Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
  • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
  • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
  • C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
  • C03C10/0018—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents
  • C03C10/0027—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents containing SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O as main constituents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
  • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
  • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
  • A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
  • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
  • A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B32/00—Thermal after-treatment of glass products not provided for in groups C03B19/00, C03B25/00 - C03B31/00 or C03B37/00, e.g. crystallisation, eliminating gas inclusions or other impurities; Hot-pressing vitrified, non-porous, shaped glass products
  • C03B32/02—Thermal crystallisation, e.g. for crystallising glass bodies into glass-ceramic articles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
  • C03C10/0009—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing silica as main constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
  • C03C4/0007—Compositions for glass with special properties for biologically-compatible glass
  • C03C4/0021—Compositions for glass with special properties for biologically-compatible glass for dental use
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
  • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
  • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
  • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties

Definitions

• the invention relates to lithium silicate glass ceramics, which are primarily suitable for use in dentistry and in particular for the production of dental restorations, and preliminary stages for the production of this glass ceramic.
• Lithium silicate glass ceramics are generally characterized by very good mechanical properties, which is why they have been used in the dental field for some time and there primarily for the production of dental crowns and small dental bridges.
• WO 95/32678 A2 describes lithium disilicate glass ceramics, which are processed into dental restorations by pressing in the viscous state.
• the use of a deformable crucible is absolutely necessary, which makes the processing very complex.
• EP 0 827 941 A1 and EP 0 916 625 A1 disclose lithium disilicate glass-ceramics which can be pressed or machined into the shape of the desired dental restoration.
• EP 1 505 041 A1 and the EP 1 688 398 A1 describe methods for the production of dental restorations from lithium disilicate glass ceramics.
• a glass ceramic is produced with lithium metasilicate as the main crystal phase, which can be processed mechanically, for example using CAD/CAM processes.
• This intermediate is then subjected to a further heat treatment to form the desired high strength lithium disilicate glass-ceramic.
• Lithium metasilicate glass-ceramics can generally be machined more easily and with less tool wear.
• the known lithium metasilicate glass ceramics can only be machined relatively slowly, for example using the grinding tools of conventional CAD/CAM machines. This is particularly problematic for the frequently requested treatment of a patient with a dental restoration in a single treatment session (so-called chairside treatment).
• lithium silicate glass-ceramics which, compared to the known lithium metasilicate glass-ceramics, can be machined more quickly and then converted into high-strength dental products which also exhibit high chemical resistance and excellent optical properties.
• lithium silicate glass ceramic according to claims 1 to 10 and 12. are the subject of the invention also the starting glass according to claims 11 and 12, the method according to claims 13 and 14, the use according to claims 15 to 17 and the method according to claim 18.
• the glass ceramic according to the invention combines a combination of very desirable mechanical and optical properties, such as are required for a restorative dental material.
• This glass-ceramic has low strength and toughness and accordingly can be easily and in a very short time machined into the shape of even complicated dental restorations, but after such machining can be made into a glass-ceramic product with excellent mechanical properties by means of heat treatment optical properties and very good chemical stability.
• main crystal phase refers to the crystal phase that has the highest proportion by mass of all the crystal phases present in the glass ceramic.
• the determination of the masses of the crystal phases is carried out in particular using the Rietveld method.
• a suitable method for quantitative analysis of the crystal phases using the Rietveld method is described, for example, in M. Dittmer's dissertation "Glasses and glass ceramics in the system MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 with ZrO 2 as nucleating agent", University of Jena 2011.
• the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention contains in particular 73.1 to 80.0% by weight and preferably 74.0 to 78.0% by weight SiO 2 .
• the glass ceramic contains 7.0 to 12.9 and preferably 8.0 to 12.0% by weight Li 2 O. It is assumed that Li 2 O lowers the viscosity of the glass matrix and thus promotes the crystallization of the desired phases.
• the glass ceramic contains 5.1 to 10.0 and preferably 5.5 to 7.0% by weight of further oxide of monovalent elements Me I 2 O, where Me I 2 O consists of Na 2 O, K 2 O , Rb 2 O, Cs 2 O and mixtures thereof and preferably K 2 O is selected.
• the glass ceramic particularly preferably contains at least one and in particular all of the following further oxides of monovalent elements Me I 2 O in the specified amounts: component wt% Well 2 O 0 to 2.0 K2O 0 to 10.0 Rb 2 O 0 to 13.0 Cs2O 0 to 13.0.
