldoses and ketosis.
  • the term comprises monovalent radicals of monosaccharides and reduced and oxidized derivatives thereof, including, but not being limted to, D/L-glycerol aldehyde, D-glycerol aldehyde, L-glycerol aldehyde, dihydroxy acetone, D/L- erythrose, D-erythrose, L-erythrose, D/L-threose, D-threose, L-threose, D/L- ribose, D-ribose, L-ribose, D/L-arabinose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D/L- xylose, D-xylose, L-xylose, D/L-lyxose, D-lyxose, L-lyxose, D/L-allose, D- allose, L-allose, D/L-altrose, D-altrose, L-altrose, D/L-glu
  • It further comprises monovalent radicals of di- and oligosaccharides and their respective reduced and oxidized derivatives, including sucrose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose.
  • carbohydrate derived radicals may be utilized in their pure D- or L-form or as a mixture of D- and L-form in each ratio possible.
  • each of these radicals include their open as well as their cyclic form in pure form or as a mixture in any ratio.
  • carbohydrate derived radicals may further be substituted by suitable substituents, e.g., halogen, cyano, unsubstituted, mono- or disubstituted amino, C 1-6 aliphatic, C 1-6 aliphatoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, and the like.
  • Any carbohydrate derived radical can be attached to its pendant group at any of its hetero or carbon atoms which attachment results in a stable structure or molecule.
  • Examples of carbohydrate derived radicals are D/L- fructose, D-fructose, D/L-glucose, D-glucose, D/L-glucoronic acid, D- glucoronic acid, L-glucoronic acid.
  • bioisostere if used alone or in combination with other terms, e.g., “bioisostere radical”, refers to a compound or a group, radical, moiety, substituent and the like, that elicits a similar biological effect as another compound, group, radical, moiety or substituent though they are structurally different to each other.
  • “bioisosteres” can be understood as compounds or groups that possess near-equal molecular shapes and volumes, approximately the same distribution of electrons, and which exhibit similar physical properties.
  • Typical examples for bioisosteres are carboxylic acid bioisosteres which exhibit similar physico-chemical properties as a carboxylic acid group (“carboxylic acid bioisostere”).
  • Such a carboxylic acid bioisostere group or radical may be utilized in place of a carboxylic acid group or radical thereby providing properties similar to those of the carboxylic group but potentially exhibiting some different properties when compared to the carboxylic acid group, for instance, reduced polarity, increased lipophilicity, or enhanced pharmacokinetic properties.
  • carboxylic acid bioisosteres include, without being limited to, -CN, fluoro, amides, sulfonamides, sulfonimides, and several aromatic and non-aromatic heterocycles such as hydroxy-substituted isoxazoles, sulfonamido-substituted oxadiazoles and oxo-oxadiazoles, e.g., 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol, and in particular tetrazoles, e.g. 1 H-1 ,2,3,4-tetrazole, 2-methyl-2H-1 ,2,3,4- tetrazole.
  • unsaturated means that a moiety or group or substituent has one or more units of unsaturation.
  • the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond.
  • the term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation. In particular, it encompasses (i) non-saturated (mono-, bi- or tricyclic) ring systems without any aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety or part; and (ii) bi- or tricyclic ring systems in which one of the rings of that system is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring which is fused with another ring that is neither an aromatic nor a heteroaromatic ring, e.g.
  • the first class (i) of "partially unsaturated" rings, ring systems, ring moieties may also be referred to as "non-aromatic partially unsaturated” rings, ring systems, ring moieties, while the second class (ii) may be referred to as "partially aromatic” rings, ring systems, ring moieties.
  • bicyclic refers to any bicyclic ring system, i.e. carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated or having one or more units of unsaturation, i.e. being partially unsaturated or aromatic, having one or more atoms in common between the two rings of the ring system.
  • the term includes any permissible ring fusion, such as ortho- fused or spirocyclic.
  • heterocyclic is a subset of “bicyclic” that requires that one or more heteroatoms are present in one or both rings of the bicycle.
  • Such heteroatoms may be present at ring junctions and are optionally substituted, and may be selected from nitrogen (including N- oxides), oxygen, sulfur (including oxidized forms such as sulfones and sulfonates), phosphorus (including oxidized forms such as phosphates), boron, etc.
  • a bicyclic group has 7-12 ring members and 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • tricyclic “tricyclic ring” or “tricyclic ring system” refers to any tricyclic ring system, i.e. carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated or having one or more units of unsaturation, i.e.
  • heterotricyclic is a subset of “tricyclic” that requires that one or more heteroatoms are present in one or both rings of the tricycle. Such heteroatoms may be present at ring junctions and are optionally substituted, and may be selected from nitrogen (including N-oxides), oxygen, sulfur (including oxidized forms such as sulfones and sulfonates), phosphorus (including oxidized forms such as phosphates), boron, etc.
  • a tricyclic group has 10-14 ring members and 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • certain compounds of the invention contain “substituted” or “optionally substituted” moieties.
  • substituted whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. “Substituted” applies to one or more hydrogens that are either explicit or implicit from the structure. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” or “optionally substituted” group has a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent is either the same or different at every position.
  • substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
  • stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
  • Ph means phenyl; and that “-(CH 2 )o-4” means that there is either no alkylene group if the subscript is “0” (zero) or an alkylene group with 1 , 2, 3 or 4 CH 2 units.
  • Ph means phenyl
  • halo means halogen
  • -(CH 2 ) 0-2 means that there is either no alkylene group if the subscript is “0” (zero) or an alkylene group with 1 or 2 CH 2 units.
  • R * is C 1-6 aliphatic
  • R * is optionally substituted with halogen, -R*, (haloR*), OH, -OR*, -O(haloR*), -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR*, -NH 2 , -NHR*, -NR*2, or -N0 2
  • each R* is independently selected from Ci- 4 aliphatic, -CH 2 Ph, -O(CH 2 )o-iPh, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and wherein each R* is unsubstituted or where preceded by halo is substituted only with one or more halogens.
  • An optional substituent on a substitutable nitrogen is independently -R ⁇ , - NR ⁇ 2 , -C(O)Rt, -C(O)OR ⁇ , -C(O)C(O)R ⁇ ,
  • each R ⁇ is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 aliphatic, unsubstituted -OPh, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or, two independent occurrences of R ⁇ , taken together with their intervening atom(s) form an unsubstituted 3-12-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl mono- or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein when R ⁇ is C 1-6 aliphatic, R ⁇ is optionally substituted with hal
  • solvates means addition forms of the compounds of the present invention with solvents, preferably pharmaceutically acceptable solvents that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate, e.g. a hemi-, mono- or dihydrate. If the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate, e.g., a methanolate or ethanolate. If the solvent is an ether, the solvate formed is an etherate, e.g., diethyl etherate.
