EP4097536A1 - Vorrichtung, lasersystem und verfahren zur kombination von kohärenten laserstrahlen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung, lasersystem und verfahren zur kombination von kohärenten laserstrahlenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4097536A1 EP4097536A1 EP21701524.7A EP21701524A EP4097536A1 EP 4097536 A1 EP4097536 A1 EP 4097536A1 EP 21701524 A EP21701524 A EP 21701524A EP 4097536 A1 EP4097536 A1 EP 4097536A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser beams
- coherent
- coherent laser
- grid
- laser beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/106—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining a plurality of identical beams or images, e.g. image replication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1086—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1086—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction only
- G02B27/1093—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction only for use with monochromatic radiation only, e.g. devices for splitting a single laser source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/12—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by refraction only
- G02B27/123—The splitting element being a lens or a system of lenses, including arrays and surfaces with refractive power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0071—Beam steering, e.g. whereby a mirror outside the cavity is present to change the beam direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10053—Phase control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1307—Stabilisation of the phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2383—Parallel arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10023—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors
- H01S3/1003—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors tunable optical elements, e.g. acousto-optic filters, tunable gratings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for combining a plurality of coherent laser beams, comprising: a splitting device for splitting an input laser beam into the plurality of coherent laser beams, a plurality of phase setting devices for setting a respective phase of one of the coherent laser beams, and a beam combining device for Combination of the coherent laser beams emanating from a plurality of grid positions of a grid arrangement to form at least one combined laser beam.
- the invention also relates to a method for combining a plurality of coherent laser beams, in particular by means of such a device.
- coherent laser beams is understood to mean a temporal coherence of the laser beams with one another.
- the laser beams can have a reduced degree of spatial coherence, ie the laser beams can be spatially partially coherent, ie they are not necessarily single-mode laser beams.
- the laser beams can be generated by multimode sources and, for example, a higher-mode Gaussian mode, for example a Laguerre-Gauss mode, a Hermite-Gauss mode or superpositions thereof.
- the laser beams are preferably both temporally and spatially coherent.
- a coherent beam combination a plurality of laser beams which emanate from a plurality of grid positions of a grid arrangement are superimposed to form a combined laser beam which has a correspondingly higher power.
- Such a beam combination can - with almost no loss of beam quality - take place diffractively, reflective, for example via a segment mirror, interferometrically or via polarization coupling.
- US 20130107343 A1 describes a laser system which has a laser source in the form of a seed laser and an optical amplifier system that generates an amplified laser output.
- the laser system can have a phase control circuit with a phase modulation functionality for a plurality of optical amplifiers, which comprises a sensor for measuring the total output intensity of the optical amplifiers.
- the phase control circuit can change a phase or a relative phase relationship between each of the number of optical amplifiers to maximize the total output intensity of the optical amplifiers.
- the laser system may have a coherent far-field combiner for combining the output of the optical amplifiers, which includes a pair of microlens arrays.
- a (micro) lens arrangement with a pair of micro lens arrays as a beam combination device for the coherent combination of a plurality of coherent laser beams to form a combined laser beam.
- DE 102018211 971 A1 and WO 2020/016336 A1 also describe a beam combination device for forming at least one combined laser beam which has a microlens arrangement with at least two microlens arrays.
- the beam combination with the at least two microlens arrays is based on the principle of an imaging (two-stage) homogenizer.
- a wide variety of laser application processes e.g. additive manufacturing, marking, as well as welding (both micro and macro) or laser switching processes in laser networks require a fast deflection of a focus position of a laser beam (scanning) and / or the splitting of a laser beam for alignment to several focus positions (beam parts) .
- high average laser powers in the range of kW
- high pulse energies in the range of mJ
- the invention is based on the object of providing a device, a laser system and an associated method for combining coherent laser beams, which make it possible, even at high laser powers, to maintain the beam quality almost completely in the combination and which also make it possible to quickly deflect a combined laser beam and / or a beam division of a combined laser beam with a predetermined division of the input power.
- this object is achieved by a device of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the beam combination device has a microlens arrangement with precisely one microlens array.