• the glass ceramic according to the invention contains 2.0 to 10.0, preferably 5.1 to 9.0 and particularly preferably 5.5 to 7.0% by weight of K 2 O.
• the glass ceramic contains 4.0 to 7.0 and preferably 5.1 to 6.5% by weight Al 2 O 3 .
• the glass ceramic contains 1.0 to 4.0% by weight, preferably 1.2 to 2.6% by weight and particularly preferably 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of P 2 O 5 . It is believed that the P 2 O 5 acts as a nucleating agent.
• the glass ceramic contains 1.0 to 9.0, preferably 2.0 to 8.0 and particularly preferably 3.0 to 7.0% by weight of oxide of divalent elements Me II O selected from the group of MgO, CaO, SrO, ZnO and mixtures thereof.
• the glass ceramic contains less than 2.0% by weight of BaO.
• the glass ceramic is essentially free of BaO.
• the glass ceramic preferably contains at least one and in particular all of the following oxides of divalent elements Me II O in the specified amounts: component wt% MgO 0 to 4.0 CaO 0 to 4.0 SrO 0 to 7.0 ZnO 0 to 5.0.
• the glass ceramic contains 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by weight and particularly preferably 1.0 to 2.0% by weight of MgO.
• the glass ceramic contains 0.1 to 7.0, preferably 1.0 to 6.0, particularly preferably 2.0 to 5.0 and very particularly preferably 3.0 to 4.0% by weight SrO.
• a glass ceramic is also preferred which contains 0 to 8.0, preferably 1.0 to 7.0 and particularly preferably 2.0 to 6.0% by weight of further oxide of trivalent elements Me III 2 O 3 selected from the group of B 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 3 , In 2 O 3 and mixtures thereof.
• the glass ceramic particularly preferably contains at least one and in particular all of the following further oxides of trivalent elements Me III 2 O 3 in the specified amounts: component wt% B2O3 _ 0 to 4.0 Y2O3 _ 0 to 5.0 La2O3 _ 0 to 5.0 Ga2O3 _ 0 to 3.0 In2O3 _ 0 to 5.0.
• a glass ceramic which contains 0 to 10.0, preferably 1.0 to 8.0 and particularly preferably 2.0 to 6.0% by weight of oxide of tetravalent elements Me IV O 2 selected from the group of TiO 2 , Contains ZrO 2 , GeO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 and mixtures thereof.
• the glass ceramic particularly preferably contains at least one and in particular all of the following oxides of tetravalent elements Me IV O 2 in the specified amounts: component wt% TiO 2 0 to 4.0 ZrO 2 0 to 3.0 GeO 2 0 to 9.0 SnO 2 0 to 3.0 CeO 2 0 to 4.0.
• the glass ceramic contains 0 to 8.0, preferably 1.0 to 7.0 and particularly preferably 2.0 to 6.0% by weight of further oxide of pentavalent elements Me V 2 O 5 selected from the group of V 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 and mixtures thereof.
• the glass ceramic particularly preferably contains at least one and in particular all of the following further oxides of pentavalent elements Me V 2 O 5 in the specified amounts: component wt% V2O5 _ 0 to 2.0 Nb2O5 _ 0 to 5.0 Ta2O5 _ 0 to 5.0.
• the glass ceramic contains 0 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 4.0 and particularly preferably 2.0 to 3.0% by weight of oxide of the hexavalent element Me VI O 3 selected from the group of MoO 3 , WO 3 and mixtures thereof.
• the glass ceramic particularly preferably contains at least one and in particular all of the following oxides Me VI O 3 in the specified amounts: component wt% MoO 3 0 to 3.0 WHERE 3 0 to 3.0.
• the glass ceramic according to the invention contains 0 to 1.0% by weight and in particular 0 to 0.5% by weight of fluorine.
• a glass-ceramic containing at least one and preferably all of the following components in the specified amounts is particularly preferred: component wt% SiO 2 73.1 to 80.0 Li2O 7.0 to 12.9 Me I 2 O 4.0 to 15.0, especially 5.1 to 10.0 Al2O3 _ 4.0 to 10.0 P2O5 _ 1.2 to 2.6 Me II O 0 to 9.0 Me III 2 O 3 0 to 8.0 MeIVO2 _ 0 to 10.0 MeV2O5 _ _ 0 to 8.0 Me VIO 3 0 to 5.0 fluorine 0 to 1.0, where Me I 2 O, Me II O, Me III 2 O 3 , Me IV O 2 , Me V 2 O 5 and Me VI O 3 have the meanings given above.