  • N-oxides means such compounds of the present invention that contain an amine oxide moiety, i.e. the oxide of a tertiary amine group.
  • the compounds of formulas l-A and I may - also depending on the nature of substituents they may bear - have one or more centers of chirality. They may accordingly occur in various enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms, as the case may be, and be in racemic or optically active form.
  • the invention therefore, also relates to the optically active forms, enantiomers, racemates, diastereomers, mixtures thereof in all ratios, collectively: “stereoisomers” for the purpose of the present invention, of these compounds. Since the pharmaceutical activity of the racemates or stereoisomers of the compounds according to the invention may differ, it may be desirable to use a specific stereoisomer, e.g. one specific enantiomer or diastereomer.
  • a compound according to the present invention obtained as a racemate or even intermediates thereof - may be separated into the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric, diastereoisomeric) compounds by chemical or physical measures known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Another approach that may be applied to obtain one or more specific stereoisomers of a compound of the present invention in an enriched or pure form makes use of stereoselective synthetic procedures, e.g. applying starting material in a stereoisomerically enriched or pure form (for instance using the pure or enriched (R)- or (S)- enantiomer of a particular starting material bearing a chiral center) or utilizing chiral reagents or catalysts, in particular enzymes.
  • pure enantiomer usually refers to a relative purity of one enantiomer over the other (its antipode) of equal to or greater than 95%, preferably > 98 %, more preferably > 98.5%, still more preferably > 99%.
  • the compounds of the invention which have one or more centers of chirality and which occur as racemates or as mixtures of enantiomers or diastereoisomers can be fractionated or resolved by methods known per se into their optically pure or enriched isomers, i.e. enantiomers or diastereomers.
  • the separation of the compounds of the invention can take place by chromatographic methods, e.g. column separation on chiral or nonchiral phases, or by recrystallization from an optionally optically active solvent or by use of an optically active acid or base or by derivatization with an optically active reagent such as, for example, an optically active alcohol, and subsequent elimination of the radical.
  • tautomer refers to compounds of the present invention that may exist in tautomeric forms and show tautomerism; for instance, carbonyl compounds may be present in their keto and/or their enol form and show keto-enol tautomerism. Those tautomers may occur in their individual forms, e.g., the keto or the enol form, or as mixtures thereof and are claimed separately and together as mixtures in any ratio. The same applies for cis/trans isomers, E/Z isomers, conformers and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention are in the form of free base or acid - as the case may be -, i.e. in their non-salt (or salt-free) form.
  • the compounds of the present invention are in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable bases or acids, including inorganic bases or acids and organic bases or acids.
  • the invention also comprises their corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • acidic groups such as carboxyl groups
  • the compounds of the present invention which contain acidic groups, such as carboxyl groups can be present in salt form, and can be used according to the invention, for example, as alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, aluminium salts or as ammonium salts.
  • salts include lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts or salts with ammonia or organic amines such as, for example, ethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, piperdine, N-methylglutamine or amino acids.
  • a suitable base e.g. lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium propoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium ethoxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide.
  • base salts of compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to copper(l), copper(ll), iron(ll), iron (III), manganese(ll) and zinc salts.
  • Compounds of the present invention which contain one or more basic groups, e.g. groups which can be protonated, can be present in salt form, and can be used according to the invention in the form of their addition salts with inorganic or organic acids.
  • acids include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p- toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, sulfoacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, pivalic acid, diethylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, embonic acid, mandelic acid, sulfaminic acid, phenylpropionic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, isonicotinic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, taurocholic acid, glutaric acid, stearic acid, glutamic acid or aspartic acid,
  • the salts which are formed are, inter alia, hydrochlorides, chlorides, hydrobromides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, phosphates, methanesulfonates (mesylates), tosylates, carbonates, bicarbonates, formates, acetates, sulfoacetates, triflates, oxalates, malonates, maleates, succinates, tartrates, malates, embonates, mandelates, fumarates, lactates, citrates, glutarates, stearates, aspartates and glutamates.
  • the stoichiometry of the salts formed from the compounds of the invention may moreover be an integral or non-integral multiple of one.
  • Compounds of the present invention which contain basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized using agents such as (Ci-C4)alkyl halides, for example methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl chloride, bromide and iodide; di(Ci-C4)alkyl sulfates, for example dimethyl, diethyl and diamyl sulfate; (Cio- Cie)alkyl halides, for example decyl, dodecyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chloride, bromide and iodide; and aryl(Ci-C4)alkyl halides, for example benzyl chloride and phenethyl bromide.
  • agents such as (Ci-C4)alkyl halides, for example methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl chloride, bromide and iod
  • Both water- and oil-soluble compounds according to the invention can be prepared using such salts.
  • the invention also includes, in addition to the salt forms mentioned, inner salts or betaines (zwitterions).
  • the respective salts can be obtained by customary methods which are known to a person skilled in the art, for example by contacting these with an organic or inorganic acid or base in a solvent or dispersant, or by anion exchange or cation exchange with other salts.
  • the present invention also includes all salts of the compounds of the present invention which, owing to low physiological compatibility, are not directly suitable for use in pharmaceuticals but which can be used, for example, as intermediates for chemical reactions or for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • a compound of the present invention includes isotope-labelled forms thereof.
  • An isotope-labelled form of a compound of the formula I or l-A is identical to this compound apart from the fact that one or more atoms of the compound have been replaced by an atom or atoms having an atomic mass or mass number which differs from the atomic mass or mass number of the atom which usually occurs naturally.
  • isotopes which are readily commercially available and which can be incorporated into a compound of the present invention by well-known methods include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine and chlorine, for example 2 H (D), 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 0, 17 0, 31 P, 32 P, 33 S, 34 S, 35 S, 36 S, 18 F and 36 CI, respectively.
  • a compound of formula I or l-A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which contains one or more of the above-mentioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms is intended to be part of the present invention.
  • An isotope-labelled compound of formula I or l-A can be used in a number of beneficial ways.
  • an isotope-labelled compound of the present invention into which, for example, a radioisotope, such as 3 FI or 14 C, has been incorporated is suitable for medicament and/or substrate tissue distribution assays.
  • radioisotopes i.e. tritium ( 3 FI) and carbon-14 ( 14 C)
  • 3 FI tritium
  • 14 C carbon-14
  • Incorporation of heavier isotopes, for example deuterium ( 2 H) into a compound of formula I or l-A has therapeutic advantages owing to the higher metabolic stability of this isotope-labelled compound.
  • An isotope- labelled compound of formula I or l-A can usually be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the synthesis schemes and the related description, in the example part and in the preparation part in the present text, replacing a non-isotope-labelled reactant by a readily available isotope-labelled reactant.
