EP4097837A1 - Stromrichteranordnung sowie betriebsverfahren dafür - Google Patents
Stromrichteranordnung sowie betriebsverfahren dafürInfo
- Publication number
- EP4097837A1 EP4097837A1 EP20718175.1A EP20718175A EP4097837A1 EP 4097837 A1 EP4097837 A1 EP 4097837A1 EP 20718175 A EP20718175 A EP 20718175A EP 4097837 A1 EP4097837 A1 EP 4097837A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- branch
- converter
- switching module
- transformer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/1623—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
- H02M7/1626—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/75—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/757—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/7575—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only for high voltage direct transmission link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/04—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/10—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using transformers
- H02M5/12—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/04—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/275—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/293—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/505—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/515—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/521—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a converter arrangement comprising a line-commutated converter having an AC voltage connection which can be connected to an AC voltage network via at least one phase line, the converter arrangement further comprising at least one switching module branch which is arranged in series in the at least one phase line , and which comprises a series connection of switching modules, at the terminals of which bipolar voltages can be generated, which sum up to form a branch voltage.
- Line-commutated converters are known from the prior art. They are characterized in particular by the fact that switching over of the converter valves (also referred to as commutation) is effected by the connected AC voltage network.
- the semiconductor switches used in the line-commutated converter are often either passive elements, such as diodes, or semiconductor switches that can be switched on but not actively switched off, such as thyristors, for example.
- the main advantage of line-commutated converters is their robustness, reliability, relative simplicity in handling and control, and the ability to design line-commutated converters for particularly high voltages.
- Line-commutated converters are used in some applications in connection with a weak or unstable network.
- an alternating voltage (or voltage time area) provided by the alternating voltage network is lower than that required for commutating the converter.
- Such transient processes can be, for example, the switching of an AC voltage filter or a change in the electrical power drawn from the AC voltage network (so-called voltage dip). be.
- This can lead to commutation errors and other malfunctions during operation or even to an interruption in operation.
- Another challenge in connection with line-commutated converters is their high reactive power requirement. Fundamental reactive power compensation of approximately half the active power is generally required. This disadvantageously increases the total system area.
- the object of the invention is to propose a current converter arrangement of the type that is as effective and reliable as possible.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in a converter arrangement mentioned at the outset in that the converter arrangement further comprises a controllable transformer which is arranged between the at least one switching module branch and the converter.
- a controllable transformer is a transformer whose transformation ratio is targeted, suitably by means of a control device, can be changed. In particular, this also makes it possible to regulate the transmission ratio.
- the mode of operation of the converter arrangement according to the invention can be described as follows. In stationary operation, the arrangement can be used to set a voltage that changes over time in series. In this case, the switching modules in the switching module branch cannot absorb or output any active power on average over time (apart from compensating for the power loss).
- the frequency of the voltage provided on the switching module branch appropriately corresponds to a basic frequency of the connected AC voltage network.
- the amplitude and / or the phase position of this voltage set in relation to the corresponding current can be viewed as a controllable inductance or capacitance.
- the values of such an inductance or capacitance can be regulated as a function of an operating point of the converter arrangement and / or an operating concept of one or more fundamental and harmonic reactive power filters (AC filters).
- the mode of operation of the switching module branch can be described as an advantageous time shift of the so-called natural point of intersection of the conductor-conductor voltages on the AC voltage side of the converter, namely by a definable angle.
- a voltage amplitude change can advantageously be compensated, which results from the additional serial voltage set on the switching module branch.
- an additional voltage load on the converter or its valves for example thyristor valves
- a converter operating point DC voltage, DC CURRENT, ignition angle, overlap angle
- existing line-commutated converters can also be expanded to include the switching module branch ("upgrade") in this case results in a stabilizing effect on the converter (and thus also an increase in its reliability).
- the additional voltage placed in series can be used to improve stability of the line-commutated converter in order to reduce the occurrence of commutation errors It should be emphasized that this enables stable operation in networks whose short-circuit power would otherwise not allow this. In the case of many possible error scenarios, it seems worth striving for the arrangement to behave dynamically in the high power range like a capacitor installed in series. This means that an effective voltage value of the serial voltage is regulated proportionally to an effective current value.
- the converter arrangement according to the invention enables a total system reactive power to be controlled towards the AC voltage network (for example with the aim of a minimal overall system reactive line).
