EP4112748B1 - Tanning agent, use of a tanning agent, process for the tanning of animal skins and furs and leather obtained thereof - Google Patents
Tanning agent, use of a tanning agent, process for the tanning of animal skins and furs and leather obtained thereof Download PDFInfo
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- EP4112748B1 EP4112748B1 EP21183144.1A EP21183144A EP4112748B1 EP 4112748 B1 EP4112748 B1 EP 4112748B1 EP 21183144 A EP21183144 A EP 21183144A EP 4112748 B1 EP4112748 B1 EP 4112748B1
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- Prior art keywords
- tanning
- weight
- tanning agent
- leather
- reaction solution
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents
- C14C3/18—Chemical tanning by organic agents using polycondensation products or precursors thereof
- C14C3/20—Chemical tanning by organic agents using polycondensation products or precursors thereof sulfonated
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tanning agent and the use of such a tanning agent for tanning animal skins and skins, a process for tanning animal skins and skins to produce leather, and leather obtained therefrom.
- animal collagen in hides is changed in such a way that the leather resulting from tanning is resistant to heat, environmental influences and microorganisms, and the suppleness of the tanned skin is retained after the resulting leather has dried.
- mineral tanning in particular chrome tanning
- vegetable tanning for example with tare, mimosa, quebracho or chestnut
- synthetic tanning in particular with glutaraldehyde, which are based on different strategies.
- Chrome tanning is of greatest economic importance. Hydrated chromium complexes, which are located between the carboxyl groups of glutamic acid and aspartic acid of the skin's collagen peptide structure, result in a resilient and soft leather. In addition to the good leather quality that can be achieved, a fast and cost-effective process was established with chrome tanning. Other mineral tanning agents, such as those based on aluminum or zirconium, also work according to the same principle.
- chromium(VI) can trigger allergic reactions when it comes into contact with the skin.
- Chromium(III) sulfates are usually used in the tanning process.
- chromium (VI) can be formed from chromium (III) through oxidation or enters the tanning process via tannin impurities.
- Further disadvantages of tanning containing (heavy) metals are that it is complex Treatment of the wastewater via a plant for the recovery of chromium and other heavy metals as well as the expensive disposal of leather residues such as shavings using landfill processes or incineration.
- Vegetable tanning uses tannins that are extracted from plants. However, vegetable tanning requires long and complex tanning processes, which is why vegetable tanning has largely been replaced by chrome tanning.
- Another widely used tanning method is synthetic tanning with glutaraldehyde, in which the bifunctionality of glutaraldehyde serves to cross-link the peptide fibers of the skin.
- the mode of action is mainly due to the reactivity to the nitrogen functionalities of the underlying amino acids.
- the glutaraldehyde reacts on two different fibers and permanently connects them by forming a covalent bond.
- composition for tanning leather which comprises a zeolite treated with a concentrated monocarboxylic acid.
- the composition is intended in particular to provide an alternative to chrome tanning.
- the complex production and post-treatment of the zeolite is still necessary, which has a negative impact on the overall ecological balance of the composition.
- a process for producing leather is known in which a composition is used as a tanning agent, which is a Polysaccharide obtained from starch by oxidation.
- a composition is used as a tanning agent, which is a Polysaccharide obtained from starch by oxidation.
- the method shown there is only suitable for use on pimples.
- the WO 2012/163823 A1 describes graft copolymers which were obtained by means of free radical polymerization, wherein a first monomer A), which is a (meth) acrylic acid or a mixture of a (meth) acrylic acid and mono and/or polyethylenically unsaturated monomers, and a second Monomer B) is used, which is produced by breaking down a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
- a first monomer A which is a (meth) acrylic acid or a mixture of a (meth) acrylic acid and mono and/or polyethylenically unsaturated monomers
- a second Monomer B is used, which is produced by breaking down a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
- the production of such graft copolymers is complex and requires a lot of chemicals.
- the graft copolymers described cannot achieve sufficient cross-linking of the collagen fibers.
- the graft copolymers are therefore only suitable for retanning and require
- the WO 02/40436 A1 discloses a process for producing glycolaldehyde by thermolysis of an aqueous sugar solution, using glucose or sucrose as the sugar.
- the WO 2009/10068 A1 describes a process for producing glycerose from glycerin, which was produced as a byproduct of large-scale processes such as the production of biodiesel and natural soap production.
- tanning agents should be able to be produced from globally available, biodegradable and/or renewable raw materials.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a tanning agent according to claim 1.
- a tanning agent comprising a reaction solution which contains a tanning component which is selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, acetals of these compounds, hemiacetals of these compounds and combinations thereof, the reaction solution being obtained by partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis of an organic substance with a vicinal diol group.
- organic substances that occur naturally and/or from renewable raw materials can be used as starting products can be produced.
- the use of fossil raw materials, for example crude oil and/or natural gas-based raw materials, in the production of tanning agents can be avoided or at least reduced.
- the tanning component is also hydrophilic and quickly penetrates the skin layers to be tanned. This means that the exposure time of the tanning liquor can be shortened compared to conventional tanning agents. In addition, an even distribution of the active tanning component in the skin layers is achieved, so that an evenly tanned leather with a consistent shrinkage temperature across all skin layers can be obtained.
- the organic substance having a vicinal diol group is, in particular, an aliphatic substance having a vicinal diol group.
- the organic substance with a vicinal diol group is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof.
- organic substances occur, for example, as a by-product in large-scale industrial processes, such as in the production of biodiesel or in the production of natural soap, and/or can be obtained from renewable raw materials.
- the organic substance with a vicinal diol group is glycerin and/or ethylene glycol.
- the organic substance is selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof,
- Monosaccharides according to the invention are in particular monosaccharides with four to seven carbon atoms and oligosaccharides and polysaccharides according to the invention are in particular oligosaccharides or polysaccharides of these monosaccharides.
- the reaction solution is obtained in particular by partial oxidation.
- the partial oxidation produces in particular a reaction solution which contains glyceraldehyde, an acetal of glyceraldehyde and/or a hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde as the tanning component.
- the partial oxidation takes place according to the WO 2009/100068 A1 described method, whereby adjustments in the reaction procedure are possible to optimize the composition of the reaction solution.
- This process uses glycerin as a starting product, with the glycerin used preferably being produced as a by-product of large-scale processes such as the production of biodiesel and natural soap production, in which renewable raw materials are used.
- the catalyst in particular the iron catalyst, can be used in a proportion of up to 10 percent by weight, preferably up to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction solution.
- Good results can be achieved with 750 to 5000 ppm iron, based on the total weight of the reaction solution, preferably from 1500 to 5000 ppm, particularly preferably from 3500 to 5000 ppm.
- the partial oxidation takes place in particular at a temperature of 35 to 90 °C, preferably from 40 to 70 °C, particularly preferably from 45 to 50 °C.
- the reaction solution is obtained in particular by pyrolysis.
- pyrolysis takes place as aqueous thermolysis as in WO 02/40436 A1 described.
- a finely dispersed aqueous solution of the organic substance is sprayed into a reactor which has a temperature in the range of 500 to 600 °C.
- the pyrolysis product formed in the reactor, which is still in the form of finely divided droplets, is then condensed out to obtain the reaction solution.
- the tanning component is obtained from the organic substance by means of thermal fragmentation, in particular a low salt content of 200 ppm or less being set in the reaction solution in order to increase the yield of tanning active component.
- the thermal fragmentation takes place in particular at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher, for example at a temperature in the range from 350 to 800 ° C, preferably from 400 to 600 ° C, particularly preferably from 500 to 600 ° C.
- the reaction solution according to the invention contains, in addition to the tanning-active component, at least one further tanning-promoting component.
- the tanning-promoting component like the tanning-active component, also has a penetration effect into a skin to be tanned or a substrate to be tanned, but, in contrast to the tanning-active component, does not carry out any tanning itself.
- the tanning-promoting component promotes the penetration effect of the tanning-active component into the nakedness to be tanned. into the substrate to be tanned or increases the proportion of the active tanning component remaining in the nakedness.
- the tanning-promoting component serves in particular to reduce the additional chemical consumption, in that a comparable tanning result can be achieved with a lower use of tanning-active components.
- the tanning-promoting component can have a positive effect on the biodegradability of a leather obtained as well as the tanning and/or process liquors used in the production of the leather, on the coloring of the leather and/or the durability of pre-tanned material.
- the tanning-promoting substance is preferably selected from the group consisting of (poly)hydroxycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, ketones, acetals, hemiacetals and ketals, each with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
- the tanning-promoting substance is preferably also biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
- the tanning-promoting substance is preferably produced as a by-product in the reaction solution from the organic substance, so that no additional addition of tanning-promoting substance is necessary and the production process of the tanning agent is further simplified.
- the tanning-promoting substance can be added to the tanning agent in addition to the reaction solution.
- the reaction solution can contain a solvent, preferably water and glycols such as polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
- the proportion of the solvent in the reaction solution is preferably at most 80 percent by weight, more preferably at most 65 percent by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 50 percent by weight.
- the tanning agent consists of the reaction solution.
- substances are used that are obtained directly from partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis.
- the organic substance used is naturally occurring and/or was made from a renewable raw material, In this way it can be ensured that the production of the tanning agent avoids the use of fossil raw materials as much as possible and is as environmentally friendly and biodegradable as possible.
- the tanning agent may comprise a first tanning component and a second tanning component, the first tanning component being the tanning component of the reaction solution and the second tanning component being selected from the group consisting of synthetic tannins, vegetable tannins and mineral tannins , especially glutardialdehyde and/or chromium salts.
- mixtures of conventional tanning agents and the tanning-active component from the reaction solution can also be used according to the invention.
- the disadvantages of conventional tanning agents can at least be minimized, in particular the tanning agent can be optimized with regard to environmental compatibility and consumption of fossil raw materials, while at the same time the physical and chemical properties of the tanning agent can be adapted with regard to the specific requirements of the intended tanning process.
- the first tanning component is preferably present in the tanning agent in a higher proportion (w/w) than the second tanning component.
- the first tanning component is preferably the main tanning component.
- the second tanning component is, for example, a syntan (synthetic auxiliary tanning agent), a vegetable tanning agent such as hydrolyzable tanning agents (pyrogallol tanning agents), a condensable tanning agent (pyrocatechol tanning agent), a phenolic or non-phenolic tanning agent, a polycondensation or polymerization compound or a combination of that.
- a syntan synthetic auxiliary tanning agent
- a vegetable tanning agent such as hydrolyzable tanning agents (pyrogallol tanning agents), a condensable tanning agent (pyrocatechol tanning agent), a phenolic or non-phenolic tanning agent, a polycondensation or polymerization compound or a combination of that.
- Suitable synthetic auxiliary tanning agents can be produced by sulfonation and condensation of aromatic products.
- the main compounds used here are mostly polynuclear hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene, phenantrene) or in the form of monohydric phenols (phenol, Naphthol, cresol, etc.) are processed as quinoid substances (quinone, antraquinone), amino compounds (aniline, naphthylamine, carbazole).