  • Deuterium ( 2 FI; D) can also be incorporated into a compound of formula l-A or I for the purpose of manipulating the oxidative metabolism of the compound by way of the primary kinetic isotope effect.
  • the primary kinetic isotope effect is a change of the rate for a chemical reaction that results from exchange of isotopic nuclei, which in turn is caused by the change in ground state energies necessary for covalent bond formation after this isotopic exchange. Exchange of a heavier isotope usually results in a lowering of the ground state energy for a chemical bond and thus cause a reduction in the rate in rate-limiting bond breakage.
  • the product distribution ratios can be altered substantially.
  • a compound of formula I or I- A which has multiple potential sites of attack for oxidative metabolism for example benzylic hydrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom, is prepared as a series of analogues in which various combinations of hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium atoms, so that some, most or all of these hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium atoms.
  • Half-life determinations enable favourable and accurate determination of the extent of the extent to which the improvement in resistance to oxidative metabolism has improved. In this way, it is deter-mined that the half-life of the parent compound can be extended by up to 100% as the result of deuterium-hydrogen exchange of this type.
  • Deuterium-hydrogen exchange in a compound of the present invention can also be used to achieve a favourable modification of the metabolite spectrum of the starting compound in order to diminish or eliminate undesired toxic metabolites.
  • a toxic metabolite arises through oxidative carbon- hydrogen (C-H) bond cleavage
  • C-H oxidative carbon- hydrogen
  • the deuterated analogue will greatly diminish or eliminate production of the unwanted metabolite, even if the particular oxidation is not a rate-determining step.
  • Further information on the state of the art with respect to deuterium- hydrogen exchange may be found, for example in Hanzlik et al., J. Org. Chem. 55, 3992-3997, 1990, Reider et al., J. Org.
  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of formula I or l-A, or its N-oxides, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, as active ingredient, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a composition or product comprising one or more active ingredients, and one or more inert ingredients that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing at least one compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. It may further comprise physiologically acceptable excipients, auxiliaries, adjuvants, diluents and/or additional pharmaceutically active substance other than the compounds of the invention.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may additionally comprise one or more other compounds as active ingredients (drugs), such as one or more additional compounds of the present invention.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a second active ingredient or its derivatives, prodrugs, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, wherein that second active ingredient is other than a compound of formula I and l-A ; preferably, that second active ingredient is a compound that is useful in the treatment, prevention, suppression and/or amelioration of medicinal conditions or pathologies for which the compounds of the present invention are useful as well and which are listed elsewhere hereinbefore or hereinafter.
  • Such combination of two or more active ingredients or drugs may be safer or more effective than either drug or active ingredient alone, or the combination is safer or more effective than it would be expected based on the additive properties of the individual drugs.
  • Such other drug(s) may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of the invention.
  • a combination product containing such other drug(s) and the compound of the invention - also referred to as “fixed dose combination” - is preferred.
  • combination therapy also includes therapies in which the compound of the present invention and one or more other drugs are administered on different overlapping schedules.
  • compositions of the present invention include those that contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of the invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention - or N-oxides, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios - can be used as medicaments. They have been found to exhibit pharmacological activity by binding to TEAD and/or disrupting and/or inhibiting YAP-TEAD and/or TAZ- TEAD protein-protein interaction. It is assumed that by this activity the compounds of the present invention may prevent or reverse dysfunction of the Hippo pathway. By preventing its dysfunction, the Hippo pathway may be capable of playing its role as a tumor suppressor.
  • the pharmacological activity of the compounds of the present invention may also be useful in other pathophysiological scenarios where inhibition or disruption of TEAD binding and/or aberrant YAP-TEAD and/or aberrant TAZ-TEAD signaling would be beneficial.
  • the compounds of the present invention being TEAD binders and/or inhibitors of YAP-TEAD and/or TAZ-TEAD interaction are useful in particular in the treatment, prevention, suppression and/or amelioration of hyperproliferative disorders and cancer, in particular tumors including solid tumors, of breast cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, uveal melanoma, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, squamous cancer, renal cancer, gastric cancer, medulloblastoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, schwannoma, meningioma, glioma, basal cell carcinoma.
  • tumors including solid tumors, of breast cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, uveal melanoma, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, squamous cancer, renal cancer, gastric cancer, medullob
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be useful in the treatment, prevention, suppression and/or amelioration of non-cancerous disorders and diseases, e.g. cardiovascular diseases and fibrosis (like liver fibrosis).
  • cardiovascular diseases and fibrosis like liver fibrosis
  • the compounds of the present invention are for use in the prevention and/or treatment, especially in the treatment of any of the disorders or diseases listed above, preferably of cancer, in particular tumors including solid tumors, of the specific types of cancer disclosed in the previous paragraph; or of any of the non-cancerous disorders or diseases disclosed in the previous paragraph.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention is a method for preventing and/or treating, preferably treating a disorder or disease selected from the group consisting of hyperproliferative disorders and cancer, in particular tumors including solid tumors, of the specific types of cancer disclosed in the previous paragraphs; or of any of the non-cancerous disorders or diseases disclosed in the previous paragraphs.
  • a disorder or disease selected from the group consisting of hyperproliferative disorders and cancer, in particular tumors including solid tumors, of the specific types of cancer disclosed in the previous paragraphs; or of any of the non-cancerous disorders or diseases disclosed in the previous paragraphs.
  • Still another particular embodiment of the invention is the use of a compound of the present invention - or derivatives, N-oxides, prodrugs, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios - for the manufacturing of a medicament, in particular for preventing and/or treating, preferably treating a disorder or disease selected from the group consisting of hyperproliferative disorders and cancer, in particular tumors including solid tumors, of the specific types of cancer disclosed in the previous paragraphs; or of any of the non-cancerous disorders or diseases disclosed in the previous paragraphs.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the present invention for use in the prevention and/or treatment of a disease - or, alternatively, a method for preventing and/or treating a disease by administering an effective amount of a compound of the present invention ; or, in another alternative, a use of a compound of the present invention for the manufacturing of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease - wherein that disease is a cancer, in particular tumors including solid tumors, of the specific types of cancer disclosed in the previous paragraphs; and more preferably, wherein administration of the compound is simultaneous, sequential or in alternation with administration of at least one other active drug agent.
  • the disclosed compounds of formula I or l-A can be administered in combination with other known therapeutic agents, including anticancer agents.
  • anticancer agent relates to any agent which is administered to a patient with cancer for the purposes of treating the cancer.
  • the anti-cancer treatment defined above may be applied as a monotherapy or may involve, in addition to the herein disclosed compounds of formula l-A or I, conventional surgery or radiotherapy or medicinal therapy.
