EP4107793A1 - Lampe pour réacteur photochimique à base de diodes électroluminescentes - Google Patents
Lampe pour réacteur photochimique à base de diodes électroluminescentesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4107793A1 EP4107793A1 EP21711302.6A EP21711302A EP4107793A1 EP 4107793 A1 EP4107793 A1 EP 4107793A1 EP 21711302 A EP21711302 A EP 21711302A EP 4107793 A1 EP4107793 A1 EP 4107793A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- support
- equal
- light
- coolant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C249/04—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of oximes
- C07C249/06—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of oximes by nitrosation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/8506—Containers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/858—Means for heat extraction or cooling
- H10H20/8586—Means for heat extraction or cooling comprising fluids, e.g. heat-pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/18—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/18—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered
- C07C2601/20—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered the ring being twelve-membered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lamp for a photochemical reactor, preferably a lamp suitable for a photochemical immersion reactor, comprising at least one light-emitting diode, useful for carrying out a photochemical reaction, in particular photonitrosation.
- lactams are widespread in industry.
- caprolactam and lauryllactam are respectively precursors of polyamides 6 and 12.
- a process for synthesizing a lactam from a cycloalkane can successively implement two reaction steps.
- a photonitrosation (or photooximation) of the cycloalkane is carried out using, for example, nitrosyl chloride (NOCI), generally in a two-phase organic solvent / sulfuric acid medium.
- NOCI nitrosyl chloride
- An oxime in the form of oxime hydrochloride is thus produced in the organic phase and subsequently extracted by the sulfuric phase.
- a Beckmann transposition or Beckmann rearrangement of the oxime hydrochloride extracted in concentrated sulfuric medium is carried out to obtain the lactam. This lactam resulting from the transposition of Beckmann is then isolated and purified to produce a product of high purity.
- Photonitrosation is generally carried out using mercury or sodium vapor lamps immersed in the reaction medium. These sodium or mercury vapor lamps consume a lot of electricity. They also have a short lifespan. In addition, they contain a variable amount of mercury and are therefore doomed to disappear in the long term. It is therefore desirable to replace these lamps, preferably without having to profoundly modify the existing industrial installations, that is to say by lamps having a size similar to that of the sodium or mercury vapor lamps currently in use.
- Light-emitting diodes have a longer lifespan than sodium or mercury vapor lamps (for example, a mercury vapor lamp can have a lifespan of around 4,000 h, a sodium vapor lamp has a lifespan of around 25,000 h and a light emitting diode has a lifespan of around 50,000 to 100,000 h).
- a mercury vapor lamp can have a lifespan of around 4,000 h
- a sodium vapor lamp has a lifespan of around 25,000 h
- a light emitting diode has a lifespan of around 50,000 to 100,000 h.
- the heat produced during their use is only evacuated via their power supply, which is arranged on the back of the diodes.
- the space on which it is possible to act to dissipate the heat produced is thus very limited, in particular when the lamps are immersed in a reaction medium, and light-emitting diodes are therefore more difficult to cool than sodium vapor lamps. or mercury which emit heat in the form of infrared radiation and which can be easily cooled by circulating a coolant around it.
- WO 2009/153470 relates to a process for preparing lactams in which the photonitrosation step is carried out using light emitting diodes emitting monochromatic light.
- Document US 2017/0305851 describes a photoirradiation device in which a body comprising a multitude of light-emitting diodes is placed in two transparent containers, the first container comprising a gas and the second a liquid.
- Document JP 2019126768 describes a photoreaction device comprising two groups of diodes turning on and off independently and separated either by an opaque wall or by a light-absorbing substance, so that the radiation of the lit diodes n do not reach the unlit diodes.
- the invention relates firstly to a lamp for a photochemical reactor comprising:
- a support made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 100 W / m.K at 20 ° C and comprising at least one channel configured to contain a coolant;
- the material of the support is selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, aluminum, silicon carbide, graphite, aluminum-silicon carbide alloys, zinc, and combinations thereof.
- the support material has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 300 W / m.K at 20 ° C.
- the lamp further includes a bulb containing the holder, at least one printed circuit, and at least one light emitting diode.
- the ampoule contains an inert fluid, preferably dinitrogen, the inert gas preferably being in the form of an inert fluid stream.
- the support has a cross section in the shape of a convex polygon.
- the convex polygon has 5 to 25 sides.
