EP4139946B1 - Leitungsschutzschalter mit elektronischer auslösesteuerung - Google Patents

Leitungsschutzschalter mit elektronischer auslösesteuerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4139946B1
EP4139946B1 EP21720478.3A EP21720478A EP4139946B1 EP 4139946 B1 EP4139946 B1 EP 4139946B1 EP 21720478 A EP21720478 A EP 21720478A EP 4139946 B1 EP4139946 B1 EP 4139946B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
state
control
switch
coil
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EP21720478.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4139946A1 (de
Inventor
Vincent GACEUS
Sylvain HAZEMANN
Alexandre HEITZ
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Hager Electro SAS
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Hager Electro SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1054—Means for avoiding unauthorised release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
    • H01H2071/124—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit with a hybrid structure, the solid state trip device being combined with a thermal or a electromagnetic trip
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H2083/203—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition with shunt trip circuits, e.g. NC contact in an undervoltage coil circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of circuit protection against faults such as short circuits and relates to a circuit breaker with electronic trip control.
  • protective devices such as circuit breakers is to interrupt electrical current in the event of a fault in an electrical circuit.
  • selectivity consists of coordinating these protection devices so that, when a fault appears in a circuit to be protected, only the protection device closest to the fault trips, avoiding thus putting the rest of the electrical installation out of service.
  • the selectivity between an upstream circuit breaker and a downstream circuit breaker is said to be total if it is ensured up to the presumed maximum value of the short-circuit current where the downstream circuit breaker is installed.
  • a selectivity limit is defined to indicate the short-circuit current value below which only the downstream circuit breaker will trip.
  • the current supply to the electronic processing unit is generally provided by at least one of the current paths and a power supply device such as a current transformer functionally connected to said current path.
  • the trigger control signal emitted by the electronic processing unit generally activates a controlled switch, of the transistor type (MOSFET), which further comprises the circuit breaker, said switch being capable, when controlled, in the closed state , to close a circuit connecting the coil of the actuator to a power supply potential and to a reference potential, said closure having the effect of causing the current to circulate in the coil to supply it with current allowing triggering.
  • a controlled switch of the transistor type (MOSFET)
  • these circuit breakers also include a control handle which protrudes from the circuit breaker housing and is connected to the movable main contact by the opening mechanism to allow manual tripping of the circuit breaker.
  • the electronic processing unit is additionally configured to be able to control the electrical state of the actuator coil.
  • the coil must be supplied with current, that is to say with a current lower than its nominal tripping current or low enough not to lead to tripping, which is achieved by means of a circuit monitoring of said electronic processing unit.
  • a problem encountered with these circuit breakers with electronic trip control is the electromagnetic influence between the parts that compose it. Indeed, the integration constraints in this type of protection device require the parts to be arranged in a reduced and compact volume, that is to say close to each other. A consequence is that the influence between these parts increases and in particular the electromagnetic influences generated by at least one of the current paths on the coil. Indeed, at least one of the current paths is generally located near the coil and oriented, at least in part, perpendicular or transverse to the axis of the actuator so that said current path can generate a field magnetic opposing the holding force of the magnet and then having the effect of causing the core to move and consequently tripping the circuit breaker. Thus at least one of the current paths or other external magnetic or electromagnetic influence can cause a malfunction of the circuit breaker through untimely tripping of the latter. A consequence of this dysfunction is a loss of selectivity.
  • the document EP 2 660 843 A1 describes a circuit breaker with electronic tripping control according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a circuit breaker with electronic tripping control making it possible to inhibit the magnetic influences likely to be exerted on the coil and to cause untimely tripping of the circuit breaker, and in particular magnetic influences coming from at least one of the current paths, in particular when the current path extends, at least in part, transversely or perpendicularly to the axis of the actuator .
  • the circuit breaker with electronic tripping control comprising a current detector capable of detecting the current circulating in the or at least one of the current channels and of emitting an acquisition signal representative of said current, an electronic trigger comprising an electronic processing unit configured to be able to process said acquisition signal and emit a trigger control signal when a trigger threshold is exceeded, an actuator controlled in triggering by said trigger control signal and comprising a coil, and an opening mechanism capable of being actuated by said actuator to open at least one main contact interrupting the electric current in the current path(s) concerned, and a power supply, is essentially characterized in that it further comprises a circuit for inhibiting magnetic influences on the actuator capable of causing unwanted triggering, said inhibition circuit being capable of short-circuiting the coil when it is controlled in a closed state to achieve inhibition and of not short-circuiting the coil when it
  • At least one of the current paths capable of exerting a magnetic influence on the coil, extends, at least in part, transversely or perpendicularly to the axis of the actuator.