  • Such medicinal therapy e.g. a chemotherapy or a targeted therapy, may include one or more, but preferably one, of the following anti-tumor agents:
  • Alkylating agents such as altretamine, bendamustine, busulfan, carmustine, chlorambucil, chlormethine, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, improsulfan, tosilate, lomustine, melphalan, mitobronitol, mitolactol, nimustine, ranimustine, temozolomide, thiotepa, treosulfan, mechloretamine, carboquone; apaziquone, fotemustine, glufosfamide, palifosfamide, pipobroman, trofosfamide, uramustine, evofosfamide, VAL-083 [41 ;
  • Platinum Compounds such as carboplatin, cisplatin, eptaplatin, miriplatine hydrate, oxaliplatin, lobaplatin, nedaplatin, picoplatin, satraplatin;
  • DNA altering agents such as amrubicin, bisantrene, decitabine, mitoxantrone, procarbazine, trabectedin, clofarabine; amsacrine, brostallicin, pixantrone, laromustine [1] [3] ;
  • Topoisomerase Inhibitors such as etoposide, irinotecan, razoxane, sobuzoxane, teniposide, topotecan; amonafide, belotecan, elliptinium acetate, voreloxin;
  • Microtubule modifiers such as cabazitaxel, docetaxel, eribulin, ixabepilone, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vindesine, vinflunine; fosbretabulin, tesetaxel;
  • Antimetabolites such as asparaginase 13 ', azacitidine, calcium levofolinate, capecitabine, cladribine, cytarabine, enocitabine, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, nelarabine, pemetrexed, pralatrexate, azathioprine, thioguanine, carmofur; doxifluridine, elacytarabine, raltitrexed, sapacitabine, tegafur [2] [3] , trimetrexate;
  • Anticancer antibiotics such as bleomycin, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, levamisole, miltefosine, mitomycin C, romidepsin, streptozocin, valrubicin, zinostatin, zorubicin, daunurobicin, plicamycin; aclarubicin, peplomycin, pirarubicin;
  • Hormones/Antagonists such as abarelix, abiraterone, bicalutamide, buserelin, calusterone, chlorotrianisene, degarelix, dexamethasone, estradiol, fluocortolone, fluoxymesterone, flutamide, fulvestrant, goserelin, histrelin, leuprorelin, megestrol, mitotane, nafarelin, nandrolone, nilutamide, octreotide, prednisolone, raloxifene, tamoxifen, thyrotropin alfa, toremifene, trilostane, triptorelin, diethylstilbestrol; acolbifene, danazol, deslorelin, epitiostanol, orteronel, enzalutamide [11 [31 ;
  • Aromatase inhibitors such as aminoglutethimide, anastrozole, exemestane, fadrozole, letrozole, testolactone; formestane;
  • Small molecule kinase inhibitors such as crizotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, imatinib, lapatinib, nilotinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, ruxolitinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vandetanib, vemurafenib, bosutinib, gefitinib, axitinib; afatinib, alisertib, dabrafenib, dacomitinib, dinaciclib, dovitinib, enzastaurin, nintedanib, lenvatinib, linifanib, linsitinib, masitinib, midostaurin, motesanib, neratinib, orantinib, perifosine, ponatinib, radotinib, rigo
  • Photosensitizers such as methoxsalen [3] ; porfimer sodium, talaporfin, temoporfin;
  • Antibodies such as alemtuzumab, besilesomab, brentuximab vedotin, cetuximab, denosumab, ipilimumab, ofatumumab, panitumumab, rituximab, tositumomab, trastuzumab, bevacizumab, pertuzumab [2] [3] ; catumaxomab, elotuzumab, epratuzumab, farletuzumab, mogamulizumab, necitumumab, nimotuzumab, obinutuzumab, ocaratuzumab, oregovomab, ramucirumab, rilotumumab, siltuximab, tocilizumab, zalutumumab, zanolimumab, matuzumab, dalotuzumab [
  • Vaccines such as sipuleucel [3] ; vitespen [3] , emepepimut-S [3] , oncoVAX [4] , rindopepimut [3] , troVax [4] , MGN-1601 [41 , MGN-1703I 4] ; Miscellaneous alitretinoin, bexarotene, bortezomib, everolimus, ibandronic acid, imiquimod, lenalidomide, lentinan, metirosine, mifamurtide, pamidronic acid, pegaspargase, pentostatin, sipuleucel [3] , sizofiran, tamibarotene, temsirolimus, thalidomide, tretinoin, vismodegib, zoledronic acid, vorinostat; celecoxib, cilengitide, entinostat, etanidazole
  • PARP inhibitors Olaparib, Veliparib.
  • a set or kit comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention and/or at least one pharmaceutical composition as described herein and a therapeutically effective amount of at least one further pharmacologically active substance other than the compounds of the invention.
  • this set or kit comprises separate packs of a) an effective amount of a compound of formula I and l-A, or any of its N- oxides, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each of the foregoing, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, and b) an effective amount of a further active ingredient that further active ingredient not being a compound of formula I and not being a compound of formula l-A.
  • a further embodiment of the present invention is a process for the manufacture of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, characterized in that one or more compounds according to the invention and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of solid, liquid or semiliquid excipients, auxiliaries, adjuvants, diluents, carriers and pharmaceutically active agents other than the compounds according to the invention, are converted in a suitable dosage form.
  • compositions (formulations) of the present invention may be administered by any means that achieve their intended purpose.
  • administration may be via oral, parenteral, topical, enteral, intravenous, intramuscular, inhalant, nasal, intraarticular, intraspinal, transtracheal, transocular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, transdermal, or buccal routes.
  • administration may be via the oral route.
  • the dosage administered will be dependent upon the age, health, and weight of the recipient, kind of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired. Parenteral administration is preferred. Oral administration is especially preferred.
  • Suitable dosage forms include, but are not limited to capsules, tablets, pellets, dragees, semi-solids, powders, granules, suppositories, ointments, creams, lotions, inhalants, injections, cataplasms, gels, tapes, eye drops, solution, syrups, aerosols, suspension, emulsion, which can be produced according to methods known in the art, for example as described below:
  • Tablets mixing of active ingredient/s and auxiliaries, compression of said mixture into tablets (direct compression), optionally granulation of part of mixture before compression.
  • Capsules mixing of active ingredient/s and auxiliaries to obtain a flowable powder, optionally granulating powder, filling powders/granulate into opened capsules, capping of capsules.
  • Semi-solids (ointments, gels, creams): dissolving/dispersing active ingredient/s in an aqueous or fatty carrier; subsequent mixing of aqueous/fatty phase with complementary fatty/ aqueous phase, homogenization (creams only).
  • Suppositories dissolving/dispersing active ingredient/s in carrier material liquified by heat (rectal: carrier material normally a wax; vaginal: carrier normally a heated solution of a gelling agent), casting said mixture into suppository forms, annealing and withdrawal suppositories from the forms.
