Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
  • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
  • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
  • G01N21/9009—Non-optical constructional details affecting optical inspection, e.g. cleaning mechanisms for optical parts, vibration reduction
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
  • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
  • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
  • G01N21/9036—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents using arrays of emitters or receivers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
  • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
  • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
  • G01N21/9045—Inspection of ornamented or stippled container walls

Definitions

• the object of the invention relates to the technical field of the observation and analysis of optical singularities carried by glass containers, such as bottles, jars and flasks.
• Patent application WO 2014/177814 describes a new technique making it possible to observe and analyze optical singularities carried on the surface or in the wall of a container, without rotating the container.
• optical singularities are designated restricted portions of a container or of its surface having properties different from those of their vicinity on or in the container.
• Optical singularities therefore designate portions of a container having optical properties different from those of their vicinity on or in the container.
• these optical singularities mainly have an abnormal refraction and / or reflection effect with respect to their neighborhood.
• Refracting and / or reflective defects, codes or even blazon-type decorations marked on the surface of the receptacles are therefore optical singularities which deflect light in a different manner from their vicinity either in transmission (diopters) or in specular reflection.
• This patent application describes a device comprising a diffuse light source positioned to illuminate the outside of the container and having a variation of a property of light in a direction of variation.
• This device comprises a series of image acquisition devices placed around the travel path of the containers in order to observe each container in several views making it possible to observe all or part of its periphery.
• these image acquisition devices are cameras fitted with their lens. These views are processed in order to analyze the optical singularities.
• the focusing via the adjustment of the objectives of the cameras is carried out for a determined diameter of the containers observed. Also, when the diameter of the observed containers changes, it is necessary to focus all of the cameras. This focusing requires access to each of the cameras in order to adjust the camera lenses.
• the containers are caused to scroll in translation in front of the cameras generally using a conveyor on which the containers are placed in a random orientation with respect to their direction of translation. It follows that the optical singularities which are to be observed are carried on the surface or in the wall of the receptacles, so that these optical singularities are able to be present anywhere on the periphery of the receptacles. It appears necessary for the cameras to be able to observe the entire periphery of the containers while allowing the containers to scroll past the cameras.
• top mirrors, focusing lenses and photodiodes arrays of inspection systems are carried by a common holder which is mounted to move vertically, so that the the working distance between the bottle and the lens can be changed easily. , thus making it possible to make the magnification of the lens appropriate to the height of the bottle.
• the working distance is changed and a focus adjustment is performed using, for example, a helical lens focusing adjustment system.
• the object of the invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the prior techniques by proposing a new configuration of an installation designed to allow positioning of optical systems with focusing distance such as the focusing operation optical systems is facilitated while allowing observation or illumination of the containers over its entire periphery.
• An object of the invention is to provide an installation making it possible to identify an optical singularity carried by a section of containers, on the surface or in the wall of the containers having different diameters, without changing the focus when the diameter the edge of the containers changes.
• Another object of the invention is to provide an installation making it possible to identify an optical singularity carried by a section of containers, on the surface or in the wall of the containers having different diameters, without changing either the height dimension of the edge of the container observed or illuminated, nor the angle of observation or illumination when the diameter of the edge of the containers changes.
• Another object of the invention is to provide an installation making it possible to identify an optical singularity carried by a section of containers, on the surface or in the wall of the containers having different diameters, by adapting the height of the edge of container observed or illuminated regardless of the diameter of the containers.
• the object of the invention provides an installation for observing or illuminating a section of containers bearing optical singularities on the surface or in the wall, the containers moving in translation and each having an axis of revolution , the installation comprising optical systems each with a working volume located at a working distance and each having an optical path to the edge of the container included in the working volume of the optical system.
• the installation comprises:
• fallback optical paths located between the return optical devices and the optical systems and corresponding to the adjustment portion of the optical paths;
• At least one drive device ensuring, when the containers have a wafer with a second diameter different from the first diameter, the synchronous translational movement of the optical systems in a direction parallel to the adjustment portion of their respective optical paths and according to the difference between the first and the second diameter so that the optical systems keep their respective working distances invariable and that their respective working volumes are each in coincidence with a part of said container wafer having the second diameter.
• Such an installation makes it possible to easily adjust the focus of the optical systems at each change in diameter of the containers.
• Such an installation also takes advantage of the space saving offered by the folding of the optical path with the aid of optical return devices to make all the folded portions of the optical paths parallel after reflection on these optical return devices.
• the adjustment portions of the optical paths of the optical systems are mutually parallel and correspond to the same serial number of the portion of the optical paths.
• each optical system has a folded optical path contained in a radial plane containing the axis of revolution.
• the installation comprises a system for moving optical systems and optical return devices in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution of the containers to adjust the height position of the edges of the containers. observed or illuminated by optical systems.
• the drive device comprises a common frame supporting the optical systems which have adjustment portions of the respective optical path parallel to each other and to the direction of movement of this frame, the common frame being driven in translation by at least one actuator.
• the drive device comprises optical mechanical assemblies each composed of an optical system associated with its optical return device and an individual guidance system ensuring only a relative translation along the path fallback optics, between the optical system and the associated optical return device, the optical systems being supported by at least one common first frame while the return optical devices are supported by at least one second common frame, at least one first and second common frames being driven in translation by at least one actuator.
