EP4143565A1 - Dispositif de mesure de la teneur en humidité dans des environnements supercritiques - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure de la teneur en humidité dans des environnements supercritiques

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Publication number
EP4143565A1
EP4143565A1 EP21722219.9A EP21722219A EP4143565A1 EP 4143565 A1 EP4143565 A1 EP 4143565A1 EP 21722219 A EP21722219 A EP 21722219A EP 4143565 A1 EP4143565 A1 EP 4143565A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fluid
expanded
vessel
sample stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21722219.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tjerk Jan De Vries
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Folium Biosciences Europe BV
Original Assignee
Folium Biosciences Europe BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Folium Biosciences Europe BV filed Critical Folium Biosciences Europe BV
Publication of EP4143565A1 publication Critical patent/EP4143565A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G01N33/0016—Sample conditioning by regulating a physical variable, e.g. pressure or temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/004—CO or CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of measurement devices for moisture content in supercritical environments.
  • the moisture content plays an important role in drying, extraction, impregnation and reaction in liquid and supercritical C02.
  • Water can soften material, enhancing extraction and impregnation, and water is in some cases required to allow certain reactions in C02 to take place.
  • detection of the water level is important to monitor the drying process. It is important to accurately measure the moisture content of C02 in these different processes. Current measuring solutions lack the accuracy, especially over time, to measure the water content. This may negatively impact the quality of the product and/or make the process much less efficient.
  • XP085178320, ISSN: 1876-6102, DOI: 10.1016/J.EGYPR0.2017.03.1807 ‘section 2., in particular 2.3 * disclose that the water concentration in gases may be measured with a water analyser by reducing the pressure from 95 bar to 2 bar in a venting line.
  • a disadvantage of the disclosed measurement method is that the water concentration may be such that not all the water solved is not dissolved in the gases.
  • An object of the invention is to mitigate the disadvantages as mentioned above.
  • a measurement device for measuring a ratio of (i) an amount of a first fluid in a supercritical state or liquid state and (ii) an amount of a second fluid in said first fluid, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid form a mixture, wherein the mixture is in a pressure vessel, wherein the pressure vessel has a vessel pressure and a vessel temperature, wherein the second fluid is water, and wherein the measurement device comprises: - a heater arranged for receiving a sample stream of the mixture, and for heating the sample stream to a set temperature;
  • a processor arranged for: receiving the humidity sensor value; adapting the set temperature for heating the sample stream to the adapted set temperature with the heater when the humidity sensor value is outside a humidity range having a minimum humidity value and a maximum humidity value; and calculating the ratio based on the humidity sensor value.
  • the pressure vessel is typically a pressure vessel keeping a particular process under pressure.
  • the amount of the first fluid in the vessel may be in a supercritical state or liquid state.
  • the amount of the first fluid may be an amount of carbon dioxide (C02).
  • the amount of the second liquid may be in a liquid state, in a gas state, or partly in a liquid state and partly in a gas state.
  • the amount of the second fluid may be an amount of water (H20).
  • the amount of the first fluid and the amount of the second fluid is kept as a mixture inside the pressure vessel.
  • the mixture may be accounting for the vessel pressure or may be accounting for a partial pressure of the vessel pressure. Apart from the mixture other materials and/or substances in fluid state may be present in the pressure vessel and may mix with the mixture for together accounting for the vessel pressure.
  • An opening leading away from the inside of the pressure vessel allows a sample stream to escape from the pressure vessel.
  • the sample stream comprises a sample of the mixture or mix. Via this opening the sample stream is led to a heater.
  • the heater may heat the sample stream to a set temperature. Depending on other settings, parameters and/or values, the sample stream is heated to a particular temperature, labelled the set temperature. The heater may also be switched off and allow the sample stream to flow through the heater not heated any further. In the latter case the temperature of the sample stream will be the vessel temperature.
  • the vessel temperature is the temperature of the mixture or mix inside the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure reducing element may be a pressure valve releasing the pressure in the sample stream.
  • the pressure reducing element may comprise an opening, such as a nozzle, narrow tube or through hole, leading downstream to a larger compartment for relieving the pressure via an adiabatic expansion of the sample stream.
  • the expanded sample stream has an expanded pressure and an expanded temperature.