- an optimization with regard to the following parameters can be achieved: minimizing the number of switching operations of AC filters and shunt capacitors, if any are used, in the entire power range, minimizing the overall system losses, with the converter arrangement according to the invention for a lower demand additional Reactive power compensation through AC filters.
- Another advantage of the converter arrangement according to the invention is a reduced load shedding factor (lower temporary overvoltage TOV).
- a low load shedding factor is one of the prerequisites for operation on a very weak network, in which an alternating voltage-side overvoltage occurs which otherwise exceeds the specified permissible limits after errors that lead to the system being blocked.
- a reduced load shedding factor also makes it easier to resume operation ("recovery").
- the converter arrangement is expediently designed in a multi-phase manner (for example three-phase).
- the converter arrangement in particular the converter, is set up to convert a polyphase (for example three-phase) alternating voltage into a direct voltage or vice versa.
- switching module branches are accordingly provided.
- the switching modules of the switching module branches can, but need not necessarily, be constructed in the same way.
- the switching modules are suitably connected to one or more regulating devices which are designed to regulate or control the switching modules.
- the switching modules are suitably full-bridge switching modules. From the prior art, however, other suitable bipolar switching modules are also known, depending on the application, in particular those whose terminals have more than a positive and / or more than one negative voltage can be generated.
- two 6-pulse converters connected in series on the DC side are preferably operated in a total of 12-pulse configuration.
- the properties described below for a 6-pulse converter can always be applied analogously to a 12-pulse converter.
- the line-commutated converter is a thyristor-based converter.
- the thyristor-based converter can (for example in a 6-pulse configuration) have a three-phase bridge circuit with six phase branches. Each phase branch extends between one of the DC voltage poles of the converter and one of the AC voltage connections. A series connection of thyristors is arranged in each phase branch. The number of thyristors in a phase branch is determined by the desired design of the converter. In particular, the converter arrangement can be designed for a voltage of more than 100 kV, preferably more than 500 kV, regardless of the choice of the power semiconductor switches of the converter.
- the converter arrangement suitably comprises a regulating device which is set up to regulate a connection voltage (Uprim) at a connection point between the at least one switching module branch and the transformer.
- the regulating device can in particular be set up to regulate the switching module branches or to initiate the activation of the semiconductor switches used there.
- the regulating device is set up to use the branch voltage to generate a voltage on the primary side of the transformer which leads or lags the line voltage compared to the line voltage.
- the regulating device can in particular be set up both to regulate the converter or to initiate the control of the semiconductor switches and to regulate the switching module branches or to initiate the control of the semiconductor switches used there.
- the controllable transformer is preferably set up to transform the connection voltage (primary-side voltage) into an output voltage (secondary-side voltage) of an adapted (e.g. reduced) amplitude.
- the controllable transformer together with the switching branches represents a controllable, damping element between the network and the converter, which can be used, for example, in the event of voltage drops, voltage distortions or asymmetries to compensate for the transients in the direction of the converter that are excited in the network.
- a particularly reliable way of realizing the controllable transformer results when the transformer includes a tap changer.
- the step switch is set up to set the transformation ratio on the transformer.
- a winding of the transformer on its high and / or low voltage soap (or primary and / or secondary side) preferably comprises a main winding and a regulating or step winding with several taps that are led to the tap changer.
- the tap changer is preferably an on-load tap changer.
- the invention also relates to an operating method for a converter arrangement according to the invention.
- the object of the invention is to propose such an operating method that is as effective and reliable as possible.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in that a branch voltage that changes over time is applied to the at least one switching module branch is produced.
- the branch voltage that changes over time ie the voltage set on the switching module branch, can, for example, have a voltage frequency that corresponds to a fundamental frequency of the AC voltage network.
- the branch voltage has a fundamental frequency voltage component (possibly as the only voltage component if the branch voltage is purely fundamental frequency).
- the branch voltage, which changes over time can be a fundamental-frequency cosine voltage, with the phase position of the positive sequence system of the branch voltage relative to the operating current of the system taking an angle of + Pi / 2 (capacitive) or - Pi / 2 (inductive) and selected for the respective application can be.
- the branch voltage can also include harmonic components which are expediently superimposed with the fundamental frequency component.
- the line voltage and branch voltage are superimposed to form a total voltage which, in capacitive / inductive operation, lags / leads the branch voltage of the line voltage.