- the second tanning component can also be a chemically treated lignin sulfonic acid or a chemically treated lignin extract. Natural resins, bitumen and petroleum fractions of any kind can also be used.
- the second tanning component can also be or include a synthetically produced component which is selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, acetals of these compounds, hemiacetals of these compounds and combinations thereof.
- the structurally identical substances can be used as the second tanning component as for the first tanning component, but these do not come from a reaction solution that was obtained by partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis of the organic substance with a vicinal diol group.
- glycolaldehyde can be produced synthetically from formaldehyde, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a suitable catalyst and added as a second tanning component in the tanning agent.
- the synthetic production of glycolaldehyde can be carried out according to the method described in the WO 2005/058788 A1 described method, in which a rhodium catalyst and a phosphine ligand are used.
- tanning-active components which do not occur naturally, cannot be produced from renewable raw materials and/or are not biodegradable, but are minimized in the tanning agent according to the invention.
- the object of the invention is further achieved by the use of a tanning agent as described above for tanning animal hides and skins for the production of leather.
- reaction solution as obtained from the partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis, is directly suitable for use as or in the tanning agent and an excellent tanning effect can be achieved can, while at the same time environmentally friendly materials are preferably used.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a process for tanning animal hides and skins to produce leather, comprising the following steps: First, a nakedness is created. In addition, a tanning liquor is provided which comprises the tanning agent as described above. The nakedness is then treated with the tanning liquor to produce leather.
- ammonium salt or salts are, for example, ammonium chloride and/or ammonium sulfate.
- the nakedness can be pickled. This is based on animal skins which have been stained using pancreatic proteases or other enzymes in a slightly alkaline pH range from 7.0 to 10.0, preferably from 8.0 to 9.0.
- the nakedness can be pickled, i.e. the pH value of the nakedness can be specifically lowered in order to subsequently improve the effect of the tanning agent.
- Pickling can be done using a mixture of formic acid and sulfuric acid.
- the tanning liquor can have a content of tanning-active substance in the range from 1 to 10 percent, preferably from 2 to 4 percent, based on the reference weight of the pelt.
- the naked weight or the pimple weight serves as a reference weight.
- sufficient tanning cannot be expected, while higher levels would result in a higher use of chemicals.
- the tanning agent comprises a first tanning component and a second tanning component
- the aforementioned contents apply to the total content of the first and second tanning components.
- the treatment of the nakedness with the tanning liquor is carried out in particular at a temperature in the range of 10 to 60 ° C.
- a temperature in the range of 10 to 60 ° C Several temperature levels can also be used, for example treatment can initially be carried out at room temperature and then fixed at an elevated temperature, for example at 40 ° C.
- Treating the nakedness with the tanning liquor is carried out in a tanning vessel.
- the pelt can be moved in the tanning vessel.
- the exposure time of the tanning liquor to the nakedness can be shortened to 15 to 60 minutes, preferably 15 to 30 minutes, compared to an exposure time of up to about two hours when tanning with glutaraldehyde.
- the tanning agent can be fixed by increasing the pH value in order to cross-link the skin fibers.
- the pH value of the Tanning liquor increased by adding one or more alkalis, for example by adding sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate.
- the leather is moved in the tanning vessel for at least 60 minutes to balance the pH over its entire cross section.
- Suitable temperatures are in the range from 20 to 50 °C, with temperatures between 30 and 45 °C being preferred.
- a leather with a shrinkage temperature of 70 ° C or more is preferably obtained.
- glycolaldehyde When glycolaldehyde is used as a tanning component, leather with a shrinkage temperature in the range of 75 to 80 ° C is obtained.
- the invention therefore also relates to a leather obtainable by the method described above using the tanning agent according to the invention.
- Example 1 Tanning with partially oxidized glycerin (with pimples)
- a reaction solution obtained by partial oxidation of glycerin is used as a tanning agent.
- the tanning agent consists of 50% by weight water, 30% by weight glyceraldehyde, 9% by weight dihydroxyacetone, 5% by weight formic acid, 3% by weight glyceric acid, 2% by weight of hydroxyacetic acid and 1% by weight of glycerin formal, each based on the total weight of the tanning agent.
- the tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
- the drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
- 50% to 100% water and 10% of the tanning agent are added to the split or unsplit pimple nakedness in a tanning vessel, corresponding to 3% by weight of glyceraldehyde, based on the reference weight.
- the tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process.
- the tanning liquor is left to act for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
- the pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value in the range of 6.0 to 6.5.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this.
- the amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor.
- the work continues as follows or the folding begins directly, that is to say by reducing the thickness of the skin substance, if necessary already to the thickness of the end product.
- the tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material.
- 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 hours.
- the percentages refer to the reference weight.
- the leather After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
- Example 2 Tanning with partially oxidized glycerin (without pimples)
- a reaction solution obtained by partial oxidation of glycerin is used as a tanning agent.
- the tanning agent consists of 50% by weight of water, 30% by weight of glyceraldehyde, 9% by weight of dihydroxyacetone, 5% by weight of formic acid, 3% by weight of glyceric acid, 2% by weight of hydroxyacetic acid and 1% by weight of % glycerin formal, based on the total weight of the tanning agent.
- the tanning agent is used on a delimed and pickled skin in an aqueous liquor.
- the nakedness is weighed, the reference weight in this case referring to the weight obtained after splitting, i.e. the nakedness weight.
- the pH value is measured and, if necessary, adjusted to a pH value below 8 with formic acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
- the acid contained in the tanning agent lowers the pH value.
- the tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process.
- the tanning liquor is left to act for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
- the pH value is then gradually increased to pH 6.0.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this.
- the amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor.
- the temperature is gradually increased to 40 °C within 2 hours in order to fix the tannin.
- a sample of the tanned material is cut off and the shrinkage temperature is checked. If the shrinkage temperature is above around 70 °C to 75 °C, the process can continue.
- the tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material.
- 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 hours.
- the percentages refer to the reference weight.
- the leather After washing again, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
- Example 3 Tanning with pyrolysis products of sugars (with pickles)
- a reaction solution obtained through sugar pyrolysis is used as a tanning agent.
- the tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
- the drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
- the reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
- the tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process.
- the product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
- the pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 6.0.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this.
- the amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor.
- the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25°C) to a temperature of 40°C over 2 hours in order to fix the tannin.
- the tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material.
- 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours.
- the percentages refer to the reference weight.
- the leather After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
- Example 4 Tanning with a mixture of pyrolysis products of sugars and partial glycerol oxidation products (with pickles)
- the tanning agent used is a mixture of a reaction solution obtained by partial oxidation of glycerol and a reaction solution obtained by sugar pyrolysis. In other words, two partial reaction solutions are used in the tanning agent.
- the tanning agent consists of 40% by weight water, 20% by weight glycolaldehyde, 15% by weight glyceraldehyde, 8% by weight invert sugar syrup, 5% by weight dihydroxyacetone, 5% by weight formic acid, 2% by weight % glyceric acid, 2 wt.% hydroxyacetic acid, 2 wt.% acetic acid and 1 wt.% glycerol formal.
- the tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
- the drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
- the reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
- the tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process.
- the product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
- the pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 6.0.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this.
- the amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor.
- the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25°C) to a temperature of 40°C over 2 hours in order to fix the tannin.
- the tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material.
- 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours.
- the leather After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
- Example 5 Tanning with acetals and hemiacetals of glyceraldehyde (with pimples)
- a mixture of a reaction solution, which was obtained by partial oxidation of glycerin, and butyl diglycol is used as a tanning agent.
- the tanning agent consists of 40% by weight of water, 20% by weight of glyceraldehyde, 15% by weight of glyceraldehyde butyl diglycol acetal, 15% by weight of butyl diglycol and 10% by weight of dihydroxyacetone and its ketal with butyl diglycol.
- the tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
- the drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
- the reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
- the tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process.
- the product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
- the pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 7.0.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this.
- the amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor.
- the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25 °C) to a temperature of 40 °C over 4 hours in order to fix the tannin.
- shrinkage temperature is checked. If the shrinkage temperature is above about 70°C to 75°C, the process can continue.
- the tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material.
- 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours.
- the percentages refer to the reference weight.
- the leather After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
- Example 6 Tanning with acetals and hemiacetals of glycolaldehyde (with pimples)
- a mixture of a reaction solution obtained by sugar pyrolysis and butyl diglycol is used as a tanning agent.
- the tanning agent consists of 30% by weight of water, 15% by weight of glycolaldehyde, 20% by weight of glycolaldehyde butyl diglycol acetal, 15% by weight of butyl diglycol and 20% by weight of invert sugar syrup.
- the tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
- the drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
- the reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
- the tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process.
- the product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
- the pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 7.0.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this.
- the amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor.
- the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25°C) to a temperature of 40°C over 4 hours in order to fix the tannin.
- the tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material.
- 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours.
- the percentages refer to the reference weight.
- the leather After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gerbmittel und die Verwendung eines solchen Gerbmittels zum Gerben von Tierhäuten und Fellen, ein Verfahren zum Gerben von Tierhäuten und Fellen zur Herstellung von Leder sowie ein daraus erhaltenes Leder.The invention relates to a tanning agent and the use of such a tanning agent for tanning animal skins and skins, a process for tanning animal skins and skins to produce leather, and leather obtained therefrom.
Beim Gerben wird tierisches Kollagen in Häuten derart verändert, dass das aus der Gerbung entstandene Leder Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber Hitze, Umwelteinflüssen und Mikroorganismen besitzt sowie nach Trocknung des entstandenen Leders die Geschmeidigkeit der gegerbten Haut erhalten bleibt.During tanning, animal collagen in hides is changed in such a way that the leather resulting from tanning is resistant to heat, environmental influences and microorganisms, and the suppleness of the tanned skin is retained after the resulting leather has dried.
Im Wesentlichen werden drei Gerbverfahren angewandt: die mineralische Gerbung, insbesondere die Chromgerbung, die vegetabile Gerbung, beispielsweise mit Tara, Mimosa, Quebracho oder Kastanie, und die synthetische Gerbung, insbesondere mit Glutardialdehyd, die auf unterschiedlichen Strategien beruhen.Essentially three tanning processes are used: mineral tanning, in particular chrome tanning, vegetable tanning, for example with tare, mimosa, quebracho or chestnut, and synthetic tanning, in particular with glutaraldehyde, which are based on different strategies.