• the optical systems are supported by two first common frames arranged on either side of a translational travel path for the containers, while the optical return devices are supported by two second common frames arranged in on either side of the scrolling path, the first common frames and the second common frames being arranged in a superimposed position.
• each mechanical-optical assembly is equipped with removable fixing systems on the first common frame and the second common frame, the first common frame and the second common frame comprising adaptation equipment ensuring the assembly of the mechanical assemblies. -optics in predefined positions distributed in azimuth around the axis of revolution.
• the installation comprises, as adaptation equipment, on the one hand, a circular arc rail fixed on one of the common frames with which the rollers carried by each set cooperate. mechano-optics.
• the installation comprises systems for locking in a fixed position of each mechanical-optical assembly, in the predefined positions distributed in an arc of a circle on the first common frame and on the second common frame.
• the common frames are mounted on a carrier frame mounted to move in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution of the containers.
• the optical systems are optical image acquisition systems each comprising at least one camera and at least one lens, and connected to at least one processing unit of images.
• the installation comprises a light source consisting of light half-sources arranged on either side of the translational travel path for the containers, the half-light sources preferably being adjustable in relative spacing and / or in height parallel to the axis of revolution.
• the installation comprises cameras positioned to observe the entire periphery of the containers while allowing the containers to scroll past the cameras.
• the object of the invention provides an installation according to which the optical image acquisition systems comprise at least twelve cameras distributed so that the twelve projections of the optical paths direct lines located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution, have with respect to the direction of travel, azimuth angles respectively between [15 °; 30 °], [50 °; 60 °], [60 °; 75 °], [105 °; 120 °], [120 °; 130 °], [150 °; 165 °], [195 °; 210 °], [230 °; 240 °], [240 °; 255 °], [285 °; 300 °], [300 °; 310 °],
• Another object of the invention relates to an adjustment method for optical systems each with a working volume located at a working distance and each having an optical path to the edge of the container included in the working volume of the optical system, observing or illuminating a section of containers bearing optical singularities on the surface or in the wall, each having an axis of revolution and moving in translation, the method consisting of:
• optical systems which, for containers having a wafer with a first diameter, have their respective working volumes each coinciding with a part of said wafer having this first diameter, each of these working volumes being at a distance working which is fixed and remains invariable, the optical systems each having an optical path composed of at least one adjustment portion;
• the optical systems are distributed in azimuth according to the diameter of the edge of the containers.
• the number of optical systems is chosen as a function of the diameter of the edge of the containers.
• the method consists after each phase of adjustment of the optical systems and in an image acquisition phase and for each container moving in translation;
• Figure 1 is a top view of an embodiment of an installation according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a perspective view taken substantially along the lines II-II of FIG. 1.
• Figure 3 is a schematic elevational view illustrating a preferred embodiment of an installation suitable for observing the edge of containers having a reference diameter.
• FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 illustrating an installation suitable for observing the edge of containers having a diameter greater than the reference diameter.
• Figure 5 is a detail view illustrating the development of optical systems on containers.
• Figure 6 is a schematic elevational view showing another exemplary configuration of an installation according to the invention.
• Figures 7A, 7B and 7C are schematic views illustrating various configurations of the adjustment portions of the optical paths. being established respectively along the generatrices of a cylinder, along the outer surface of a truncated cone and in a helix.
• Figure 8A is a schematic view illustrating the principle of movement of optical systems when the selected adjustment portion is the third portion of the optical path.
• Figure 8B is a schematic view illustrating the principle of movement of optical systems when the selected adjustment portion is the second portion of the optical path.
• Figure 8C is a schematic view illustrating the principle of movement of optical systems when the selected adjustment portion is the first portion of the optical path.
• the object of the invention relates to an installation 1 for observing or illuminating a glass container 2 having an axis of revolution S.
• the container 2 is brought to scroll along a curvilinear path or more simply still in translation in a running direction represented by the arrow f so as to be able to be observed by the installation 1.
• the containers 2 are moved for example using a conveyor 3, to scroll successively in front of the installation 1 which generally has a fixed frame 4 provided with means for observing or illuminating the receptacles 2.
• the installation 1 thus comprises at least two optical systems 6i, 6 2 , ... designated by the generic reference 6i in the remainder of the description and which within the meaning of the invention each comprise a working distance.
• the working distance of optical systems 6i is the distance separating them from their working volume Vt in the direction of observation or illumination.
• the working volume Vt is a volume at a distance from the optical systems 6i in which part of the section of the container observed or illuminated must be placed in order for the observation or the lighting to be optimum.
• their working distance is the distance from a volume in which an observed container has a clear image.
• the working volume Vt corresponds to the depth of field area Pf and the working distance is close to the focusing or conjugation distance.
• Such optical systems 6i include at least one optical device for conjugation between an object point and an image point.
• the working distance of 6i optical systems can be fixed or adjustable.
• the optical systems 6i are optical image acquisition systems each comprising a camera 7i and at least one lens 8i with or without focus adjustment.