- the amplitude of the total voltage applied is increased by the additional branch voltage.
- controllable transformer is used to reduce an amplitude of a connection voltage at a connection point between the switching module branch and the transformer, so that there is no increased voltage amplitude at the AC terminals of the line-commutated converter compared to the line voltage.
- the central element of the invention is to use the lag of the voltage applied to the converter terminals in capacitive operation of the branch voltage in such a way as to achieve an increased period of time for successful commutation of the valves compared to the mains voltage.
- connection voltage (Uprim) is regulated by adapting an amplitude of a positive sequence system of the branch voltage (Ue), a connection Voltage at the connection point between the switching module branch and the transformer (in contrast to the coupling point between the switching module branch and the network, which can also be referred to as PCC, point of common coupling) is regulated by adjusting (only) an amplitude of a positive sequence system of the branch voltage will.
- PCC point of common coupling
- a branch energy of the switching module branch can be regulated by adapting (only) one phase of the positive sequence system of the branch voltage.
- the regulation of the branch energy means in particular that adaptation takes place in such a way that the branch energy corresponds as closely as possible to a predetermined setpoint value.
- the branch energy is that energy that is stored in the switching module branch at a given point in time. It essentially corresponds to the energy stored in the switching modules of the switching module branch. If several switching module branches are used, which are collectively referred to as a converter, the branch energy replaces the total converter energy.
- energy storage voltages of the switching modules prefferably be balanced by adapting an amplitude and a phase of a negative system of the branch voltage.
- the switching modules each suitably have an energy store, so that a voltage that can be generated at the connections of the switching module is essentially based on its magnitude corresponds to the energy storage voltage.
- the task of balancing the energy storage voltages is to keep the energy storage voltages of all switching modules used at the same level as one another. Different energy storage voltages or differences between the energy storage voltages of the switching modules of the switching module branch lead over time to different levels of stress on the switching modules, which can cause a reduction in the operability of the entire arrangement.
- the line-commutated converter is suitably designed to be three-phase.
- a second switching module branch is arranged in series between a second AC voltage connection of the converter and a connection point to a second phase line of the AC voltage network.
- a third switching module branch is arranged in series between a third AC voltage connection of the converter and the connection point to a third phase line of the AC voltage network.
- the switching module branches can, but need not necessarily, be constructed in the same way.
- Each switching module branch expediently comprises its own series connection of the switching modules.
- the energy regulation has the particular aim of keeping the energy the same for all switching module branches, so that no different loads arise on the switching module branches.
- the balancing is carried out individually for each switching module branch so that the switching modules assigned to the respective switching module branch (at least on average over time) have the same energy storage voltages as possible.
- a voltage setpoint is generated for the branch voltage, which is composed of a positive sequence target value and a negative sequence target value, the positive sequence target value being generated taking into account a total energy target value and a connection voltage target value, and the negative sequence target value taking into account Switching module branch energies, in particular depending on their difference (s) is generated.
- a suitable reference system This can be done, for example, by means of a Clark transformation.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a converter arrangement according to the invention in a schematic representation
- Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a Wegmodulzwei tot for a converter arrangement according to the invention in a schematic representation
- Figure 3 shows a full bridge switching module in a schematic representation
- FIG. 4 shows a first vector diagram for branch current and branch voltage of a switching module branch in a schematic representation
- FIG. 5 shows a second vector diagram for branch current and branch voltage of a switching module branch in a schematic representation
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention in a schematic representation.
- FIG. 1 shows a converter arrangement 1 which is connected to a three-phase AC voltage network 5 at a network connection point 4.
- the converter arrangement 1 comprises a line-commutated converter 2.
- the converter 2 has a DC voltage side which is connected to a DC voltage network or DC voltage line 3.
- On the AC voltage side of the converter 2 is a control Erbaren, a tap changer comprehensive transformer 26 is arranged.
- the converter 2 comprises six converter arms or converter valves 6-11, which each extend between one of the DC voltage poles 12 or 13 of the converter 2 and one of the three AC voltage connections 14-16. In each of the converter arms 6-11 a series circuit of thyristors 17 is arranged.
- the converter 2 is connected to the AC voltage network 5 by means of the AC voltage connections 14-16 via three phase lines 21-23.