Die Chromgerbung weist die größte wirtschaftliche Bedeutung auf. Hydratisierte Chromkomplexe, die sich zwischen die Carboxylgruppen von Glutaminsäure und Asparaginsäure des Kollagenpeptidgerüstes der Haut lagern, führen zu einem widerstandsfähigen und weichen Leder. Neben der zu erreichenden guten Lederqualität wurde mit Chromgerbstoff eine schnelle und kostengünstige Prozessführung etabliert. Nach demselben Wirkprinzip wirken auch andere Mineralgerbstoffe, die beispielsweise auf Basis von Aluminium oder Zirkonium arbeiten.Chrome tanning is of greatest economic importance. Hydrated chromium complexes, which are located between the carboxyl groups of glutamic acid and aspartic acid of the skin's collagen peptide structure, result in a resilient and soft leather. In addition to the good leather quality that can be achieved, a fast and cost-effective process was established with chrome tanning. Other mineral tanning agents, such as those based on aluminum or zirconium, also work according to the same principle.
Die Verwendung von (Schwer-)Metallen weist eine Reihe von Nachteilen auf. Es ist zum Beispiel bekannt, dass Chrom(VI) bei Hautkontakt allergische Reaktionen auslösen kann. Üblicherweise werden im Gerbprozess Chrom(III)-Sulfate eingesetzt. Chrom(VI) kann jedoch durch Oxidation aus Chrom (III) entstehen, oder gelangt über Gerbstoffverunreinigungen in den Gerbprozess. Weitere Nachteile einer (schwer-)metallbelasteten Gerbung sind die aufwändige Behandlung der Abwässer über eine Anlage zur Rückgewinnung von Chrom und anderen Schwermetallen sowie die teure Entsorgung von Lederresten wie Falzspänen mittels Deponieverfahren oder Verbrennung.The use of (heavy) metals has a number of disadvantages. For example, it is known that chromium(VI) can trigger allergic reactions when it comes into contact with the skin. Chromium(III) sulfates are usually used in the tanning process. However, chromium (VI) can be formed from chromium (III) through oxidation or enters the tanning process via tannin impurities. Further disadvantages of tanning containing (heavy) metals are that it is complex Treatment of the wastewater via a plant for the recovery of chromium and other heavy metals as well as the expensive disposal of leather residues such as shavings using landfill processes or incineration.
Die vegetabile Gerbung setzt Tannine ein, welche aus Pflanzen extrahiert werden. Jedoch benötigt die vegetabile Gerbung lange und aufwendige Gerbprozesse, weswegen die vegetabile Gerbung größtenteils von der Chromgerbung abgelöst wurde.Vegetable tanning uses tannins that are extracted from plants. However, vegetable tanning requires long and complex tanning processes, which is why vegetable tanning has largely been replaced by chrome tanning.
Eine weitere weit verbreitete Gerbmethode ist die synthetische Gerbung mit Glutardialdehyd, bei der die Bifunktionalität des Glutardialdehyds dazu dient, die Peptidfasern der Haut zu vernetzen. Die Wirkungsweise ist hauptsächlich auf die Reaktivität an den Stickstofffunktionalitäten der zu Grunde liegenden Aminosäuren zurückzuführen. Das Glutardialdehyd reagiert an zwei verschiedenen Fasern und verbindet diese so permanent durch die Ausbildung einer kovalenten Bindung.Another widely used tanning method is synthetic tanning with glutaraldehyde, in which the bifunctionality of glutaraldehyde serves to cross-link the peptide fibers of the skin. The mode of action is mainly due to the reactivity to the nitrogen functionalities of the underlying amino acids. The glutaraldehyde reacts on two different fibers and permanently connects them by forming a covalent bond.
Nachteile dieses Verfahrens sind die ungünstigen toxikologischen Eigenschaften des Glutardialdehyds, insbesondere dessen Umwelttoxizität und die nicht vorhandene biologische Abbaubarkeit, sowie die energieaufwändige und klimagefährdende Erzeugung aus petrochemischen Grundstoffen. Ferner ist aufgrund der Respirationstoxizität und Mutagenität von Glutardialdehyd nach der REACH-Verordnung eine Einstufung als SVHC-Stoff zu erwarten. Mit Glutardialdehyd gegerbte Leder weisen ferner eine über die Hautschichten variierende Schrumpfungstemperatur auf.The disadvantages of this process are the unfavorable toxicological properties of glutardialdehyde, in particular its environmental toxicity and non-existent biodegradability, as well as the energy-intensive and climate-hazardous production from petrochemical raw materials. Furthermore, due to the respiratory toxicity and mutagenicity of glutardialdehyde, it is expected to be classified as an SVHC substance according to the REACH regulation. Leather tanned with glutaraldehyde also has a shrinkage temperature that varies across the skin layers.
Erstrebenswerter sind umweltverträgliche Gerbverfahren, die insbesondere Verbindungen einsetzen, die aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen gewonnen werden können.Environmentally friendly tanning processes that use compounds that can be obtained from renewable raw materials are more desirable.
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Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine umweltverträgliche und leistungsfähige Möglichkeit zum Gerben bereitzustellen, welche einen geringen Energieverbrauch und/oder einen geringen Chemikalienverbrauch ermöglicht. Insbesondere sollen die Gerbmittel aus weltweit verfügbaren, biologisch abbaubaren und/oder aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen erhältlichen Verbindungen hergestellt werden können.It is the object of the invention to provide an environmentally friendly and efficient option for tanning, which enables low energy consumption and/or low chemical consumption. In particular, the tanning agents should be able to be produced from globally available, biodegradable and/or renewable raw materials.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird gelöst durch ein Gerbmittel gemäß Anspruch 1.The object of the invention is achieved by a tanning agent according to claim 1.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird somit gelöst durch ein Gerbmittel, umfassend eine Reaktionslösung, welche eine gerbaktive Komponente enthält, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Glycerinaldehyd, Glycolaldehyd, Acetalen dieser Verbindungen, Hemiacetalen dieser Verbindungen und Kombinationen davon, wobei die Reaktionslösung erhalten ist durch partielle Oxidation und/oder Pyrolyse einer organischen Substanz mit einer vicinalen Diolgruppe.The object of the invention is thus achieved by a tanning agent comprising a reaction solution which contains a tanning component which is selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, acetals of these compounds, hemiacetals of these compounds and combinations thereof, the reaction solution being obtained by partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis of an organic substance with a vicinal diol group.
Es wurde erkannt, dass ausgehend von organischen Substanzen mit einer vicinalen Diolgruppe eine Reaktionslösung erhalten werden kann, welche sich aufgrund der durch die partielle Oxidation und/oder Pyrolyse entstehenden Verbindungen Glycerinaldehyd, auch als 1,2-Dihydroxypropanal bezeichnet, Glycolaldehyd, auch als Hydroxyethanal bezeichnet, Acetalen dieser Verbindungen und/oder Hemiacetalen dieser Verbindungen direkt für den Einsatz in einem Gerbmittel eignet.It was recognized that starting from organic substances with a vicinal diol group, a reaction solution can be obtained which is due to the compounds glyceraldehyde, also referred to as 1,2-dihydroxypropanal, glycolaldehyde, also referred to as hydroxyethanal, formed by the partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis , acetals of these compounds and/or hemiacetals of these compounds are directly suitable for use in a tanning agent.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die gerbaktive Komponente insbesondere biologisch abbaubar und umweltverträglich. Dadurch wird ein umweltverträgliches und ressourcenschonendes Gerben ermöglicht. Zudem sinkt im Vergleich zu klassischen Gerbverfahren, beispielsweise der Chromgerbung, der Aufwand in der Entsorgung von bei der Anwendung des Gerbmittels anfallenden Abfällen erheblich, wodurch ein kostengünstigerer Gerbprozess ermöglicht wird.According to the invention, the tanning component is in particular biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This enables environmentally friendly and resource-saving tanning. In addition, compared to classic tanning processes, such as chrome tanning, the effort involved in disposing of waste resulting from the use of the tanning agent is significantly reduced, which enables a more cost-effective tanning process.
Insbesondere können organische Substanzen als Ausgangsprodukt verwendet werden, welche natürlich vorkommen und/oder aus erneuerbaren Rohstoffen hergestellt werden können. Auf diese Weise kann der Einsatz von fossilen Rohstoffen, beispielsweise erdöl- und/oder erdgasbasierter Ausgangsstoffe, in der Herstellung von Gerbmitteln vermieden oder zumindest reduziert werden.In particular, organic substances that occur naturally and/or from renewable raw materials can be used as starting products can be produced. In this way, the use of fossil raw materials, for example crude oil and/or natural gas-based raw materials, in the production of tanning agents can be avoided or at least reduced.
Die gerbaktive Komponente ist ferner hydrophil und dringt schnell in die zu gerbenden Hautschichten ein. Dadurch kann die Einwirkzeit der Gerbflotte im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Gerbmitteln verkürzt werden. Zusätzlich wird eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der gerbaktiven Komponente in den Hautschichten erreicht, so dass ein gleichmäßig durchgegerbtes Leder mit einer über alle Hautschichten gleichbleibenden Schrumpfungstemperatur erhalten werden kann.The tanning component is also hydrophilic and quickly penetrates the skin layers to be tanned. This means that the exposure time of the tanning liquor can be shortened compared to conventional tanning agents. In addition, an even distribution of the active tanning component in the skin layers is achieved, so that an evenly tanned leather with a consistent shrinkage temperature across all skin layers can be obtained.
Die organische Substanz mit einer vicinalen Diolgruppe ist insbesondere eine aliphatische Substanz mit einer vicinalen Diolgruppe.The organic substance having a vicinal diol group is, in particular, an aliphatic substance having a vicinal diol group.
Bevorzugt ist die organische Substanz mit einer vicinalen Diolgruppe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Glycerin, Ethylenglykol, Monosacchariden, Oligosacchariden, Polysacchariden und Kombinationen davon.Preferably, the organic substance with a vicinal diol group is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof.
Diese organischen Substanzen fallen beispielsweise als Nebenprodukt in großtechnischen Prozessen an, wie beispielsweise in der Produktion von Biodiesel oder bei der Naturseifenherstellung, und/oder können aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen gewonnen werden.These organic substances occur, for example, as a by-product in large-scale industrial processes, such as in the production of biodiesel or in the production of natural soap, and/or can be obtained from renewable raw materials.
In einer Variante ist die organische Substanz mit einer vicinalen Diolgruppe Glycerin und/oder Ethylenglykol.In one variant, the organic substance with a vicinal diol group is glycerin and/or ethylene glycol.
In einer weiteren Variante ist die organische Substanz ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Monosacchariden, Oligosacchariden, Polysacchariden und Kombinationen davon,
Erfindungsgemäße Monosaccharide sind insbesondere Monosaccharide mit vier bis sieben Kohlenstoffatomen und erfindungsgemäße Oligosaccharide und Polysaccharide sind insbesondere Oligo- beziehungsweise Polysaccharide dieser Monosaccharide.In a further variant, the organic substance is selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof,
Monosaccharides according to the invention are in particular monosaccharides with four to seven carbon atoms and oligosaccharides and polysaccharides according to the invention are in particular oligosaccharides or polysaccharides of these monosaccharides.
Ist die organische Substanz Glycerin und/oder Ethylenglykol, wird die Reaktionslösung insbesondere durch partielle Oxidation erhalten.If the organic substance is glycerin and/or ethylene glycol, the reaction solution is obtained in particular by partial oxidation.