  • the humidity sensor is arranged downstream of the pressure reducing element.
  • the humidity sensor measures a humidity in the expanded sample stream.
  • the humidity sensor provides a humidity sensor value representing the measured humidity.
  • the humidity sensor may measure humidity within a humidity range of 0% to 100%, but typically the humidity sensor has a narrower humidity range where the humidity sensor measures the humidity accurately.
  • the device further comprises a processor.
  • the processor is arranged such that the processor receives the information for calculating a ratio of an amount of a first fluid and an amount of a second fluid inside the pressure vessel. The calculation of the ratio is based on the humidity sensor value, more specific the humidity.
  • the processor is further arranged for adapting the set temperature of the heater.
  • the set temperature is set to such a value that the expanded sample stream, representing a sample of the mixture inside the pressure vessel, is inside the humidity range.
  • the humidity range is limited for example at 100% as above this value part of the expanded sample stream may solidify and/or liquify.
  • the humidity sensor may be used in a very specific or narrow range, the humidity sensor may advantageously be calibrated to a very high accuracy. This has the technical effect that the ratio may be measured with a high accuracy resulting in improved process control inside the pressure vessel. Alternatively, a comparable accuracy as in the prior art may be reached with a relatively simpler humidity sensor as the humidity sensor only has to be suitable to operate at the expanded pressure and not at the vessel pressure.
  • the humidity range is shrunk to a single operating point, wherein the set temperature is adapted such that the measured humidity is at or around the single operating point.
  • calculating the ratio is further advantageously based on a saturation vapor pressure value of the second fluid in the first fluid at the expanded pressure and/or at the expanded temperature.
  • the saturation vapor pressure at the humidity sensor typically depends on expanded pressure and expanded temperature.
  • the measurement device advantageously comprises a temperature sensor measuring the expanded temperature, preferably with high accuracy.
  • the measurement device advantageously comprises a pressure sensor measuring the expanded pressure, preferably with high accuracy.
  • the processor advantageously comprises a memory storing a table with saturation vapor pressure values at different temperatures and pressures.
  • the processor may apply an interpolation to the values on the table to get to a saturation vapor pressure with a higher accuracy at the measured expanded temperature and expanded pressure.
  • the expanded temperature and the expanded pressure may be provided to the measurement device.
  • the saturation vapor pressure value for the current expanded temperature and expanded pressure may be provided to the measurement device.
  • calculating the ratio is advantageously based on the formula a saturation vapor pressure value of the second fluid in the first fluid at the expanded pressure and at the expanded temperature multiplied with the humidity sensor value.
  • the SAT value is typically expressed as a saturated ratio of an amount of a first fluid and an amount of a second fluid.
  • the amount of the first fluid and the amount of the second fluid may be expressed in volume or in weight.
  • the SAT value is typically depending on the external pressure and the external temperature. As an example, when the first fluid is water and the second fluid is C02, the SAT value may be expressed as around 2.5g water / kg C02 at 0°C and ambient pressure.
  • the processor is arranged for receiving the vessel pressure from a pressure sensor arranged for measuring the pressure of the mixture or the mix in the pressure vessel.
  • the vessel pressure may advantageously add to the control over the process inside the pressure vessel.
  • the vessel pressure may advantageously be monitored to preferably keep the vessel pressure stable to increase the accuracy of the ratio measurement.
  • the vessel temperature may advantageously add to the control over the process inside the pressure vessel.
  • the vessel temperature may advantageously be monitored to preferably keep the vessel temperature stable to increase the accuracy of the ratio measurement.
  • the measurement device comprises a memory, wherein the memory is preprogramed with a table defining the saturation vapor pressure value for a plurality of temperatures and/or a plurality of pressures.
  • the expanded pressure is the ambient pressure or constant pressure. In this embodiment only different saturation vapor pressure values at ambient pressure or constant pressure have to be provided.
  • the saturation vapor pressure value is calculated based on several sensor values.
  • the saturation vapor pressure value is provided by an external source. The external source then bases the saturation vapor pressure value on the expanded temperature and expanded pressure.
  • the first fluid is carbon dioxide. Carbo dioxide may advantageously be applied in drying applications. Other applications and other first fluids are envisaged by the inventor.