- the at least one channel includes a coolant, preferably water.
- the lamp further comprises a supply line for the coolant fluid comprising a coolant having a temperature less than or equal to 25 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 10 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 5. ° C.
- the lamp has a light output greater than or equal to 40%.
- the invention also relates to a photochemical immersion reactor comprising a reaction liquid and at least one lamp as described above immersed at least in part in said reaction liquid.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a cycloalkanone oxime comprising the photonitrosation of a cycloalkane using a nitrosating agent and at least one lamp as described above.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a lactam comprising:
- the present invention makes it possible to meet the need expressed above. It more particularly provides a lamp having one or more advantageous properties, preferably all of these properties, among: improved light output, allowing reduced electricity consumption; good light power, allowing, when the lamp is used for a photochemical reaction (for example photonitrosation), a high productivity of the latter; a long service life; relatively low cost and good profitability.
- the lamp according to the invention can be compatible with existing installations using sodium or mercury vapor lamps and can be used in these installations without or with very little modification thereof. In addition, it does not require a complicated design and can be manufactured relatively simply.
- This particular assembly allows very good cooling both of the light-emitting diodes and of the printed circuits. Indeed, the coolant liquid is in contact, over a large area, with the material of the support of high thermal conductivity, which allows efficient heat exchange.
- the invention also has the advantage of being able to be used in a corrosive and / or humid medium, such as reaction media for the photonitrosation of cycloalkanes.
- FIG.1 shows a photograph of an example of a lamp according to the invention.
- FIG.2 shows a photograph of another example of a lamp according to the invention.
- FIG.3 shows the spectrum of a light emitting diode. The wavelength is shown on the x-axis and the relative light intensity (that is, the light intensity divided by the maximum light intensity) is on the y-axis. On this spectrum is represented the spectral width at half height AK, corresponding to the wavelengths for which the relative light intensity is greater than or equal to 0.5.
- FIG. 4 represents the average spectrum of wavelengths emitted by a white light emitting diode.
- FIG. 5 shows the cross section of the lamps exemplified according to the mode where there are several channels
- the invention relates to a lamp, preferably a reactor lamp.
- the reactor can, for example, be any photochemical reaction reactor (also called a "photochemical reactor"), preferably it is a photonitrosation reactor.
- the lamp is configured for use in an immersion reactor.
- immersion reactor is meant a reactor in which the light source necessary for the reaction, ie the lamp, is inside the reactor, at least partially immersed in the reaction medium.
- the lamp according to the invention comprises a support.
- This support is made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 100 W / m.K at 20 ° C. Thermal conductivity can be reset using the guarded hot plate method, according to ISO 8302.
- the backing material can include or consist of the materials below.
- the backing material may also include or consist of a combination of two or more of the above materials.
- the support material may have a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 150 W / mK, or greater than or equal to 200 W / mK, or greater than or equal to 250 W / mK, or greater than or equal to 300 W / mK, or greater or equal to 350 W / mK, or greater than or equal to 380 W / mK, at 20 ° C.
- the support is made of copper.
- the support has an elongated shape. This makes it possible to define a main direction (longitudinal) and transverse planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the support.
- the printed circuit (s) are arranged on the lateral surface of the support.
- the support includes a longitudinal axis.
- the support has a cross section in the form of a convex polygon.
- the carrier includes a longitudinal axis, the cross section to the longitudinal axis being polygonal convex.
- a “convex polygon” is a simple polygon (that is to say a polygon in which two non-consecutive sides do not intersect and two consecutive sides have only one of their vertices in common) in where any segment joining two vertices of the polygon is included in the set delimited by the polygon.
- the presence of a support having a cross section in the form of a convex polygon allows an arrangement of the diodes optimizing the direction of the light rays emitted by the diodes.
- the diodes when the diodes are arranged in a shape comprising concave parts (for example, in a star shape, such as that of the lamp described in the document “47 kw LED Lamp for Photochemical Reaction Processes”, Toshiba review Science and Technology Highlights 2016, p.47), some light rays from the diodes in these concave parts are emitted in the direction of the adjacent diodes (next to or in front) and not in the direction of the rest of the reaction medium. The rays of the adjacent diodes in the concave parts overlap each other, resulting in a loss of photons to perform the reaction.