• the optical systems 6i are lighting systems of the projector type comprising at least one optical conjugation device making it possible to project a light pattern at a determined distance.
• the lighting is optimum at a certain working distance, since their optical conjugation device combines a light source with the container to be illuminated.
• An installation 1 in accordance with the invention is particularly suitable for observing optical singularities carried on the surface or in the wall of the receptacles 2.
• optical singularities provision may be made to observe and analyze a code engraved, for example by laser or a coat of arms or a decoration made by molding.
• the optical singularities are defects which must be detected.
• the installation 1 is suitable for observing optical singularities carried by the different parts of the receptacles, such as the neck, the rim or the shoulder for example.
• the installation 1 comprises a light source 9 to illuminate the outside of the container 3 and in particular the outside surface of the container to be observed and capable of containing optical singularities.
• these cameras 7i are connected to at least one image processing adapted to analyze the images taken to at least identify an optical singularity present or carried by the containers.
• the installation 1 can include, as optical systems 6i, lighting systems with an optical conjugation device.
• optical systems 6i lighting systems with an optical conjugation device.
• Such an installation 1 makes it possible to illuminate containers from several light sources. The reader will easily transpose to the lighting of the receptacles the following description in relation to the observation of the receptacles using cameras 7i equipped with Si objectives.
• the installation 1 is suitable for observing with the aid of at least two cameras 7i, all or part of a section t of the containers 2 moving in translation (FIG. 2).
• This section t to be inspected of the receptacles corresponds to the part of the receptacles bearing the optical singularities on the surface or in the wall.
• the section t to be inspected of a container corresponds to the periphery or to the outer part of a container extending in an azimuth plane A perpendicular to the axis of revolution S, namely a plane parallel to the conveying plane of the containers defined by the conveyor 3.
• This portion t to be inspected of the container extends along a determined height taken along the axis of revolution S and limited with respect to the height of the container.
• the height dimension of the section t to be inspected taken along the axis of symmetry S of the receptacles, corresponding to the height of a Datamatrix code to be observed, the code measuring for example 1 cm x 1 cm of sides, the height of the slice t will be 1 cm, increased by a tolerance margin, for example the inspected slice is 2 cm high.
• the section t to be inspected of the receptacles is designated in the remainder of the description by the section of the receptacles.
• the edge t can correspond for example to the neck or to the ring of the container, and represent 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 or l / 10 th of its height. total.
• the cameras 7i are positioned to observe different parts of the edge of the containers, with or without the presence of an overlap between the parts observed.
• the number and arrangement of the cameras 7i allow either only partial observation of the periphery of the edge of a container, or, preferably, full observation of the edge of the container. that is to say of the entire periphery of a portion of the container.
• the installation 1 is particularly suitable for observing the entire periphery of a section of the receptacles such as a section of the neck bearing optical singularities to be observed.
• a camera 7i each comprising a linear or matrix image sensor and its lens 8i which define an optical axis which substantially corresponds to the axis of revolution of the lens, and connects the sensor to the observed region.
• the observed region is sized according to two directions corresponding to the two directions of a plane image, depending on the working distance, the magnification and the dimension of the plane image, or the dimension of the image sensor or the region used of the image sensor, ie the field of observation.
• the working volume Vt of each optical system 6i has a third dimension in the viewing direction, which corresponds to the depth of field Pf of the optical system.
• the depth of field Pf is a known concept, it depends on the objective, the sensor, and the need for resolution of the images according to the purpose of measurement, reading or inspection.
• each optical system 6i is connected to its working volume Vt by an optical path Li, and the length of the optical path Li is the working distance of the optical system 6i.
• the optical path Li if it is direct, is directed in the direction of observation.
• the path Li is carried by the optical axis, which is generally centered on the objective.
• the object of the invention can of course be adapted to the case where the direction of observation is not strictly the optical axis, for example if one is interested in an image portion which is not centered on the optical axis. There may therefore be a small difference between optical axis and optical path under such observation conditions.
• each camera 7i equipped with its lens 8i comprises an optical path to the container and directed towards the axis of revolution S to observe a portion of the edge of the containers, different from that observed by the other cameras.
• the optical path of each optical system 6i has one or more portions depending on the presence or absence of one or more optical return devices 10i arranged on the optical path between the container 2 and the camera.
• These optical return devices 10i include any optical component or set of optical components making it possible to change the average direction of a light beam without modifying the conjugation, while not preventing the transmission of an image and therefore the existence of an image. a focus distance.
• the optical deflection devices 10i are flat metal mirrors. It is conceivable to carry out the aliasing with other optical return systems, such as curved mirrors, prisms, semi-transparent plates or a combination of such systems.
• the portion of the optical path between the container 2 and the first optical return device encountered is called direct optical path Ldi while the other portions are called optical fallback paths Lri, with the addition of the index j linked to the reference of the optical return device when the number of optical return devices lOi on the optical path is greater than 1. Furthermore, a portion of the optical path of each optical system 6i is chosen to constitute a so-called adjustment portion denoted PR whose function will appear more clearly in the remainder of the description.