  • the second fluid is water. Water may advantageously be applied in drying applications. Especially the water level or water content or humidity should be monitored and/or controlled during drying applications. Other applications and other second fluids are envisaged by the inventor.
  • the measurement device is arranged for measuring and/or operating with vessel pressures in a range of 20 to 1000 bar, preferably 40 to 500 bar, most preferably 50 to 300 bar.
  • the pressure vessel range is advantageously selected for use in e.g. drying applications, impregnation applications, and/or extraction applications.
  • the measurement device is arranged for measuring and/or operating with vessel temperatures in a range of -20 to 160 °C, preferably -10 to 140 °C, most preferably 0 to 130 °C.
  • the vessel temperature range is advantageously selected for use in e.g. drying applications, impregnation applications, and/or extraction applications.
  • the measurement device is arranged for operating with an expanded pressure below 50 bar, preferably below 20 bar, more preferably below 10 bar, more preferably below 5 bar, even more preferably below 2 bar, most preferably substantially ambient pressure.
  • the expanded pressure may advantageously be selected inside the expanded pressure range for simplifying and/or easing design constraints of the measurement device.
  • the expanded pressure may advantageously be selected at ambient pressure to simplify the measurement device.
  • the expanded pressure may advantageously be selected at ambient pressure to simplify the selection of the saturation vapor pressure value and thus eliminate an additional variable to measure and/or control.
  • calculating the ratio is further based on the set temperature, the vessel pressure, the vessel temperature, the expanded pressure, the expanded temperature, and/or a saturation vapor pressure value of the second fluid in the first fluid at the expanded pressure and/or at the expanded temperature.
  • a humidity sensor value represents a humidity in an expanded sample stream having an expanded pressure and an expanded temperature
  • a pressure reducing element is provided upstream of the humidity sensor for adiabatic expansion of a sample stream
  • a heater is arranged upstream of the pressure reducing element for heating the unheated sample stream sampling the mixture in the pressure vessel to a set temperature
  • a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code being configured such that, on execution by a suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor is caused to perform any of the computer implemented methods, especially the preceding computer implemented method.
  • the advantages of this computer program product are described throughout the description, especially also for the measurement device. This computer program product may advantageously further be combined with any other feature of an embodiment described in this description to provide the benefits specified with this other feature.
  • a measurement device for measuring a ratio of (i) an amount of a first fluid in a supercritical state or liquid state and (ii) an amount of a second fluid in said first fluid, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid form a mixture, wherein the mixture is in a pressure vessel, wherein the pressure vessel has a vessel pressure and a vessel temperature, and wherein the measurement device comprises:
  • the conditions in the pressure vessel are advantageously maintained such that the there is no need for adapting the set temperature, because the conditions make sure that the expanded sample stream has a humidity within the humidity range.
  • the measurement device is advantageously combined with any other feature in the description providing the advantageous effects described for these combinations.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a system comprising an application, and a measurement device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a method according to the invention
  • Figure 3 schematically shows an embodiment of a computer program product, computer readable medium and/or non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a system comprising an application 10, and a measurement device 100 according to the invention.
  • the application may comprise a pressure vessel 15.
  • the pressure vessel may be an enclosed vessel.
  • the application may be a drying application.
  • the application may alternatively be an application for softening materials, enhancing extraction and impregnation.
  • the application may be involving the use of a fluid, such as water, brought into another material or substance, or extracted from another material or substance.
  • the quality of the application may be influenced or determined, most likely highly determined, by the moisture level content in the application, especially over time.
  • the duration for the application to provide a specified level of impregnation and/or extraction to the product may advantageously be positively influenced by employing the current measurement device for monitoring and/or measuring the ratio in the application.
  • the measurement device provides a means for monitoring the composition of the mixture by measuring the ratio and thus for monitoring the application.
  • the ratio is between (i) an amount of a first fluid and (ii) an amount of a second fluid.
  • the amount of the first fluid may in the pressure vessel be in a supercritical state or liquid state.
  • the amount of the second fluid may be in the pressure vessel in a liquid state, in a gas state, or partly in a of a liquid state and partly in a gas state.
  • the first fluid and the second fluid form a mixture inside the pressure vessel.