  • Aerosols dispersing/dissolving active agent/s in a propellant, bottling said mixture into an atomizer.
  • non-chemical routes for the production of pharmaceutical compositions and/or pharmaceutical preparations comprise processing steps on suitable mechanical means known in the art that transfer one or more compounds of the invention into a dosage form suitable for administration to a patient in need of such a treatment.
  • the transfer of one or more compounds of the invention into such a dosage form comprises the addition of one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of carriers, excipients, auxiliaries and pharmaceutical active ingredients other than the compounds of the invention.
  • Suitable processing steps include, but are not limited to combining, milling, mixing, granulating, dissolving, dispersing, homogenizing, casting and/or compressing the respective active and nonactive ingredients.
  • active ingredients are preferably at least one compound of the invention and optionally one or more additional compounds other than the compounds of the invention, which show valuable pharmaceutical properties, preferably those pharmaceutical active agents other than the compounds of the invention, which are disclosed herein.
  • Particularly suitable for oral use are tablets, pills, coated tablets, capsules, powders, granules, syrups, juices or drops, suitable for rectal use are suppositories, suitable for parenteral use are solutions, preferably oil-based or aqueous solutions, furthermore suspensions, emulsions or implants, and suitable for topical use are ointments, creams or powders.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be lyophilized and the resultant lyophilizates used, for example, for the preparation of injection preparations.
  • the preparations indicated may be sterilized and/or comprise assistants, such as lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers and/or wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for modifying the osmotic pressure, buffer substances, dyes, flavors and/or a plurality of further active ingredients, for example one or more vitamins.
  • assistants such as lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers and/or wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for modifying the osmotic pressure, buffer substances, dyes, flavors and/or a plurality of further active ingredients, for example one or more vitamins.
  • Suitable excipients are organic or inorganic substances, which are suitable for enteral (for example oral), parenteral or topical administration and do not react with the compounds of the invention, for example water, vegetable oils, benzyl alcohols, alkylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, glycerol triacetate, gelatin, carbohydrates, such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol or starch (maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch), cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates, for example tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and/or vaseline.
  • disintegrating agents may be added such as the above-mentioned starches and also carboxym ethyl-starch, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.
  • Auxiliaries include, without limitation, flow-regulating agents and lubricants, for example, silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof, such as magnesium stearate or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol.
  • Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings, which, if desired, are resistant to gastric juices.
  • concentrated saccharide solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
  • the tablet, dragee or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
  • the two components can be separated by an enteric layer, which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
  • enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, acetyl alcohol, solutions of suitable cellulose preparations such as acetyl-cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate or hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose phthalate, are used.
  • Dye stuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, for example, for identification or in order to characterize combinations of active compound doses.
  • Suitable carrier substances are organic or inorganic substances which are suitable for enteral (e.g. oral) or parenteral administration or topical application and do not react with the novel compounds, for example water, vegetable oils, benzyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, carbohydrates such as lactose or starch, magnesium stearate, talc and petroleum jelly.
  • tablets, coated tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, drops or suppositories are used for enteral administration, solutions, preferably oily or aqueous solutions, furthermore suspensions, emulsions or implants, are used for parenteral administration, and ointments, creams or powders are used for topical application.
  • the compounds of the invention can also be lyophilized and the lyophilizates obtained can be used, for example, for the production of injection preparations.
  • Other pharmaceutical preparations which can be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer such as glycerol or sorbitol.
  • the push-fit capsules can contain the active compounds in the form of granules, which may be mixed with fillers such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers.
  • the active compounds are preferably dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, or liquid paraffin.
  • stabilizers may be added.
  • liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
  • Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or gelatin.
  • Suitable formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form, for example, water-soluble salts and alkaline solutions.
  • suspensions of the active compounds as appropriate oily injection suspensions may be administered.
  • Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils, for example, sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, for example, ethyl oleate or triglycerides or polyethylene glycol-400 (the compounds are soluble in PEG-400).
  • Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances, which increase the viscosity of the suspension, including, for example, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, and/or dextran, optionally, the suspension may also contain stabilizers.
  • inhalation sprays for administration as an inhalation spray, it is possible to use sprays in which the active ingredient is either dissolved or suspended in a propellant gas or propellant gas mixture (for example CO 2 or chlorofluorocarbons).
  • a propellant gas or propellant gas mixture for example CO 2 or chlorofluorocarbons.
  • the active ingredient is advantageously used here in micronized form, in which case one or more additional physiologically acceptable solvents may be present, for example ethanol.
  • Inhalation solutions can be administered with the aid of conventional inhalers.
  • Possible pharmaceutical preparations which can be used rectally include, for example, suppositories, which consist of a combination of one or more of the active compounds with a suppository base.
  • Suitable suppository bases are, for example, natural or synthetic triglycerides, or paraffin hydrocarbons.
  • gelatin rectal capsules which consist of a combination of the active compounds with a base.
  • Possible base materials include, for example, liquid triglycerides, polyethylene glycols, or paraffin hydrocarbons.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations can be employed as medicaments in human and veterinary medicine.
  • the term "effective amount" means that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought, for instance, by a researcher or clinician.
  • the term also includes within its scope a "therapeutically effective amount” which means any amount which, as compared to a corresponding subject who has not received such amount, results in improved treatment, healing, prevention, or amelioration of a disease, disorder, or side effect, or a decrease in the rate of advancement of a disease or disorder, or of symptoms associated with such disease or disorder; it may also refer to preventing or providing prophylaxis for the disease or disorder in a subject having or at risk for developing a disease disclosed herein.
  • the term also includes within its scope amounts effective to enhance normal physiological function. Said therapeutic effective amount of one or more of the compounds of the invention is known to the skilled artisan or can be easily determined by standard methods known in the art.
  • Treating means an alleviation, in whole or in part, of symptoms associated with a disorder or disease, or slowing, or halting of further progression or worsening of those symptoms, or prevention or prophylaxis of the disease or disorder in a subject at risk for developing the disease or disorder.
  • the compounds of the present invention and the optional additional active substances are generally administered analogously to commercial preparations.
  • suitable doses that are therapeutically effective lie in the range between 0.0005 mg and 1000 mg, preferably between 0.005 mg and 500 mg and especially between 0.5 mg and 100 mg per dose unit.
  • the daily dose is preferably between about 0.001 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of body weight.
  • dose levels can vary as a function of the specific compound, the severity of the symptoms and the susceptibility of the subject to side effects. Some of the specific compounds are more potent than others. Preferred dosages for a given compound are readily determinable by those of skill in the art by a variety of means. A preferred means is to measure the physiological potency of a given compound.