• the glass ceramic contains at least one and preferably all of the following components in the specified amounts: component wt% SiO 2 73.1 to 80.0 Li2O 7.0 to 12.9 Al2O3 _ 4.0 to 10.0 P2O5 _ 1.2 to 2.6 Well 2 O 0 to 2.0 K2O 0 to 10.0 Rb 2 O 0 to 13.0 Cs2O 0 to 13.0 MgO 0 to 4.0 CaO 0 to 4.0 SrO 0 to 7.0 ZnO 0 to 5.0 B2O3 _ 0 to 4.0 Y2O3 _ 0 to 5.0 La2O3 _ 0 to 5.0 Ga2O3 _ 0 to 3.0 In2O3 _ 0 to 5.0 TiO 2 0 to 4.0 ZrO 2 0 to 3.0 GeO 2 0 to 9.0 SnO 2 0 to 3.0 CeO 2 0 to 4.0 V2O5 _ 0 to 2.0 Nb2O5 _ 0 to 5.0
• the glass-ceramic according to the invention can also contain other coloring agents and/or fluorescent agents. These can be made, for example, from Bi 2 O 3 or Bi 2 O 5 and in particular from other inorganic pigments and/or oxides of d and f elements, such as the oxides of Mn, Fe, Co, Pr, Nd, Tb, Er, Dy, Eu and Yb can be selected. With the help of these coloring agents and fluorescent agents, the glass ceramic can be easily colored in order to imitate the desired optical properties, in particular of natural tooth material.
• the molar ratio of SiO 2 to Li 2 O is in the range from 2.9 to 4.6 and preferably in the range from 3.3 to 4.4. It is surprising that despite these high molar excesses of SiO 2 relative to Li 2 O, the glass ceramics according to the invention can be formed with lithium metasilicate as the main crystal phase.
• the glass ceramic according to the invention preferably contains no more than 30% by weight, preferably no more than 28% by weight, particularly preferably no more than 26% by weight and very particularly preferably no more than 22% by weight of lithium metasilicate crystals.
• the glass ceramic particularly preferably contains 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 12 to 28% by weight, particularly preferably 15 to 26% by weight and very particularly preferably 18 to 22% by weight of lithium metasilicate crystals.
• the average size of the lithium metasilicate crystals is in the range from 5 to 80 nm, in particular in the range from 10 to 50 nm, preferably in the range from 15 to 45 nm and particularly preferably in the range from 25 to 35 nm lies.
• the average size of the lithium metasilicate crystals can be determined in particular using X-ray diffraction on a powder of the glass ceramic with CuK ⁇ radiation.
• the X-ray diffractogram obtained in this way can be evaluated according to the Rietveld method and the average size of the lithium metasilicate crystals can be calculated from the half-width of the peaks of lithium metasilicate according to the Scherrer equation.
• This evaluation can preferably be carried out with the aid of software, for example using the TOPAS 5.0 software from Bruker.
• the glass ceramic according to the invention can also contain other crystal phases, such as quartz, in particular deep quartz, apatite, cesium aluminosilicate and in particular lithium phosphate.
• the amount of cristobalite should be as small as possible and, in particular, should be less than 1.0% by weight. It is particularly preferred that the glass ceramic according to the invention is essentially free of cristobalite.
• the type and particularly the amount of crystal phases formed can be controlled by the composition of the starting glass and the heat treatment used to produce the glass-ceramic from the starting glass.
• the examples illustrate this by varying the composition of the starting glass and the heat treatment applied.
• the glass ceramic has a biaxial breaking strength of preferably at least 80 MPa and particularly preferably 100 to 200 MPa.
• the biaxial fracture strength was determined according to ISO 6872 (2008) (piston on three balls test).
• the glass ceramic according to the invention has a thermal expansion coefficient CTE (measured in the range from 100 to 500° C.) of preferably 9.5 to 14.0 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 .
• the CTE is determined according to ISO 6872 (2008).
• the thermal expansion coefficient is adjusted to a desired value in particular by the type and quantity of the crystal phases present in the glass ceramic and the chemical composition of the glass ceramic.
• the translucency of the glass-ceramic was determined in the form of the contrast value (CR value) according to British Standard BS 5612, and this contrast value was preferably 40 to 92.
• the invention also relates to various precursors with a corresponding composition, from which the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention can be produced by heat treatment.
• These precursors are a correspondingly composed starting glass and a correspondingly composed starting glass with nuclei.