  • the mixture may be part of a mix inside the pressure vessel, wherein the mix comprises additional fluids or substances, specifically traces of additional fluids or substances.
  • the application may comprise an opening 20 in the pressure vessel.
  • the opening is arranged for allowing a sample stream of the mixture and/or mix escape from the pressure vessel.
  • the measurement device may comprise a heater 110 and a tube 105 leading the sample stream from the opening of the pressure vessel to the heater.
  • the heater is arranged for receiving the sample stream of the mixture.
  • the heater is further arranged for heating the sample stream to a set temperature.
  • the opening in the pressure vessel allows the sample stream to flow directly towards a pressure reducing element 120.
  • This embodiment requires the conditions inside the pressure vessel to be such that heating is not necessary for the measurement device to function, more specifically for the first fluid and/or the second fluid in the expanded sample stream not to solidify and/or the second fluid in the expanded sample stream not to be completely in a liquid state.
  • the measurement device comprises a pressure reducing element 120 and may comprise a tube 115 leading the heated sample stream from the heater to the pressure reducing element or in the alternative embodiment described above directly from the pressure vessel to the pressure reducing element.
  • the pressure reducing element may be a pressure reducing valve, or an opening, such as a nozzle with a larger chamber behind the opening or nozzle allowing the sample stream to expand to an expanded pressure.
  • the pressure reducing element may be regulated or controlled. Alternatively, the pressure reducing element may be unregulated or uncontrolled.
  • the measurement device comprises a relative humidity sensor 130 and may comprise a tube 125 leading the expanded sample stream from the pressure reducing element to the relative humidity sensor.
  • the relative humidity sensor may be a relatively simple sensor, such as a relative humidity sensor as the relative humidity sensor may operate at a reduced pressure compared to the pressure of the pressure vessel.
  • the measurement device may further comprise a tube leading the measured sample stream away from the relative humidity sensor to a vent opening 140.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a method 200 according to the invention.
  • the method is for measuring a ratio of (i) an amount of a first fluid in a supercritical state or liquid state and (ii) an amount of a second fluid in said first fluid.
  • the first fluid and the second fluid form a mixture.
  • the mixture is in a pressure vessel, wherein the pressure vessel has a vessel pressure and a vessel temperature.
  • the method starts with receiving 210 a sample stream sampling the mixture in the pressure vessel.
  • the method optionally continuous with heating 215 the received sample stream to a set temperature.
  • the method continuous with adiabatically expanding 220 the heated sample stream, wherein the expanded sample stream has an expanded pressure and an expanded temperature.
  • the method continuous with measuring 225 a humidity value of the expanded sample stream represented as a humidity sensor value.
  • the method optionally continuous with adapting 230 the set temperature when the humidity sensor value and/or the humidity is outside a humidity range having a minimum humidity value and a maximum humidity value.
  • the method continuous with calculating 235 the ratio based on the humidity sensor value. Multiple steps in the method may be performed in parallel, preferably all steps are performed in parallel, more preferably the steps in the method are performed continuously in parallel.
  • the other methods in the claims and specified in the summary may be derived from the preceding method description.
  • a pressure vessel of 5 litre is filled with 3.00g of water as a second fluid and pressurized to 100 bar with C02 as a first fluid at a temperature of 40°C.
  • the heater heats the sample stream to 88°C.
  • the heated sample stream is expanded via a metering valve to ambient pressure as expanded pressure.
  • the expanded sample stream is passed over or through a relative humidity sensor. The relative humidity measured is 38% at 0°C.
  • the amount of water would be 2.5g water/kg C02, therefore the ratio or the amount of water in the C02 is 0.95g water/kg C02.
  • a pressure vessel of 5 litre is filled with 0.10g of water as a second fluid and pressurized to 100 bar with C02 as a first fluid at a temperature of 40°C.
  • the heater heats the sample stream to 88°C.
  • the heated sample stream is expanded via a metering valve to ambient pressure as expanded pressure.
  • the expanded sample stream is passed over or through a relative humidity sensor.
  • the relative humidity measured is below 5% at 0°C. As the relative humidity is below 5%, this is typically outside the humidity range or calibrated range of the relative humidity sensor. Thus, an appropriate or accurate ratio cannot be calculated.
