EP4111480A1 - Device for limiting a short-circuit current in an on-load tap-changer, and on-load tap-changer having said device - Google Patents
Device for limiting a short-circuit current in an on-load tap-changer, and on-load tap-changer having said deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4111480A1 EP4111480A1 EP21715521.7A EP21715521A EP4111480A1 EP 4111480 A1 EP4111480 A1 EP 4111480A1 EP 21715521 A EP21715521 A EP 21715521A EP 4111480 A1 EP4111480 A1 EP 4111480A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- current
- changer
- load tap
- power line
- measurement signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H2009/0061—Monitoring tap change switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for limiting a short-circuit current in an on-load tap-changer, in particular in a diverter switch of the on-load tap-changer, and an on-load tap-changer comprising a device for limiting a short-circuit current in the on-load tap-changer.
- On-load tap-changers are known to be used for uninterrupted switching between tween different winding taps of a control winding of a Jardinntransforma sector and thus for voltage regulation. They usually consist of a selector for the powerless selection of the winding tap of the step transformer that is to be switched to, as well as a diverter switch for the actual, uninterrupted switchover from the previously wired winding tap to the new, pre-selected winding tap.
- the selector usually has two movable selector contacts which peel off the winding taps.
- the diverter switch usually has switching contacts and resistors for the actual load switching.
- the switching contacts are arranged in the main load branches of the diverter switch and are used to directly connect the winding tap connected by the respective selector contact to a load derivation device via the main load branch.
- the resistors are used to limit the short-term circulating current flowing in the diverter switch during the switching process and are also referred to as transition resistors.
- a possible malfunction is a short circuit in the on-load tap-changer, more precisely in the diverter switch, triggered by a flashover between the two main load branches. Since the two main load branches are each electrically connected to a winding tap of the control winding via a selector contact, this can result in a step short circuit. Specifically, this means that the short-circuit current flows via the main load branches and the selector contacts via a control stage of the control winding of the step transformer.
- circuit breakers are provided that are designed to safely switch off high currents in the event of a fault. However, they require a relatively long time for this, for example 50 ms. During this period, the short-circuit current flows indefinitely via the conductive components of the tap changer and transformer, which can lead to considerable damage to the on-load tap-changer and the transformer's control winding. It is important to avoid this.
- the improved concept is based on the idea of providing a device that makes it possible, in the event of a short circuit in the diverter switch of an on-load tap-changer, to recognize this quickly enough and to commutate the rising short-circuit current to a resistor before reaching critical values limited to permissible values until a higher-level protection system, for example a circuit breaker, trips and disconnects the transformer from the transmission network.
- a higher-level protection system for example a circuit breaker
- the invention proposes a device for limiting a short-circuit current in an on-load tap-changer, in particular in a diverter switch of the on-load tap-changer.
- the device has a first sensor for measuring a current in a first power line of the on-load tap-changer, an interrupt element, a control device and a current-limiting element.
- the interruption element is arranged in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer.
- the current limiting element is arranged in a parallel path to the interruption element, that is, parallel to the first power line.
- the first sensor is designed to transmit a first measurement signal, which presents the measured current in the first power line of the on-load tap changer, to the control device.
- the current measurement and the transmission of the measurement signal can take place continuously or uninterrupted in time, preferably with a sampling rate of less than one microsecond.
- the transmission of the measurement signal to the control unit can take place via radio, via an optical waveguide or preferably via a wire, particularly preferably via a shielded wire.
- the sensor is preferably designed as a current transformer. In principle, however, any type of sensor that can continuously measure the temporal course of a current in a line and transmit it to a control unit in the form of a measurement signal can be used for implementing the solution according to the invention.
- the control device is preferably designed to detect and / or determine the course over time of the measurement signal that represents the measured current.
- the first sensor can be arranged outside a housing of the respective transformer, the voltage of which is regulated by the on-load tap changer, preferably on a cover of the transformer housing, or inside the transformer housing.