  • the power supply A may or may not be integrated into the electronic trigger 3, I2, 4, 5 and makes it possible to supply energy, that is to say current and/or voltage, to the electronic processing unit 3. and the coil 10 of the actuator 1, as well as, where applicable, the other electrical or electronic elements or components constituting the circuit breaker and requiring such a power supply. It can be carried out by at least one of the current channels L1, L2, L3, for example by means of a current transformer D' which it can include functionally connected to said current channel L1, L2 or L3.
  • such a circuit breaker further comprises an inhibition circuit I1, 2, 2', magnetic influences on the actuator 1 capable of causing unwanted tripping, said inhibition circuit I1, 2, 2' being capable of short-circuiting the coil 10 when it is controlled in a closed state to achieve inhibition and not short-circuiting the coil 10 when it is controlled in an open state.
  • Magnetic influences must be understood according to the present invention as being magnetic or electromagnetic influences.
  • the electronic processing unit 3 is further configured to be able to control said inhibition circuit I1, 2, 2' and to coordinate the emission of the trigger control signal with the control of said circuit d 'inhibition I1, 2, 2' so as not to short-circuit coil 10 at the same time as triggering.
  • control of the inhibition circuit I1, 2, 2' in the closed state by the electronic processing unit 3 can be carried out permanently, cyclically or punctually.
  • the command is carried out permanently, it will be interrupted by the electronic processing unit 3 during a trigger so as not to short-circuit the coil 10 at the same time as said trigger.
  • a magnetic influence capable of being exerted on the actuator 1 can be that generated by at least one of the current paths L1, L2, L3 oriented transversely or perpendicularly to the axis X of the actuator 1 and arranged near the actuator 1 ( figures 1 And 5 ) or a part of at least one of said current path L1, L2, L3 oriented transversely or perpendicular to the axis X of the actuator 1 and arranged near the actuator 1.
  • this consists of a switch 11, called a short-circuit switch, controlled by the electronic processing unit 3 and connected directly to the terminals of the coil 10 (embodiment not shown in the attached figures) or via one or more electrical conductor(s) 2, 2' of zero or negligible resistance (see in particular the figure 2 And 3 ) and/or an electrical component of zero or negligible resistance.
  • the coil 10 in a known manner, surrounds a movable core 11, such as an iron core and a spring 12 to compression and a permanent magnet 13.
  • the permanent magnet 13 tends to maintain the core 11 in the coil 10 by attracting it by its magnetic field when no other field comes to oppose and exceed it, which core 11 compresses the spring 12.
  • a trigger current flows in the coil 10 and the latter then generates a magnetic field which opposes and exceeds that of the permanent magnet 13 , which has the effect of moving said core 11 axially aided by the thrust force of the spring 12 against the force of attraction of the permanent magnet 13 and of actuating the opening mechanism not shown on the appended figures.
  • the short-circuit switch I1 is a transistor, preferably a MOSFET type field effect transistor. Such a transistor is designed to operate in blocked or saturated mode.
  • the electronic trigger 3, I2, 4, 5 may comprise a switch I2, called the control switch I2, controlled by the electronic processing unit 3 and capable of being activated in closing by the trigger control signal emitted by the latter to supply electric current to the coil 10 and triggering.
  • the control switch I2 is a transistor, preferably a field effect transistor of the MOSFET type.
  • the coil 10 is connected, via one of its terminals, to a potential Vs of the power supply A for its current supply and, via its other terminal, via the control switch I2, to a reference potential GND .
  • the control switch I2 is thus able to open or close the circuit supplying current to the coil 10 under the control of the electronic processing unit 3.
  • the coordination of the control makes it possible to coordinate the control of the two switches I1, I2 so as to short-circuit the coil 10 of the actuator 1 when said coil 10 is not piloted/controlled by the electronic processing unit 3, that is to say that the control switch I2 is not closed, this is to avoid electrical conduction simultaneous operation of said switches I1, I2 leading to a short circuit of the power supply of the electronic trigger 3, I2, 4, 5 and the actuator 1 resulting in a loss of the protection function of the circuit breaker.