- the converter arrangement 1 further comprises a first switching module branch 18, a second switching module branch 19 and a third switching module branch 20.
- the first switching module branch 18 is in a first phase line 21, the second switching module branch 19 in a second phase line 22 and the third switching module branch 20 in a third phase line 23 inserted serially.
- the three phase lines 21-23 extend between a connection point 25 to the transformer 26 and the network connection point 4.
- the structure of the switching module branches 18-20 is discussed in greater detail in the following FIG.
- a voltage drop across the switching branches 18-20 is referred to as Uc.
- the converter-side line-to-earth voltage is referred to as Ul, the line-to-earth voltage on the line side as Unet.
- the switching module branches 18-20 are used to compensate for a network impedance Xnetz and / or a converter-side impedance Xc and to stabilize a connection voltage Uprim at connection point 25 in order to ensure stable and reliable operation of the converter arrangement 1 and, in particular, of the converter 2 Afford.
- the converter arrangement 1 has a central control device 24, which is set up both to regulate the converter 2 or to trigger the control of the semiconductor switches as well as the switching module to regulate branches or to initiate the control of the semiconductor switches used there.
- the connection voltage Uprim is transformed into an output voltage U se c in such a way that its amplitude is reduced.
- FIG. 2 shows a switching module branch 30 which is suitable for use as one of the switching module branches 18-20 of the converter arrangement 1 of FIG.
- the switching module branch 30 has a first connection 31 and a second connection 32 for switching into a phase line of an alternating voltage network.
- a series connection of switching modules 331-33n is arranged between the two connections 31, 32, the number of which can in principle be arbitrary and adapted to the respective application, which is indicated in FIG. 2 by means of a dotted line 34.
- the structure of the switching modules 331-33n is discussed in more detail in the following FIG. It goes without saying that not all switching modules 331-33n have to be constructed in the same way.
- a control unit 35 is provided to carry out or initiate the control of the switching modules 331-33n.
- the control unit 35 is provided with communication means which, for example, enable communication with a superordinate central control or regulating unit of a converter arrangement.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a switching module 40 for the switching branch 30 of FIG. 2, the switching module 40 being a full-bridge switching module.
- the switching module 40 comprises a first turn-off semiconductor switch Hl, to which a first freewheeling diode Dl is connected in antiparallel, a second turn-off semiconductor switch H2, to which a second freewheeling diode D2 is connected in antiparallel, the first and the second semiconductor switch Hl, H2 in a first semiconductor series circuit are connected to each other and have the same passage direction.
- the switching module 40 also includes a third semiconductor switch that can be turned off H3, to which a third freewheeling diode D3 is connected in antiparallel, and a fourth turn-off semiconductor switch H4, to which a fourth freewheeling diode D4 is connected in antiparallel, the third and fourth semiconductor switches H3, H4 being connected to one another in a second semiconductor series circuit and having the same conducting direction.
- the two semiconductor series circuits are arranged in parallel to one another and to form an energy store C, to which an energy store voltage Uk is applied.
- the first switching module further comprises a first connection terminal XI, which is arranged between the semiconductor switches Hl, H2 of the first semiconductor series circuit, and a second connection terminal X2, which is arranged between the semiconductor switches H3, H4 of the second semiconductor series circuit.
- the semiconductor switches HI-4 can be controlled independently of one another by means of a suitable control unit, ie they can be switched on and / or switched off.
- a voltage can be generated at the connections XI, 2 (switching module voltage) which corresponds to the voltage Uk, a voltage -Uk or a zero voltage present at the energy store C.
- a vector diagram 50 is shown in FIG.
- the pointer diagram 50 is a voltage-current diagram for the case of a rectifier operation of a converter arrangement which, for example, corresponds to the converter arrangement 1 of FIG.
- Diagram 50 shows a primary-side voltage Uprim on a primary side of a controllable transformer, for example the transformer 26 of FIG. 1, and a secondary-side voltage Usec on a secondary side of the transformer.
- the primary-side voltage Uprim corresponds to the connection voltage at the connection point between the switching module branches and the transformer. It can be seen that a branch voltage UFB applied to the switching module branches is phase-shifted by pi / 2 with respect to a primary-side current iprim on the primary side of the transformer.
- the primary-side current iprim is an angle phinet with respect to a mains voltage Un- et shifted a Wech selpressivesnetzes connected to the converter arrangement.