- the interruption element can be actuated by the control device in such a way that it can interrupt the current conduction in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer, so that the current carried in the first power line commutates on the parallel path with the strombe limiting element, i.e. transferred, and through the current limiting element ment is limited.
- the first power line electrically connects the selector, preferably a first movable selector contact, and the diverter switch, preferably a first main load branch of the on-load tap-changer.
- the interruption element is arranged in a section of the first power line which is outside the on-load tap-changer, that is to say outside the selector and the diverter switch.
- the interruption element has a switching time for interrupting the current conduction of less than 1.0 ms, preferably less than 0.5 ms and particularly preferably less than 0.1 ms. Due to the short reaction time of the interruption element, the rising short-circuit current is commutated to the current-limiting element before the short-circuit current reaches a critical value.
- the interruption element can be arranged outside the transformer housing, preferably on the cover, or inside the transformer housing.
- the interruption element is designed as a semiconductor switching element or as an explosive or explosive charge or as a mechanical Kunststoffan arrangement with an electrodynamic drive.
- the semiconductor switching elements can be formed, for example, as IGBTs and / or thyristors.
- Explosive charges for separating electrical connections such as cables or rails are sufficiently known from the prior art.
- Suitable release agents include pyrotechnic cutting charges such as, for example, in the EP 0052521 A1, or detonators as they have been used for decades in medium-voltage applications such as the so-called “I s limiter”.
- a mechanical contact arrangement with an electrodynamic drive can be designed, for example, in the form of a contact ring system, as described in DE 199 53 551 C1, and also be a possible means of interrupting the current conduction in the first power line.
- the current-limiting element is designed for a current intensity which corresponds to a multiple of the rated current, for example 2 times the rated current of the on-load tap-changer.
- the rated current which is also referred to as the rated through current in the relevant standards, is the current for which the on-load tap-changer is rated in continuous operation.
- a current-limiting element of an on-load tap-changer which has a rated current of 800 A, is designed in such a way that it can briefly limit a short-circuit current to 1600 A for a period of 50 ms, for example.
- the current-limiting element can stand as a resistor, for example as an ohmic resistance, as a PTC thermistor, as a fuse with fusible conductor or as an inductance, in particular as a coil.
- a resistor for the device one of the transition resistors in the load switch of the on-load tap changer can preferably also be connected in parallel to the first power line.
- the device for current limiting comprises, in addition to the first sensor, a second sensor for measuring the current in a second power line of the on-load tap changer.
- the second sensor is designed to transmit a second measurement signal, which represents the measured current in the second power line of the on-load tap changer, to the control device.
- the second power line preferably connects the selector, preferably a second movable selector contact, and the diverter switch, preferably a second main load branch of the diverter switch, electrically to one another.
- the second sensor is preferably configured analogously to the first sensor and the second measurement signal is preferably configured analogously to the first measurement signal.
- the second sensor can be arranged outside the transformer housing, in particular on the cover, or inside the transformer housing.
- the control device is configured to actuate the interruption element when both the first measurement signal and the second measurement signal are greater than or equal to a set limit value.
- the control device determines whether both the measured current in the first power line and the measured current in the second power line have reached or exceeded the limit value, and actuates the interruption element if this is the case.
- the set limit value is a maximum value of the current which is a multiple of the rated current of the on-load tap-changer. Accordingly, according to this embodiment of the invention, the limit value for a load tap changer with a rated current of, for example, 800 A is set to a maximum value of the current of 1600 A. Specifically, this means that the interruption element is actuated by the control device when a current of at least 1600 A is measured in both the first and the second power line.
- the set limit value is a maximum change in the current within a predetermined period of time.
- a limit value according to this embodiment is 1.2 A / ps for an on-load tap-changer that is designed for a rated current of 800 A.
- the invention proposes an on-load tap-changer for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer.
