Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
  • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
  • B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
  • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
  • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
  • B22F12/37—Rotatable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
  • B22F12/82—Combination of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
  • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
  • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
  • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing on a powder bed of a part with an axis of revolution, and more particularly to a plate used for the implementation of this manufacturing technique, also called 3D manufacturing.
• the manufacture of a revolution part by additive manufacturing on a powder bed requires, on the one hand, the use of support elements, and on the other hand, the separation of the raw part from the plate on which it has been placed. manufactured, this separation being done by saw cutting, electroerosion (or EDM for "Electrical Discharge Machining" in English), and so on.
• the powder used can be metallic, ceramic or polymer (for example PEEK). It is specified that in the context of the present application, the term “metallic” includes pure metals and alloys.
• These support elements are created, like the part, by localized melting or localized sintering (using a laser beam or an electron beam) of the powder during the formation of the part. They are used to prop up parts of the part requiring support and / or to connect parts of the part to each other. These support elements are intended to be destroyed after the formation of the blank.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the support elements necessary for the manufacture of a pinion in additive manufacturing on a steel powder bed on a conventional plate 6.
• the line A in broken lines which also represents the axis of revolution 1 of the part to be produced.
• the pinion comprises in particular, on either side of an outer ring 5 (which comprises the rim and the teeth of the pinion), a main hub 26 on one side, and on the other, an inner hub 2 and a external medium 3; it also comprises a web 4. It will be recalled that in a gear, for example a pinion, the web is the part connecting the rim, on which the teeth are located, to the hub.
• the pinion is manufactured on an additive manufacturing plate 6 (generally square or rectangular in shape) and its manufacture requires the use of a support element 7 to support the web 4 and the outer ring 5 (support element 7 comprising holes 8 facilitating the dusting of the part), a support element 9 to support the outer hub 3, and a support element 10 which will itself support the support element 7.
• the quantity of support elements necessary for the manufacture of a part with an axis of revolution can be large, which has a significant impact on the quantity of powder used and the time of lasing of the part.
• the separation of the part from the plate (conventionally square or rectangular) on which it has been formed requires a dedicated operation using a saw, an EDM machine or the like.
• the blank must then undergo machining in order to free it from the supporting elements.
• the sought-after objective of the invention is to optimize the production in terms of duration (melting / sintering and machining) of parts with an axis of revolution by additive manufacturing on a powder bed (in particular by SLM (for “Selective Laser Melting”). in English), by EBM (for "Electron Beam Melting” in English) and by SLS (for "Selective Laser Sintering” in English)), in particular for the production of pinions, in particular for the production of parts with steps of increasing diameters of great amplitude, like pinions with sails halfway up the hub.
• SLM Selective Laser Melting
• EBM Electronic Beam Melting
• SLS selective Laser Sintering
• the object of the invention is in particular to provide a simple and effective solution to the problems raised above.
• the invention proposes a modular platform for the additive manufacturing on a powder bed of a part with an axis of revolution, characterized in that it comprises:
• a shaded circular module comprising a shaft provided with a circular plate at one of its ends, the shaft and the circular plate being concentric;
• a main support module comprising, in one face, a cavity configured to receive the circular shafted module, the shaft fitting completely into the cavity; the assembly of the shaded circular module and the main support module defining a planar upper surface which is formed at least in part by the circular plate of the shaded circular module.
• the main support module can for example be a tray. It can be square, rectangular or even circular.
• the modular plate further comprises an annular module and the main support module further comprises an annular cavity configured to receive the annular module.
• the annular cavity and the cavity of the shaded circular module are concentric. Further, the annular module, when assembled to the circular shafted module and the main support module, forms a portion of the flat top surface of the assembly.
• the shaved circular module and the optional annular module are machined, preferably by turning.
• the shaft of the shaded circular module is a preform of one end of the part to be manufactured.
• the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a part with an axis of revolution, comprising:
• the assembly comprises an annular module, the separation of the raw part from said annular module by cutting by turning, the cutting being carried out at the level of the support element connecting the raw part to the annular module according to a cutting plane (C ) perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the blank;
• the shaft of the shaved circular module is pre-machined so as to form a preform of one end of the part to be produced.
• the shaded circular module is made of the same material as that of the part to be produced.
• the method further comprises at least one step of heat treatment of hardening of the part, this step being carried out between the steps of depouding the assembly and placing this assembly on a turn of the device. machining by turning, and / or after the step of machining by turning the second portion of the blank.
• the melting or sintering of the part and of the support elements on the modular plate is carried out only on removable modules which can be removed from the main support module; the melting or sintering of the powder is therefore carried out on the shaved circular module and on the possible annular module, but not on the main support module.
• these removable modules are coaxial, it is possible to proceed with the machining of the part and the withdrawal of the support elements by positioning the assembly formed by the part and this or these removable modules on a lathe.
• the raw part obtained at the end of additive manufacturing SLM, EBM, etc.
• the shaft of the shaved circular module can be a preform of one end of the part to be manufactured and that this shaft can be pre-machined
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to greatly limit the quantity of support elements necessary during the manufacture of the part, which ultimately limits the time of lasing and machining of the part, and also limits the amount of powder used.