Die partielle Oxidation erzeugt insbesondere eine Reaktionslösung, welche als gerbaktive Komponente Glycerinaldehyd, ein Acetal von Glycerinaldehyd und/oder ein Hemiacetal von Glycerinaldehyd enthält.The partial oxidation produces in particular a reaction solution which contains glyceraldehyde, an acetal of glyceraldehyde and/or a hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde as the tanning component.
Beispielsweise erfolgt die partielle Oxidation gemäß des in der
Die partielle Oxidation erfolgt insbesondere unter Einsatz von Wasserstoffperoxid als Oxidationsmittel in Kombination mit einem geeigneten Katalysator, beispielweise ein Eisenkatalysator wie Eisen-(II)-sulfat.The partial oxidation takes place in particular using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent in combination with a suitable catalyst, for example an iron catalyst such as iron (II) sulfate.
Der Katalysator, insbesondere der Eisenkatalysator, kann in Abhängigkeit der weiteren Reaktionsbedingungen in einem Anteil von bis zu 10 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise bis zu 5 Gewichtsprozent eingesetzt werden, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Reaktionslösung. Gute Ergebnisse können mit 750 bis 5000 ppm Eisen erzielt werden, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Reaktionslösung, bevorzugt von 1500 bis 5000 ppm, besonders bevorzugt von 3500 bis 5000 ppm.Depending on the further reaction conditions, the catalyst, in particular the iron catalyst, can be used in a proportion of up to 10 percent by weight, preferably up to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction solution. Good results can be achieved with 750 to 5000 ppm iron, based on the total weight of the reaction solution, preferably from 1500 to 5000 ppm, particularly preferably from 3500 to 5000 ppm.
Die partielle Oxidation erfolgt insbesondere bei einer Temperatur von 35 bis 90 °C, bevorzugt von 40 bis 70 °C, besonders bevorzugt von 45 bis 50°C.The partial oxidation takes place in particular at a temperature of 35 to 90 °C, preferably from 40 to 70 °C, particularly preferably from 45 to 50 °C.
Als Ausgangsprodukt kann gereinigtes oder ungereinigtes Glycerin eingesetzt werden, mit einem Anteil von 10 Gew.-% bis 99.5 Gew.-% Glycerin im verwendeten Ausgangsprodukt. Bevorzugt wird gereinigtes Glycerin mit einem Reinheitsgrad von 90 Gew.-% bis 99,5 Gew.-% Glycerin verwendet. Der Anteil von Glycerin in der Reaktionslösung zu Beginn der Oxidation beträgt vorzugsweise von 80 Gew.-% bis 90 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Reaktionslösung.Purified or unpurified glycerin can be used as the starting product, with a proportion of 10% by weight to 99.5% by weight of glycerin in the starting product used. Purified glycerin with a purity of 90% by weight to 99.5% by weight of glycerin is preferably used. The proportion of glycerol in the reaction solution at the start of the oxidation is preferably from 80% by weight to 90% by weight, based on the weight of the reaction solution.
Ist die organische Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Monosacchariden, Oligosacchariden, Polysacchariden und Kombination davon ausgewählt, wird die Reaktionslösung insbesondere durch Pyrolyse erhalten.If the organic substance is selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof, the reaction solution is obtained in particular by pyrolysis.
Beispielsweise erfolgt die Pyrolyse als wässrige Thermolyse wie in der
Alternativ kann die Pyrolyse wie in der
Die thermische Fragmentierung findet insbesondere bei einer Temperatur von 300 °C oder höher statt, beispielweise bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 350 bis 800 °C, bevorzugt von 400 bis 600 °C, besonders bevorzugt von 500 bis 600 °C.The thermal fragmentation takes place in particular at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher, for example at a temperature in the range from 350 to 800 ° C, preferably from 400 to 600 ° C, particularly preferably from 500 to 600 ° C.
Grundsätzlich können auch mehrere Teilreaktionslösungen, welche über verschiedene Verfahren gewonnen wurden, zur Reaktionslösung vermischt werden, um eine gewünschte Zusammensetzung zu erhalten, wobei jede der Teilreaktionslösungen wie zuvor beschrieben erhalten sind. Auf diese Weise kann eine flexiblere Prozessführung in Abhängigkeit der verfügbaren organischen Substanzen realisiert werden sowie eine flexible Anpassung der chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der Reaktionslösung erfolgen.In principle, several partial reaction solutions, which were obtained via different processes, can also be mixed to form the reaction solution in order to obtain a desired composition, with each of the partial reaction solutions being obtained as described above. In this way, a more flexible process control can be implemented depending on the available organic substances and the chemical and physical properties of the reaction solution can be flexibly adjusted.
Um die Gerbwirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbmittels weiter zu steigern, enthält die Reaktionslösung erfindungsgemäß neben der gerbaktiven Komponente wenigstens eine weitere gerbfördernde Komponente.In order to further increase the tanning effect of the tanning agent according to the invention, the reaction solution according to the invention contains, in addition to the tanning-active component, at least one further tanning-promoting component.
Die gerbfördernde Komponente zeigt wie die gerbaktive Komponente ebenfalls eine Penetrationswirkung in eine zu gerbende Blöße bzw. ein zu gerbendes Substrat, führt jedoch im Gegensatz zur gerbaktiven Komponente selbst keine Gerbung durch. Insbesondere fördert die gerbfördernde Komponente die Penetrationswirkung der gerbaktiven Komponente in die zu gerbende Blöße bzw. in das zu gerbende Substrat oder steigert den Anteil der in der Blöße verbleibenden gerbaktiven Komponente.The tanning-promoting component, like the tanning-active component, also has a penetration effect into a skin to be tanned or a substrate to be tanned, but, in contrast to the tanning-active component, does not carry out any tanning itself. In particular, the tanning-promoting component promotes the penetration effect of the tanning-active component into the nakedness to be tanned. into the substrate to be tanned or increases the proportion of the active tanning component remaining in the nakedness.
Die gerbfördernde Komponente dient insbesondere zum Absenken des zusätzlichen Chemikalienverbrauchs, indem bei einem geringeren Einsatz an gerbaktiver Komponente ein vergleichbares Gerbergebnis erzielt werden kann. Zudem kann sich die gerbfördernde Komponente positiv auf die biologische Abbaubarkeit eines erhaltenen Leders sowie der in der Herstellung des Leders eingesetzten Gerb- und/oder Prozessflotten, auf die Färbung des Leders und/oder die Haltbarkeit von vorgegerbten Material auswirken.The tanning-promoting component serves in particular to reduce the additional chemical consumption, in that a comparable tanning result can be achieved with a lower use of tanning-active components. In addition, the tanning-promoting component can have a positive effect on the biodegradability of a leather obtained as well as the tanning and/or process liquors used in the production of the leather, on the coloring of the leather and/or the durability of pre-tanned material.
Die gerbfördernde Substanz ist bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus (Poly)Hydroxycarbonsäuren, Carbonsäuren, Ketonen, Acetalen, Hemiacetalen und Ketalen, jeweils mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, sowie Mischungen davon.The tanning-promoting substance is preferably selected from the group consisting of (poly)hydroxycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, ketones, acetals, hemiacetals and ketals, each with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
Die gerbfördernde Substanz ist bevorzugt ebenfalls biologisch abbaubar und umweltverträglich.The tanning-promoting substance is preferably also biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
Bevorzugt wird die gerbfördernde Substanz als Nebenprodukt in der Reaktionslösung aus der organischen Substanz erzeugt, sodass keine zusätzliche Zugabe an gerbfördernder Substanz notwendig ist und sich der Herstellungsprozess des Gerbmittels weiter vereinfacht.The tanning-promoting substance is preferably produced as a by-product in the reaction solution from the organic substance, so that no additional addition of tanning-promoting substance is necessary and the production process of the tanning agent is further simplified.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die gerbfördernde Substanz dem Gerbmittel zusätzlich zur Reaktionslösung zugesetzt sein.Alternatively or additionally, the tanning-promoting substance can be added to the tanning agent in addition to the reaction solution.
Die Reaktionslösung kann ein Lösungsmittel enthalten, bevorzugt Wasser und Glykole wie Polyethylenglykol sowie Gemische davon.The reaction solution can contain a solvent, preferably water and glycols such as polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
Der Anteil des Lösungsmittels an der Reaktionslösung beträgt vorzugweise höchstens 80 Gewichtsprozent, weiter bevorzugt höchstens 65 Gewichtsprozent, besonders bevorzugt 20 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent.The proportion of the solvent in the reaction solution is preferably at most 80 percent by weight, more preferably at most 65 percent by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 50 percent by weight.
In einer Variante besteht das Gerbmittel aus der Reaktionslösung. Mit anderen Worten kommen in dieser Variante lediglich Substanzen zum Einsatz, welche direkt aus der partiellen Oxidation und/oder der Pyrolyse erhalten werden. Insbesondere im Fall, dass die eingesetzte organische Substanz natürlich vorkommend ist und/oder aus einem erneuerbaren Rohstoff hergestellt wurde, kann auf diese Weise sichergestellt werden, dass die Herstellung des Gerbmittels auf den Einsatz von fossilen Rohstoffen soweit wie möglich verzichtet und eine möglichst umfassende Umweltverträglichkeit und biologische Abbaubarkeit aufweist.In one variant, the tanning agent consists of the reaction solution. In other words, in this variant only substances are used that are obtained directly from partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis. In particular in the case that the organic substance used is naturally occurring and/or was made from a renewable raw material, In this way it can be ensured that the production of the tanning agent avoids the use of fossil raw materials as much as possible and is as environmentally friendly and biodegradable as possible.
Es ist auch möglich, dass das Gerbmittel eine erste gerbaktive Komponente und eine zweite gerbaktive Komponente umfasst, wobei die erste gerbaktive Komponente die gerbaktive Komponente der Reaktionslösung ist und die zweite gerbaktive Komponente ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus synthetischen Gerbstoffen, vegetabilen Gerbstoffen und mineralischen Gerbstoffen, insbesondere Glutardialdehyd und/oder Chromsalze.It is also possible for the tanning agent to comprise a first tanning component and a second tanning component, the first tanning component being the tanning component of the reaction solution and the second tanning component being selected from the group consisting of synthetic tannins, vegetable tannins and mineral tannins , especially glutardialdehyde and/or chromium salts.
Mit anderen Worten können auch Mischungen aus konventionellen Gerbstoffen und der gerbaktiven Komponente aus der Reaktionslösung erfindungsgemäß zum Einsatz kommen. In dieser Alternative können die Nachteile der konventionellen Gerbstoffe zumindest minimiert werden, insbesondere kann das Gerbmittel hinsichtlich Umweltverträglichkeit und Verbrauch fossiler Rohstoffe optimiert werden, während zugleich die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Gerbmittels im Hinblick auf spezifische Anforderungen des angedachten Gerbprozesses angepasst werden können.In other words, mixtures of conventional tanning agents and the tanning-active component from the reaction solution can also be used according to the invention. In this alternative, the disadvantages of conventional tanning agents can at least be minimized, in particular the tanning agent can be optimized with regard to environmental compatibility and consumption of fossil raw materials, while at the same time the physical and chemical properties of the tanning agent can be adapted with regard to the specific requirements of the intended tanning process.