- the inventors have recognized that when the coherent laser beams are combined in an imaging homogenizer, the (at least) two microlens arrays has, (at least) one microlens array is in focus or in the focal plane of another microlens array. This can lead to burn-in in the microlens array, which leads to a loss of power and makes material processing more difficult at high average laser powers and medium pulse energies. In the worst case, the microlens array that is in the focal plane of the other microlens array can be destroyed.
- the intensity of the coherent laser beams can be selected appropriately (e.g. homogeneously) at the grid positions. If the number of coherent laser beams is also increased, e.g. to a number of more than ten, a combination efficiency of more than 90% can even be achieved.
- a microlens arrangement with exactly one microlens array is understood to mean that only the microlenses of a single microlens array effect the beam combination in a respective direction in which the beam combination takes place (e.g. in the X direction or in the Y direction) .
- a beam combination takes place in two directions (for example in the X direction and in the Y direction)
- exactly one microlens array can be two within the meaning of this definition have crossed cylinder lens arrays, the microlenses of a respective cylinder lens array only acting in one direction (X-direction or Y-direction).
- the two cylindrical lens arrays are typically arranged directly adjacent, that is to say they lie (approximately) in a common plane.
- a single microlens array can be used, which has, for example, square or rectangular microlenses.
- the splitting device for splitting the input laser beam can be, for example, a conventional 1-to-N coupling device, for example in the form of a single or multiple microlens array, around a fiber splitter, several beam splitter cubes connected in series, polarization beam splitters act as a diffraction grating for beam splitting, etc.
- the input laser beam can be a seed laser beam generated by a laser source, or the input laser beam can be generated, for example, by splitting and coherent combination of a seed laser beam from a laser source.
- laser sources for example in the form of fiber oscillators, laser diodes, etc.
- a laser system which contains the at least one laser source has a control device for controlling the laser diodes or the laser sources in order to generate the coherent laser beams.
- the laser source (s) can be designed to generate ultrashort pulse laser beams be, ie from coherent laser beams with a pulse duration of less than, for example, 10-12 s.
- the grid positions of the grid arrangement can be formed along a straight line or a curve (one-dimensional grid arrangement) or along a plane or a curved surface (two-dimensional grid arrangement).
- the coherent laser beams are separated or spaced apart from one another to such an extent that the desired fill factor is achieved.
- the grid positions of the grid arrangement can be formed on the end faces of fibers (emission surfaces) or of other emitters at which a respective coherent laser beam is emitted.
- the fibers more precisely their front sides, are arranged in a grid arrangement and the grid positions correspond to the emission surfaces on the front sides of the fibers.
- the grid positions or the grid arrangement can, however, also correspond to the near field or the far field of the emission areas, ie the grid positions can be arranged along a curve or an area in space on which the emission areas are imaged or focused, so that the local distribution of the grid positions corresponds to the - possibly scaled - local distribution of the emission areas.
- the grid arrangement thus forms a curve or a surface in space, along which there is a desired distance between the grid positions or between the coherent laser beams.
- the desired distance is, for example, in the focal plane of the Fourier lens.
- the coherent laser beams emanate from a plurality of grid positions which are arranged along a first direction, the coherent laser beams and the microlens array meeting the following condition:
- N p x 2 / ( ⁇ L f ML ), (1) where N denotes a number of the grid positions arranged along the first direction X, p x denotes a grid spacing of the microlenses of the microlens array in the first direction, ⁇ L denotes the laser wavelength and f ML denotes the focal length of the microlens array.
- the coherent laser beams and the microlens arrangement typically also meet the following condition:
- M p Y 2 / ( ⁇ L f ML ), (2) where M denotes a number of the grid positions arranged along the second direction and p Y denotes a grid spacing of the microlenses of a respective microlens array in the second direction.
- the inventors have recognized that when combined to form the combined laser beam, even with a single-stage homogenizer, the beam quality of a single coherent laser beam is almost completely retained if equation (1) or (2) above is met.
- equation (1) cannot be adhered to exactly in practice. In the event that equation (1) is deviated from, the beam quality of the superimposed laser beam deteriorates.