• corresponding composition means that these precursors contain the same components in the same amounts as the glass-ceramic, with the components, with the exception of fluorine, being calculated as oxides, as is usual for glasses and glass-ceramics.
• the invention therefore also relates to a starting glass which contains the components of the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention.
• the starting glass according to the invention therefore contains in particular suitable amounts of SiO 2 , Li 2 O, MeI 2 O, Al 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 , which are required to form the glass ceramic according to the invention with lithium metasilicate as the main crystal phase.
• the starting glass can also contain other components, such as those specified above for the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention. All such embodiments for the components of the starting glass are preferred which are also specified as preferred for the components of the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention.
• the invention also relates to such a starting glass containing nuclei for the formation of lithium metasilicate crystals.
• the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention and the starting glass according to the invention are in particular in the form of powders, granules or blanks of any shape and size, e.g. In these forms they can easily be further processed. However, they can also be present in the form of dental restorations, such as inlays, onlays, crowns, veneers, shells or abutments.
• the procedure is in particular such that a mixture of suitable starting materials, such as carbonates, oxides, phosphates and fluorides, is melted at temperatures of in particular 1300 to 1600° C. for 2 to 10 hours.
• suitable starting materials such as carbonates, oxides, phosphates and fluorides
• the glass melt obtained is poured into water to form glass granules, and the granules obtained are then melted again.
• the melt can then be poured into molds to produce ingots of the starting glass, so-called bulk glass ingots or monolithic ingots.
• melt back into water it is also possible to put the melt back into water to produce granules. After grinding and optionally adding further components, such as colorants and fluorescent agents, this granulate can be pressed into a blank, a so-called powder compact.
• the starting glass can also be processed into a powder.
• the starting glass e.g. in the form of a solid glass blank, a powder compact or in the form of a powder, is then subjected to at least one heat treatment. It is preferred that a first heat treatment is first carried out in order to produce the starting glass according to the invention with nuclei for the formation of lithium metasilicate crystals.
• the starting glass with nuclei is then usually subjected to at least one further temperature treatment at a higher temperature in order to bring about crystallization of lithium metasilicate and to produce the lithium silicate glass-ceramic according to the invention.
• the invention thus also relates to a method for producing the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention, in which the starting glass or the starting glass with nuclei undergoes at least one heat treatment at a temperature of 450 to 750° C. for a period of in particular 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 5 to 120 minutes min and more preferably 10 to 60 min.
• the at least one heat treatment carried out in the method according to the invention can also be carried out as part of a hot pressing or sintering of the starting glass according to the invention or the starting glass according to the invention with nuclei.
• the invention therefore also relates to the use of the glass ceramics according to the invention or the glasses according to the invention as dental material and in particular for the production of dental restorations or as a coating material for dental restorations.
• dental restorations such as bridges, inlays, onlays, veneers, abutments, partial crowns, crowns or shells can be produced from the glass ceramics according to the invention and the glasses according to the invention.
• the invention therefore also relates to the use of the glass ceramics according to the invention or the glasses according to the invention for the production of dental restorations. It is preferred that the glass ceramic or the glass is given the shape of the desired dental restoration by pressing or machining.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing dental restorations, in which the glass ceramics according to the invention or the glasses according to the invention are given the shape of the desired dental restoration by pressing or machining.
• the pressing usually takes place under increased pressure and increased temperature. It is preferable that the pressing is carried out at a temperature of 700 to 1200°C. It is also preferred to carry out the pressing at a pressure of 2 to 10 bar.
• the starting glass according to the invention and in particular the starting glass with nuclei according to the invention and the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention can be used for pressing.
• the glasses and glass ceramics according to the invention can be used in particular in the form of blanks of any shape and size, e.g. solid blanks or powder compacts, e.g. in unsintered, partially sintered or densely sintered form.
• the machining usually takes place by means of material-removing processes and in particular by milling and/or grinding. It is particularly preferred that the machining is performed as part of a CAD/CAM process.
• the starting glass of the present invention, the seeded starting glass of the present invention, and the lithium silicate glass-ceramic of the present invention can be used.
• the glasses and glass ceramics according to the invention can be used in particular in the form of blanks, for example solid blanks or powder compacts, for example in unsintered, partially sintered or densely sintered form.
• the lithium silicate glass ceramic according to the invention is preferably used for machining.
• the lithium silicate glass ceramics according to the invention can be processed faster than known lithium silicate glass ceramics with the same force.
• the removal rate on specimens of the glass ceramics can be determined in particular.