Bevorzugt liegt im Gerbmittel die erste gerbaktive Komponente in einem höheren Anteil (w/w) vor als die zweite gerbaktive Komponente. Mit anderen Worten ist die erste gerbaktive Komponente bevorzugt die gerbaktive Hauptkomponente.The first tanning component is preferably present in the tanning agent in a higher proportion (w/w) than the second tanning component. In other words, the first tanning component is preferably the main tanning component.
Die zweite gerbaktive Komponente ist beispielsweise ein Syntan (synthetischer Hilfsgerbstoff), ein vegetabiler Gerbstoff wie zum Beispiel hydrolysierbare Gerbstoffe (Pyrogallol-Gerbstoffe), ein kondensierbarer Gerbstoff (Pyrokatechin-Gerbstoffe), ein phenolischer oder nichtphenolischer Gerbstoff, eine Polykondensations- oder Polymerisationsverbindung oder eine Kombination davon.The second tanning component is, for example, a syntan (synthetic auxiliary tanning agent), a vegetable tanning agent such as hydrolyzable tanning agents (pyrogallol tanning agents), a condensable tanning agent (pyrocatechol tanning agent), a phenolic or non-phenolic tanning agent, a polycondensation or polymerization compound or a combination of that.
Geeignete synthetische Hilfsgerbstoffe können durch Sulfonierung und Kondensation aromatischer Produkte erzeugt sein. Hierbei werden im Wesentlichen Verbindungen meist mehrkerniger Kohlenwasserstoffe (Naphthalin, Anthracen, Phenantren) eingesetzt oder in Form einwertiger Phenole (Phenol, Naphthol, Kresol u.ä.) als chinoide Substanzen (Chinon, Antrachinon), Aminoverbindungen (Anilin, Naphthylamin, Carbazol) verarbeitet.Suitable synthetic auxiliary tanning agents can be produced by sulfonation and condensation of aromatic products. The main compounds used here are mostly polynuclear hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene, phenantrene) or in the form of monohydric phenols (phenol, Naphthol, cresol, etc.) are processed as quinoid substances (quinone, antraquinone), amino compounds (aniline, naphthylamine, carbazole).
Auch kann die zweite gerbaktive Komponente eine chemisch behandelte Ligninsulfonsäure bzw. ein chemisch behandeltes Ligninextrakt sein. Ebenso können natürliche Harze, Bitumen und Erdölfraktionen jeglicher Art zum Einsatz kommen.The second tanning component can also be a chemically treated lignin sulfonic acid or a chemically treated lignin extract. Natural resins, bitumen and petroleum fractions of any kind can also be used.
Die zweite gerbaktive Komponente kann auch eine synthetisch hergestellte Komponente sein oder umfassen, welche ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Glycerinaldehyd, Glycolaldehyd, Acetalen dieser Verbindungen, Hemiacetalen dieser Verbindungen und Kombinationen davon.The second tanning component can also be or include a synthetically produced component which is selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, acetals of these compounds, hemiacetals of these compounds and combinations thereof.
Mit anderen Worten können als zweite gerbaktive Komponente die strukturell gleichen Substanzen wie für die erste gerbaktive Komponente zum Einsatz kommen, welche jedoch nicht aus einer Reaktionslösung stammen, die durch partielle Oxidation und/oder Pyrolyse der organischen Substanz mit einer vicinalen Diolgruppe erhalten wurde.In other words, the structurally identical substances can be used as the second tanning component as for the first tanning component, but these do not come from a reaction solution that was obtained by partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis of the organic substance with a vicinal diol group.
Beispielsweise kann Glycolaldehyd aus Formaldehyd, Wasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid und einem geeigneten Katalysator synthetisch hergestellt und als zweite gerbaktive Komponente im Gerbmittel zugesetzt sein. Die synthetische Herstellung des Glycolaldehyds kann gemäß dem in der
Bevorzugt wird der Einsatz von gerbaktiven Komponenten, welche nicht natürlich vorkommen, nicht aus erneuerbaren Rohstoffen herstellbar und/oder nicht biologisch abbaubar sind, im erfindungsgemäßen Gerbmittel jedoch minimiert.Preference is given to the use of tanning-active components which do not occur naturally, cannot be produced from renewable raw materials and/or are not biodegradable, but are minimized in the tanning agent according to the invention.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird des Weiteren gelöst durch die Verwendung eines Gerbmittels wie zuvor beschrieben zum Gerben von Tierhäuten und Fellen zur Herstellung von Leder.The object of the invention is further achieved by the use of a tanning agent as described above for tanning animal hides and skins for the production of leather.
Insbesondere wurde erkannt, dass sich die Reaktionslösung, wie sie aus der partiellen Oxidation und/oder der Pyrolyse erhalten wird, direkt für den Einsatz als bzw. im Gerbmittel eignet und eine ausgezeichnete Gerbwirkung erzielt werden kann, während zugleich bevorzugt umweltverträgliche Stoffe zum Einsatz kommen.In particular, it was recognized that the reaction solution, as obtained from the partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis, is directly suitable for use as or in the tanning agent and an excellent tanning effect can be achieved can, while at the same time environmentally friendly materials are preferably used.
Ferner wird die Aufgabe der Erfindung gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Gerben von Tierhäuten und Fellen zur Herstellung von Leder, umfassend folgende Schritte: Zunächst wird eine Blöße erzeugt. Zudem wird eine Gerbflotte bereitgestellt, welche das Gerbmittel wie zuvor beschrieben umfasst. Anschließend wird die Blöße mit der Gerbflotte unter Erhalt eines Leders behandelt.Furthermore, the object of the invention is achieved by a process for tanning animal hides and skins to produce leather, comprising the following steps: First, a nakedness is created. In addition, a tanning liquor is provided which comprises the tanning agent as described above. The nakedness is then treated with the tanning liquor to produce leather.
Die Blöße kann entkälkt werden, das heißt, in die Blöße aufgenommener Kalk kann in leichtlösliche Salze überführt und in dieser Form entfernt werden. Zu diesem Zweck geht man von Tierhäuten aus, die unter Verwendung von Säuren wie beispielweise Mineralsäuren, Sulfonsäuren, aliphatischen und aromatischen Säuren, mehrwertigen aliphatischen und aromatischen Säuren, Salze der genannten Säuren, sowie durch ein Ammoniumsalz oder mehrere Ammoniumsalze entkälkt sind.The nakedness can be decalcified, which means that lime absorbed into the nakedness can be converted into easily soluble salts and removed in this form. For this purpose, one starts from animal skins that have been decalcified using acids such as mineral acids, sulfonic acids, aliphatic and aromatic acids, polyvalent aliphatic and aromatic acids, salts of the acids mentioned, and an ammonium salt or several ammonium salts.
Das Ammoniumsalz bzw. die Ammoniumsalze sind beispielsweise Ammoniumchlorid und/oder Ammoniumsulfat.The ammonium salt or salts are, for example, ammonium chloride and/or ammonium sulfate.
Die Blöße kann gebeizt werden. Dazu wird von Tierhäuten ausgegangen, welche unter Verwendung von Pankreas-Proteasen oder anderer Enzyme in einem leicht alkalischen pH-Bereich von 7,0 bis zu 10,0, bevorzugt von 8,0 bis 9,0, gebeizt wurden.The nakedness can be pickled. This is based on animal skins which have been stained using pancreatic proteases or other enzymes in a slightly alkaline pH range from 7.0 to 10.0, preferably from 8.0 to 9.0.
Vor dem Einsatz des Gerbmittels, und ggf. nach dem Entkälken und/oder Beizen, kann die Blöße gepickelt werden, das heißt der pH-Wert der Blöße kann gezielt abgesenkt werden, um die Einwirkung des Gerbmittels nachfolgend zu verbessern.Before using the tanning agent, and if necessary after descaling and/or pickling, the nakedness can be pickled, i.e. the pH value of the nakedness can be specifically lowered in order to subsequently improve the effect of the tanning agent.
Das Pickeln kann unter Einsatz einer Mischung aus Ameisensäure und Schwefelsäure erfolgen.Pickling can be done using a mixture of formic acid and sulfuric acid.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann aufgrund der Verwendung des zuvor beschriebenen Gerbmittels, insbesondere wegen der guten Penetrationseigenschaften des Gerbmittels, auf das Pickeln der Blöße verzichtet und trotzdem ein Leder mit hervorragenden Eigenschaften erhalten werden. Die Gerbflotte kann somit auf einer Blöße ohne Pickel eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere bleibt die Schrumpfungstemperatur über alle Hautschichten des nach dem Gerben erhaltenen Leders konstant, selbst wenn die Blöße nicht gepickelt wird.In the process according to the invention, due to the use of the tanning agent described above, in particular because of the good penetration properties of the tanning agent, pickling of the pelt can be dispensed with and a leather with excellent properties can still be obtained. The Tanning liquor can therefore be used on a naked skin without pimples. In particular, the shrinkage temperature remains constant across all skin layers of the leather obtained after tanning, even if the nakedness is not picked.
Die Gerbflotte kann einen Gehalt an gerbaktiver Substanz im Bereich von 1 bis 10 Prozent aufweisen, bevorzugt von 2 bis 4 Prozent, bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht der Blöße. Als Referenzgewicht dient insbesondere das Blößengewicht oder das Pickelgewicht. Bei niedrigeren Gehalten an gerbaktiver Substanz ist keine ausreichende Gerbung zu erwarten, während höhere Gehalte einen höheren Chemikalieneinsatz zur Folge hätten.The tanning liquor can have a content of tanning-active substance in the range from 1 to 10 percent, preferably from 2 to 4 percent, based on the reference weight of the pelt. In particular, the naked weight or the pimple weight serves as a reference weight. At lower levels of tanning-active substance, sufficient tanning cannot be expected, while higher levels would result in a higher use of chemicals.
Umfasst das Gerbmittel eine erste gerbaktive Komponente und eine zweite gerbaktive Komponente, gelten die zuvor genannten Gehalte für den Gesamtgehalt an erster und zweiter gerbaktiver Komponente.If the tanning agent comprises a first tanning component and a second tanning component, the aforementioned contents apply to the total content of the first and second tanning components.
Der pH-Wert der Gerbflotte kann auf einen pH-Wert im Bereich von 2,0 bis 10,0 eingestellt werden, bevorzugt von 3,0 bis 8,0.The pH of the tanning liquor can be adjusted to a pH in the range from 2.0 to 10.0, preferably from 3.0 to 8.0.