- the above equation (1) is considered to be fulfilled if the right-hand side of equation (1) by not more than 20%, preferably by not more than 10%, in particular by not more than 5% of the (integer) Value N deviates on the left side of equation (1), ie if:
- ⁇ 0.2 preferably ⁇ 0.1, in particular ⁇ 0.05.
- Equation (2) ie
- the grid positions from which the coherent laser beams emanate can be aligned with one another at the respective angular difference ⁇ x and, for example, be arranged equidistantly on an arc of a circle.
- the coherent laser beams can be focussed, for example, with the aid of individual lenses or a further microlens array, which are arranged in the respective beam path of one of the coherent laser beams, but the provision of such lenses can also be dispensed with.
- the above condition is considered fulfilled if:
- the device has coupling optics for coupling the coherent laser beams into the microlens arrangement, the coupling optics having at least one focusing device, in particular at least one focusing lens, for focusing the plurality of coherent laser beams onto the microlens arrangement.
- coupling optics are used which are arranged between the grid positions from which the coherent laser beams emanate and the microlens array.
- the coupling optics can have telescopic optics, for example in the form of at least two lenses.
- the coupling optics are not absolutely necessary, but can be advantageous, for example, when setting up the laser system or the device.
- the coupling optics can be used to meet the above-mentioned condition of the angular difference ⁇ x or ⁇ y , without the beam exit directions of the coherent laser beams at the grid positions having to be aligned at an angle to one another for this purpose.
- the use of a focusing lens which is arranged essentially at a distance of its focal length from the microlens arrangement (Fourier lens) has proven to be advantageous for this purpose.
- the coherent laser beams can strike the focusing lens, aligned essentially parallel to one another, and are focused on the microlens arrangement, more precisely on the microlens array.
- the focus or the beam diameter of the coherent laser beams striking the one microlens array is significantly larger than the partial foci that would strike the first microlens array if two microlens arrays were used.
- the beam diameter of the combined laser beam that is formed on the one microlens array can be adjusted via the fill factor of the coherent laser beams at the grid positions and via the grid spacing of the microlenses of the microlens array.
- the grid positions can be arranged on a line, i.e. the beam exit directions or the Poynting vectors of the coherent laser beams are aligned parallel to one another.
- the use or the design of the coupling optics and the arrangement of the grid positions depend on the framework conditions, for example on the laser source used. In the event that the grid positions form the end faces of fibers running in parallel, the use of coupling optics is recommended, for example.
- ⁇ y ⁇ L f FLin / p y
- p y the grid distance of the microlens array in the second direction Y designated.
- the grid positions are typically arranged along a common direction or line (for example in the X direction) and possibly also along a common line in the Y direction that is perpendicular to the common direction of beam propagation Laser beams passes.
- the distance ⁇ x between the laser beams or the raster positions is typically determined by the above condition. The above condition is considered fulfilled if:
- the grid positions are arranged in the focal plane of the microlens array in the beam path of the coherent laser beams in front of the microlens array.
- the inventors have recognized that the microlens array acts as a diffraction grating and that in near-field diffraction the brightness distribution of the microlens array is repeated at certain Talbot intervals at which the brightness distribution corresponds exactly to the structure of the diffraction grating itself. This is the case with the microlens array in the object-side focal plane. Therefore, the distance between the grid positions in the focal plane should correspond to the grid spacing of the microlenses of the microlens array.
- the condition given above regarding the angle ⁇ x , ⁇ y between adjacent coherent laser beams should be observed.
- the resulting angles ⁇ x , ⁇ y in the present embodiment are negligibly small, since the focal length is comparatively small.
- the angle ⁇ x , ⁇ y therefore decreases with increasing grid spacing and remains negligible even with a large grid spacing or with larger focal lengths.
- the coherent laser beams can typically be radiated onto the microlens array in a parallel alignment without the use of coupling optics.
- the typical order of magnitude of the focal length f ML of the microlens array is less than approx. 70-80 mm and, at the wavelengths typically used, is smaller than the Rayleigh length of the coherent laser beams.