• lasing here, but it is understood that we can also use an electron beam instead of a laser beam.
• FIG. 2a a schematic 3-dimensional view showing the rear face of the assembly formed of the blank and its support elements as illustrated in Figure 1, once detached from the conventional plate;
• FIG. 3 an exploded schematic view of the modules of the modular platform according to a variant of the invention.
• FIG. 5 an exploded schematic view of the modules of the modular platform according to another variant of the invention.
• FIG. 7a an explanatory diagram of a step of the manufacturing process according to a first embodiment of the invention using the modular plate of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 7b an explanatory diagram of a step of the manufacturing process according to a first embodiment of the invention using the modular plate of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 7c an explanatory diagram of a step of the manufacturing process according to a first embodiment of the invention using the modular plate of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 7d an explanatory diagram of a step of the manufacturing process according to a first embodiment of the invention using the modular plate of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 7e an explanatory diagram of a step of the manufacturing process according to a first embodiment of the invention using the modular plate of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 7f an explanatory diagram of a step of the manufacturing process according to a first embodiment of the invention using the modular plate of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 7g an explanatory diagram of a step of the manufacturing process according to a first embodiment of the invention using the modular plate of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 8 a schematic sectional view of a blank part with an axis of revolution and of its support elements obtained by additive manufacturing on a powder bed on the modular plate of FIG. 5 (the main support module having already been removed );
• the additive manufacturing platform is formed from one or more removable modules, placed in cavities in one face of a main support module so as to define a flat surface on which the powder bed will be able to be spread out; the powder will be fused or sintered only on these removable modules so that the part once formed, the assembly formed by the part and the removable modules will be able to be assembled - after depouding - on a lathe and thus insert the workpiece / removable modules separation operation from the table top among the roughing and workpiece finishing operations.
• the modular platform 12 comprises at least a circular shafted module 13 and a main support module 16, having a cavity 17 in its upper face to house the circular shafted module 13 therein.
• the shaved circular module 13 is a one-piece assembly comprising a shaft 14 provided at one of its ends of a circular plate 15.
• the shaft is pre-machined to be a preform of one end of the part to be produced.
• the shaft is a preform of the main hub 26 of the part.
• the shaft is a preform of the internal hub 2 and of the external hub 3 of the part.
• the modular plate 12 can also include an annular module 18, intended to be housed in an annular cavity 19 (annular groove) present in the upper face of the main support module 16 (FIGS. 5 and 6).
• the main support module is circular, but it could also have had another shape, for example square or rectangular.
• the shaded circular module 13 and the annular module 18 are placed in their respective cavities 17 and 19 of the main support module 16 (FIG. 7a).
• the blank part 20 is then manufactured by selective melting or selective sintering of a powder (FIG. 7b).
• the powder used can be metallic, ceramic or polymer.
• the blank 20 is produced layer by layer by a conventional additive manufacturing process. As in Figure 1 and for the sake of simplicity, only one half of the image has been shown, the other half being symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry illustrated by line A in broken lines, which also represents the axis of revolution 1 of the part to be produced.
• the part and the support element are for example constructed layer by layer by selective melting or selective sintering of the powder 21 using a laser beam 22, the powder 21 having an average particle size between 10 and 50 ⁇ m, or using an electron beam 22, the powder 21 having an average particle size between 50 and 100 pm.
• the powder fused or sintered on the circular plate 15 of the shaved circular module 13 forms a portion of the part, while the powder fused or sintered on the annular module 18 firstly forms the part. support element 7, then a portion of the part.
• the part is powdered (FIG. 7d).
• Depoding can be done by suction, blowing, vibration or even by overturning the blank so that the powder escapes by gravity.
• the assembly is obtained as illustrated in figure 8.
• the assembly formed by the blank and the removable modules is installed on a lathe and a first portion of the part (here called the front face of the part) is turned (FIG. 7e).
• the turning is done by rotation around the axis of the shaft 14 of the shaved circular module (which corresponds to the axis of revolution 1 of the part).
• the supports of the part / removable module assembly on the lathe are represented by the member 23 and the member represented by the arrow 24 (for example a clamping mandrel.
• the machining of the front face is symbolized by line B in broken lines.
• the blank part is then separated from the annular module 18 by cutting along a section plane C perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the part (which is also the axis of rotation of the lathe and the axis of the shaft 14) at the level of the support element 7 (FIG. 7f). It is for example possible to carry out a turning using a groove tool.
• an element 11 which is a portion of the support element 7 and, on the other hand, an element 25 which is formed from the other portion of the element. support 7 and the annular module 18.
• embodiment 1 allows a saving of 27% on the lasing mass and on the lasing time compared to the conventional technique; embodiment 2, for its part, allows a saving of 38% on the lased mass and on the lasing time.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
• Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
• Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-04-06 FR FR2003422A patent/FR3108870B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-03-31 WO PCT/FR2021/050566 patent/WO2021205096A1/fr unknown
  • 2021-03-31 CN CN202180027068.7A patent/CN115397650A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-03-31 US US17/995,465 patent/US20230173584A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-03-31 EP EP21721154.9A patent/EP4110588A1/de active Pending

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