- the primary-side voltage Uprim is composed of the network voltage Unet and the branch voltage UFB.
- the secondary-side voltage Usec is in phase with the primary-side voltage Uprim, but with a reduced amplitude (by means of the transformer).
- the vector diagram 50 also shows that the reference system of the branch current iprim is selected for the regulation of the branch voltage UFB.
- the branch current iprim through the switching module branch or branches corresponds to a mains current inet. In the case shown in FIG. 4, the mains voltage Unet precedes the primary-side voltage Uprim by an angle deltaphi.
- a phasor diagram 60 is shown in FIG.
- the vector diagram 60 is a voltage-current diagram for the case of inverter operation of a converter arrangement which corresponds, for example, to the converter arrangement 1 of FIG.
- Diagram 60 shows a primary-side voltage Uprim on a primary side of a controllable transformer, for example the transformer 26 of FIG. 1, as well as a secondary-side voltage Usec on a secondary side of the transformer.
- the primary-side voltage Uprim corresponds to the connection voltage at the connection point between the switching module branches and the transformer. It can be seen that a branch voltage UFB applied to the switching module branches is phase-shifted by pi / 2 with respect to a primary-side current iprim on the primary side of the transformer.
- the primary-side current iprim is shifted by an angle phinet with respect to a mains voltage Un et of an alternating voltage network connected to the converter arrangement.
- the primary-side voltage Uprim is composed of the network voltage Unet and the branch voltage UFB.
- the secondary-side voltage Usec is in phase with the primary-side voltage Uprim, but with a reduced amplitude (by means of the transformer).
- the vector diagram 50 also shows that the reference system for regulating the branch voltage UFB of the branch stream iprim is chosen.
- the branch current iprim through the switching module branch or branches corresponds to a mains current inet. In the case shown in FIG. 5, the mains voltage Unet follows the primary-side voltage Uprim by an angle deltaphi.
- a schematic flow diagram 70 of an example of the control sequence is shown in FIG.
- the regulation is based on the case of a three-phase version of the converter arrangement, a first switching module branch being arranged in a first phase line, a second switching module branch being arranged in a second phase line and a third switching module branch being arranged in a third phase line, similar to the arrangement shown in FIG.
- the three switching module branches are jointly referred to as converters.
- a setpoint value Wref for the total converter energy is compared with a measured value W of the total converter energy, forming an energy difference DeltaW.
- the energy difference DeltaW is fed to a first controller 71.
- a first d-component Udl of the voltage is provided in the reference system of the two-stream ic.
- a target value Uref of the connection voltage at a connection point between the converter and the switching module branches is compared with a measured value U of the connection voltage, forming a voltage difference DeltaU.
- the energy difference DeltaU is fed to a second controller 72.
- a first q-component Uql of the voltage in the reference system of the two-current ic is provided at the output of the second regulator 72.
- a first, second and third branch energy value W1, W2, W3 are fed to a transformation block 74 and converted into corresponding alpha and beta components Walpha and Wbeta by means of a Clark transformation. These are fed to a third or fourth regulator 75 or 76, at the output of which a second d component Ud2 and a second q component Uq2 of the voltage in the reference system of the two-current ic are provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/058170 WO2021190730A1 (de) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Stromrichteranordnung sowie betriebsverfahren dafür |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4097837A1 true EP4097837A1 (de) | 2022-12-07 |
Family
ID=70277329
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20718175.1A Withdrawn EP4097837A1 (de) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Stromrichteranordnung sowie betriebsverfahren dafür |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4097837A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021190730A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9819188B1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-11-14 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Direct current transmission system and method |
| WO2020043304A1 (de) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum betreiben eines stromrichters |
-
2020
- 2020-03-24 EP EP20718175.1A patent/EP4097837A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-03-24 WO PCT/EP2020/058170 patent/WO2021190730A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| K. ROGGENKAMP ET AL: "Step Size Selection for Tap Changers in Converter Transformers for Line Commutated HVDC Systems", RENEWABLE ENERGY AND POWER QUALITY JOURNAL, vol. 13, no. 2, 13 April 2015 (2015-04-13), pages 223 - 226, XP093265663, ISSN: 2172-038X, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://icrepq.com/icrepq'15/286-15-roggenkamp.pdf> DOI: 10.24084/repqj13.286 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021190730A1 (de) | 2021-09-30 |
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