• each optical system 6i, 6 2 comprises a camera 7i, 7 2 , and an objective 8i, 8 2, while an optical return device 10i, 10 2 is interposed between the container 2 and each camera.
• the optical path L1, L2 (Fig. 3) or L'1, L'2 (Fig. 4) of each optical system 6i, 6 2 is broken down into two portions, namely on the one hand, a first portion corresponding to the direct optical path Ldi, Ld2 (Fig.
• FIG. 6 illustrates another variant embodiment in which an optical system 6 1 comprises a camera 7i equipped with its objective 8 1 , while a first optical return device 10u directly precedes the container 2 on the optical path and a second device optical return IO 21 is arranged between the objective 8 1 and the first optical device 10n return.
• the optical path L1 is broken down into three portions, namely, a first portion corresponding to the direct optical path Ldi located between the container 2 and the first optical return device 10n, a second portion corresponding to the fallback optical path Lrll considered between the first optical return device 10n and the second optical return device 10 2i and a third portion corresponding to the optical path Lrl2 between the second optical return device IO 21 and the camera 1 ⁇ .
• One of the three portions of the optical path corresponds to the adjustment portion PR for the optical system. The choice of the adjustment portion PR will be explained in the remainder of the description.
• the first portion of the optical path (or direct path) is considered between the container and the first optical return device encountered along the optical path while the last portion is considered between the optical system 6i and the device return optic directly preceding the optical system along the optical path.
• Each of these optical path portions is assigned a serial number which increases from the container to the camera, namely first portion, second portion, third portion, etc.
• the number of optical return devices arranged in the path of the light between the optical system and the container may be different from the illustrated examples implementing one or two optical return devices.
• each first portion of the optical path of the optical systems 6i is directed towards the axis of revolution S of the container extending in a radial plane containing the axis of revolution S.
• Each first portion of the optical path of optical systems 6i delimits with respect to the normal to the axis of revolution S, an angle alpha said of observation (or illumination for optical illumination systems).
• all the first portions of the optical paths of the optical systems 6i have angles alpha of identical values as illustrated in the Figures.
• the optical fallback paths of the optical systems 6i are contained in a radial plane containing the axis of revolution S. According to this variant, all the portions of the optical path of each optical system are contained in a radial plane containing the axis of revolution S.
• each optical system 6i is guided in translation in a direction of translation Ti parallel to the adjustment portion PR of its optical path.
• the frame 4 of the installation 1 comprises guide systems 13 ensuring the translational guidance of the optical systems 6i according to their direction of movement Ti.
• These guide systems 13 can be produced in any suitable manner using, for example, rails, columns, guides or slides.
• the guide systems 13 provide a sliding connection allowing only the translational movement of each optical system 6i relative to the frame 4 of the installation. This variant embodiment is particularly advantageous because of the implementation of optical return devices 10i as will be explained in detail in the remainder of the description.
• the installation 1 comprises a drive device 15 ensuring the synchronous translation of the systems. optics 6i, in a direction parallel to the adjustment portion PR of the optical path of each optical system 6i. It should be understood that the drive device 15 is adapted to move all the optical systems 6i together or simultaneously along a translational stroke. Each optical system 6i is moved in translation in a direction parallel to the adjustment portion PR of its respective optical path.
• the drive device 15 moves the optical systems 6i in translation along a determined stroke which is a function of the variation in the diameters of the edges of the containers.
• the use of optical systems 6i requires, in order to obtain a clear image, to take into account the optical path, that is to say the working distance between the optical system and the container 2.
• the installation 1 is required to observe containers with slices of different diameters.
• each working volume Vt of the optical systems 6i must each coincide with a part of said container edge having the first diameter, in order to obtain a sufficiently clear image.
• each working volume Vt of an optical system 6i must be in coincidence with a part of said container edge, considering that the working volumes of optical systems contain different parts of the container edge, with or without overlap.
• each working volume Vt of the optical systems is at a given working distance along its optical path.
• the working volumes Vt of the optical systems 6i must each be in coincidence with a part of said container section having the second diameter, to obtain a sufficiently sharp image.
• the working distance of each optical system which has been fixed for the observation (or illumination) of slices of containers having a first diameter remains invariable for the observation (or illumination) of slices of containers having a second diameter.
• the working distance of each optical system which is fixed for the observation (or the lighting) of slices of containers having a determined diameter is kept for the observation (or the lighting) of slices of. containers with a different diameter.
• At least one initial configuration phase is implemented for which all the optical systems 6i are adjusted to obtain a sufficiently clear image for containers having a wafer with a determined diameter.
• each lens 8i of each camera 7i is adjusted to have a clear image of the part of the edge of the containers to be observed.
• the working volume Vt of each optical system contains the part of the inspected wafer so that the part of the inspected wafer is at a fixed working distance along its optical path.
• the angle alpha a is fixed according to the desired viewing or lighting conditions. For example all the optical systems are placed to observe a container of diameter Dr as illustrated in FIG. 3.
• the initial phase of configuration consists in also adjusting the conjugation device, thus determining the focusing distance and therefore the working distance.
• the aiming point is generally placed beyond the tangent to the container, on a focusing plane Pm.
• This Fig. 5 shows the minimum depth of field Pf to be tolerated by the optical system 6i to which the tolerance on the position of the containers must be added.