• small plates are sawn off the test specimens and weighed.
• the platelets are then glued to a holder and ground with water cooling using an automatic grinding machine, such as that available from Struers, using a diamond grinding wheel, for example with a grain size of 20 ⁇ m.
• the pressure of the grinding machine is selected so that the same force, for example 15 N, acts on each plate.
• the easily machinable lithium silicate glass-ceramic with lithium metasilicate as the main crystal phase can be converted into a glass-ceramic with lithium disilicate as the main crystal phase by a further heat treatment.
• This glass-ceramic not only has excellent mechanical properties such as high strength, but also exhibits other properties required of a dental restorative material.
• the glass-ceramic after the glass-ceramic has been given the shape of the desired dental restoration, it can be subjected to a further heat treatment in order to convert lithium metasilicate crystals into lithium disilicate crystals.
• the glass ceramic is preferably subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 750 to 950° C., preferably 820 to 890° C. and particularly preferably 840 to 870° C., particularly preferably for a period of 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 5 to 30 minutes 5 to 15 minutes and most preferably 5 to 10 minutes.
• the appropriate conditions for a given glass-ceramic can be determined, for example, by performing X-ray diffraction analyzes at different temperatures.
• the glass ceramics according to the invention and the glasses according to the invention are also suitable as a coating material for ceramics and glass ceramics, for example.
• the invention is therefore also aimed at the use of the glasses according to the invention or the glass ceramics according to the invention for coating ceramics, glass ceramics and in particular dental restorations.
• the invention also relates to a method for coating ceramics, metals, metal alloys and glass ceramics, in which glass ceramic according to the invention or glass according to the invention is applied to the ceramic or glass ceramic and exposed to elevated temperature.
• glass ceramic or glass is applied to the material to be coated, such as ceramic or glass ceramic, in the usual manner, for example as a powder, and then sintered at elevated temperature.
• glass ceramic according to the invention or glass according to the invention eg in the form of powder compacts or monolithic blanks, is pressed on at an elevated temperature, eg from 700 to 1200° C., and under pressure, eg from 2 to 10 bar.
• a suitable oven is, for example, the Programat EP 5000 from Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein.
• a glass ceramic with lithium silicate, in particular lithium disilicate is present as the main crystal phase, since such a glass ceramic has particularly good properties.
• starting glasses with the compositions given in Table I were first melted on a 100 to 200 g scale from conventional raw materials at the temperature T S for the duration t S , melting being possible very well without the formation of bubbles or streaks.
• Glass frits were produced by pouring the starting glasses into water, which were then melted a second time at 1500° C. or 1400° C. for 1 hour for homogenization. The resulting starting glass melts were then poured into a graphite mold to produce bulk glass blocks.
• the amounts of the crystal phases and the average size of the lithium metasilicate crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction.
• powders of the respective glass ceramic were produced by means of grinding and sieving ( ⁇ 45 ⁇ m) and mixed with Al 2 O 3 (Alfa Aesar, product no. 42571) as an internal standard in a ratio of 80% by weight glass ceramic to 20% by weight Al 2 O 3 were mixed. This mixture was slurried with acetone in order to achieve the best possible mixing. The mixture was then dried at about 80°C. A diffractogram was then recorded in the range from 10 to 100° 2 ⁇ using CuK ⁇ radiation and an increment of 0.014° 2 ⁇ using a D8 advance diffractometer from Bruker.
• This diffractogram was then evaluated using the TOPAS 5.0 software from Bruker using the Rietveld method. By comparing the intensities of the peaks of lithium metasilicate and Al 2 O 3 phase proportions were determined. The mean size of the lithium metasilicate crystals was determined from the half-width of the peaks of lithium metasilicate according to the Scherrer equation.
• the speed of the turntable was 300 rpm .
• the plaques were ground for 1 min and then dried and weighed again.
• the remaining glass-ceramic blocks were subjected to a further heat treatment at the temperature T C2 for the duration t C2 .
• glass-ceramics having lithium disilicate as the main crystal phase were formed.
• Lithium phosphate and, in example 26, lithium strontium phosphate were also found as secondary phases.

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• 2021
  • 2021-08-23 EP EP21192546.6A patent/EP4140963A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-08-02 JP JP2022123135A patent/JP2023031264A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-08-19 CN CN202210998556.9A patent/CN115710091A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-08-19 US US17/821,111 patent/US20230073207A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-08-22 KR KR1020220104892A patent/KR20230029545A/ko unknown

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