- the coherent laser beams at the raster positions have a beam diameter 2 ⁇ fMLx in the first direction, which is given by: 2 ⁇ fMLx - ⁇ L f ML / p x , where ⁇ L denotes the laser wavelength.
- ⁇ L denotes the laser wavelength.
- the majority of coherent laser beams at the raster positions in the focal plane should reproduce as precisely as possible the diffraction pattern that results when the beam direction is reversed, i.e. in the event that the microlens array is traversed in the opposite direction. This can be achieved, among other things, by the fact that the coherent laser beams meet the above-mentioned condition for the beam diameter 2 ⁇ fMLx.
- the beam diameter 2 ⁇ fMLx denotes the distance between two points of the intensity or power distribution (usually: Gaussian distribution) in the first direction at which the maximum intensity or the peak power has dropped to 50%, ie the Beam diameter 2 ⁇ fMLx denotes the half width.
- the beam diameter at the respective grid position is determined essentially by the diameter of the optical fiber, more precisely the diameter of the beam exit surface on the end face of the optical fiber.
- the beam-shaping device can, for example, have a plurality of (spherical) collimation or focusing lenses, in the focal plane of which the raster arrangement is formed.
- the intensity of the coherent laser beams at the respective grid position has a comparatively small influence on the Has combination efficiency.
- the maximum intensities of the coherent laser beams can be the same, as is also the case in the embodiment described above.
- the coherent laser beams preferably have a respective maximum intensity at the grid positions, the envelope of which corresponds to an intensity distribution of the combined laser beam on the microlens array.
- the intensity distribution of the combined laser beam on the microlens array is typically a Gaussian distribution, which forms the envelope of the maximum intensities.
- the coherent laser beams have a fill factor FF X in the first direction, for which the following applies: FF X ⁇ 0.4, preferably FF X ⁇ 0.3. Accordingly, it is favorable if the following applies to the fill factor FF y in the second direction Y: FF y ⁇ 0.4, preferably FF y ⁇ 0.3.
- the distance ⁇ x or ⁇ y between the grid positions in the X direction or in the Y direction denotes the distance between the centers of the beam profiles of adjacent coherent laser beams. It has been shown that the fill factor FF X or FF y should not be selected too large in the present embodiment, since the fill factor FF X , FF y influences the beam diameter 2 ⁇ MLA x or 2 ⁇ MLA y of the combined laser beam, as explained below.
- the 1 / e 2 width i.e. the distance between two points at which the peak power has dropped to 1 / e 2 times, ie about 13.5% of the peak power.
- the diameter 2 ⁇ MLAx of the combined laser beam 12 and thus the illumination of the microlens array 17 decreases with an increasing fill factor FF X in the first direction X.
- the fill factor FF X , FF y should be smaller, the greater the number of coherent laser beams in the respective direction.
- the device comprises a control device which is designed or programmed to set a respective phase of one of the coherent laser beams as a function of an arrangement of the respective raster position within the raster arrangement in order to convert the coherent laser beams to at least one in at least one diffraction order to combine the diffracted laser beam.
- the diffraction order can be the zeroth diffraction order or a diffraction order different from the zeroth diffraction order.
- the phases can be selected in such a way that a combination in the zeroth order of diffraction is optimized with regard to the beam quality.
- the phases or the phase differences of the coherent laser beams can also be selected such that the combined laser beam is diffracted into at least one higher order of diffraction in order to undertake a controlled beam deflection or a controlled beam division. In the event that an even number of coherent laser beams are combined, there is no zero order of diffraction, i.e. in this case the combined laser beam is always diffracted in at least one (half-integer) order of diffraction.
- the phase of a respective coherent laser beam can be set individually depending on the arrangement of the grid position of the grid arrangement assigned to the respective coherent laser beam with the aid of the control device so that the coherent laser beams no longer form a single or single laser beam, but in two or more well-defined bundles or in two or more combined laser beams, which are bent with a defined power distribution or power distribution in different diffraction orders (beam splitting) or in a single laser beam that is divided into one of the zeroth Diffraction order different diffraction order is diffracted (beam deflection).