• the working volume Vt includes the curved shape of the cylindrical wall of the container on which the code is placed.
• this initial configuration phase which corresponds either to the first assembly of the optical systems, or to an adjustment of commissioning or maintenance of the optical systems, can be carried out on the basis of a theoretical container of zero diameter Dr by positioning the optical systems with respect to a central axis Z of the installation.
• the optical paths and the working distances of the optical systems 6i are defined relative to the container, that is to say relative to the axis of revolution S of the container .
• this axis of revolution S corresponds to the central axis Z of the installation when the container occupies during its movement, a position for which its axis of revolution S coincides with the central axis Z of the installation.
• This initial configuration phase makes it possible, with the aid of the objectives of the optical systems 6i, to carry out an adjustment of the focusing distance for a section of containers having a determined diameter.
• all the optical systems 6i each have an optical path having a working length or distance which has a fixed given value.
• FIG. 3 illustrates by way of example an installation 1 comprising two optical systems 6i, 6 2 whose focusing, by each objective 7i, 7 2 is carried out to obtain a clear image of containers 2 having a wafer to be observed with a first diameter Dr.
• the optical systems 6i have at the end of the initial configuration phase, optical paths of given length which remains invariable even if the installation is made to observe the section of containers having a diameter different from the diameter used for adjustment.
• the same objectives 8i of the optical systems 6i are no longer used as focusing means for the observation of containers of different diameters.
• a phase of adjusting the installation and in particular the optical systems is carried out for the observation of such containers.
• the lengths of the optical paths of the optical systems 6i which were fixed during the initial phase of configuration of the installation are preserved.
• the objectives 8i of the optical systems 6i are not affected during each of the successive adjustment phases of the optical systems which are liable to intervene for sections of containers having different diameters.
• the adjustment of the installation is necessary when, due to a change in diameter of the section of the containers observed or illuminated, the respective working volumes are no longer each in coincidence with a part of said section. This obviously depends on the depth of field of the optical systems.
• containers are considered to have wafers of different diameters when the variation in diameter between two wafer diameters is greater than 10% of the depth of field of optical systems 6i.
• the drive device 15 is controlled to move in synchronous translation, the optical systems 6i in a direction parallel to the portion adjustment PR of each optical system and as a function of this difference between the first and the second diameter in order to maintain the length of the optical paths.
• the synchronous movement of the optical systems 6 makes it possible to carry out their adjustment simultaneously.
• the distance of the focusing plane Pm relative to the axis of revolution S of the container for all the optical systems 6i varies by a joint amount depending on the diameter of the edge of the container.
• This displacement course can also include the mode of observation of the receptacles, that is to say in transmission or in reflection. Indeed, the observation of the same diameter in transmission or in reflection may require focusing along strings of different depths to minimize the depth of field problems because the maximum observation incidence of a code in the case of an observation in reflection may be greater than that in the case of an observation in transmission.
• the angle alpha said observation keeps the same value when moving the optical systems 6i in order to keep the length of optical paths.
• maintaining the height of the edge observed along the axis of revolution S may require, at the same time as the adjustment by the translation of the optical systems along the adjustment portions PR, a vertical translation of the inspection device to keep the wafer in coincidence with the working volumes of the optical systems.
• the angle alpha said of observation or illumination is of zero value then the height of the wafer observed along the axis of revolution S can be maintained even if the diameter of the wafer of the containers changes.
• the height of the section observed along the axis of revolution S is modified by vertical translation of the inspection device when the diameter of the slice of the containers changes, to keep the slice in coincidence of the working volumes of the optical systems.
• the installation comprises a system for moving optical systems 6i and optical return devices lOi in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution S of the containers thus making it possible to adjust the position of the edges of containers 2 observed or illuminated by optical systems 6i.
• the optical systems 6i and the optical return devices 10i are mounted on the frame 4 by any known systems ensuring their movement in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution S of the containers.
• FIG. 4 illustrates the observation of a container 2 having a wafer to be observed with a diameter D'r greater compared to containers 2 having a wafer of diameter Dr illustrated in FIG. 3.
• the optical systems 6 i; 6 2 are moved with respect to their positions illustrated in FIG. 3, synchronously by the device 15 for driving a stroke which is a function of the difference in diameters (D'r-Dr).
• the lengths L'rl + L'dl and L'r2 + L'd2 of the optical paths of the optical systems 6i, 6 2 during the inspection of containers of diameter D'r is equal to the lengths respectively Lrl + Ldi and Lr2 + Ld2 of the optical paths of optical systems 6i, 6 2 when inspecting containers of reference diameter Dr.
• Lrl + Ldi L'rl + L'dl
• Lr2 + Ld2 L'r2 + L ' d2.
• the drive device 15 can be produced in different ways and depends in particular on the direction of the portion or portions of the optical path but also on the direction of the adjustment portions parallel to which the optical systems 6i are displaced.
• FIGS. 8A to 8C illustrate the different configurations of the drive device 15 as a function of the choice of the adjustment portion PR of the optical path.