  • a pressure vessel of 5 litre is filled with 0.10g of water as a second fluid and pressurized to 100 bar with C02 as a first fluid at a temperature of 40°C.
  • the heater heats the sample stream to 75°C.
  • the heated sample stream is expanded via a metering valve to ambient pressure as expanded pressure.
  • the expanded sample stream is passed over or through a relative humidity sensor.
  • the relative humidity measured is 15% at -29°C. At 100% relative humidity at -29°C and ambient pressure, the amount of water would be 0.22g water/kg C02, therefore the ratio or the amount of water in the C02 is 0.033g water/kg C02.
  • the conditions of the pressure vessel in combination with the settings of the measurement device should be selected such that the first fluid in the expanded mixture is at least partly dissolved in the second fluid, wherein the first fluid is at least partly, preferably substantially completely, more preferably completely, in a gas state, and the second fluid in the expanded mixture is at least partly, preferably substantially completely, more preferably completely, in the gas state, and preferably the ratio is within a humidity range of the relative humidity sensor.
  • the first fluid is selected to be water, it should be prevented that ice forms over or around the relative humidity sensor.
  • the second fluid is selected to be C02, it should be prevented that dry ice forms over or around the relative humidity sensor.
  • the application may involve the use of materials, such as waxes, fats or the like, which materials do not dissolve or are brought in a gas state during expansion. These materials may form particles and/or fumes potentially disrupting the measurement or even damaging the humidity sensor.
  • Humidity sensors used for this type of applications typically comprise protective means minimizing misreading of the humidity sensor and/or preventing damage from these materials to the humidity sensor.
  • the protective means may comprise a sintered metal candle filter and/or a plastic candle filter.
  • Alternative relative humidity sensors envisioned by the inventor and within the scope of the current invention are dew-point humidity sensors, chilled mirrors humidity sensors, optical humidity sensors, or resistance based absolute moisture sensors.
  • the saturation vapour pressure may be predefined available in a memory or storage in the measurement device or method.
  • the saturation vapour pressure may be provided to the measurement device or method.
  • the saturation vapour pressure may be calculated or derived from other parameters available or made available to the system.
  • the saturation vapour pressure may be calculated by interpolating or extrapolating known saturation vapour pressures at preferable slightly different condition, such as expanded temperature and expanded pressure.
  • the measurement device may comprise an expanded temperature sensor and/or expanded pressure sensor for measuring respectively the expanded temperature and/or the expanded pressure.
  • the mixture may be filling the pressure vessel together with the solid or fluid material of the application.
  • the mixture may be part of a mix filling the pressure vessel together with the solid or fluid material of the application or any other substance, such as traces of other substances. In this last case the mixture provides a partial pressure in the pressure vessel and the mix comprising the mixture provides the pressure in the pressure vessel.
  • the humidity range may be the calibration range of the relative humidity sensor.
  • the humidity range may have a maximum relative humidity.
  • the humidity range may have a minimum relative humidity.
  • the humidity range may have a maximum relative humidity and a minimum relative humidity.
  • Figure 3 schematically shows an embodiment of a computer program product 1000, computer readable medium 1010 and/or non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to the invention comprising computer readable code 1020.
  • substantially herein, such as in “substantially all emission” or in “substantially consists”, will be understood by the person skilled in the art.
  • the term “substantially” may also include embodiments with “entirely”, “completely”, “all”, etc. Hence, in embodiments the adjective substantially may also be removed.
  • the term “substantially” may also relate to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, especially 99% or higher, even more especially 99.5% or higher, including 100%.
  • the term “comprise” includes also embodiments wherein the term “comprises” means “consists of.
  • the term “functionally” is intended to cover variations in the feature to which it refers, and which variations are such that in the functional use of the feature, possibly in combination with other features it relates to in the invention, that combination of features is able to operate or function. For instance, if an antenna is functionally coupled or functionally connected to a communication device, received electromagnetic signals that are receives by the antenna can be used by the communication device.
  • the word “functionally” as for instance used in “functionally parallel” is used to cover exactly parallel, but also the embodiments that are covered by the word “substantially” explained above.