- concave parts for example, in a star shape, such as that of the lamp described in the document “47 kw LED Lamp for Photochemical Reaction Processes”, Toshiba review Science and Technology Highlights 2016, p.47
- some light rays from the diodes in these concave parts are emitted in the direction of the adjacent diodes (next to or in front) and not in the direction of
- the arrangement of the diodes in a convex polygon shape makes it possible to improve the orientation of the light rays towards the reaction medium and to reduce the superposition of the light fluxes of the diodes, in order to make the maximum number of photons available for the reaction. .
- the polygon can be regular, or essentially regular (that is, all of its sides have the same length, or essentially the same length, and all of its angles have the same measure, or essentially the same measure) or irregular, preferably it is regular or essentially regular.
- the convex polygon may have a number of sides greater than or equal to 3, such as a number of sides ranging from 3 to 50, preferably from 4 to 30, more preferably from 5 to 25.
- the polygon may have a number of sides equal to 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, or 9, or 10, or 11, or 12, or 13, or 14 , or 15, or 16, or 17, or 18, or 19, or 20, or 21, or 22, or 23, or 24, or 25.
- the support comprises at least one channel (or conduit), preferably the support is crossed by said at least one channel.
- This channel is intended to contain or receive a coolant, preferably a flow of coolant (that is to say a coolant flowing through said channel).
- At least one channel is essentially parallel, or parallel, to the longitudinal axis of the support.
- At least one channel is formed, preferably drilled, in the holder.
- the support comprises a longitudinal axis and the at least one channel passes through the support along this axis.
- the medium can consist of a single channel or several channels.
- the medium may have 2 to 40 channels, such as 2 to 5 channels, or 5 to 10 channels, or 10 to 15 channels, or 15 to 20 channels, or 20 to 25 channels, or 25 to 30 channels, or 30 to 35 channels, or 35 to 40 channels.
- the channel (s) have a specific surface area greater than or equal to 0.5 nr 1 (m 2 / m 3 ), preferably greater than or equal to 1 m -1 , preferably greater than or equal to 5 nr 1 , preferably still greater than or equal to 10 nr 1 , preferably still greater than or equal to 20 nr 1 , more preferably greater than or equal to 50 nr 1 , more preferably greater than or equal to 100 nr 1 , even more preferably greater than or equal to 150 nr 1 .
- specific surface of the channels is meant the ratio of the area of the internal surface of the channels (defining the contact surface between the interior of the channels and the support) to the apparent volume of the support. Such a specific surface can allow a large contact surface, and therefore heat exchange, between the coolant and the support, and therefore good cooling of the light-emitting diodes and of the printed circuits.
- the at least one channel comprises a coolant, more preferably the coolant circulates in said channel, more preferably in a continuous flow.
- the coolant can be any gaseous or liquid fluid known to those skilled in the art.
- the coolant is a liquid.
- the coolant is an aqueous solution, more preferably water.
- the coolant can optionally comprise one or more additives, such as an anti-corrosion agent, an anti-bacterial agent, an anti-algae agent, an antioxidant, etc.
- the fluid supplied to the support has a temperature less than or equal to 25 ° C.
- This temperature corresponds to the temperature of the fluid before it has effected heat exchanges with the support (that is to say, the temperature of the fluid entering the support).
- the fluid entering the support has a temperature less than or equal to 20 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 15 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 10 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 5 ° C.
- the fluid can for example have an inlet temperature of the support of 0.5 to 5 ° C, or 5 to 10 ° C, or 10 to 15 ° C, or 15 to 20 ° C, or 20 to 25 ° C.
- the lamp may include a supply line for supplying the coolant to the channel or channels present in the holder.
- this supply line comprises coolant.
- the coolant advantageously has a temperature as described above.
- the lead line can include or be made of one or more materials as described above in relation to the support.
- the feed line can be copper.
- the material (s) of the feed line may be the same or different from that (s) of the support.
- the supply line can be connected to the support via a fluid distributor, which distributes the fluid, preferably evenly, between the different channels.
- This distributor is assembled with the supply line and with the support by all known conventional means such as welding, gluing, crimping, etc., depending on the nature of the materials of the assembled elements. For example, if the feed line is copper and the support is copper, we will preferably choose solder as the means of assembly.
- the lamp may also include a coolant fluid collection line to recover the coolant fluid after it has passed through the support.
- the collection line can comprise or be made of one or more materials as described above in relation to the support.
- the collection line can be copper.
- the material (s) of the collection line may be identical or different from that or those of the support, and identical or different from that or those of the supply line.