Das Behandeln der Blöße mit der Gerbflotte wird insbesondere bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 10 bis 60 °C durchgeführt. Es können auch mehrere Temperaturstufen zum Einsatz kommen, beispielsweise kann zunächst bei Raumtemperatur behandelt werden, um anschließend bei einer erhöhten Temperatur zu fixieren, beispielsweise bei 40 °C.The treatment of the nakedness with the tanning liquor is carried out in particular at a temperature in the range of 10 to 60 ° C. Several temperature levels can also be used, for example treatment can initially be carried out at room temperature and then fixed at an elevated temperature, for example at 40 ° C.
Das Behandeln der Blöße mit der Gerbflotte wird in einem Gerbgefäß durchgeführt. Um eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Penetration der Blöße zu gewährleisten, kann die Blöße im Gerbgefäß bewegt werden.Treating the nakedness with the tanning liquor is carried out in a tanning vessel. To ensure even and complete penetration of the pelt, the pelt can be moved in the tanning vessel.
Wegen der guten Penetrationswirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbmittels kann die Einwirkzeit der Gerbflotte auf die Blöße auf 15 bis 60 min, bevorzugt 15 bis 30 min, verkürzt werden, im Vergleich zu einer Einwirkzeit von bis zu etwa zwei Stunden beim Gerben mit Glutardialdehyd.Because of the good penetration effect of the tanning agent according to the invention, the exposure time of the tanning liquor to the nakedness can be shortened to 15 to 60 minutes, preferably 15 to 30 minutes, compared to an exposure time of up to about two hours when tanning with glutaraldehyde.
Nachdem das aus der Blöße erhaltene Leder im gesamten Querschnitt mit dem Gerbmittel penetriert wurde, kann das Gerbmittel durch Erhöhung des pH-Wertes fixiert werden, um die Hautfasern zu vernetzen. Dabei wird der pH-Wert der Gerbflotte durch Zugabe einer oder mehrerer Alkalien erhöht, beispielsweise durch Zugabe von Natriumcarbonat und/oder Natriumhydrogencarbonat.After the leather obtained from the nakedness has been penetrated with the tanning agent over its entire cross section, the tanning agent can be fixed by increasing the pH value in order to cross-link the skin fibers. The pH value of the Tanning liquor increased by adding one or more alkalis, for example by adding sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate.
Der pH-Wert der Gerbflotte wird insbesondere auf einen pH-Wert im Bereich von 5,0 bis 7,0 eingestellt, bevorzugt von 5,5 bis 6,5.The pH of the tanning liquor is adjusted in particular to a pH in the range from 5.0 to 7.0, preferably from 5.5 to 6.5.
Nachdem der pH-Wert eingestellt wurde, wird das Leder zum pH-Ausgleich über dessen gesamten Querschnitt insbesondere noch mindestens 60 Minuten im Gerbgefäß bewegt.After the pH value has been adjusted, the leather is moved in the tanning vessel for at least 60 minutes to balance the pH over its entire cross section.
Durch eine Temperaturerhöhung kann dieser Vorgang beschleunigt werden. Geeignete Temperaturen liegen im Bereich von 20 bis 50 °C, wobei Temperaturen zwischen 30 und 45 °C bevorzugt hervorzuheben sind.This process can be accelerated by increasing the temperature. Suitable temperatures are in the range from 20 to 50 °C, with temperatures between 30 and 45 °C being preferred.
Bevorzugt wird ein Leder mit einer Schrumpfungstemperatur von 70 °C oder mehr erhalten.A leather with a shrinkage temperature of 70 ° C or more is preferably obtained.
Bei Einsatz von Glycerinaldehyd als gerbaktiver Komponente wird insbesondere ein Leder mit einer Schrumpfungstemperatur im Bereich von 72 bis 76 °C erhalten.When glyceraldehyde is used as the active tanning component, leather with a shrinkage temperature in the range of 72 to 76 ° C is obtained.
Bei Einsatz von Glycolaldehyd als gerbaktive Komponente wird insbesondere ein Leder mit einer Schrumpfungstemperatur im Bereich von 75 bis 80 °C erhalten.When glycolaldehyde is used as a tanning component, leather with a shrinkage temperature in the range of 75 to 80 ° C is obtained.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit auch ein nach dem oben beschriebenen Verfahren unter Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbmittels erhältliches Leder.The invention therefore also relates to a leather obtainable by the method described above using the tanning agent according to the invention.
Weitere Vorteile und Eigenschaften ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele, die jedoch nicht in einem einschränkenden Sinne verstanden werden sollen.Further advantages and properties result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments, which, however, should not be understood in a restrictive sense.
Als Gerbmittel wird eine Reaktionslösung eingesetzt, welche durch partielle Oxidation von Glycerin gewonnen wurde.A reaction solution obtained by partial oxidation of glycerin is used as a tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel besteht aus 50 Gew.-% Wasser, 30 Gew.-% Glycerinaldehyd, 9 Gew.-% Dihydroxyaceton, 5 Gew.-% Ameisensäure, 3 Gew.-% Glycerinsäure, 2 Gew.-% Hydroxyessigsäure und 1 Gew.-% Glycerinformal, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gerbmittels.The tanning agent consists of 50% by weight water, 30% by weight glyceraldehyde, 9% by weight dihydroxyacetone, 5% by weight formic acid, 3% by weight glyceric acid, 2% by weight of hydroxyacetic acid and 1% by weight of glycerin formal, each based on the total weight of the tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel wird auf einer Pickelblöße in wässriger Flotte eingesetzt.The tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
Die abgetropfte Pickelblöße wird zum Ermitteln des Pickelgewichts gewogen, um auf Basis des Pickelgewichts die Einsatzmengen der Chemikalien zu berechnen, das heißt das Pickelgewicht wird als Referenzgewicht verwendet.The drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
Zu der gespaltenen oder ungespaltenen Pickelblöße wird in einem Gerbgefäß 50 % bis 100 % Wasser und 10 % des Gerbmittels hinzugefügt, entsprechend 3 Gew.-% Glycerinaldehyd, jeweils bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht.50% to 100% water and 10% of the tanning agent are added to the split or unsplit pimple nakedness in a tanning vessel, corresponding to 3% by weight of glyceraldehyde, based on the reference weight.
Das Gerbgefäß wird während des gesamten Prozesses bewegt. Die Gerbflotte wird 120 Minuten einwirken gelassen, um eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Penetration zu garantieren.The tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process. The tanning liquor is left to act for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
Danach wird der pH-Wert graduell auf einen pH-Wert im Bereich von 6,0 bis 6,5 angehoben. Hierzu wird Natriumhydrogencarbonat verwendet. Die zugegebene Menge ist abhängig von der Säurekapazität der Gerbflotte. Nach Erreichen des pH-Wertes wird die Temperatur graduell innerhalb von 2 Stunden zunächst auf 30 °C, dann auf 35 °C und schließlich auf 40 °C angehoben, um den Gerbstoff zu fixieren.The pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value in the range of 6.0 to 6.5. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this. The amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor. Once the pH value has been reached, the temperature is gradually increased within 2 hours, first to 30 °C, then to 35 °C and finally to 40 °C in order to fix the tannin.
Nach der Fixierung wird eine Probe des gegerbten Materials entnommen und die Schrumpfungstemperatur überprüft. Sofern die Schrumpfungstemperatur über etwa 70 - 75 °C liegt, kann mit dem Prozess fortgefahren werden.After fixation, a sample of the tanned material is taken and the shrinkage temperature is checked. As long as the shrinkage temperature is above around 70 - 75 °C, the process can continue.
Nach einem anschließenden Waschgang, insbesondere mit Wasser und wahlweise unter Zusatz von Tensiden, wird wie folgt weitergearbeitet oder direkt mit dem Falzen begonnen, das heißt mit dem Verringern der Dicke der Hautsubstanz, ggf. bereits auf die Dicke des Endprodukts.After a subsequent washing cycle, in particular with water and optionally with the addition of surfactants, the work continues as follows or the folding begins directly, that is to say by reducing the thickness of the skin substance, if necessary already to the thickness of the end product.
Auch ist es möglich, die Prozessschritte zu erweitern sowie von den im Stand der Technik bekannten Standardprozessen abzuweichen in Form von zusätzlicher mechanischer Bearbeitung, zum Beispiel durch sogenanntes Nassstollen (Weichmachen) des Leders.It is also possible to expand the process steps and to deviate from the standard processes known in the prior art in the form of additional mechanical processing, for example by so-called wet stubbing (softening) of the leather.
Die Gerbflotte wird abgelassen und das vorgegerbte Material mit 100 % Wasser versetzt. Zu dieser Flotte wird 3 % eines Naphthalensulfon-Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Kondensats sowie 3 % Weizendunst zugesetzt und 2 Stunden auf das Leder einwirken gelassen. Die Prozentangaben beziehen sich jeweils auf das Referenzgewicht.The tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material. 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 hours. The percentages refer to the reference weight.
Nach erneutem Waschen mit Wasser kann das Leder gleichwertig zu Glutaraldehyd-Wetwhite weiterverarbeitet werden.After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
Als Gerbmittel wird eine Reaktionslösung eingesetzt, welche durch partielle Oxidation von Glycerin gewonnen wurde.A reaction solution obtained by partial oxidation of glycerin is used as a tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel besteht aus 50 Gew.-% Wasser, 30 Gew.-% Glycerinaldehyd, 9 Gew.-% Dihydroxyaceton, 5 Gew.-% Ameisensäure, 3 Gew.-% Glycerinsäure, 2 Gew.-% Hydroxyessigsäure und 1 Gew.-% Glycerinformal, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gerbmittels.The tanning agent consists of 50% by weight of water, 30% by weight of glyceraldehyde, 9% by weight of dihydroxyacetone, 5% by weight of formic acid, 3% by weight of glyceric acid, 2% by weight of hydroxyacetic acid and 1% by weight of % glycerin formal, based on the total weight of the tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel wird auf einer entkälkten und gebeizten Blöße in wässriger Flotte eingesetzt.The tanning agent is used on a delimed and pickled skin in an aqueous liquor.
Die Blöße wird gewogen, wobei sich das Referenzgewicht in diesem Fall auf das Gewicht bezieht, welches nach dem Spalten erhalten wird, also auf das Blößengewicht.The nakedness is weighed, the reference weight in this case referring to the weight obtained after splitting, i.e. the nakedness weight.
Zu der vollständig entkälkten und gebeizten Blöße werden in einem Gerbgefäß 100 % Wasser zugesetzt, bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht.100% water, based on the reference weight, is added to the completely delimed and pickled nakedness in a tanning vessel.
Der pH-Wert wird gemessen und falls nötig auf einen pH-Wert unter 8 mit Ameisensäure oder verdünnter Schwefelsäure angepasst.The pH value is measured and, if necessary, adjusted to a pH value below 8 with formic acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
Zu dieser Flotte werden dann 10 % des Gerbmittels zugegeben, bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht.10% of the tanning agent, based on the reference weight, is then added to this liquor.
Durch die enthaltene Säure im Gerbmittel wird der pH-Wert abgesenkt.The acid contained in the tanning agent lowers the pH value.
