EP4103674A1

EP4103674A1 - Combustion device

Info

Publication number: EP4103674A1
Application number: EP21706213.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Nils Ole Dauskardt
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-02-13
Filing date: 2021-02-15
Publication date: 2022-12-21
Also published as: WO2021160880A1; DE102020103807B3; US20230349547A1; CL2022002166A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustion device for burning fuel, e.g. wood, wood chips, wood pellets or the like, wherein the combustion device comprises a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the second chamber is located underneath the first chamber and the first chamber receives the fuel, wherein the first chamber comprises, at the bottom, an intermediate layer of combustible material which holds the fuel in the first chamber as long as the intermediate layer is not damaged or destroyed by burning and such that, following damage to or destruction of the intermediate layer, fuel located in the first chamber falls into the second chamber, wherein, during the combustion process in the first chamber, substantially gas combustion is caused and, after the fuel is transported into the second chamber, preferably coal burning takes place or the fuel can be removed from the second chamber through an opening.

Description

Burning device

The invention relates to a burner that is used to burn a certain material to be burned, the combustion in the first phase is essentially a gas combustion, at the end of which essentially charcoal remains and then this charcoal is either supplied for another purpose, e.g. . B. Use on a charcoal grill for the preparation of food or the charcoal obtained is further treated so that it cools down and can later be used for other purposes, be it grill charcoal or as fertilizer in the garden or the like.

Insofar as the term “charcoal” is mentioned in the present application, it refers to the product which is also often referred to as vegetable or biochar, that is to say coal that is obtained through thermal conversion of plants, in particular wood components.

Burning devices of various types have been known for a long time. Starting with a campfire through various stoves, chimneys, etc., the burning of wood has long been state of the art. This also applies to processed wood, such as B. wood chips or wood pellets.

Wood chips are obtained by chopping up existing wood and thus bringing it to a predetermined size. Wood pellets are regularly made by pressing kindling or sawdust in order to form a pellet body of a certain size and shape. The advantage of wood chips, wood pellets or appropriately processed wood products is that they are essentially still free-flowing and thus by various drives, such as. B screw drives, conveyor belts, etc. can be fed to the combustion chamber in a certain dosage.

The advantage of wood chips, wood pellets and the like is that they can be adjusted to a predetermined humidity, e.g. B. 15% or less, industrially are dried, which is not possible with logs, whole tree trunks or the like in such a fast time and not so evenly.

While split logs, including wood pressed into briquettes, brown coal, hard coal or peat, etc. are regularly burned in stoves or chimneys, wood chips and / or pellets are regularly used where heat generation is important, less a visually appealing flame like a fireplace (with or without a protective window) to create a pleasant room ambience.

The aim of the invention is to form a visually very attractive flame in a burning device, i.e. H. a flame that is clearly visible and that remains visible for a certain period of time and hardly changes its flame image. Another object of the invention is to give the user of the burner the possibility to operate the burner with as little effort as possible, in particular with as little contamination as possible, and the user should also be able to operate the burner very quickly and safely to be able to take. In the case of chimneys, stoves or campfires in particular, the difficulty for inexperienced users is always to get the desired fire going. This can be due to the moisture in the wood on the one hand, and on the other hand to the fact that the desired kindling agent is not available in sufficient quantities or the user simply lacks the necessary know-how to light a wood fire.

Ignition means is basically any kind of ignition aid, e.g. B. Fidibus, be it on a biological or chemical basis, i.e. a kindling aid that immediately starts to burn after contact with a flame (e.g. a match, a lighter, etc.). B. wood, also to light. A typical kindling agent today is primarily a wood wool igniter, ie wood wool which is cross-linked on the outside with wax (especially paraffin wax) and which turns the wood wool into a predetermined body, e.g. B. a cylinder, a ball or the like. To light a fire, this kindling is regularly placed near the wood that is to burn in the stove, fireplace or the like. In principle, however, any kind of lighting aid can be used, be it on a biological or chemical basis, i.e. a lighting aid that starts to burn immediately after contact with a flame in order to also ignite the surrounding material. The object set is achieved by means of the invention by a burner device with the feature according to claim 1. Advantageous further developments are described in the subclaims.