- the on-load tap-changer has a selector for powerless preselection to a selected winding tap, a diverter switch for the actual load switching from the previous winding tap to the preselected winding tap, and a first power line that electrically connects the selector and the diverter switch, preferably a first selector arm and a first main load branch connects with each other.
- the on-load tap-changer according to the invention comprises a device for limiting a short-circuit current in the on-load tap-changer, in particular in the diverter switch of the On-load tap changer, which is formed according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the on-load tap-changer comprises a second power line which electrically connects the selector and the diverter switch, preferably a second selector arm and a second main load branch, to one another.
- the device comprises a second sensor for measuring the current in the second power line. The second sensor is designed to transmit a second measurement signal, which presents the measured current in the second power line of the on-load tap-changer, to the control device.
- the invention proposes a method for limiting a short-circuit current in an on-load tap-changer, in particular in a diverter switch of the on-load tap-changer, wherein the on-load tap-changer is designed according to the second aspect of the invention and comprises a device that is designed according to the first aspect of the invention .
- the method has the following method steps: measuring a current in a first power line of the on-load tap-changer by means of a first sensor, transmitting a first measurement signal, which represents the measured current in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer, from the first sensor to a control device, actuating an interrupt element , which is arranged in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer, in such a way that the current conduction in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer is interrupted and the current is commutated to a current-limiting element.
- the current-limiting element is arranged parallel to the interruption element, in particular in a current path parallel to the first current line.
- the steps of the method correspond to the features of the device according to the first aspect of the invention and to the features of the on-load tap-changer according to the second aspect of the invention. Accordingly, for the method according to the third aspect of the invention, reference is made to the advantageous explanations, preferred features and / or advantages in an analogous manner to that already explained for the device and the on-load step switch according to the second and third aspects of the invention are.
- the method comprises the further steps, according to which, in addition to measuring the current in the first power line, a current in a second power line of the on-load tap-changer is measured by means of a second sensor, in addition to transmitting the first measurement signal, a second measurement signal, which presents the measured current in the second power line of the on-load tap-changer re, is transmitted from the second sensor to the control device, in addition, the first and second measurement signals are compared by means of the control device with a set limit value and the interruption element is actuated when both the first measurement signal and the second measurement signal is greater than or equal to the set limit value.
- a current in a second power line of the on-load tap-changer is measured by means of a second sensor
- a second measurement signal which presents the measured current in the second power line of the on-load tap-changer re
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap-changer in a schematic representation
- FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the device in a schematic representation
- FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the device in a schematic representation
- FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the device in a schematic representation
- FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of a method for limiting a short-circuit current in a schematic representation
- FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the method in a schematic representation.
- an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer 2 for a step transformer 20 is shown schematically.
- the step transformer 20 has a main winding 25 and a control winding 21 with different winding taps Ni, Nj, N N , which are switched on and off by the on-load tap changer 2.
- the on-load tap-changer 2 comprises a selector 11, which can contact the different winding taps Ni, ..., Nj, ..., N N of the control winding 21 by means of two movable selector contacts, and a diverter switch 8, which does the actual load switching from the currently wired to the new, preselected winding tap.
- the load current flows from the currently connected winding tap N + i via the respective selector contact and the diverter switch 8 to a load diverter 12.
- the device 1 serves to limit a short-circuit current in the event of a fault in the on-load tap-changer 2, in particular the diverter switch 8.
- the diverter switch 8 has several switching contacts and resistors for the switchover. However, the specific circuit arrangement of the diverter switch is not essential for the implementation of the invention, so that it will not be discussed in more detail.
- the on-load tap changer 2 comprises a selector 11 with two movable selector arms, which each tap a winding Nj, NJ + I of a control winding of a step transformer (not shown) con tact.
- the device 1 comprises a first sensor 3, which is arranged in a first power line 4, and a second sensor 9, which is arranged in a second power line 10.
- the sensors 3, 9 are used to continuously measure the current flowing through the respective power line 4, 10 and to continuously transmit the measured current in the form of a measurement signal M1, M2 to a control device 6.