  • the electronic processing unit 3 is configured to simultaneously control the two switches I1, I2 to switch them to another closed state or opening ( figures 7 and 8 ). Simultaneous control, as will be seen later, is carried out more particularly by taking into account their switching time (Opening time I1, Closing time I2, Closing time I1, Opening time I2, on the figures 7 and 8 ) which can be different depending on whether it is an opening command (Opening time I1 or I2, on the figures 7 and 8 ) or a closing command (Closing time I1 or I2, on the figures 7 and 8 ).
  • the present invention can provide that the electronic trigger 3, I2, 4, 5 further comprises a delay circuit 5 capable of delaying the command of the switch I1 or I2 intended to be switched from a first state to a second state in relation to the control of the other switch I1 or I2 intended to be switched from the second state to the first state, this following a simultaneous command of the two switches I1, I2 to switch them, one, from the first state to the second state and, the other, from the second state to the first state and considering that the switching (Closing time I1 or I2 on the figure 8 ) from the first state to the second state is faster than that (Opening time I1 or I2 on the figure 8 ) from the second state to the first state.
  • a delay circuit 5 capable of delaying the command of the switch I1 or I2 intended to be switched from a first state to a second state in relation to the control of the other switch I1 or I2 intended to be switched from the second state to the first state, this following a simultaneous command of the two switches I1, I2 to switch them,
  • the first state can be an opening state and the second state can be a closing state of the switch I1, I2 concerned.
  • the switching of each switch I1, I2 from the open state to the closed state (Closing time I1 or I2) is then faster than their switching from the closed state to the open state ( Opening time I1 or I2) and the delay circuit 5 will then delay, as can be seen on the figure 8 , the control of the switch I1, I2 concerned to switch it from the open state to the closed state in relation to the control of the other switch concerned I1, I2 to switch it from the closed state in the open state so that the two switches I1, I2 are not switched simultaneously in the same closed state.
  • the delay circuit 5 can consist of an electronic circuit, preferably a logic circuit, connected to the electronic processing unit 3 for its control and to the two short-circuit and control switches I1, I2 respectively , said delay circuit 5 being capable of affecting at the output of the electronic processing unit 3 a delay on the control of one of the switches I1, I2 relative to the control of the other control of the other switch continued to simultaneous control of the latter by the electronic processing unit 3 ( figures 3 And 4 ).
  • the logic circuit forming the delay circuit 5 can comprise a first logic gate 50 of the “or” type whose output is connected to the short-circuit switch I1 through an adaptation of the voltage level, the case applicable to the gate of the field effect transistor forming said short-circuit switch I1, and a second logic gate 51 of the “and” type whose output is connected to the control switch I2, where appropriate to the gate of the field effect transistor forming said short circuit switch I1.
  • One of the inputs of the first logic gate 50 is connected to the output of a third “or” type gate 52.
  • the two inputs of the third door 52 form the inputs of the logic circuit and are connected to the electronic processing circuit 3 to receive the short-circuit and control signals respectively.
  • One of the inputs of the second door 51 is connected to one of the two inputs of the third door 52 of “or” type.
  • An RC circuit 53, 54 is connected to one of the two other inputs of each logic gate 51, 52.
  • the delay circuit 5 can also be provided in another embodiment by being integrated into the electronic processing unit 3.
  • the circuit breaker can further comprise, in a known manner, a monitoring circuit 4 allowing, by monitoring the electrical continuity of the coil 10, to control its state and that of the actuator 1 and more particularly depending on whether continuity is ensured or not the functional presence or functional absence of coil 10 ( figure 2 , 3 And 4 ).
  • a monitoring circuit 4 is controlled by the electronic processing unit 3 and may include a switch I3 controlled by the electronic processing unit 3.
  • the switch I3 is a transistor, preferably a field effect transistor of the MOSFET type.
  • the electronic processing unit 3 can be configured to coordinate the commands of the three switches I1, I2, I3 and therefore the three functions of short-circuit, triggering control and monitoring. More particularly, the electronic processing unit 3 can be configured so that the duration of the opening of the short-circuit switch I1 is sufficiently short to avoid unwanted triggering if a magnetic disturbance occurs at the time of monitoring. of the state of the circuit breaker and long enough to allow the monitoring function to detect an anomaly on the actuator 1 and more particularly on the coil 10 ( Figure 6 ).