- the collection line can be connected to the medium via a fluid manifold, which collects the fluids from the various channels of the medium and sends them to the collection line.
- This collector is assembled with the collection line and with the support by all known conventional means such as welding, gluing, crimping, etc., depending on the nature of the materials of the assembled elements. For example, if the collection line is made of copper and the support is made of copper, it is preferable to choose solder as the means of assembly.
- the coolant can be recycled and reused as a coolant, preferably after cooling, for example after passing through a heat exchanger.
- the lamp comprises at least one printed circuit (or PCB for “printed circuit board”) mounted on the support.
- PCB printed circuit board
- the at least one printed circuit can be attached directly to the support (i.e. directly in contact with the support) or one or more parts or intermediate layers can be present between the circuit and the support, provided that said parts or intermediate layers have good thermal conductivity, for example greater than or equal to 0.4 W / mK at 20 ° C (as for example measured according to the ISO 8302 standard by the guarded hot plate method).
- the circuit can be mounted on the support by any compatible fixing means.
- Fastening means suitable for mounting the printed circuit on the support are adhesive tape, in particular double-sided adhesive tape, glue, preferably thermally conductive, screws, clips, or combinations thereof.
- the circuit When the circuit is attached to the support by means of a double-sided adhesive tape, the latter advantageously has good thermal conductivity, for example greater than or equal to 0.4 W / mK at 20 ° C (as for example measured according to the ISO 8302 standard by the guarded hot plate method).
- the circuit When the circuit is attached to the support by means of glue, the latter advantageously has good thermal conductivity, for example greater than or equal to 0.4 W / mK at 20 ° C (as for example measured according to the ISO 8302 standard by the guarded hot plate method).
- the PCB can be chosen from all types of printed circuit known to those skilled in the art, in particular printed circuits with a metal core (
- Non-direct thermal path in English
- MCPCB Metal Core PCB
- non-direct thermal path conventional (called technology “non-direct thermal path", (“Non-direct thermal path” in English)
- non-direct thermal path in English
- the metal core printed circuits with “direct thermal path” technology such as for example the SinkPAD TM PCB or the TPAD PCB, that is to say without dielectric layer between the LED mounted on the circuit and the metal base of the circuit, which makes it possible to improve the heat transfer between the LED and the lamp holder.
- the printed circuits are arranged on all or part of at least one external face of the support.
- the printed circuits are arranged on all or part of all the external faces of the support.
- the lamp according to the invention comprises at least one light emitting diode.
- the light emitting diode is mounted on the printed circuit, more preferably directly on the surface of the circuit.
- the diode can be mounted on the circuit by the technique of components mounted on the surface (or SMT for "surface-mount technology") or by the technology of through-holes (or THT for "through-hole technology”).
- the light emitting diode can be mounted on the printed circuit board by soldering, soldering, or combinations thereof.
- the light-emitting diode (s) are arranged so that their radiation-emitting part faces outward (relative to the support).
- the lamp according to the invention advantageously contains a plurality of light emitting diodes, for example between 50 and 100,000 light emitting diodes.
- the number of light emitting diodes can depend on different parameters such as the size of the photochemical reactor, the power and wavelength of the LEDs, the desired productivity of the photochemical reaction, etc.
- the light-emitting diodes are arranged on all or part of at least one external face of the support.
- the light-emitting diodes are arranged on all or part of all of the external faces of the support.
- the at least one light-emitting diode preferably emits so-called monochromatic radiation (such a diode also being called “monochromatic diode” in the remainder of the present description).
- light emitting diode emitting monochromatic radiation is meant a light emitting diode having a spectral width at half height (corresponding to the range of wavelengths having an intensity light greater than or equal to half of the maximum light intensity of the spectrum of the diode, as shown in figure 3) narrow, typically a spectral width at half height of 20 to 90 nm, more preferably 20 to 40 nm .
- Dominant wavelength or DWL in English
- DWL peak emission wavelength
- the monochromatic radiation emitted by at least one light-emitting diode has a dominant wavelength ranging from 550 to 750 nm, more preferably from 580 to 740 nm, and even more preferably from 610 to 670, for example from about 550 to 560 nm, or from 560 to 570 nm, or from 570 to 580 nm, or from 580 to 590 nm, or from 585 to 595 nm, or from 590 to 600 nm, or from 600 to 610 nm, or from 610 to 620 nm, or from
- the light emitting diodes may be the same or different (for example they may emit at different dominant wavelengths), and are preferably identical.