Das Gerbgefäß wird während des gesamten Prozesses bewegt. Die Gerbflotte wird 120 Minuten einwirken gelassen, um eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Penetration zu garantieren.The tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process. The tanning liquor is left to act for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
Danach wird der pH-Wert graduell auf pH 6,0 angehoben. Hierzu wird Natriumhydrogencarbonat verwendet. Die zugegebene Menge ist abhängig von der Säurekapazität der Gerbflotte. Nach Erreichen des pH-Wertes wird die Temperatur graduell innerhalb von 2 Stunden auf 40 °C angehoben, um den Gerbstoff zu fixieren.The pH value is then gradually increased to pH 6.0. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this. The amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor. Once the pH value has been reached, the temperature is gradually increased to 40 °C within 2 hours in order to fix the tannin.
Nach der Fixierung wird eine Probe des gegerbten Materials abgeschnitten und die Schrumpfungstemperatur überprüft. Sofern die Schrumpfungstemperatur über etwa 70 °C bis 75 °C, liegt kann mit dem Prozess fortgefahren werden.After fixation, a sample of the tanned material is cut off and the shrinkage temperature is checked. If the shrinkage temperature is above around 70 °C to 75 °C, the process can continue.
Nach einem anschließenden Waschgang wird wie folgt weitergearbeitet oder direkt mit dem Falzen begonnen, das heißt mit dem Verringern der Dicke der Hautsubstanz, ggf. bereits auf die Dicke des Endprodukts.After a subsequent washing cycle, work continues as follows or folding begins directly, i.e. reducing the thickness of the skin substance, if necessary to the thickness of the end product.
Die Gerbflotte wird abgelassen und das vorgegerbte Material mit 100 % Wasser versetzt. Zu dieser Flotte wird 3 % eines Naphtalensulfon-Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Kondensat sowie 3 % Weizendunst zugesetzt und 2 Stunden auf das Leder einwirken gelassen. Die Prozentangaben beziehen sich jeweils auf das Referenzgewicht.The tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material. 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 hours. The percentages refer to the reference weight.
Nach erneutem Waschen kann das Leder gleichwertig zu Glutaraldehyd-Wetwhite weiterverarbeitet werden.After washing again, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
Als Gerbmittel wird eine Reaktionslösung eingesetzt, welche durch Zuckerpyrolyse gewonnen wurde.A reaction solution obtained through sugar pyrolysis is used as a tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel besteht aus 40 Gew.-% Glycolaldehyd, 30 Gew.-% Wasser, 20 Gew.-% Invertzuckersirup und 10 Gew.-% organischen kurzkettigen Säuren mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen.The tanning agent consists of 40% by weight glycolaldehyde, 30% by weight water, 20% by weight invert sugar syrup and 10% by weight organic short-chain acids with 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
Das Gerbmittel wird auf einer Pickelblöße in wässriger Flotte eingesetzt.The tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
Die abgetropfte Pickelblöße wird zum Ermitteln des Pickelgewichts gewogen, um auf Basis des Pickelgewichts die Einsatzmengen der Chemikalien zu berechnen, das heißt das Pickelgewicht wird als Referenzgewicht verwendet.The drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
Das Referenzgewicht bezieht sich dann auf die gespaltene bzw. ungespaltene Blöße.The reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
Zu der gespaltenen oder ungespaltenen Pickelblöße in einem Gerbgefäß wird 50 % Wasser und 10 % des Gerbmittels hinzugefügt, entsprechend etwa 4 Gew.-% Glycolaldehyd, bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht.To the split or unsplit pimples in a tanning vessel, 50% water and 10% of the tanning agent are added, corresponding to about 4% by weight of glycolaldehyde, based on the reference weight.
Das Gerbgefäß wird während des gesamten Prozesses bewegt. Das Produkt wird 120 Minuten einwirken gelassen, um eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Penetration zu garantieren.The tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process. The product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
Danach wird der pH-Wert graduell auf einen pH-Wert von 6,0 angehoben. Hierzu wird Natriumhydrogencarbonat verwendet. Die zugegebene Menge ist abhängig von der Säurekapazität der Gerbflotte. Nach Erreichen des pH-Wertes wird die Temperatur ausgehend von Raumtemperatur (25°C) graduell über 2 Stunden auf eine Temperatur von 40 °C angehoben um den Gerbstoff zu fixieren.The pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 6.0. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this. The amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor. After the pH value has been reached, the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25°C) to a temperature of 40°C over 2 hours in order to fix the tannin.
Nach der Fixierung wird eine Probe des gegerbten Materials abgeschnitten und die Schrumpfungstemperatur überprüft. Wenn die Schrumpfungstemperatur über etwa 70 °C bis 80 °C liegt, kann mit dem Prozess fortgefahren werden.After fixation, a sample of the tanned material is cut off and the shrinkage temperature is checked. If the shrinkage temperature is above about 70°C to 80°C, the process can continue.
Nach einem anschließenden Waschgang mit Wasser wird wie folgt weitergearbeitet oder direkt mit dem Falzen begonnen, das heißt mit dem Verringern der Dicke der Hautsubstanz, ggf. bereits auf die Dicke des Endprodukts.After a subsequent wash with water, work continues as follows or folding begins directly, i.e. reducing the thickness of the skin substance, if necessary to the thickness of the end product.
Die Gerbflotte wird abgelassen und das vorgegerbte Material mit 100 % Wasser versetzt. Zu dieser Flotte wird 3 % eines Naphtalensulfon-Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Kondensats sowie 3 % Weizendunst zugesetzt und 2 bis 4 Stunden auf das Leder einwirken gelassen. Die Prozentangaben beziehen sich jeweils auf das Referenzgewicht.The tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material. 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours. The percentages refer to the reference weight.
Nach erneutem Waschen mit Wasser kann das Leder gleichwertig zu Glutaraldehyd-Wetwhite weiterverarbeitet werden.After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
Als Gerbmittel wird eine Mischung einer Reaktionslösung, welche durch partielle Oxidation von Glycerin gewonnen wurde, und einer Reaktionslösung, welche durch Zuckerpyrolyse gewonnen wurde, eingesetzt. Mit anderen Worten werden zwei Teilreaktionslösungen im Gerbmittel eingesetzt.The tanning agent used is a mixture of a reaction solution obtained by partial oxidation of glycerol and a reaction solution obtained by sugar pyrolysis. In other words, two partial reaction solutions are used in the tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel besteht aus 40 Gew.-% Wasser, 20 Gew.-% Glycolaldehyd, 15 Gew.-% Glycerinaldehyd, 8 Gew.-% Invertzuckersirup, 5 Gew.-% Dihydroxyaceton, 5 Gew.-% Ameisensäure, 2 Gew.-% Glycerinsäure, 2 Gew.-% Hydroxyessigsäure, 2 Gew.-% Essigsäure und 1 Gew.-% Glycerinformal.The tanning agent consists of 40% by weight water, 20% by weight glycolaldehyde, 15% by weight glyceraldehyde, 8% by weight invert sugar syrup, 5% by weight dihydroxyacetone, 5% by weight formic acid, 2% by weight % glyceric acid, 2 wt.% hydroxyacetic acid, 2 wt.% acetic acid and 1 wt.% glycerol formal.
Das Gerbmittel wird auf einer Pickelblöße in wässriger Flotte eingesetzt.The tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
Die abgetropfte Pickelblöße wird zum Ermitteln des Pickelgewichts gewogen, um auf Basis des Pickelgewichts die Einsatzmengen der Chemikalien zu berechnen, das heißt das Pickelgewicht wird als Referenzgewicht verwendet.The drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
Das Referenzgewicht bezieht sich dann auf die gespaltene bzw. ungespaltene Blöße.The reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
Zu der gespaltenen oder ungespaltenen Pickelblöße in einem Gerbgefäß wird 50 % Wasser und 10 % des Gerbmittels hinzugefügt, bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht.To the split or unsplit pimples in a tanning vessel, 50% water and 10% of the tanning agent are added, based on the reference weight.
Das Gerbgefäß wird während des gesamten Prozesses bewegt. Das Produkt wird 120 Minuten einwirken gelassen, um eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Penetration zu garantieren.The tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process. The product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
Danach wird der pH-Wert graduell auf einen pH-Wert von 6,0 angehoben. Hierzu wird Natriumhydrogencarbonat verwendet. Die zugegebene Menge ist abhängig von der Säurekapazität der Gerbflotte. Nach Erreichen des pH-Wertes wird die Temperatur ausgehend von Raumtemperatur (25°C) graduell über 2 Stunden auf eine Temperatur von 40 °C angehoben, um den Gerbstoff zu fixieren.The pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 6.0. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this. The amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor. After the pH value has been reached, the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25°C) to a temperature of 40°C over 2 hours in order to fix the tannin.
Nach der Fixierung wird eine Probe des gegerbten Materials abgeschnitten und die Schrumpfungstemperatur überprüft. Wenn die Schrumpfungstemperatur über etwa 70 °C bis 80 °C liegt, kann mit dem Prozess fortgefahren werden.After fixation, a sample of the tanned material is cut off and the shrinkage temperature is checked. If the shrinkage temperature is above about 70°C to 80°C, the process can continue.
Nach einem anschließenden Waschgang mit Wasser wird wie folgt weitergearbeitet oder direkt mit dem Falzen begonnen, das heißt mit dem Verringern der Dicke der Hautsubstanz, ggf. bereits auf die Dicke des Endprodukts.After a subsequent wash with water, work continues as follows or folding begins directly, i.e. reducing the thickness of the skin substance, if necessary to the thickness of the end product.
Die Gerbflotte wird abgelassen und das vorgegerbte Material mit 100 % Wasser versetzt. Zu dieser Flotte wird 3 % eines Naphtalensulfon-Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Kondensats sowie 3 % Weizendunst zugesetzt und 2 bis 4 Stunden auf das Leder einwirken gelassen.The tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material. 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours.
Nach erneutem Waschen mit Wasser kann das Leder gleichwertig zu Glutaraldehyd-Wetwhite weiterverarbeitet werden.After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
Als Gerbmittel wird eine Mischung einer Reaktionslösung, welche durch partielle Oxidation von Glycerin gewonnen wurde, und Butyldiglykol eingesetzt.A mixture of a reaction solution, which was obtained by partial oxidation of glycerin, and butyl diglycol is used as a tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel besteht aus 40 Gew.-% Wasser, 20 Gew.-% Glycerinaldehyd, 15 Gew.-% Glycerinaldehyd-Butyldiglykolacetal, 15 Gew.-% Butyldiglykol und 10 Gew.-% Dihydroxyaceton und dessen Ketal mit Butyldiglykol.The tanning agent consists of 40% by weight of water, 20% by weight of glyceraldehyde, 15% by weight of glyceraldehyde butyl diglycol acetal, 15% by weight of butyl diglycol and 10% by weight of dihydroxyacetone and its ketal with butyl diglycol.