• Fig. 8A illustrates a variant of for which the optical path L1 is broken down into three portions, namely a first portion corresponding to the direct optical path Ldi located between the container 2 and the first optical return device 10i, a second portion corresponding to the optical path of fallback Lrll considered between the first optical return device 10i and a second optical return device 10 2 and a third portion corresponding to the optical path Lrl2 between the second optical return device 10 2 and the optical system 6i.
• the third portion of the optical path is chosen as the adjustment portion PR for the optical system 6i.
• the displacement device 15 ensures the displacement of the optical system 6i, in a direction parallel to the third portion of the optical path optical system 6i.
• the displacement device 15 ensures the translation of the optical system 6i, in a direction parallel to this third portion and parallel to the axis of revolution S.
• the second portion of the optical path is chosen as the portion of PR setting for optical system 6i.
• the displacement device 15 ensures the displacement of the optical system 6i, together with the second optical deflection device IO 2 in a direction parallel to the second portion of the system optical path. optics 6 1 .
• the displacement device 15 ensures the displacement of the optical system 6 and of the second optical deflection device IO 2 in a direction not parallel to the axis of revolution S.
• the first portion of the optical path is chosen as the adjustment portion PR for the optical system 6 1 .
• the displacement device 15 ensures the displacement of the optical system 6 1 and of the first and second optical return devices 10i, IO 2 , in a direction parallel to the first portion of the optical path optical system 6 1 .
• the displacement device 15 ensures the displacement of the optical system 6 1 and of the first and second optical return devices 10i, 10 2 in a direction not parallel to the axis of revolution S.
• the second and last portion of the optical path will be chosen as the adjustment portion for the set of optical systems as illustrated in the examples illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6, in which only one optical deflection device is provided. It will be noted that in these situations, the adjustment is obtained by moving the optical systems 6i relative to the optical return devices 10i. According to a variant of the invention, provision is made for the possibility of moving either the optical systems or the optical return devices. It is also planned to move the assembly in order to position or maintain the wafer inspected or observed along the axis of revolution S.
• the adjustment portions PR of the optical paths of the optical systems 6i are mutually parallel and correspond to the same serial number of the portion of the optical path. Thereby, for example, the last portions of the optical paths are chosen as the adjustment portions for all the optical systems 6i. According to an advantageous embodiment characteristic, the adjustment portions PR of the optical paths of the optical systems 6i are all parallel to each other and to the axis of revolution S making it possible to obtain a saving in space for the installation and in simplicity for the device. displacement 15.
• the drive device 15 can be produced in different ways and depends in particular on the relative directions of the adjustment portions for optical systems.
• the optical systems 6i are positioned so that all the adjustment portions PR are mutually parallel.
• the displacement device 15 may comprise a common frame or an undeformable solid supporting the optical systems 6i. This frame can be driven in translation using at least one actuator, in a direction of displacement parallel to the adjustment portions PR allowing all the cameras to be simultaneously translated by the same distance relative to the axis of revolution of the container. , leading to the simultaneous development of 6i optical systems.
• the actuator can be unique.
• each optical system 6 lr 6 2 is moved in translation in a direction of translation T1 parallel to the optical fold-back paths Lrll and Lr2, located respectively between the first and the second optical return devices 10n and 10 2i and between the first optical return device 10i and the optical system 6 2 .
• the direction of movement of the common frame C forms an angle beta b with respect to the axis of revolution S.
• the preferred direction of folding of the optical path is thus parallel to the axis of revolution S which is vertical, ensuring a vertical translation of the 6i optical systems.
• all the optical systems 6i are supported by a common frame C and the adjustment portions PR are the second portions of the optical path which are all parallel to each other and to the axis of revolution S.
• the common frame C is moved in a direction of movement T1 which is parallel to the axis of revolution S and to each of the second portions of the optical path of the optical systems.
• the optical systems 6i are positioned so that all the adjustment portions PR are positioned on the outer surface of a cone.
• the optical systems 6 are positioned so that all the adjustment portions PR are positioned along segments of the same length connecting two parallel circles of the same diameter, ie hyperboloid.
• all the optical systems 6i can be attached to a non-deformable solid which is not moved in the same direction as the optical systems 6i. These optical systems 6i are guided in translation parallel to the adjustment portions PR, themselves not parallel to the axis of revolution S. The undeformable drive solid translates parallel to the axis of revolution S.
• the optical systems 6i can be positioned so that the adjustment portions are in different directions, with however a limited angle around a cylinder.
• the undeformable solid can be replaced by actuators such as towed cables or jacks which can easily provide synchronous translations to the optical systems 6i, each displaced in translation in a direction parallel to its adjustment portion.
• the installation 1 comprises a control system, not shown, making it possible to control the drive device 15 in such a way that the latter can move the optical systems 6i in synchronous translation along a determined stroke.
• This control system can be implemented in any suitable manner such as in the form of an automatic control or a manual control.
• Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment of an installation 1 implementing the characteristics of the invention, the principle of which is described in FIGS. 3 and 4.
• the installation 1 comprises optical systems 6i each having an optical path on which is placed a single optical return device 10i.
• Each optical path is thus broken down, as explained, into a direct optical path and a fallback optical path considered as the adjustment portion.