  • “functionally parallel” relates to embodiments that in operation function as if the parts are for instance parallel. This covers embodiments for which it is clear to a skilled person that it operates within its intended field of use as if it were parallel.
  • the invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer.
  • device or apparatus claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
  • the mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
  • the invention further applies to an apparatus or device comprising one or more of the characterising features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings.
  • the invention further pertains to a method or process comprising one or more of the characterising features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings.
  • the invention also applies to computer programs, particularly computer programs on or in a carrier, adapted to put the invention into practice.
  • the program may be in the form of a source code, a code intermediate source and an object code such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form suitable for use in the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • a program may have many different architectural designs.
  • a program code implementing the functionality of the method or system according to the invention may be sub-divided into one or more sub-routines. Many different ways of distributing the functionality among these sub-routines will be apparent to the skilled person.
  • the sub-routines may be stored together in one executable file to form a self-contained program.
  • Such an executable file may comprise computer-executable instructions, for example, processor instructions and/or interpreter instructions (e.g. Java interpreter instructions).
  • one or more or all of the sub-routines may be stored in at least one external library file and linked with a main program either statically or dynamically, e.g. at run-time.
  • the main program contains at least one call to at least one of the sub-routines.
  • the sub-routines may also comprise function calls to each other.
  • An embodiment relating to a computer program product comprises computer-executable instructions corresponding to each processing stage of at least one of the methods set forth herein. These instructions may be sub divided into sub-routines and/or stored in one or more files that may be linked statically or dynamically.
  • Another embodiment relating to a computer program product comprises computer-executable instructions corresponding to each means of at least one of the systems and/or products set forth herein. These instructions may be sub divided into sub-routines and/or stored in one or more files that may be linked statically or dynamically.
  • the carrier of a computer program may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program.
  • the carrier may include a data storage, such as a ROM, for example, a CD ROM or a semiconductor ROM, or a magnetic recording medium, for example, a hard disk.
  • the carrier may be a transmissible carrier such as an electric or optical signal, which may be conveyed via electric or optical cable or by radio or other means.
  • the carrier may be constituted by such a cable or other device or means.
  • the carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is embedded, the integrated circuit being adapted to perform, or used in the performance of, the relevant method.

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Abstract

La teneur en humidité joue un rôle important dans le séchage, l'extraction, l'imprégnation et la réaction du CO2 liquide et supercritique. Les solutions de mesure actuelles manquent de précision, en particulier dans le temps, pour mesurer la teneur en eau. Ceci peut affecter négativement la qualité du produit et/ou rendre le procédé beaucoup moins efficace. L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure permettant de mesurer un rapport entre (i) une quantité d'un premier fluide dans un état supercritique ou un état liquide et (ii) une quantité d'un second fluide dans ledit premier fluide, le premier fluide et le second fluide formant un mélange, le mélange se trouvant dans un récipient sous pression, le récipient sous pression présentant une pression de récipient et une température de récipient, le second fluide étant de l'eau, et le dispositif de mesure comprenant : un dispositif de chauffage agencé pour recevoir un flux d'échantillon du mélange, et pour chauffer le flux d'échantillon à une température définie ; un élément de réduction de pression disposé en aval du dispositif de chauffage destiné à un développement adiabatique du flux d'échantillon, le flux d'échantillon développé présentant une pression développée et une température développée ; un capteur d'humidité disposé en aval de l'élément de réduction de pression fournissant une valeur de capteur d'humidité représentant une humidité dans le flux d'échantillon développé ; et un processeur agencé pour : recevoir la valeur de capteur d'humidité ; adapter la température de consigne afin de chauffer le flux d'échantillon à la température de consigne adaptée à l'aide du dispositif de chauffage lorsque la valeur de capteur d'humidité est à l'extérieur d'une plage d'humidité présentant une valeur d'humidité minimale et une valeur d'humidité maximale ; et calculer le rapport en fonction de la valeur de capteur d'humidité.
EP21722219.9A 2020-04-29 2021-04-29 Dispositif de mesure de la teneur en humidité dans des environnements supercritiques Pending EP4143565A1 (fr)

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CN1643376A (zh) * 2002-01-22 2005-07-20 普莱克斯技术有限公司 分析二氧化碳中杂质的方法
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