  • the specific dose for the individual patient depends, however, on the multitude of factors, for example on the efficacy of the specific compounds employed, on the age, body weight, general state of health, the sex, the kind of diet, on the time and route of administration, on the excretion rate, the kind of administration and the dosage form to be administered, the pharmaceutical combination and severity of the particular disorder to which the therapy relates.
  • the specific therapeutic effective dose for the individual patient can readily be determined by routine experimentation, for example by the doctor or physician, which advises or attends the therapeutic treatment.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedures of the following Schemes and Examples, using appropriate materials, and as further exemplified by the following specific examples. They may also be prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart; Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York), to be precise under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for the said reactions. Use can also be made of variants which are known per se, but are not mentioned here in greater detail.
  • the starting materials for the preparation of compounds of the present invention can be prepared by methods as described in the examples or by methods known per se, as described in the literature of synthetic organic chemistry and known to the skilled person, or can be obtained commercially.
  • the starting materials for the processes claimed and/or utilized may, if desired, also be formed in situ by not isolating them from the reaction mixture, but instead immediately converting them further into the compounds of the invention or intermediate compounds.
  • the reaction stepwise Preferably, the reaction of the compounds is carried out in the presence of a suitable solvent, which is preferably inert under the respective reaction conditions.
  • suitable solvents comprise but are not limited to hydrocarbons, such as hexane, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene or xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as trichlorethylene, 1 ,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloromethane, chloroform or dichloromethane; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol or tert-butanol; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane; glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme); ketones, such as acetone or butanone; amides, such as acetamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methyl pyridine
  • the reaction temperature is between about -100°C and 300°C, depending on the reaction step and the conditions used.
  • Reaction times are generally in the range between a fraction of a minute and several days, depending on the reactivity of the respective compounds and the respective reaction conditions. Suitable reaction times are readily determinable by methods known in the art, for example reaction monitoring. Based on the reaction temperatures given above, suitable reaction times generally lie in the range between 10 minutes and 48 hours.
  • the present invention also refers to a process for manufacturing a compound of formula I or l-A in its most general form as well as any of the particular embodiments, PEO, PEOa, PEOb, PE1 , PE1a, PE1 b, PE2, PE2a, PE2b, PE3, PE3a, PE3b, PE4, PE4a, PE5, PE5a, PE5aa PE5b,PE5bb, PE5c, PE6, PE7,
  • R 1 -NH 2 V wherein R 1 is as defined for the compound of formula I or l-A above or in any of the claims, in a C-N cross coupling reaction under suitable reaction conditions to provide a compound of formula I or l-A as defined above or in any of the claims; and optionally
  • the compounds of the present invention can readily be synthesized by reacting other compounds of the present invention under suitable conditions, for instance, by converting one particular functional group being present in a compound of the present invention, or a suitable precursor molecule thereof, into another one by applying standard synthetic methods, like reduction, oxidation, addition or substitution reactions; those methods are well known to the skilled person.
  • the skilled artisan will apply - whenever necessary or useful - synthetic protecting (or protective) groups; suitable protecting groups as well as methods for introducing and removing them are well-known to the person skilled in the art of chemical synthesis and are described, in more detail, in, e.g., P.G.M. Wuts, T.W.
  • Scheme A also applies analogously to Scheme A-A; instead of compounds B, D, E, and I Scheme A- A and its explanation refer to compounds B-A, D-A, E-A, and l-A.
  • the synthetic procedures and method utilized are the same in Schemes A and A-A.
  • reaction step a the boronic acid B - which is readily available, for instance, by first reacting the respective bromo- substituted aryl or heteroaryl with a suitable organometallic base like n-butyl lithium and subsequent reaction with a suitable boron acid ester like B(OCH 3 )3 - is reacted with the 1-amino-2-bromo-substituted heterocycle C under typical C-C cross coupling conditions, e.g., under conditions typical for Suzuki cross coupling reactions (for instance, reacting a solution of B and C in a suitable solvent like 1 ,4-dioxane with cesium carbonate in the presence of a Palladium catalyst like Pd(dppf) 2 Cl2 (1 ,T-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(ll) dichloride)) to yield compound D.
  • a suitable organometallic base like n-butyl lithium
  • ring A in that 1-amino- 2-bromo-substituted heterocycle C has the same meaning as “ring A” for the compound of the present invention of formula I, i.e. is selected from the five- membered heteroaromatic rings A-1 to A-24 as defined above and in the claims. For instance, if ring A is selected to be ring A-1 , then the respective compound C would have the following formula C-1 :
  • Compound D may then be subjected to an intra-molecular C-N cross-coupling reaction (step b), for instance, under conditions typical for a Hartwig-Buchwald reaction (e.g., reaction with cesium carbonate in a suitable solvent like 1 ,4- dioxane in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst like di-tert- butyl[2',4',6'-tris(propan-2-yl)-[1 , 1 '-biphenyl]-2-yl]phosphane ⁇ 2'-amino-[1 , 1 '- biphenyl]-2-yl ⁇ palladiumylium methanesulfonate) to yield the tricyclic heterocycle E.
  • a Hartwig-Buchwald reaction e.g., reaction with cesium carbonate in a suitable solvent like 1 ,4- dioxane in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst like di-tert- butyl[2',4'
  • This heterocycle E may then in turn be reacted with the bromide R 1 -Br in another C-N coupling reaction (step c) under similar conditions, for instance with cesium carbonate in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst (e.g., Chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1 ,1 '-biphenyl)[2-(2'- amino-1 ,T-biphenyl)]palladium(ll), X-Phos aminobiphenyl palladium chloride, XPhosPd G2) to provide the compound of the present invention of formula I.
  • a suitable palladium catalyst e.g., Chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1 ,1 '-biphenyl)[2-(2'- amino-1 ,T-biphenyl)]palladium(ll),
  • this compound of formula I may optionally converted into further compounds of formula I.
  • compound D as shown in Scheme A above (and D-A in Scheme A-A) - instead of being subjected to the subsequent reaction steps b and c, i.e. two consecutive C-N coupling reactions - may be reacted with a suitable compound R 1 -Br under C-N coupling reactions (with as suitable base like cesium carbonate or sodium hydride in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst) to directly provide the respective compound of formula I (or l-A in Scheme A-A).
  • compound E compounds of formula I may be synthesized by utilizing suitable reaction partners other than the bromo- substituted compound R 1 -Br under suitable reaction conditions.
  • compound E may be reacted with the respective thionyl chloride under suitable reaction conditions to yield the respective sulfonyl derivative of formula I (or l-A).
  • Scheme B also applies analogously to Scheme B-A; instead of compounds B, G, and I Scheme B-A and its explanation refers to compounds B-A, G-A, and l-A.