- the proposed approach is based on the concept of the Optical Phase Array (OPA), in which a set of absolute phases of the one- or two-dimensional grid arrangement of the coherent laser beams is selected in such a way that there is constructive interference at well-defined diffraction orders.
- OPA Optical Phase Array
- the phases of the coherent laser beams to be combined can be selected in such a way that individual combined laser beams, groups of combined laser beams or an entire array of combined laser beams corresponding to a set of diffraction orders emerge in a targeted manner. or can be switched on.
- a suitable set of (absolute) phases can be selected, for example with the help of an iterative optimization algorithm, in order to switch the diffraction on or off in specific diffraction orders.
- the iterative optimization algorithm can be a stochastic or randomized algorithm to which, for example, a homogeneous power distribution or intensity distribution is specified as starting values.
- phase setting devices serve to set the respective phase of the coherent laser beams and can be arranged at any desired location in front of the microlens arrangement at which the coherent laser beams are separated from one another and no longer overlap.
- phase adjustment devices are necessary because, for example, thermal effects, vibrations or air turbulence lead to optical path length differences in the individual channels.
- the phase adjustment devices can be modulators in the form of EOMs (electro-optical modulators, e.g.
- the coherent laser beams are guided in the beam path in front of the grid arrangement in a fiber, a tensile stress can be applied to the fiber for the phase setting, for example by means of piezo actuators, the temperature of the fiber can be influenced, etc.
- the control device can be implemented as hardware and / or software, e.g. in the form of a micro-controller, an FPGA, an ASIC, etc. Signals to act. Since the addition of a phase factor which is identical for all coherent laser beams does not change the result of the coherent beam combination, a number of N-1 phase adjusting devices is sufficient for a number of N coherent laser beams to be combined in one direction.
- the coherent laser beams generated in the laser source (s) can be guided to the grid arrangement with the aid of a plurality of beam guiding devices, for example in the form of fibers.
- the individual beam guidance of the laser beams makes it possible to act on them individually in order to set the relative phases appropriately with the aid of the phase setting device.
- the beam guiding devices can have a corresponding number of amplifiers or amplifier chains, for example in the form of fiber amplifiers, in order to amplify the laser beams before they are emitted at the raster positions in the direction of the microlens array.
- the phase adjusting devices can be arranged in the beam path in front of the beam guiding devices or after the beam guiding devices and / or act on the beam guiding devices, for example in the form of the fibers.
- the coherent laser beams can reach the grid arrangement in free beam propagation, which can be located, for example, in a focal plane of a Fourier lens or at another location where the coherent laser beams are sufficiently far apart.
- the coherent laser beams - if necessary after suitable deflection - have the desired fill factor, ie a desired ratio between the extent or the beam diameter of the respective laser beams in a respective spatial direction and the distance between the Centers of neighboring laser beams, as described above.
- control device is designed to set a respective basic phase of one of the coherent laser beams, in which the beam combination device combines the coherent laser beams into a laser beam diffracted into exactly one order of diffraction.
- the basic phase exactly one combined laser beam is generated, which is diffracted into the zeroth diffraction order (if present) or into a diffraction order different from the zeroth, in order to deflect the combined laser beam.
- the diffraction order B k, x assumes integer values. In the event that an even number N of coherent laser beams is combined, the diffraction order B k, x assumes half-integer values.
- the splitting device for splitting an input laser beam into the plurality of coherent laser beams is designed as a further microlens arrangement with at least two further microlens arrays, and the control device is designed to combine the coherent laser beams into the precisely one into which exactly one diffraction order B k, x in the first direction and preferably in the exactly one diffraction order B j, y in the second direction diffracted combined laser beam to set twice the basic phases.
- control device is designed to set the respective phase of one of the coherent laser beams, which is composed of the respective basic phase and an additional phase.
- the additional phase enables the combined laser beam to be divided into two or more diffraction orders or a rapid change in the diffraction order into which the combined laser beam is diffracted.