- light emitting diodes emit at different dominant lengths, they can all independently emit monochromatic radiation of a dominant wavelength within the ranges mentioned above.
- the lamp according to the invention advantageously comprises a bulb containing the support, at least one printed circuit and at least one light emitting diode.
- anoule is meant a gas-tight container.
- the bulb surrounds the assembly formed by the support, the at least one printed circuit and the at least one light-emitting diode, that is to say that this assembly is positioned at inside the bulb.
- the bulb is at least partly transparent (for example, over an area corresponding to at least 50%, or at least 80%, of the area of the bulb, preferably over the whole) and, in particular, leaves pass the radiation emitted by light-emitting diodes over at least part of its surface (for example, over an area corresponding to at least 50%, or at least 80%, of its surface, preferably over its entire surface) .
- the ampoule comprises at least one fluid inlet, for supplying an inert fluid to the ampoule.
- This fluid inlet can be an opening for a supply line of an inert fluid. More preferably, it comprises at least one fluid outlet, intended for the recovery of inert fluid. This fluid outlet may be an opening for a collection line for the inert fluid.
- the bulb comprises an opening for the passage of the coolant supply line and / or an opening for the passage of the refrigerant line. collection of the coolant and / or an opening for the passage of the power cables of the light-emitting diodes.
- the bulb can also include a single opening and / or two openings for the passage of the lines for supplying and collecting all the fluids and for the electric cables.
- the bulb is advantageously made of glass, for example of borosilicate glass, of soda-lime glass and / or of lead glass.
- it can be made of acrylic resin, methacrylic resin (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester or copolyester, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), and / or any material transparent to the wavelengths emitted by the light-emitting diodes.
- the ampoule preferably contains an inert fluid. More preferably, the inert fluid is in the form of an inert fluid flow (i.e., the inert fluid flows through the ampoule, entering through the fluid inlet of the ampoule and exiting. by the fluid outlet of the bulb), more preferably in the form of a continuous flow.
- inert fluid is meant a fluid incapable of reacting with the reagents present in the reactor.
- the inert fluid is preferably an inert gas.
- the inert fluid can be selected from the group consisting of dinitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton and / or xenon. Particularly preferably, the inert fluid is dinitrogen.
- the presence of a bulb containing an inert fluid around the whole of the support, of the at least one printed circuit and of the at least one light-emitting diode makes it possible to protect this assembly and in particular makes it possible to reduce, or even avoid, corrosion of the support, the diode and / or the circuit when the lamp may be subjected to a corrosive atmosphere (such as that of the reaction medium for the photonitrosation of a cycloalkane, which may for example contain nitrosyl chloride, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides and / or water).
- a corrosive atmosphere such as that of the reaction medium for the photonitrosation of a cycloalkane, which may for example contain nitrosyl chloride, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides and / or water.
- This protection therefore makes it possible to extend the life of the lamp.
- the lamp according to the invention advantageously has a light output greater than or equal to 30%.
- the light output corresponds to the ratio of the light power emitted by the lamp (in Watt) to the electric power supplied (or supply power) (in Watt), multiplied by 100.
- the light power emitted by the lamp can be measured by radiometry, for example using an integrating sphere, for example by following the CIE 127 standard (“Measurement of LEDs”). More preferably, the lamp has a light output greater than or equal to 32%, more preferably greater than or equal to 35%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 38%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 40%.
- the invention also relates to a reactor comprising at least one lamp as described above.
- the reactor is an immersion reactor.
- the lamp is positioned at the center of the reactor. In the event that there is more than one lamp, the lamps are preferably positioned evenly within the reactor volume.
- the reactor comprises a reaction medium, more preferably a reaction liquid.
- the at least one lamp is preferably partly immersed in said reaction liquid, and more preferably, fully immersed in said reaction liquid, more preferably without being in contact therewith, for example thanks to the presence of hollow cylinders immersed in the reaction medium, in which the at least one lamp is positioned.
- the reaction medium comprises at least one cycloalkane, advantageously cyclohexane and / or cyclododecane.