  • the synthetic procedures and method utilized are the same in Schemes B and B-A.
  • Scheme B above depicts another synthetic route for making compounds of the present invention.
  • the boronic acid B (or a suitable boronic acid ester) is reacted in a C-C cross-coupling reaction under similar conditions described for step a in Scheme A with the 1-chloro-2-iodo-substituted heterocycle F (step d) which reaction yields the dichloro-substituted compound G.
  • Compound G may then be converted in a C-N coupling reaction with the primary amine R 1 -NH2 (step e) in the presence of a suitable base like cesium carbonate and a suitable palladium catalyst (as described for Scheme A) into the desired compound of formula I (or l-A for Scheme B-A).
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedures of the following Schemes and Examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples.
  • the compounds are shown in Table 1.
  • Analytical data of compounds made according to the following examples are shown in Table 1 , too.
  • 1 H-NMR data is provided in Table 1 below.
  • 1 H NMR spectra were usually acquired on a Bruker Avance DRX 500, Bruker Avance 400.
  • NS Numberer of Scans
  • SF Spectrometer Frequency
  • TE Tempoture
  • Chemical shifts (d) are reported in ppm relative to the TMS signal.
  • Example 1 4-(benzenesulfonyl)-2-benzyl-2H,4H-pyrrolo[3,4-b1indole-7- carboxylic acid
  • Example 1-2 Synthesis of product 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-5-bromo-2,3- bis(bromomethyl)-1 H-indole
  • the black brown mixture was stirred at 90 ° C under 1 bar of methanidylidyneoxidanium balloon for 16 hours.
  • the reaction was poured into water (50 mL ) and extracted with EA (30 mL ) for three times. The organic layers were concentrated to give a residue.
  • Example 1-5 Synthesis of methyl 4-(benzenesulfonyl)-2-benzyl-2H,4H- pyrrolo[3,4-b1indole-7-carboxylate
  • Example 4-2 Synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-2H,4H-pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole-7- carboxylate
  • Example 4-3 Synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,4H- pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole-7-carboxylate
  • Example 4-4 Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,4H- pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole-7-carboxylic acid
  • Example 5-1 Synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-8- ⁇ [4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1- methyl ⁇ -2H,8H-pyrazolo[3,4-blindole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 6-1 Synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-8-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 6-2 Synthesis of 2methyl-8-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylic acid
  • Example 7-1 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 7-2 Synthesis of 8-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H-pyrazolo[3,4- blindole-5-carboxylic acid
  • Example 8-1 Synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-8-f[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyll- methyl)-2H,8H-pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • a solution of ethyl-2-methyl-2H,8H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole-5-carboxylate (220 mg; 0.81 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was added NaH (49 mg; 2.04 mmol) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes and 1-(bromomethyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzene (230 mg; 0.96 mmol) was added.
  • Example 9-1 Synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-8-(4-methylphenyl)-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 10-1 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • the mixture was stirred under N2 atmosphere at 120°C for 16h.
  • the mixture was filtered and the phases were separated.
  • the purified product could be obtained (186 mg; 81 %; light yellow solid).
  • Example 10-2 Synthesis of 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H-pyrazolo[3,4- blindole-5-carboxylic acid
  • Example 11-1 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 12-1 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(cvclohexylmethyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-blindole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 13-1 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 14-1 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 14-2 Synthesis of 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylic acid
  • Example 15-2 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-blindole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 18-2 Synthesis of 2-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl1-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-blindole-5-carboxylic acid
  • Example 20-2 Synthesis of 2-methyl-5-nitro-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyllpyrazolo[3,4-b1indole
  • Example 20-3 Synthesis of 2-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyllpyrazolo [3,4-b]indol-5-amine
  • 2-methyl-5-nitro-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrazolo[3,4- b]indole 450 mg, 1.048 mmol
  • Pd/C 10%, 450 mg
  • the mixture was hydrogenated at room temperature for 1 h under hydrogen atmosphere using a hydrogen balloon, filtered through a Celite pad and concentrated under reduced pressure. This resulted in 2-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]pyrazolo[3,4-b]indol-5-amine (360 mg, 99%) as a yellow solid.
  • Example 20-4 Synthesis of N-[2-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenvn pyrazolo[3,4-b1indol-5-yllprop-2-enamide
  • Example 22-1 Synthesis of ethyl 8-(4-cyclopentylphenyl)-2-methyl-2H,8H- pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxylate
  • Example 21-1 1-[2-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrazolo[3,4- b]indol-5-yl]methanamine (Example 21-1 ) (130 mg, 0.339 mmol) and DIPEA (139 mg, 1.022 mmol) in DCM (20 mL ) was added chloroacetyl chloride (50 mg, 0.443 mmol) in DCM dropwise at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with PE/EtOAc (1 :1 ).
  • Example 25-2 Synthesis of 2-methyl-4H-[1 ,31thiazolo[4,5-b1indole-7- carboxylate
  • Example 25-4 Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1- [1 ,31thiazolo[4,5-b1indole-7-carboxylic acid
  • Example 26-3 Synthesis of 7-fluoro-2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1 pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole
  • Example 29 N-[2-hvdroxy-1 -(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl1-2-methyl-8-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenvn-2H,8H-pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxamide
  • Example 29-1 Synthesis of N-[2-hvdroxy-1 -(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl1-2-methyl-8-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenvn-2H,8H-pyrazolo[3,4-b1indole-5-carboxamide
  • Example 29-2 Separation of Enantiomers
  • Example 32 7-methanesulfinyl-2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenvn-2H,4H- pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole
  • Example 32-1 Synthesis of 7-methanesulfinyl-2-methyl-4-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,4H-pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole
  • Example 33 7-methanesulfonyl-2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenvn-2H,4H- pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole
  • Example 33-1 Synthesis of 7-methanesulfonyl-2-methyl-4-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,4H-pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole
  • Example 34-1 Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,4H- pyrazolo[4,3-b1indole-7-sulfonamide
  • Example 35 lmino(methyl) ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2H,4H- pyrazolo[4,3-b1indol-7-yl ⁇ ambda6-sulfanone
  • Example 35-1 Synthesis of imino(methyl) ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[4-
  • Table 1 Table 1 below shows exemplary compounds of the present invention. They have been synthesized as described in the Examples above or similar thereto. 5
  • Chiral HPLC/SFC a SFC; column: ChiralPak 1C; eluent: CO 2 :ethanol (55:45); wave length: 220nm; flow: 5mL/min.
  • SFC Column: YMC Cellulose-SC, eluent CO 2 : Methanol 65:35, wavelength 254, flow: 5 mL/min.