It is very important for the burner device according to the invention that it ultimately has a structure with a first chamber - chamber z. B. for a gas combustion - and a second chamber z. B. for a coal combustion, wherein an intermediate layer (intermediate floor) can be introduced between the first and second chambers and this intermediate layer consists of a combustible material. The function of the intermediate layer is, on the one hand, to separate the first chamber from the second chamber, and above all to carry the items to be burned in the first chamber, even if the items to be burned have already started.

A combustible material is provided as the material of the intermediate layer, e.g. B. wood, cardboard, fiberboard, plywood or the like (a combination of different combustible materials is also conceivable). This intermediate layer is designed in such a way that not only the material to be fired rests on it, but also when the material to be fired burns from top to bottom, the intermediate layer burns and the entire material to be fired (regardless of how far it has already burned) which is on the intermediate layer is stored, when the intermediate layer loses its stability or structure due to its incineration, with the intermediate layer (as completely as possible) falling down into the second chamber due to the force of gravity.

Since the material to be fired has by then burned down from above, as mentioned, and gases present in the material to be fired are largely driven out due to the gas combustion, when the material to be fired falls into the second chamber, essentially, ie. H. For more than 80 to 90% only materials that are regularly referred to as charcoal.

If the second chamber has a closed, but openable shaft, the charcoal that has fallen into the second chamber (as well as ash) can be removed there and, for example, the still glowing charcoal can then be immediately fed to a charcoal grill and thus the charcoal will stand through the burning device produced charcoal immediately available for food preparation on a charcoal grill, without the user having to buy charcoal himself. In this respect, the invention also creates the possibility for a user to produce his own charcoal himself, namely when he also needs it for a barbecue meal. If the user does not immediately process the fuel that has fallen into the second chamber, i.e. the coal, it can cool down there and then later be made available as charcoal or for other purposes, e.g. B. for fertilization purposes in the garden or the like. Several tests have shown that the invention produces an excellent flame pattern, because the fact that the material to be fired has predefined properties (particle / grain size, quantity, packaging density, degree of humidity, degree of dryness) enables a reliably repeatable burning result to be achieved , which is characterized by an attractive flame pattern and the burning time can also be determined relatively precisely (in terms of time) in advance.

As soon as the material to be fired has burned down to the intermediate layer and this has been destroyed, the material to be fired falls from the first chamber into the second chamber and the first chamber can then be refilled immediately.

The combustion chamber can basically be filled by first placing the intermediate layer (e.g. a combustible shelf with certain dimensions) on the bottom of the first chamber and there on the bottom by means of a corresponding holding device - this can simply protrude into the interior of the chamber Projections (screws, pins, edges, etc.) - and then the material to be fired is tilted onto the intermediate layer until a predetermined, desired filling level is reached in the first firing chamber.

Subsequently, a lighter / an ignition aid - as stated above - is preferably placed on the item to be fired, this is ignited and the entire firing process for the item to be fired thus begins in the first chamber until the flame reaches the intermediate layer, destroys it and then in turn, the material to be fired in the first chamber, in particular charcoal as mentioned, falls into the second chamber.

For particularly simple handling, in particular also for particularly clean handling, which does not create any contamination when the first combustion chamber is filled with material to be fired, the invention provides a container whose dimensions in terms of height, width and length essentially correspond to the dimensions of the first chamber are adjusted (possibly with a slight undersize). This container is then already filled in advance with the items to be fired and can easily be inserted into the second chamber from above. There is then the possibility that the intermediate floor is previously inserted into the first chamber and held there by the holder in the chambers in order to place the container on it or, alternatively, the intermediate floor already forms the bottom of the container or is inserted into it so that when Insertion of the material to be fired is placed with the intermediate floor and the container in the first chamber.

The user can then place a lighting aid on the top of the item to be fired and light it.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible that the top of the container is already provided with this lighting aid and even the top of the container is closed on the top after filling with the material to be fired and the insertion of the lighting aid, so that the container can be inserted into the first chamber in a completely clean manner. without the risk that dust, rubbish, small parts, etc. of the material to be fired could be spilled out of the container.

When the container according to the invention is filled with material to be fired, provided with a lighting aid inserted on the top and closed, quick lighting is also possible - “plug and play” - since everything is already prepared for the start of combustion.

The container preferably also has a carrying aid (made of combustible material) on the top, e.g. B. in the form of a handle or the like, which consists of the same material as the container, or at the same time represents a kind of fuse, d. H. When this handle is lit with the lighter, it burns downwards and hits the ignition aid located under the handle so that the ignition aid and / or the material to be burned can be easily ignited.