- the basic phases are preferably selected such that the beam combination device combines the coherent laser beams - without the additional phase - into the zeroth diffraction order. It is assumed below that the basic phases are selected in such a way that the basic phases combine the laser beam into the zeroth diffraction order.
- the grid positions are arranged at equal distances from one another (equidistant) in the first direction.
- the grid positions can be arranged on a line which extends along the first direction, ie the beam exit directions or the Poynting vectors of the coherent ones Laser beams are aligned parallel to each other.
- the grid positions can also be arranged at equal distances from one another, for example on an arc of a circle which extends in or along the first direction.
- the above conditions are considered to be met if the right-hand side is not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10%, in particular not more than 5% of the value ⁇ a or ⁇ a, b on the deviates on the left side, ie if:
- the additional phase ⁇ a, b is set at an a-th raster position in the first direction, which at the same time forms a b-th raster position in the second direction.
- the formula given above results for the additional phase ⁇ a.
- a plurality of N x M laser beams are combined two-dimensionally to form one or more laser beams.
- the grid or the grid arrangement with the grid positions can extend in a plane (e.g. XY plane) or on a curved surface, e.g. on a spherical shell.
- the laser beams emanating from the raster positions are typically aligned in parallel in the first case and in the second case can be aligned, for example, in the direction of the center point of the spherical socket on which the microlens array is arranged.
- the periodicity of the grid with the grid positions specifies the grid spacing of the microlenses in two different, for example perpendicular directions (X, Y).
- a 2-dimensional microlens array can be used, the grid spacings p x , p Y of which may differ in the two mutually perpendicular directions X, Y depending on the periodicity of the grid.
- the microlenses of the 2-dimensional microlens array accordingly have a possibly different curvature in the X direction or in the Y direction, ie they are not cylindrical lenses.
- a 2-dimensional microlens array by combining two 1-dimensional microlens sub-arrays with cylindrical lenses, the cylindrical lenses of the 1- dimensional microlens subarrays are aligned perpendicular to one another and arranged in the same plane, ie in this case too the microlens arrangement has only a single microlens array and acts as a non-imaging homogenizer.
- the relationship between the 2-dimensional grid with the grid positions and the 2-dimensional microlens array is analogous to the relationship between the Bravais grid and the reciprocal grid.
- the arrangement of the grid positions can also correspond to a closest packing, i.e. a hexagonal grid.
- the microlenses of the microlens array are also arranged in a hexagonal arrangement in this case.
- control device is designed to vary the respective phase of one of the coherent laser beams as a function of an arrangement of the respective raster position within the raster arrangement in order to change an order of diffraction into which the at least one combined laser beam is diffracted.
- the device can serve as a scanner device or as a beam-shaping unit.
- the scanning process can be carried out with a laser beam diffracted into a single diffraction order, but it is also possible with a laser beam divided into two or more diffraction orders (maximum ⁇ (N-1) / 2 diffraction orders), i.e. with two or more combined laser beams, realize a discrete scanning process.
- the control device can be used to set the phase relationship or the phase of a respective coherent laser beam which is required for diffraction or for splitting the combined laser beam into at least two different diffraction orders.
- the power distribution can be changed to the different diffraction orders into which the at least two combined laser beams are diffracted.
- a discrete scanning process with a number of combined laser beams can be carried out, with the scanning field between the - ((N-1) / 2). Diffraction order and the (N-1) / 2. Diffraction order and N denotes the number of coherent laser beams (in the respective scan direction).
- the control device can set or vary the respective phase of the coherent laser beams as a function of a parameter table stored in a memory device in order to move the at least one combined laser beam along a predetermined (discrete) movement path.
- the respective phases to be set can also be specified to the control device externally, for example by a user, or the phases to be set can be specified or varied as a function of at least one measured variable that is measured, for example, with the aid of a sensor arrangement Regulation of the phases to a respective target value take place.
- a sensor array or possibly a spatially resolving sensor for phase detection use it is usually necessary to add a sensor array or possibly a spatially resolving sensor for phase detection use.
- the (at least one) combined laser beam no longer propagates along the optical axis, but offset parallel to the optical axis.