  • the magnetic trigger device mounted in such a protection device thus allows, by short-circuiting the coil 10 the actuator 1, so as to allow the circulation of an induced current in the coil 10 opposing the cause which gave rise to it, to compensate and therefore inhibit the magnetic influence of the current path on the actuator 1 and more particularly on the core 11.
  • Such a device can also be used to compensate and therefore inhibit magnetic influences from other electrical elements.
  • the triggering device thanks to the coordination, makes it possible to maintain the known control function of the actuator 1, and more particularly the coil 10, and/or, where appropriate, the monitoring function, while ensuring the new short-circuit function making it possible to inhibit magnetic influences on actuator 1 and likely to cause unwanted tripping of the circuit breaker.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Leitungsschutzschalter mit elektronischer Auslösesteuerung, wobei der Leitungsschutzschalter von mindestens einem Strompfad (L1, L2, L3) durchquert wird und geeignet ist, einen Schutz gegen mindestens einen Fehler vom Typ Kurzschluss zu gewährleisten, der in einem mit dem Strompfad (L1, L2, L3) verbundenen Stromkreis auftritt, und einen Stromdetektor (D) aufweist, der geeignet ist, den in dem oder in mindestens einem der Strompfade (L1, L2, L3) fließenden Strom zu erfassen und ein für diesen Strom repräsentatives Erfassungssignal auszusenden, einen elektronischen Auslöser (3, I2, 4, 5), der eine elektronische Verarbeitungseinheit (3) aufweist, die so konfiguriert ist, dass sie das Erfassungssignal verarbeiten und bei Überschreiten einer Auslöseschwelle ein Auslösesteuersignal aussenden kann, einen Aktuator (1), der durch das Auslösesteuersignal zur Auslösung angesteuert wird und eine Spule (10) und einen Öffnungsmechanismus aufweist, der durch den Aktuator (1) betätigt werden kann, um mindestens einen Hauptkontakt (C1, C2, C3) zu öffnen, der den elektrischen Strom in dem oder in den betroffenen Strompfad(en) (L1, L2, L3) unterbricht, und eine Stromversorgung (A), die darüber hinaus eine Schaltung zur Hemmung (I1, 2, 2') magnetischer Einflüsse auf den Aktuator (1) aufweist, die eine unbeabsichtigte Auslösung verursachen können, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hemmschaltung (I1, 2, 2') geeignet ist, die Spule (10) kurzzuschließen, wenn sie in einen Schließzustand angesteuert wird, um die Hemmung zu bewirken, und die Spule (10) nicht kurzzuschließen, wenn sie in einen Öffnungszustand angesteuert wird, und dass die elektronische Verarbeitungseinheit (3) darüber hinaus so konfiguriert ist, dass sie die Hemmschaltung (I1, 2, 2') ansteuern kann und die Ausgabe des Auslösesteuersignals mit der Ansteuerung der Hemmschaltung (I1, 2, 2') so koordiniert, dass die Spule (10) nicht gleichzeitig mit der Auslösung kurzgeschlossen wird.
  2. Leitungsschutzschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hemmschaltung (I1, 2, 2') aus einem Schalter (I1), dem sogenannten Kurzschlussschalter (I1), besteht, der von der elektronischen Verarbeitungseinheit (3) angesteuert wird und direkt oder über mindestens einen elektrischen Leiter (2, 2') mit einem Widerstand von null oder vernachlässigbar klein und/oder über ein elektrisches Bauteil mit einem Widerstand von null oder vernachlässigbar klein mit den Klemmen der Spule (10) verbunden ist.
  3. Leitungsschutzschalter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schalter (I1) ein Transistor ist, vorzugsweise ein Feldeffekttransistor vom Typ MOSFET.
  4. Leitungsschutzschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektronische Auslöser (3, I2, 4, 5) einen Schalter (I2), den sogenannten Steuerschalter (I2), aufweist, der von der elektronischen Verarbeitungseinheit (3) angesteuert wird und durch das von dieser letzteren ausgegebene Auslösesteuersignal in den Schließzustand geschaltet werden kann, um die Spule (10) mit elektrischem Strom zu versorgen und die Auslösung durchzuführen, wobei der Steuerschalter (I2) ein Transistor ist, vorzugsweise ein Feldeffekttransistor vom Typ MOSFET.