  • c SFC Column: Lux Cellulose-2, Eluent CO 2 : Methanol 65:35, Wavelength 270nm, Flow : 5ml/min. Melting point of selected compounds of Table 1 were determined by using a Tianjin Analytical Instrument RY-1 meting point detector and are depicted in Table 1a below:
  • Table 1b shows further exemplary compounds of the present invention. They can be synthesized by adapting the methods and procedures described in the Examples above. LC-MS and Chiral HPLC/SFC conditions are as defined above for Table 1.
  • 8x TEAD responsive elements driving the NanoLuc® luciferase gene were stably integrated into SK-HEP-1 cells (ECACC #: 91091816).
  • luciferase substrate / lysis reagent mix (NanoGloTM, Promega) was added to the cells, allowing the quantification of cellular luciferase activity.
  • Cell Media The cells were cultured in the following media: MEM, +10% FBS, +1x GlutaMAX, +1 mM Sodium-Pyruvate, + 100mM Non-essential amino acids, +0.1 mg/ml Hygromycin.
  • the media used for the assay was: MEM (w/o Phenol Red), +10% FBS, +1x GlutaMAX, +1 mM Sodium-Pyruvate, + 100mM Non- essential amino acids, +0.5% Pen/Strep
  • Reagents The reagents used are listed below:
  • Cell culture The cells were examined using an inverted microscope to check for health and cell density. To dissociate adherent cells, the monolayer of cells was washed once with pre-warmed PBS. After removing the PBS, 3 ml pre warmed Accutase® was added to a F75 flask, dispersed evenly and the flask was allowed to sit in incubator for ⁇ 4-5 minutes.
  • the total cell count was determined, and 20 mI of the desired cell number was added to each well of a 384 well plate using a Multidrop Combi. The plates were then incubated for 24 hours at 37°C, 95% rH, and 5% CO 2 . Compound treatment: 24 hours after seeding, the cells were treated with compounds.
  • the cells were fed with 20mI fresh pre-warmed assay media using a Multidrop combi.
  • the assay plates were then incubated for another 24h at 37°C, 95% rH, and 5% CO 2 .
  • Luciferase readout 24 h after treatment, the plates were taken out of the incubator and were allowed to equilibrate to RT. 30 mI of NanoGlo® reagent was added to the plates in the dark. Plates were shaken for 20 min on a Teleshake ( ⁇ 1500 rpm) in the dark. The luminescence was then measured using an EnVision microplate reader. The IC50 values were generated using Genedata Screener®.
  • cells were treated in duplicates with the test compounds in a 10-point dose, 1 :3 dilution steps, with the top concentration starting at 30mM (final concentration in assay). After a 96 hour incubation at 37°C, 95% rH, and 5% CO 2 , a cell-permeant DNA-binding dye that stains only healthy cells (CyQUANT®, Promega) was added to the cells, allowing the quantification of cell viability.
  • Cell Media The NCI-H226 cells were cultured in the following media: RPMI 1640, +10% FBS, +1x GlutaMAX, +10mM HEPES, + 0.5% Pen/Strep. The SW620-KO cells were cultured in the following media: DMEM/F-12, +10% FBS, +1x GlutaMAX, +10mM HEPES, +0.5% Pen/Strep.
  • Reagents The reagents used are listed below:
  • Cell culture The cells were examined using an inverted microscope to check for health, cell density, etc. To dissociate adherent cells, the monolayer of cells was washed once with pre-warmed PBS. After removing the PBS, 3ml prewarmed Accutase was added to a F75 flask, dispersed evenly and the flask was allowed to sit in incubator for ⁇ 4-5 minutes.
  • the total cell count was determined, and 20pl of the desired cell number was added to each well of a 384 well plate using a Multidrop Combi. The plates were then incubated for 24 hours at 37°C, 95% rH, and 5% CO 2 . Compound treatment: 24 hours after seeding, the cells were treated with compounds.
  • the cells were fed with 20mI fresh pre-warmed assay media using a Multidrop combi.
  • the assay plates were then incubated for 96h at 37°C, 95% rH, and 5% CO 2 .
  • Group A IC50 is in the range of 1 nM to 10nM Group B IC50 is in the range of >10 nM to 100 nM Group C IC50 is in the range of >100 nM to 10000 nM Group D IC50 is in the range >10000 nM
  • Group A IC50 is in the range of 1 nM to 100 nM
  • Group B IC50 is in the range of >100 nM to 1000 nM
  • Group C IC50 is in the range of >1000 nM to 10000 nM
  • Group D IC50 is in the range >10000 nM
  • Group A IC50 is in the range of 0.1 mM to 1 pM
  • Group B IC50 is in the range of >1 pM to 10 pM
  • Group C IC50 is in the range of >10 pM to 30 pM
  • Compound no. 2 was tested at dosing levels of 1 , 3, 10, 30, and 100mg/kg, respectively. Results are depicted in Figure 1 (tumor growth over time for vehicle group and each dosage group) and Figure 2 (final tumor volume of vehicle group and each dosage group).
  • the animal experiment was performed under regulation of the German animal welfare act and in accordance with the EU laboratory animal directive for the area of animal experiments.
  • a solution of 100 g of an active ingredient of the formula I or l-A and 5 g of disodium hydrogenphosphate in 3 I of bidistilled water is adjusted to pH 6.5 using 2 N hydrochloric acid, sterile filtered, transferred into injection vials, lyophilised under sterile conditions and sealed under sterile conditions. Each injection vial contains 5 mg of active ingredient.
  • a mixture of 20 g of an active ingredient of the formula I or l-A with 100 g of soya lecithin and 1400 g of cocoa butter is melted, poured into moulds and allowed to cool.
  • Each suppository contains 20 mg of active ingredient.
  • a solution is prepared from 1 g of an active ingredient of the formula I or l-A, 9.38 g of NaH 2 PO 4 . 2 H 2 O, 28.48 g of Na 2 HPO 4 . 12 H 2 O and 0.1 g of benzalkonium chloride in 940 mL of bidistilled water. The pH is adjusted to 6.8, and the solution is made up to 1 I and sterilised by irradiation. This solution can be used in the form of eye drops.
  • Example D Ointment
  • Example E Tablets
  • a mixture of 1 kg of active ingredient of the formula I or l-A, 4 kg of lactose, 1.2 kg of potato starch, 0.2 kg of talc and 0.1 kg of magnesium stearate is pressed in a conventional manner to give tablets in such a way that each tablet contains 10 mg of active ingredient.
  • Tablets are pressed analogously to Example E and subsequently coated in a conventional manner with a coating of sucrose, potato starch, talc, tragacanth and dye.
  • a solution of 1 kg of active ingredient of the formula I or l-A in 60 I of bidistilled water is sterile filtered, transferred into ampoules, lyophilised under sterile conditions and sealed under sterile conditions. Each ampoule contains 10 mg of active ingredient.

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