• All of the fold-back optical paths are mutually parallel and parallel to the axis of revolution S.
• the optical systems 6i are moved by the drive system 15 in a direction T1 parallel to the fold-back optical paths and to the axis of revolution. S.
• the optical systems 6i are distributed on either side of a path D of translational movement for the containers 2.
• the drive device 15 thus comprises two half-assemblies arranged on either side of the scrolling path D.
• the optical systems 6i are supported by a first common frame C1 while the optical return devices 10i are supported by a second common frame C2.
• Each first common frame C1 is made by a plate and each second common frame C2 is made by a plate.
• each first common frame C1 is arranged in a position of superposition relative to a second common frame C2.
• At least one actuator 21 provides a relative translation between the first common frame Cl and the second common frame C2 in the direction of movement Tl.
• the first common frame Cl and the second common frame C2 in the superimposed position are guided in translation by guide columns 23.
• Actuators 21 such as jacks or worm systems ensure the translation of each first common frame C1 relative to the second common frame C2 according to the direction of movement. Tl.
• the actuators 21 provide a translation of the first common frame C1 relative to the second common frame C2 which remains fixed relative to the first common frame.
• the optical systems 6i are supported by two half-assemblies arranged on either side of the path D of movement in translation for the containers 2. It should be noted that the installation may include a only half-set.
• the common frames C1, C2 are mounted on the supporting frame 4 so as to be movable in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution S of the containers.
• Such an assembly ensures the adaptation of the installation relative to the conveyor 3 making it possible to adjust the position of the observation zone of the optical systems.
• the observation half-assemblies are mounted on the frame 4 with the possibility of adjusting their relative spacing in a direction perpendicular to the running direction f. It is thus possible to adjust their relative spacing as a function of the diameter of the containers 2.
• the drive device 15 comprises mechanical-optical assemblies Mi each composed of an optical system 6i associated with its optical deflection device 10i and of an individual guidance system 25 providing only a relative translation along the optical fallback path, between the optical system 6i and the associated optical return device 10i.
• each mechanical-optical assembly Mi is equipped with removable fixing 26, 27 on the first common frame C1 and the second common frame C2.
• each mechanical-optical assembly Mi constitutes a unitary assembly which can be, thanks to the removable fixing systems 26, 27, mounted, moved or removed easily on the common frames.
• each individual guide system 25 of a mechanical-optical assembly Mi comprises, for example, a base 25a on which is fixed an optical return device 10i and from which rises a guide rod 25b on which is fixed. mounted a support 25c on which is fixed the optical system 6i and more precisely the camera 7i.
• the support 25c is slidably mounted on the guide rod 25b to provide only a translation relative to the base 25a along the optical path of the fold.
• the guide rod 25b comprises for example a groove extending parallel to its axis and cooperating with a stud carried by the sliding support 25c.
• each individual guidance system 25 of the mechanical-optical assemblies Mi can be produced in a different manner, in the form of rails for example.
• Each individual guidance system 25 makes it possible to maintain the direction of the optical path in a radial plane containing the axis of revolution despite the sliding movements along the folded optical path, of the optical system 6i relative to the optical deflection device 10i.
• each support 25c of the optical systems 6i is slidably moved by the first common frames Cl.
• each support 25c of the optical systems 6i is provided with a yoke 25d between the branches of which is inserted a first common frame Cl
• the supports 25c of the optical systems 6i are fixed on the first common frames C1 with the aid of the removable fixing systems 26 which can be produced in any suitable manner such as for example by screwing or as in the example illustrated, by a removable connection. by embedding.
• each support 25c of a mechanical-optical assembly Mi is provided with a locking pin 26 intended to be engaged in a complementary housing 28 provided in the first frames. common Cl. It should be noted that each mechanical-optical assembly Mi for which the camera is guided in translation, is mounted by a pivot link on the common frames C1 to avoid hyperstatic mounting by the linear guide between the first frame and the second chassis, by the guide columns 23.
• each base 25a of the optical return devices lOi are fixed to the second common frame C2 using removable fixing systems 27 which can be produced in any suitable manner such as for example by screwing or as in the example illustrated, by a removable connection by embedding.
• each base 25a of a mechanical-optical assembly Mi is provided with a locking pin 27 intended to be engaged in a complementary housing 29 provided in the second common frame C2.
• each housing 29 arranged in a second common frame C2 is produced in superposition relation with a housing 28 arranged in a first common frame C1 so that the individual guide systems 25 are mutually parallel and parallel to the guide columns 23.
• the housings 28, 29 are arranged on each common frame, in positions distributed evenly or not, according to an arc of a circle.
• each base 25a of a mechanical-optical assembly Mi is also provided with a pair of rollers 30 cooperating with a rail 31 in an arc of a circle fixed on each second common frame C2.
• Each base 25a can thus be positioned in a precise stable position while being able to be easily moved in the azimuth plane A.
• the first common frame C1 and the second common frame C2 comprise, via the rail 31, the locking pins 26, 27 and housings 28, 29, adaptation equipment ensuring the mounting of the mechanical-optical assemblies Mi in predefined positions distributed in azimuth around the axis of revolution S.