  5. Leitungsschutzschalter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronische Verarbeitungseinheit (3) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie die beiden Schalter (I1, I2) gleichzeitig ansteuert, um sie in einen anderen Schließ- oder Öffnungszustand zu schalten.
  6. Leitungsschutzschalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektronische Auslöser (3, I2, 4, 5) darüber hinaus eine Verzögerungsschaltung (5) aufweist, die eine Verzögerung der Ansteuerung des Schalters (I1, I2) realisieren kann, der zum Wechseln von einem ersten Zustand in einen zweiten Zustand in Bezug auf die Ansteuerung des anderen Schalters (I1, I2) vorgesehen ist, der zum Wechseln vom zweiten Zustand in den ersten Zustand vorgesehen ist, dies infolge einer gleichzeitigen Ansteuerung der beiden Schalter (I1, I2) zum Schalten des einen vom ersten Zustand in den zweiten Zustand und des anderen vom zweiten Zustand in den ersten Zustand und unter der Annahme, dass das Schalten vom ersten Zustand in den zweiten Zustand schneller ist als das Schalten vom zweiten Zustand in den ersten Zustand, wobei insbesondere der erste Zustand ein Öffnungszustand und der zweite Zustand ein Schließzustand des betreffenden Schalters (I1, I2) ist.
  7. Leitungsschutzschalter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verzögerungsschaltung (5) aus einer elektronischen Schaltung, vorzugsweise einer logischen Schaltung, besteht, die mit der elektronischen Verarbeitungseinheit (3) für ihre Ansteuerung und mit den beiden Schaltern (I1, I2) für Kurzschluss bzw. Steuerung verbunden ist, wobei die Verzögerungsschaltung (5) geeignet ist, am Ausgang der elektronischen Verarbeitungseinheit (3) eine Verzögerung auf die Ansteuerung eines der Schalter (I1, I2) in Bezug auf die Ansteuerung des anderen Schalters (I2) infolge einer gleichzeitigen Ansteuerung dieser letzteren durch die elektronische Verarbeitungseinheit (3) zuzuweisen.
  8. Leitungsschutzschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er darüber hinaus eine Schaltung (4) zur Überwachung des Aktuators (1) durch eine Kontrolle des elektrischen Durchgangs der Spule (10), mit der er funktionell verbunden ist, aufweist, wobei die Überwachungsschaltung (4) von der elektronischen Verarbeitungseinheit (3) gesteuert wird, die darüber hinaus so konfiguriert ist, dass sie die Überwachung nicht gleichzeitig mit der Ansteuerung der Hemmschaltung (I1, 2, 2') im kurzschließenden Schließzustand der Spule (10) durchführt.
  9. Leitungsschutzschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der Strompfade (L1, L2, L3), der einen magnetischen Einfluss auf die Spule (10) ausüben kann, sich zumindest teilweise quer oder senkrecht zur Achse (X) des Aktuators (1) erstreckt.
EP21720478.3A 2020-04-24 2021-04-22 Leitungsschutzschalter mit elektronischer auslösesteuerung Active EP4139946B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2004114A FR3109665B1 (fr) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Disjoncteur à commande de déclenchement électronique
PCT/EP2021/060550 WO2021214235A1 (fr) 2020-04-24 2021-04-22 Disjoncteur a commande de declenchement electronique

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EP4139946A1 EP4139946A1 (de) 2023-03-01
EP4139946B1 true EP4139946B1 (de) 2024-03-20

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CN (1) CN115699239A (de)
FR (1) FR3109665B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2021214235A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2501929A1 (fr) * 1981-03-10 1982-09-17 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur basse tension et procede de fabrication d'un capteur de courant
FR2516305A1 (fr) * 1981-11-06 1983-05-13 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur de branchement a controle de la puissance souscrite par un module pilote
ES2536325T3 (es) * 2012-05-04 2015-05-22 Gefran S.P.A. Disyuntor de circuito para proteger un sistema eléctrico

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FR3109665B1 (fr) 2022-03-25
CN115699239A (zh) 2023-02-03
FR3109665A1 (fr) 2021-10-29
EP4139946A1 (de) 2023-03-01
WO2021214235A1 (fr) 2021-10-28

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