Due to the type of filling, in particular the amount, the degree of drying, the size of the fuel - there are wood chips / pellets of different size classes - the burn (duration, shape) can be predetermined very precisely and thus the burning time of the gas burning phase can also be predetermined .

In this gas burning phase - in the first chamber - there is, as mentioned, an attractive flame pattern - although with reasonable drying (e.g. below 15%) of the fuel there is hardly any smoke and if in the first chamber only from If air can penetrate from above, the corresponding flame is only created there, ie the visible flame develops essentially above the edge of the first chamber and even if the item to be fired has already burned down relatively far down in the direction of the intermediate layer (intermediate floor).

By forming ventilation openings (oxygen supply) in the upper or middle part of the first chamber or by opening or closing such ventilation openings, the user can directly influence the burn. For example, the more air that enters the first chamber from below, the faster the material to be fired will burn.

The intermediate layer according to the invention (intermediate floor) consists, as mentioned, of a combustible material. This can be a wooden board but also a plywood board / laminated wood board or a board made of wood fiber, paper fiber, a board made of cardboard, paper, etc. can hold (carry) and when the flame is reached, the intermediate layer also burns, so that the structure of the intermediate layer is lost due to the destruction of the burner and the material still in the first chamber can fall down into the second chamber.

This second chamber is ideally arranged vertically below the first chamber, but can also be arranged slightly offset from this by means of sluices running laterally.

When the coal (the fuel burned in the first chamber) falls into the second chamber, this second chamber should be closed as smoke-tight as possible so that the still glowing coal no longer glows due to cooling and due to insufficient acid supply and then later through an access (e.g. a door, a flap, a shaft, etc.) can be removed from the second chamber.

As mentioned, it is also possible that when the charcoal falls into the second chamber due to the burning of the intermediate layer, it can be fetched directly out of the second chamber by means of a dustpan etc. via the access in order to then use it to equip a charcoal grill, on which meat, fish, vegetables, etc. can then be grilled. The advantage of the burner device according to the invention therefore also consists in the fact that a user can produce his own fresh, still glowing charcoal in order to operate the charcoal grill with it.

If the charcoal falling into the second chamber is not to be processed further immediately, it will cool down and can later be used as charcoal - as usual - or as fertilizer or any other type of use for which charcoal can be used.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an example shown.

FIG. 1a shows from the outside a burner device 1 according to the invention, in which the flames 2 emerging from the burner device can be seen.

FIG. 1 b shows a partial elevation of the burner device 1 according to the invention.

It can be seen that in a first chamber 3 there is arranged material 4 which burns down from above and thus the flame 2 is visible above the edges R of the burner device 1. The chamber 3 is closed at the bottom by an intermediate layer 5. This intermediate layer can be an insert base (intermediate base) which is held at the lower end of the chamber 3 by a protruding edge or projections or holding device (not shown). The intermediate layer 5 thus forms an intermediate floor and consists of a combustible material, e.g. B. cardboard, wood, wood fiber, pressed wood, pressed pieces of wood, pressed cardboard, plywood or the like. This intermediate layer is designed in such a way that it has a certain structural strength that is retained over a very specific period of time and is retained even if the item to be fired burns through from top to bottom to the intermediate layer and also sets the intermediate layer on fire. The thicker the intermediate layer and the less easily ignitable the intermediate layer, the longer it then takes to destroy the intermediate layer and its structural strength through combustion. If the intermediate layer loses its structure as a result of the combustion, it collapses and the material to be fired, which is still stored on the intermediate layer, falls into a second chamber 6 in front of the first chamber 3.

This second chamber 6 thus also serves as a collecting chamber for the burnt material. The majority of the burned material is then, if for example wood chips or wood pellets form the material to be burned, charcoal, which essentially has the properties of barbecue charcoal d. H. it is hot, glows, but produces no or hardly any flame.

This means that the material to be fired in the second chamber is still glowing and develops a high temperature, but no longer burns with a flame, because the combustion from above essentially results in the first phase, i.e. as long as the material to be fired is in the first chamber, a gas combustion take place.

If the material burned during the gas combustion falls into the second chamber, coal combustion will take place if there is sufficient oxygen supply, i. H. the coal burns up, gives off its heat and crumbles to ash. Ventilation openings (nozzles) 7 are also shown in FIGS. 1b, 1c and 1d. Such openings can influence the gas burning phase, above all accelerate it, and also ensure that coal falling into the second chamber cools down as quickly as possible so that it can be stored as charcoal.