- the reaction medium can also comprise nitrosyl chloride and / or any other nitrosating agent such as, for example, nitrosyl acid sulfate, trichloronitrosomethane or a mixture of chlorine / nitrogen monoxide; in addition, the reaction medium may comprise sulfuric acid and / or hydrochloric acid and / or water and / or at least one cycloalkanone-oxime (preferably cyclododecanone-oxime and / or cyclohexanone- oxime) and / or a reaction solvent, preferably inert to light and unreactive with the nitrosating agent and the acids present, such as halogenated hydrocarbons such as for example halogenomethanes, preferably chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, and / or hydrocarbons aromatic, such as, for
- the reactor according to the invention may comprise a body comprising, or consisting of, PVC, PVDF (poly (vinylidene fluoride)), glass steel and / or glass.
- the glasses that can be used to manufacture the reactor are all types of glass such as borosilicate glasses (Pyrex®, for example), soda-lime glasses, lead glasses, silica glasses and / or glass-ceramics.
- the lamp as described above can be used to carry out any photochemical reaction such as, for example, photohalogenations, photosulfoxidations, photonitrosations, photocycloadditions, photocyclizations, photooxygenations, photopolymerizations, photochemical rearrangements, photocatalytic reactions, etc.
- photochemical reaction such as, for example, photohalogenations, photosulfoxidations, photonitrosations, photocycloadditions, photocyclizations, photooxygenations, photopolymerizations, photochemical rearrangements, photocatalytic reactions, etc.
- the lamp as described above can be used to perform photonitrosation of a cycloalkane, in particular for the preparation of a cycloalkanone oxime and / or a lactam.
- Cycloalkane photonitrosation is carried out using a nitrosating agent, preferably using nitrosyl chloride (NOCI).
- NOCI nitrosyl chloride
- nitrosating agent is meant a species or a compound allowing the substitution, in a molecule, of a nitrosyl group with a hydrogen atom. It can alternatively or additionally be carried out using a gas mixture of NOCI and hydrogen chloride, a gas mixture of nitrogen monoxide and chlorine, a gas mixture of nitrogen monoxide.
- nitrosyl chloride such as as for example hydrochloric acid mixed with nitric acid or nitrosyl acid sulfate or alkyl nitrites such as ethyl or amyl nitrite.
- the photonitrosation is advantageously carried out in a two-phase organic solvent / sulfuric acid medium.
- the temperature and concentration conditions are well known to those skilled in the art and can be such as those described, for example, in documents US Pat. No. 3,734,845, US 3,681, 217 or FR 1331478.
- An oxime in the form of Oxime hydrochloride is thus generated in the organic phase. This oxime can then be extracted by the sulfuric phase.
- the cycloalkane is preferably cyclododecane.
- Cyclododecanone oxime hydrochloride can then be obtained by photonitrosation according to the reaction:
- the source of photons (h v) is the lamp according to the invention, and more particularly the light emitting diodes.
- the cycloalkane can be cyclohexane.
- Cyclohexanone-oxime hydrochloride can then be obtained by photonitrosation.
- the reactor can be as described above.
- a second reaction step can then be carried out.
- this second step comprises a Beckmann transposition of the oxime resulting from the first photonitrosation step.
- This step is advantageously carried out in a concentrated sulfuric medium.
- lauryllactam (or dodecalactam) can be obtained from cyclododecanone-oxime (itself preferably obtained from cyclododecane) according to the reaction:
- Caprolactam can also be obtained by Beckmann transposition of cyclohexanone-oxime hydrochloride.
- the Beckmann transposition is carried out in a reactor comprising a body comprising glass, preferably a body made of glass.
- a body comprising glass preferably a body made of glass.
- the use of glass as a material avoids the corrosion problems usually seen with conventional materials such as metals.
- the glasses that can be used to manufacture the reactor are all types of glass such as borosilicate glasses (Pyrex®, for example), soda-lime glasses, lead glasses, silica glasses and / or glass-ceramics.
- the body of the reactor can comprise, or be made of tantalum, and / or glass steel.
- a 1 pilot lamp is manufactured.
- the lamp 1 comprises a copper support 2 of conductivity 390 W / mK at 20 ° C.
- the support 2 has a shape of a straight prism, a length of 230 mm and a cross section in the form of a regular convex decagon (10-sided polygon).
- the circle circumscribing this decagon has a diameter of 37.3 mm.
- the support 2 is crossed, in the longitudinal direction and over its entire length, by 8 cylindrical channels 15 (parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axis of the support) with a diameter of 7 mm.