Das Gerbmittel wird auf einer Pickelblöße in wässriger Flotte eingesetzt.The tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
Die abgetropfte Pickelblöße wird zum Ermitteln des Pickelgewichts gewogen, um auf Basis des Pickelgewichts die Einsatzmengen der Chemikalien zu berechnen, das heißt das Pickelgewicht wird als Referenzgewicht verwendet.The drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
Das Referenzgewicht bezieht sich dann auf die gespaltene bzw. ungespaltene Blöße.The reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
Zu der gespaltenen oder ungespaltenen Pickelblöße in einem Gerbgefäß wird 50 % Wasser und 10 % des Gerbmittels hinzugefügt, bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht.To the split or unsplit pimples in a tanning vessel, 50% water and 10% of the tanning agent are added, based on the reference weight.
Das Gerbgefäß wird während des gesamten Prozesses bewegt. Das Produkt wird 120 Minuten einwirken gelassen, um eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Penetration zu garantieren.The tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process. The product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
Danach wird der pH-Wert graduell auf einen pH-Wert von 7,0 angehoben. Hierzu wird Natriumhydrogencarbonat verwendet. Die zugegebene Menge ist abhängig von der Säurekapazität der Gerbflotte. Nach Erreichen des pH-Wertes wird die Temperatur ausgehend von Raumtemperatur (25 °C) graduell über 4 Stunden auf eine Temperatur von 40 °C angehoben, um den Gerbstoff zu fixieren.The pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 7.0. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this. The amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor. After the pH value has been reached, the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25 °C) to a temperature of 40 °C over 4 hours in order to fix the tannin.
Nach der Fixierung wird eine Probe des gegerbten Materials abgeschnitten und die Schrumpfungstemperatur überprüft. Wenn die Schrumpfungstemperatur über etwa 70 °C bis 75 °C liegt, kann mit dem Prozess fortgefahren werden.After fixation, a sample of the tanned material is cut off and the shrinkage temperature is checked. If the shrinkage temperature is above about 70°C to 75°C, the process can continue.
Nach einem anschließenden Waschgang mit Wasser wird wie folgt weitergearbeitet oder direkt mit dem Falzen begonnen, das heißt mit dem Verringern der Dicke der Hautsubstanz, ggf. bereits auf die Dicke des Endprodukts.After a subsequent wash with water, work continues as follows or folding begins directly, i.e. reducing the thickness of the skin substance, if necessary to the thickness of the end product.
Die Gerbflotte wird abgelassen und das vorgegerbte Material mit 100 % Wasser versetzt. Zu dieser Flotte wird 3 % eines Naphtalensulfon-Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Kondensats sowie 3 % Weizendunst zugesetzt und 2 bis 4 Stunden auf das Leder einwirken gelassen. Die Prozentangaben beziehen sich jeweils auf das Referenzgewicht.The tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material. 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours. The percentages refer to the reference weight.
Nach erneutem Waschen mit Wasser kann das Leder gleichwertig zu Glutaraldehyd-Wetwhite weiterverarbeitet werden.After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
Als Gerbmittel wird eine Mischung einer Reaktionslösung, welche durch Zuckerpyrolyse gewonnen wurde, und Butyldiglykol eingesetzt.A mixture of a reaction solution obtained by sugar pyrolysis and butyl diglycol is used as a tanning agent.
Das Gerbmittel besteht aus 30 Gew.-% Wasser, 15 Gew.-% % Glycolaldehyd, 20 Gew.-% Glycolaldehyd-Butyldiglykolacetal, 15 Gew.-% Butyldiglykol und 20 Gew.-% Invertzuckersirup.The tanning agent consists of 30% by weight of water, 15% by weight of glycolaldehyde, 20% by weight of glycolaldehyde butyl diglycol acetal, 15% by weight of butyl diglycol and 20% by weight of invert sugar syrup.
Das Gerbmittel wird auf einer Pickelblöße in wässriger Flotte eingesetzt.The tanning agent is used on a pimple in a watery liquor.
Die abgetropfte Pickelblöße wird zum Ermitteln des Pickelgewichts gewogen, um auf Basis des Pickelgewichts die Einsatzmengen der Chemikalien zu berechnen, das heißt das Pickelgewicht wird als Referenzgewicht verwendet.The drained pimple nakedness is weighed to determine the pimple weight in order to calculate the quantities of chemicals to be used based on the pimple weight, i.e. the pimple weight is used as a reference weight.
Das Referenzgewicht bezieht sich dann auf die gespaltene bzw. ungespaltene Blöße.The reference weight then refers to the split or unsplit nakedness.
Zu der gespaltenen oder ungespaltenen Pickelblöße in einem Gerbgefäß wird 50 % Wasser und 10 % des Gerbmittels hinzugefügt, bezogen auf das Referenzgewicht.To the split or unsplit pimples in a tanning vessel, 50% water and 10% of the tanning agent are added, based on the reference weight.
Das Gerbgefäß wird während des gesamten Prozesses bewegt. Das Produkt wird 120 Minuten einwirken gelassen, um eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Penetration zu garantieren.The tanning vessel is moved throughout the entire process. The product is left on for 120 minutes to guarantee even and complete penetration.
Danach wird der pH-Wert graduell auf einen pH-Wert von 7,0 angehoben. Hierzu wird Natriumhydrogencarbonat verwendet. Die zugegebene Menge ist abhängig von der Säurekapazität der Gerbflotte. Nach Erreichen des pH-Wertes wird die Temperatur ausgehend von Raumtemperatur (25°C) graduell über 4 Stunden auf eine Temperatur von 40 °C angehoben, um den Gerbstoff zu fixieren.The pH value is then gradually increased to a pH value of 7.0. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used for this. The amount added depends on the acid capacity of the tanning liquor. After the pH value has been reached, the temperature is gradually increased from room temperature (25°C) to a temperature of 40°C over 4 hours in order to fix the tannin.
Nach der Fixierung wird eine Probe des gegerbten Materials abgeschnitten und die Schrumpfungstemperatur überprüft. Wenn die Schrumpfungstemperatur über etwa 70 °C bis 80 °C liegt, kann mit dem Prozess fortgefahren werden.After fixation, a sample of the tanned material is cut off and the shrinkage temperature is checked. If the shrinkage temperature is above about 70°C to 80°C, the process can continue.
Nach einem anschließenden Waschgang mit Wasser wird wie folgt weitergearbeitet oder direkt mit dem Falzen begonnen, das heißt mit dem Verringern der Dicke der Hautsubstanz, ggf. bereits auf die Dicke des Endprodukts.After a subsequent wash with water, you continue working as follows or start folding directly, i.e. with the Reducing the thickness of the skin substance, if necessary to the thickness of the final product.
Die Gerbflotte wird abgelassen und das vorgegerbte Material mit 100 % Wasser versetzt. Zu dieser Flotte wird 3 % eines Naphtalensulfon-Formaldehyd-Harnstoff-Kondensats sowie 3 % Weizendunst zugesetzt und 2 bis 4 Stunden auf das Leder einwirken gelassen. Die Prozentangaben beziehen sich jeweils auf das Referenzgewicht.The tanning liquor is drained and 100% water is added to the pre-tanned material. 3% of a naphthalene sulfone-formaldehyde-urea condensate and 3% wheat fume are added to this liquor and left to act on the leather for 2 to 4 hours. The percentages refer to the reference weight.
Nach erneutem Waschen mit Wasser kann das Leder gleichwertig zu Glutaraldehyd-Wetwhite weiterverarbeitet werden.After washing again with water, the leather can be processed equivalent to glutaraldehyde wet white.
Claims (13)
- Tanning agent comprising a reaction solution containing a tanning-active component selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, acetals of these compounds, hemiacetals of these compounds and combinations thereof,wherein the reaction solution contains at least one other tanning-promoting component in addition to the tanning-active component, andwherein the reaction solution is obtained by partial oxidation and/or pyrolysis of an organic substance having a vicinal diol group.
- Tanning agent according to claim 1, wherein the organic substance having a vicinal diol group is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof.
- Tanning agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tanning-promoting substance is selected from the group consisting of (poly)hydroxycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, ketones, acetals, hemiacetals and ketals, each having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, as well as mixtures thereof.
- Tanning agent according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reaction solution contains a solvent, preferably water, glycols and mixtures thereof.
- Tanning agent according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tanning agent consists of the reaction solution.
- Tanning agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tanning agent comprises a first tanning-active component and a second tanning-active component, and wherein the first tanning-active component is the tanning component of the reaction solution and the second tanning component is selected from the group consisting of synthetic tanning agents, vegetable tanning agents and mineral tanning agents.
- Use of a tanning agent according to one of the preceding claims for tanning animal hides and skins for the manufacture of leather.
- Process for tanning animal hides and skins for the manufacture of leather, comprising the following steps:- creating a pelt,- providing a tanning liquor comprising the tanning agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6,- treating the pelt with the tanning liquor to obtain a leather.
- A process according to claim 8, wherein the tanning liquor has a content of tanning-active substance in the range of 1 to 10 percent by weight, preferably from 2 to 4 percent by weight, based on the reference weight of the pelt.
- A process according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the tanning liquor is applied to a pelt without pickling.
- A process according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the pelt treated with the tanning liquor for 15 to 60 min, preferably for 15 to 30 min.
- A process according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein a leather with a shrinkage temperature of 70 °C or higher is obtained.
- Leather available by a process according to any one of claims 8 to 12, using a tanning agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
Priority Applications (3)
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EP21183144.1A EP4112748B1 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2021-07-01 | Tanning agent, use of a tanning agent, process for the tanning of animal skins and furs and leather obtained thereof |
PL21183144.1T PL4112748T3 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2021-07-01 | Tanning agent, use of a tanning agent, process for the tanning of animal skins and furs and leather obtained thereof |
ES21183144T ES2975566T3 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2021-07-01 | Tanning agent, use of a tanning agent and procedure for tanning animal skins and the leather obtained from them |
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EP21183144.1A EP4112748B1 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2021-07-01 | Tanning agent, use of a tanning agent, process for the tanning of animal skins and furs and leather obtained thereof |
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CA2326471A1 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2002-05-20 | Resource Transforms International Ltd. | Production of glycolaldehyde by hydrous thermolysis of sugars |
WO2005058788A1 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process of preparing glycolaldehyde |
US20090198048A1 (en) | 2008-02-05 | 2009-08-06 | Lignotech Usa, Inc. | Glycerose synthesis |
EP2714756B1 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2018-05-02 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Polysaccharide and/or polypeptide based graft polymers as synthetic tannins |
PT2574682E (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-01-21 | Kemira Oyj | Environmentally friendly composition, suitable for leather tanning, comprising zeolite |
EP2607500A1 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | Hermes Sellier | Leather manufacturing process using a soluble oxidized starch-derived polysaccharide and compositions containing it |
JP2019536808A (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2019-12-19 | ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット | Production of glycolaldehyde by pyrolysis fragmentation |
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