FIGS. 1e and 1f show alternative examples for inserting the intermediate layer in the first combustion chamber 3.

According to FIG. 1 e, the combustion device has an edge in the transition between the first combustion chamber 3 and the second combustion chamber 6, so that a circumferential projection 8 is created on which the intermediate layer 5 can be placed and held there.

An alternative possibility is shown in FIG. 1 f, where a stop, which prevents the intermediate layer from falling into the second combustion chamber 6, is formed by a projection in the form, for. B. of pins or bolts or screws or the like, which protrude into the interior of the first combustion chamber and thus prevent the undestroyed intermediate layer from slipping through / falling down in the direction of the second chamber 6. The cross-sectional area of the first chamber can, for example, be circular, oval, rectangular or square. FIG. 1g essentially shows a rectangular cross-sectional area with the projections 8 'at the lower end, which prevent the intermediate layer from falling through in the direction of the second chamber. It goes without saying that the projections, which prevent the intermediate layer from falling through, are not flammable, and e.g. B made of metal or the like.

FIG. 2 shows in a view (with an elevation) an example of a prefabricated container 9 which can be inserted into the first chamber 3. In the variant shown, the container 9, like the chamber 3, has a rectangular cross-section and is adapted from the external dimensions to the internal dimensions of the first chamber 3 in such a way that the container can be easily introduced (inserted) into the chamber from above can.

In the example shown, the intermediate layer 5 made of combustible material is placed in the container 9 at the bottom. This also has the advantage that the container 9 thus retains its external shape (cuboid shape) as best as possible even after being filled with items to be fired, and can thus be easily inserted into the first chamber 3.

Since the intermediate layer 5, i.e. the intermediate bottom, lies on the bottom of the container 9, the bottom cannot deform there either after it has been filled with items to be fired, so that, as mentioned, the intermediate layer, i.e. the intermediate bottom, contributes to the structural stabilization of the filled container. This later makes it easier to insert the container into the first chamber.

The container itself is filled with the material to be burned, i.e. wood pellets, wood chips or the like with a predetermined size, packing density, degree of dryness, etc .. On top of the material to be burned 4, an igniter 10 is placed, which after the container 1 has been introduced into the chamber 3 there can be laid down or lit, or can already be (or is) already an integral part of the packaging / filling of the container 9 with the material to be fired 4 deposited there. Preferably, the container 9 (not shown) is provided with a gable closure at the top, that is, the outer container material at the top is formed into a gable so that the closed container 9 in the example shown in the intermediate base 5 encloses the material to be fired 4 as well as the ignition means 10 . This has the advantage that the packaged, filled container takes up the material to be fired in a defined amount and that no contamination or spillage is possible during transport.

The wall of the container is made of combustible material, e.g. B. paper, cardboard or the like or as a kind of sack made of natural fibers (jute, linen, straw, etc.).

This has the advantage that when the material to be fired is burned down, the container material also burns with as little residue as possible.

In FIG. 3, the container 9 known from FIG. 2 is shown again, but with an upper closure (gable) 11 and at the same time a type of carrying handle 12 is attached to the upper part of the container 9, which is also made of a combustible material, preferably also particularly is easily flammable, so that when the handle 12 is lit with a lighter, the handle 12 burns downwards and ignites the lighter 10 located in the container below the handle, thus initiating the desired combustion of the material to be burned. The advantage of the container according to the invention is that, when properly stored, the container and its contents remain dry and thus retain their predetermined properties, in particular burning properties, and the user can initiate the use and thus the burn-up and operation of the burner device according to the invention at any time as desired . The advantage of the burner device according to the invention is also that the filled material to be burned can ultimately be selected in such a way that as little fine dust as possible is produced during combustion.

In a test it could be shown that the fine dust development compared to Burning common split logs in a chimney reduced the formation of fine dust by more than 30% (in the best case also by more than 50%). FIG. 4 shows an example in which the burner device 1 according to the invention is an integral part of a chimney 12, preferably a chimney (or furnace) 12 with a viewing window 13.