- the sensors 3, 9 can receive the measurement signals M1 , M2 for example via a signal connection 13 to the Control device 6 transferred.
- the first power line 4 connects a first movable selector contact of the selector 11 with the diverter switch 8 of the on-load tap-changer 2.
- the second power line 10 connects a second movable selector contact of the selector 11 with the diverter switch 8.
- the first power line 4 is an interruption element 5 arranged, which according to the first embodiment is designed as an IBGT switch 5, and is designed and actuated in such a way that it can commutate a short-circuit current that occurs in the diverter switch 8 in the event of a fault.
- the semiconductor switching element 5 is actuated by the control device 6 when both the first measurement signal M1 and the second measurement signal M2 are greater than or equal to a fixed limit value.
- the current conduction in the first current line 4 is then interrupted by the semiconductor switching element 5, so that the current is commutated to a current-limiting element 7.
- the current-limiting element 7 is designed here, for example, as an ohmic resistor and arranged parallel to the semiconductor switching element 5, or in a current path 14 parallel to the first Stromlei device 4 and designed in such a way that it can limit the rising short-circuit current until a higher-level protection system For example, a circuit breaker is actuated and the step transformer concerned, which is regulated by the on-load tap-changer 2, is disconnected from the transmission network.
- FIG. 3 a second embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown schematically table.
- the device 1 from FIG. 3 has an interruption element 5 and a current-limiting element 7, which are designed, for example, in the form of a current-limiting switching unit, as is known, for example, from DE 199 53 551 C1.
- This switching unit comprises a contact ring system with an electrodynamic drive, which interrupts the current flow in the first power line 4 in the event of a short circuit.
- the commutation path on which the current is commutated last has a PTC element 7, which serves as a current-limiting element and is designed in such a way that it can limit the short-circuit current, until a higher-level protection system takes effect.
- FIG. 4 shows in particular an exemplary spatial arrangement of the device 1 according to the invention.
- the device 1 limits a short-circuit current in the event of a fault in the on-load tap-changer 2, which regulates the voltage ratio of the step transformer 20.
- the step transformer 20 has a housing 23, in particular an oil tank, with a cover 24.
- the on-load tap changer 2 is arranged under the cover 24 of the transformer, wherein the selector 11 is spatially below the 8 Lastumschal age.
- the first sensor 3 arranged in the first power line 4 and the interruption element 5, which is designed here as an explosive charge in the form of an explosive capsule, are attached to the cover 20 outside the transformer housing 23.
- the first power line 4 leads from a first selector contact that contacts a Wick treatment tap Nj (not shown), each via a bushing 22 from the inside of the housing 23 to the outside or from the outside to the inside and inside finally Lich into the diverter switch 8.
- the Sensor 3 and the interruption element 5 are arranged between tween the bushings 22.
- the bushings 22 can, for example, be standard bushings designed in accordance with the DIN standard for applications in the 4 kV range.
- the resistor 7, which is located in the transformer housing 23, is arranged parallel to the first power line 4.
- one of the transition resistors in the diverter switch 8 can serve as a current-limiting element 7 and be connected in parallel to the first power line 4.
- the second power line 10 which leads from a second selector contact that contacts a winding tap N + i (not shown) into the diverter switch 8
- the second sensor 9 is therefore located inside the transformer housing 23.
- the load current is transmitted from the diverter switch 8 via a further bushing 22 from the inside to the outside to a load diverter 12.
- the device 1 comprises the first sensor 3, the interruption element 5, the current-limiting element 7 and the control device 6.
- the method has, for example, the successive steps 100, 200 and 500.
- a current in a first power line of the on-load tap-changer is measured by means of the first sensor.
- a first measurement signal is nal, which represents the measured current in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer, transmitted from the first sensor to the control device.