- One of the channels is positioned in the center of the support and the 7 others are positioned around the central channel, in a circle, and equidistant from each other.
- the 8 channels are connected, respectively via a fluid distributor and a fluid manifold 10, to a supply line 6 and a collection line 5, intended respectively for supplying the channels with coolant and for recovering the fluid. secondary refrigerant.
- a fluid distributor and a fluid manifold 10 to a supply line 6 and a collection line 5, intended respectively for supplying the channels with coolant and for recovering the fluid. secondary refrigerant.
- printed circuits 3 are fixed on a part of the side surface of the support 2, on the 10 sides of the support 2.
- the printed circuits 3 are fixed on the support 2 by means of a double-sided adhesive tape having a thermal conductivity of 0.4 W / mK at 20 ° C and the printed circuit boards are also screwed at each of their two ends into the copper support by two screws made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Light-emitting diodes 4 with a side of 3.45 mm are soldered on the printed circuits 3 and cover the support 2 over a length of 94 mm. These diodes 4 all have a dominant wavelength of 615 nm. They are available from Created under the reference XPEBRO-L1-0000-00D01 and provide a luminous flux of 107 Im at 350 mA. 32 diodes are arranged on each of the 10 sides of the support, ie 320 LEDs in total.
- the lamp 1 may include a protective glass bulb 7.
- the ampoule 7 has a diameter of 44 mm and comprises a fluid inlet 9 and a fluid outlet 8, intended for the circulation of a flow of an inert fluid in said ampoule 7.
- the ampoule 7 also comprises an opening 11 for the passage of the collection line 5, an opening 13 for the passage of the supply line 6 and an opening 12 for the passage of the supply cables 14 of the diodes 4.
- Lamp 1 has an electric power supply of 250 W.
- the measurement of the luminous flux of the lamp 1 was carried out by circulating water at a temperature of 5 ° C as a continuous coolant in the supply line 6, then in the channels of the support 2, then in the collection line 5, then placing the lamp inside a 200 cm integral sphere of the Labsphere brand and measuring the power emitted as a function of the electric power supply.
- the light output of the lamp 1 tested is therefore between 41 and 45% depending on the electrical power supply.
- the luminous efficiency of a sodium vapor lamp of the Philips brand and reference MASTER SON-T PIA Plus 250W / 220 E40 was determined by measuring the power emitted by the lamp in the same integrating sphere as for lamp 1.
- This sodium vapor lamp has an electric power supply of 250 W. It has a 94 mm burner and a 48 mm diameter bulb. This sodium vapor lamp has a light output of 36%.
- the lamp 1 according to the invention has a higher light output than that of the sodium vapor lamp.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2001693A FR3107612B1 (fr) | 2020-02-20 | 2020-02-20 | Lampe pour réacteur photochimique à base de diodes électroluminescentes |
| PCT/FR2021/050309 WO2021165627A1 (fr) | 2020-02-20 | 2021-02-22 | Lampe pour réacteur photochimique à base de diodes électroluminescentes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4107793A1 true EP4107793A1 (fr) | 2022-12-28 |
Family
ID=69903698
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21711302.6A Pending EP4107793A1 (fr) | 2020-02-20 | 2021-02-22 | Lampe pour réacteur photochimique à base de diodes électroluminescentes |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11844154B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4107793A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2023515071A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20220143121A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN115176348A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3107612B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021165627A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010006776A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Toray Ind Inc | シクロアルカノンオキシムの製造方法および光化学反応装置 |
| JP2013200944A (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-03 | Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp | 光源装置 |
| EP3183493B1 (fr) * | 2014-08-21 | 2018-10-10 | Peschl Ultraviolet GmbH | Module de lampe comportant des diodes luminescentes et photoréacteur |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1331478A (fr) | 1962-05-22 | 1963-07-05 | Organico | Procédé de préparation de cycloalcanone-oximes et de leurs dérivés |
| FR1571329A (fr) | 1967-12-20 | 1969-06-20 | ||
| CH533600A (fr) | 1970-03-17 | 1973-02-15 | Aquitaine Total Organico | Procédé de photooximation en continu des cycloalcanes |
| FR2931478B1 (fr) | 2008-05-26 | 2012-08-03 | Arkema France | Prodece de preparation de lactames comprenant une etape de photonitrosation suivie d'une etape de transposition de beckmann |