When the first chamber 3 is filled with material to be fired and ignited, the window 13 can be closed and a very attractive flame pattern 2 appears, which can be seen as long as the gas combustion phase takes place, i.e. the material to be fired is still in the first chamber 3 is located and the intermediate layer 5 has not yet burned through.

This variant according to FIG. 4 also has the advantage that the insert (opening) into which the item to be fired 4 is introduced can be closed on the top by a grid, a plate or the like. Then the fireplace can be equipped with common logs or common fuel and fired.

A corresponding amount of ash is then currently formed in addition to the use and the user can also throw / push this into the chamber 3. If no intermediate layer 5 is then arranged there, this ash falls into the lower chamber 6 and can be disposed of there very easily and, above all, very cleanly or, if there is no time for cleaning, it can be temporarily stored without contaminating the entire room.

As mentioned, it is also possible for the second chamber 6 to have an air supply. If this air supply is opened, so air can penetrate into this chamber from the outside, the coal located there can also be burned cleanly (coal combustion), especially since the smoke or fuel gases then pass through the second and first chambers and, as usual, can be discharged.

The deployment and use of the burner device according to the invention is not only to form a further heating source, but in the very beautiful and bright flame pattern, the device can also serve as a garden torch in the gas burning phase, but, as mentioned, also as a cooking place, fireplace, fireplace, etc. .

If a pan is placed on top of the first chamber 3, food in the pan, saucepan, etc. can also be prepared with the device according to the invention.

The charcoal that gets into the second chamber can also burn completely there to generate heat. For this purpose, it is then provided that this second chamber has a Oxygen supply is available through which sufficient air and thus oxygen can reach the second chamber for complete combustion (coal combustion) of the coal.

If the charcoal burning phase is not desired or should only be kept briefly, care must be taken that after the charcoal has fallen from the first into the second chamber, this second chamber is sealed as airtight as possible, so that any further burning process through consumption of To prevent oxygen in the second chamber. For this purpose a - not shown - z. B. manually or motor-operated slide can be provided, which prevents the air supply over the top of the first chamber after the coal or fuel has fallen into the second chamber, i.e. a slide that connects the second chamber in front of the first chamber locks.

The container described according to the invention with the items to be fired therein can, as mentioned, be a closed container and thus form a firing insert that can be placed in the first chamber.

The fuel is described as wood chips, pellets or the like. One type of possible fuel is also wood chips, pellets or the like, which not only lie loosely in the container but are pressed together in order to form a molded body from wood chips, pellets or the like.

It is also possible that the intermediate layer, that is to say the intermediate floor made of combustible material, is formed from pressed and thus shaped wood chips, pellets or the like.

The time that a fire needs to destroy the intermediate layer can then be adjusted accordingly through the thickness of the layer. Thus, the thickness of the intermediate layer can also influence the burning time in the gas burning phase more precisely. In Figures 1 and 4 embodiments are shown in which the intermediate layer 5 made of combustible material initially serves to hold the material to be burned in the first chamber 3 and as soon as the intermediate layer is destroyed due to the combustion, the material to be burned falls from the first chamber 3 in the second chamber 6. It is also possible that (FIGS. 5a-d and 6) the intermediate layer 5 is received by an insert 13 which is pushed into the combustion device 1 from the outside through an opening 14 in which the insert comes to rest.

This variant has the advantage that first of all the intermediate layer 5 made of combustible material can be inserted into the insert 13 (FIG. 5a) and after the insert has then been pushed into the firing device 1, the items to be fired can be tilted loosely from above until the first chamber 3 is filled with the material to be fired 4 to a desired level.

FIG. 5a shows a first view of an insert 13 which, in the example shown, has receptacles for two intermediate layers 5 each, which are arranged spaced apart from one another. The two individual intermediate layer parts 5 can be inserted separately and, in the example, consist of boards 2 to 4 mm thick, e.g. B. plywood boards that are perforated, e.g. B. have a predetermined number of bores, each with a predetermined diameter. The bores or their number serve to lead enough air from below into the first chamber in order to set the gas combustion in the first chamber to a desired value.

If the combustion in the first chamber is to proceed more slowly, an intermediate layer with fewer bores or with bores of smaller diameter can be used; for faster combustion, intermediate layers with more bores and / or larger bore diameters are used. The more holes and the larger the holes are in the intermediate layer, the more likely the intermediate layer will also lose stability if it begins to burn directly at the top.