- the interruption element which is arranged in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer, is actuated by the control device in such a way that the current flow in the first power line of the on-load tap-changer is interrupted and the current is commutated to the current-limiting element.
- the device 1 additionally comprises the second sensor 9.
- the method has, for example, steps 100, 101, 200, 201, 300, 301 and 400, with steps 100 and 200 being identical to steps 100 and 200 from FIG are trained.
- the method from FIG. 6 additionally includes step 101, according to which, in addition to measuring the current in the first power line, in step 100 a current in a second power line of the on-load tap-changer is measured by means of the second sensor.
- a second measurement signal which represents the measured current in the second power line of the on-load tap-changer, is transmitted from the second sensor to the control device.
- step 300 which follows step 200, the control device is used to compare the first measurement signal with a fixed limit value. If the first measurement signal is greater than or equal to the set limit value (indicated by “Yes” in FIG. 6), the second measurement signal is compared with the set limit value in a step 301, likewise by means of the control device. If the second measurement signal is also greater than or equal to the set limit value (indicated by “Yes” in FIG. 6), in a next step 400 the interruption element is actuated by the control device.
- step 300 In the event that it is determined in step 300 that the first measurement signal is below the set limit value (indicated by “No” in FIG. 6), steps 100 and 101 are carried out again. The interruption element is not actuated.
- step 301 In the event that it is determined in step 301 that the second measurement signal is below the set limit value (indicated by “No” in FIG. 6), steps 100 and 101 are carried out again. The interruption element is not actuated.
- the second measurement signal can also be compared with the limit value first and then the first measurement signal.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020110935.0A DE102020110935B3 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LIMITING A SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT IN A LOAD TAP SWITCH AND ONCE TAP SWITCH WITH THIS DEVICE |
PCT/EP2021/057513 WO2021213769A1 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2021-03-24 | Device for limiting a short-circuit current in an on-load tap-changer, and on-load tap-changer having said device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4111480A1 true EP4111480A1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
EP4111480B1 EP4111480B1 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
Family
ID=75302536
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21715521.7A Active EP4111480B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2021-03-24 | Device for limiting a short-circuit current in an on-load tap-changer, and on-load tap-changer having said device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4111480B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2023523184A (en) |
CN (1) | CN115443514A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102020110935B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021213769A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114295971A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | On-load tap-changer state detection device and method and control equipment |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH404804A (en) * | 1962-05-17 | 1965-12-31 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Switching arrangement for diverter switches of tap changers in regulating transformers |
DE2207367C2 (en) * | 1972-02-17 | 1974-02-28 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Arrangement to prevent step short circuits in diverter switches of step transformers with anti-parallel connected thyristors |
US4184186A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1980-01-15 | General Electric Company | Current limiting device for an electric power system |
DE3171841D1 (en) | 1980-11-19 | 1985-09-19 | Qed Design & Dev Ltd | Linear shaped charges |
US5689395A (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-11-18 | Raychem Corporation | Overcurrent protection circuit |
DE19953551C1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-08-16 | Abb Hochspannungstechnik Ag Zu | Fast current limiting switch |
WO2006083334A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Active current surge limiters |
DE102012109174A1 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-03-27 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | On-load tap-changer with selection |
DE102015106178A1 (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-27 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | OLTC |
DE102016120070A1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | Eaton Industries (Austria) Gmbh | Low-voltage protection device |
-
2020
- 2020-04-22 DE DE102020110935.0A patent/DE102020110935B3/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-03-24 EP EP21715521.7A patent/EP4111480B1/en active Active
- 2021-03-24 CN CN202180028918.5A patent/CN115443514A/en active Pending
- 2021-03-24 JP JP2022562322A patent/JP2023523184A/en active Pending
- 2021-03-24 WO PCT/EP2021/057513 patent/WO2021213769A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2023523184A (en) | 2023-06-02 |
WO2021213769A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
EP4111480B1 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
DE102020110935B3 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
CN115443514A (en) | 2022-12-06 |
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