| FR2940679B1 (fr) * | 2008-12-31 | 2016-06-10 | Finan Trading Company | Systeme d'eclairage a diodes electroluminescentes. |
| CN101655189A (zh) * | 2009-07-16 | 2010-02-24 | 艾迪光电(杭州)有限公司 | 中空式液冷led条形灯 |
| EP2868655B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-27 | 2020-04-15 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Procédé de fabrication d'une cycloalcanone oxime |
| CA2961001C (fr) * | 2014-09-15 | 2019-07-16 | Nicholas Michael D'onofrio | Carte de circuit imprime a noyau metallique refroidi par liquide |
| EP3205396B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-09 | 2020-04-29 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Dispositif de réaction photochimique, méthode de réaction photochimique utilisant celle-ci, et méthode de production de lactam pour l'utilisation de cette méthode |
| US20170305851A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2017-10-26 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Photoirradiation device, photoreaction method using the same, and method for producing lactam |
| WO2016199706A1 (fr) | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | 東レ株式会社 | Dispositif d'alimentation électrique, dispositif de réaction photochimique et procédé dans lequel celui-ci est utilisé, et procédé de fabrication de lactame |
| WO2017133995A1 (fr) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-10 | Basf Se | Procédé de production lactames c4-c15 |
| JP2019126768A (ja) | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 光反応装置 |
| CN209393167U (zh) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-09-17 | 内蒙古三爱富万豪氟化工有限公司 | 光氯化反应管和光氯化反应器 |
-
2020
- 2020-02-20 FR FR2001693A patent/FR3107612B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-02-22 WO PCT/FR2021/050309 patent/WO2021165627A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-02-22 EP EP21711302.6A patent/EP4107793A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-02-22 CN CN202180015694.4A patent/CN115176348A/zh active Pending
- 2021-02-22 KR KR1020227032548A patent/KR20220143121A/ko active Pending
- 2021-02-22 US US17/760,131 patent/US11844154B2/en active Active
- 2021-02-22 JP JP2022549863A patent/JP2023515071A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010006776A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Toray Ind Inc | シクロアルカノンオキシムの製造方法および光化学反応装置 |
| JP2013200944A (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-03 | Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp | 光源装置 |
| EP3183493B1 (fr) * | 2014-08-21 | 2018-10-10 | Peschl Ultraviolet GmbH | Module de lampe comportant des diodes luminescentes et photoréacteur |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2021165627A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021165627A1 (fr) | 2021-08-26 |
| FR3107612B1 (fr) | 2022-03-04 |
| CN115176348A (zh) | 2022-10-11 |
| US20230099496A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
| JP2023515071A (ja) | 2023-04-12 |
| FR3107612A1 (fr) | 2021-08-27 |
| KR20220143121A (ko) | 2022-10-24 |
| US11844154B2 (en) | 2023-12-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Yuan et al. | Carbon quantum dots: an emerging material for optoelectronic applications | |
| US10814024B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for irradiation | |
| Mai et al. | Excitation‐independent emission of carbon quantum dot solids | |
| US9932296B2 (en) | Method of producing cycloalkanone oxime | |
| WO2021165627A1 (fr) | Lampe pour réacteur photochimique à base de diodes électroluminescentes | |
| US9181177B2 (en) | Method of producing cycloalkanone oxime | |
| EP3205395B1 (fr) | Dispositif de photo-irradiation, procédé de photoréaction l'utilisant, et procédé de production de lactame | |
| EP0609153B1 (fr) | Nouveau procédé photochimique gaz/liquide d'halogénation d'alkylbenzènes | |
| BE1018931A5 (fr) | Dispositif d'illumination et en particulier ampoule ou tube pour lampe en del (led). | |
| BE1026973B1 (fr) | Module d'illumination comprenant des diodes electroluminescentes | |
| US12087889B1 (en) | White light LED with rubidium vapor emission in nested enclosure optimizing human vision and horticultural pigment irradiance | |
| FR3055949A1 (fr) | Connexion thermique pour module lumineux | |
| FR3027656A3 (fr) | Lampe a led | |
| Mai et al. | Research Article Excitation-Independent Emission of Carbon Quantum Dot Solids | |
| BE889423A (fr) | Ampoule de lampe | |
| Miasojedovas | Control of fluorescence properties of organic optoelectronic materials by molecular aggregate formation | |
| BE421730A (fr) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220808 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ARKEMA FRANCE |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20250507 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ARKEMA FRANCE Owner name: TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. |