FIG. 5b shows a cross section into the burner device 1, into which the insert 13 can be inserted from the outside. In FIG. 5b it can also be seen that inclines 15 are formed in the first chamber 3, so that the material 4 located there slides along the inclines 15 onto the intermediate layer parts 5.

In FIG. 5 b it can also be seen that after the intermediate layer 5 has been destroyed, the material to be fired 4 then falls into a collecting container 16 which encloses the second chamber 6. This collecting container 16 is z. B. also designed as a second slot 17 and thus the items to be fired in the second chamber can thus be removed from the firing device 1.

This second insert 14 can also be provided with openings 18, e.g. B. a plurality of predetermined number of bores, so that the fuel 4 that has fallen into the collecting container 16 can burn there.

Tests have shown that the device according to the invention can be used to produce charcoal or vegetable charcoal, which meets the highest requirements and is comparable to anthracite charcoal.

As a result, the biochar, which is generated by the gas combustion in the first chamber and transported into the second chamber, is also suitable and can be used for soil cultivation, but can also be used as an additive for feed production as well as Charcoal.

Investigations have shown that the (vegetable) coal produced by the device according to the invention can have a carbon content (such as anthracite coal) of well over 80%, preferably also over 90% and up to 95%.

In Figure 3, a possibility of a container is described, which can preferably be used in the burner according to the invention.

Another possibility is that the container consists of a bottom part 19, a roof part 20 and a side part 21, wherein the side part can also consist of four individual plates, which then together form the side part and can be detached from the bottom part 19.

Figure 7 shows an embodiment for this.

The bottom part 19 forms a substantially rectangular plate with a circumferential, raised side edge 22, so that the bottom part 19 forms a kind of container (bowl) in which the side part 21 can be adjusted before being filled with firing material 4 or if the side part consists of four plates , the four plates are adjustable, which then together form the side part 21. After filling with the material to be fired 4, an ignition means (eg Fidibus, wood wool igniter or the like) can be placed on or in the material to be fired and the package shown in FIG. 7a closed with the roof part (cover) 20 become. In the one shown in FIG. 7b, the assembled container 9 can also be connected or held together by a (poorly) combustible band material / fastening means, so that the entire container 9 can also be transported.

When the container 9 shown in FIG. 7 is placed in the first chamber 3, the fastening means, for example tape, cord, etc., can then be released so that the cover 20 and the side part 21 or the walls / plates of the side part 21 are removable. Then the burning process can be started by igniting the lighter.

The advantage of the variant with the removable side part is that the entire material to be fired 4 is thus enclosed directly by the non-combustible side wall 22 of the first chamber 3. If the material to be fired 4 ignites in the first chamber 3, no side part 21 made of combustible material can burn anymore. If the side part 21 consists of a combustible material, e.g. cardboard, in the worst case it can lead to the side part 21 burning down faster than the firing material 4 in the first chamber 3, which then leads to more than desired firing material 4 from the side is ignited and thus burns the entire material faster than intended. If the side part 21 consists of a combustible material, this can have the consequence that it acts like a kind of "fuse" and the combustion no longer only takes place from above as previously provided, but also from the side and from below, see above that much more fuel burns at the same time than intended. If you were to use side parts made of a material that did not burn, e.g. side parts made of metal, they would not burn, but you would have to remove them separately after the combustion of the material, which is possible, but in certain situations it is awkward, at least when the side parts are still at a very high temperature and you want to start the next combustion.

The fastening means, unlike the one shown in Fig. 7 is held together, should also be flammable (in the case of a non-flammable fastening means this would have to be removed separately later), but the burning properties of the fastening means may also be suboptimal, it is also sufficient if the material only glows due to a flame but does not burn itself. This is easily possible with natural materials such as sisal, flax or the like. This then has the advantage that the fastening means remain in place after the band material has been opened and the cover 20 has been lifted off can and is burned in the course of the burning process of the material in the first chamber, without nevertheless assuming the "fuse function" as already described.

5c shows the burner device 1 with the insert 13 and intermediate layer parts 5 located thereon before the insert is pushed into the burner device. 5d shows a plan view from above of the first chamber 3 and the bevels 15, which open into the area in which the intermediate layer parts 5 come to rest after the insert has been inserted into the firing device, so that firing material filled loosely into the first chamber 3 4 lies on the intermediate layer layer 5.