• This adaptation equipment thus comprises, on the one hand, a rail 31 in an arc of a circle fixed on a common frame with which rollers 30 carried by each assembly cooperate mechano-optics, and on the other hand, locking systems 26, 27 in a fixed position of each mechanical-optical assembly, in predefined positions distributed in an arc of a circle on the first common frame and on the second common frame.
• the optical image acquisition systems comprise at least twelve cameras 7i distributed so that the twelve projections of the direct optical paths located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the projection S, have with respect to the direction of travel f, azimuth angles respectively included in the angular intervals [15 °; 30 °], [50 °; 60 °], [60 °; 75 °], [105 °; 120 °], [120 °; 130 °],
• the installation 1 can include a different number of optical systems 6i.
• the number of optical systems 6i is chosen as a function of the diameter of the edge of the containers.
• the azimuth distribution of the optical systems 6i is a function of the diameter of the section of the receptacles considered, of the spacing between the sections of two consecutive receptacles and of the width of the angular sector of the section of the receptacle that can be inspected by each. optical system 6i as a function of the azimuth at which it would be placed.
• the width of the angular sector of the container edge that can be inspected by each optical system 6i as a function of the azimuth at which it would be placed itself depends on the choices of the modes of illumination and observation of the containers. For example, it generally differs depending on whether the container is observed in transmission or in reflection with a given light source.
• the initial configuration phase during which the working distances of each optical system is predefined may include a step during which each mechanical-optical assembly Mi is assembled, aligned and the working distances of the optical systems adjusted, positioning the volume working at a given distance from the optical return device for a given position of the optical systems along the guide rail, at a given distance from the optical return devices.
• a mechanical-optical assembly Mi can be added (mounted), removed (dismantled) or moved in the installation while maintaining a position of its working volume positioned on a slice of container of the same diameter as for the other mechanical-optical assemblies.
• the installation 1 comprises a light source made up of half-light sources 9 arranged on either side of the path D of travel in translation for the containers.
• each half-source 9 extends in an arc of a circle above the optical return devices 10i while being supported by a second frame C2.
• the half-light sources 9 are preferably adjustable in relative spacing and / or in height taken parallel to the axis of revolution S and relative to the second frame C2.
• Each half-light source 9 is mounted on slides 32 whose sliding direction is perpendicular to the running direction and / or on slides 33 whose sliding direction is parallel to the axis of revolution S.
• the light source has the characteristics of the source described in patent application WO 2014/177814.
• the object of the invention also relates to an adjustment method for optical systems 6i observing or illuminating a section of containers 2 moving in translation and each having an axis of revolution S.
• This process consists of:
• optical systems which, for receptacles 2 having a wafer with a first diameter, have their respective working volumes each coinciding with a part of said wafer having this first diameter, each of these working volumes being at a given working distance which is fixed and remains invariable, the optical systems each having an optical path composed of at least one adjustment portion PR;
• This method thus aims to carry out an initial phase of configuring the optical systems for a wafer of a container with a determined diameter, using the system for developing the optical systems. Each time the diameter of the edge of the receptacles is changed, a new phase of adjustment of the optical systems is carried out without using a system for modifying the focusing distance of the optical systems 6i.
• the optical systems 6i are distributed in azimuth as a function of the diameter of the edge of the containers.
• the number of optical systems 6i is chosen as a function of the diameter of the edge of the containers.
• the method consists of an image acquisition phase and for each container 2 moving in translation:
• the invention allows the observation of optical singularities located on slices of containers of different diameters.
• the invention allows the reading of identification codes engraved on the surface of the receptacles and placed either on the body or on the neck of diameter smaller than that of the body.
• the codes are positioned on the neck or on the body.
• the invention therefore enables an on-line reading device to adapt to any model of receptacle.
• the invention can advantageously be combined with patent application WO 2014/177814 to also adapt to dark or light glass tints.
• the acceptable container slice diameters are an interval [0min; 0max], which depends in particular on the working distances and the length of the adjustment portions PR.
• the invention has been described here by way of example for the observation of singularities on the surface of the containers, the optical systems 6i being observation systems, for example cameras, and the invention makes it possible to place the working volume of optical systems to contain the surface carrying the singularities. It was specified that in this particular case the working volume contains the object plane combined with the image sensor of the cameras, and that the object plane is possibly positioned slightly further than the surface carrying the singularities, in order to take into account the curvature of the cylindrical surface of the container at the location of the wafer inspected. It is of course easily possible to adapt the invention to observe the interior of the containers, by moving the inspection volume further away.
• the depth of field Pf of the conjugation systems which determine the working distance of the optical systems 6i perhaps more or less, for example between 1 mm and 2 cm, and therefore the volume of more or less deep work, this depth being its dimension in the direction of observation, therefore in the direction of the direct portion of the optical path U.
• This depth of field determines the precision with which the working volume must be positioned, and therefore the difference in diameter from which adjustment by means of the drive device is necessary.
• the object of the invention simplifies the positioning and adjustment of optical illumination systems with working distance for illuminating slices of containers of different diameters.

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• 2020
  • 2020-04-30 FR FR2004296A patent/FR3109820B1/fr active Active
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