Reference list

Burning device

Flames first chamber

Firing material

Intermediate layer second chamber

Ventilation opening

Holding device

container

Lighter

diploma

Carrying handle first slot

opening

Slopes

Collecting container, second slot 18 openings in the collecting container

19 bottom part

20 roof part

21 side part 22 side margin

Claims

Expectations

1. Burning device (1) for burning material (4) z. B. wood, wood chips, wood pellets or the like, wherein the combustion device (1) has a first chamber (3) and a second chamber (6), the second chamber (6) being arranged below the first chamber (3) and the first Chamber (3) holds the items to be fired (4), the first chamber (3) having an intermediate layer (5) of combustible material on the underside, which keeps the items to be fired (4) in the first chamber (3) as long as the intermediate layer (5 ) is not damaged or destroyed by combustion and that after the intermediate layer (5) has been damaged or destroyed, the material to be fired (4) in the first chamber falls into the second chamber (6), whereby during the firing process in the first chamber (3) gas combustion is essentially effected and, after the fuel (4) has been transported into the second chamber (6), combustion preferably takes place or the fuel can be removed from the second chamber (6) through an opening for use as charcoal or biochar.

2. Burning device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower

At the end of the first chamber (3) a holding device (8) for holding the intermediate layer (5) is formed.

3. Burning device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first chamber (3) is designed so that a container (9) can be used from above, which the material to be fired (4), for. B. wood chips, pellets or the like.

4. Burning device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the intermediate layer (5) forms the bottom of the container (9) which can be inserted into the first chamber (3).

5. Burning device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that on the top of the container (9) an ignition aid (10), for. B. wood wool, grill lighter, etc., is arranged.

6. Burning device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the container (9) forms a sack, a bag or package or the like, which has the intermediate floor (5) on the underside, and above the item to be fired (4) in the form of z. B. Wood chips or wood pellets and above the ignition aid (10) and is preferably closed on the top.

7. Burning device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the container (9) has a handle (12) on the upper side, which is easily combustible in order to thus light the handle (12) to ignite the ignition aid (10) or the material to be burned (4) set on fire.

8. Burning device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the container (9) consists on the outside of paper, cardboard, paper strips or a braid made of natural fibers.

9. Burning device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate layer (5) consists of one or more layers of cardboard, paper fiber and / or wood.

10. Burning device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the container (9) is assembled so that thereby a certain burning time is defined, for. B. a burn time of more than 30 minutes or 60 minutes or more.

11. combustion device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or second combustion chamber are arranged vertically one above the other and at least in the transition between the first and second combustion chamber have approximately the same cross-section, which is preferably circular or square or rectangular or oval and the means (8) for holding the intermediate layer (5) consist of the projection or an edge or pins or bolts which point from the outside into the space of the first chamber (3).

12. Burning device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate layer (5) made of combustible material is held by an insert, the insert being insertable into an opening of the burning device (1), the opening opening located between the first (3) and the second chamber (6).

13. A method for the production of biochar with a high carbon content, preferably higher than 80%, wherein the fuel (4) is placed in the combustion device (1) according to one of the preceding claims and the fuel (4) which is in the second chamber ( 6) falls, biochar forms, which can also be used for other purposes after cooling down is e.g. B. for soil incorporation or as an additive in feed production or as charcoal or charcoal.

14. Container (9) made of a combustible material, which on the underside receives an intermediate layer (5) made of combustible material which, in the unburned state, has structural stability around the material to be fired above the intermediate layer (5)

(4) to hold, wherein the fuel (4) is essentially wood chips and / or wood pellets with a predefined size and the container with the intermediate layer

(5) and the material to be fired (4) can be inserted into the firing device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

15. Container (9) according to claim 14, characterized in that the container (9) has at least one side wall (22), preferably four side walls, which are detachable from the intermediate layer (5), preferably before the combustion of the fuel (4) can be removed from the combustion device (1).

16. Container (9) according to claim 14, wherein the container has a bottom part (19), a roof part (20) and a side part (21), wherein the bottom part (19) preferably the

The function of the intermediate layer (5) forms and has a raised circumferential side edge (22) and the side part (21) is detachable from the bottom part (19) and the bottom part, the roof part and the side part are held together by a fastening means, preferably made of a combustible strip material and after the container has been inserted into the burner device (1), preferably detached from the bottom part, the side part is removed from the burner device.

17. Container (9) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an ignition means is positioned in the container on top of the fuel (4).