- the amount of parallel offset of the combined laser beam depends on the higher order of diffraction ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2; ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ 1, 5 etc.) into which it is diffracted.
- the grid positions are arranged in a two-dimensional grid arrangement, the (at least one) combined laser beam can be offset in this way in two directions, typically perpendicular to one another, parallel to the optical axis, namely within a further grid arrangement, which is the raster arrangement which corresponds to coherent laser beams.
- control device is designed to change the respective additional phase of the coherent laser beams to change a first diffraction order into which a first combined laser beam is diffracted, and / or to vary a second diffraction order into which a second combined laser beam is diffracted.
- the coherent laser beams are combined by the beam combining device to form at least two diffracted laser beams.
- the respective (additional) phases of the combined laser beams are suitably selected, for which an iterative, e.g.
- stochastic optimization algorithm can be used to selectively determine the ( ⁇ (N-1) / 2nd or zeroth) diffraction order of the first combined To vary or adjust the laser beam and the ( ⁇ (N-1) / 2-th or 0-th) diffraction order of the second combined laser beam. It goes without saying that a variable beam division is not limited to two combined laser beams, but can also be carried out with more than two combined laser beams.
- control device is designed to set a respective additional phase of the coherent laser beams to generate a predetermined, in particular different, power of the at least two combined laser beams diffracted into different diffraction orders.
- control device can be designed to vary the respective additional phase of one of the coherent laser beams depending on an arrangement of the respective raster position of the coherent laser beam within the raster arrangement in order to change the predetermined, in particular different, power or the power distribution over time.
- the input power can be distributed equally to the respective combined laser beams, but it is also possible to undertake a predetermined, different division of the input power to the at least two laser beams combined in different diffraction orders and to vary this division over time, if necessary.
- the combined laser beam diffracted in the first direction can divide the input power p to the 0th or ⁇ 1.
- Diffraction order diffracted combined laser beam generated.
- ⁇ a ⁇ C (2 ⁇ / N) (a - (N + 1) / 2), where for a positive sign in the above equation, a proportion of the input power p in the -1. Diffraction order is diffracted and where for a negative sign in the above equation, a proportion of the input power in the +1. Diffraction order is diffracted.
- the above equation can be generalized to the two-dimensional case analogously to the equations given above for the additional phase ⁇ a , whereby the following formula results for the additional phase ⁇ a, b:
- ⁇ ab, ⁇ C (2 ⁇ / N) (a - (N + 1) / 2) ⁇ C (2 ⁇ / M) (b- (M + 1) / 2).
- the factor C can be chosen to be constant or changed as a function of time.
- the device can be operated in the form of an acousto-optical or electro-mechanical component in the form of deflectors or modulators.
- the above formulas for the additional phase generally apply in the event that the input power is to be divided between two immediately adjacent diffraction orders.
- the basic phase is set in such a way that the coherent laser beams are diffracted into the +1. Diffraction order occurs, the input power is divided between the +1. Diffraction order and the +2. Diffraction order.
- the division can be implemented, for example, in the form of a (linear) power ramp in which a first combined laser beam with a maximum power P k.max is diffracted into the k-th diffraction order and in which the remaining M-1 combined laser beams are diffracted into the remaining M-1 diffraction orders with a power reduced in relation to the maximum power p k.max.
- a / MP k.max 1, ..., M.
- a laser system comprising: a seed laser source for generating a seed laser beam, and a device as described above for combining the plurality of coherent laser beams, the seed laser beam preferably forming the input laser beam of the device .
- the seed laser source is preferably designed to supply the seed laser beam with a spectral bandwidth of less than 100 nm, particularly preferably less than 50 nm, in particular less than 10 nm and preferably with a spatial basic mode (single-mode laser beam) respectively.
- the seed laser beam can be fed to the device directly or via suitable beam-guiding optical elements.
- the seed laser beam can be amplified in at least one optical amplifier before entering the device described above. In this case in particular, the provision of amplifiers, e.g. in the form of amplifier fibers, for amplifying the individual coherent laser beams in the device can possibly be completely dispensed with.
- the input laser beam itself is a combined laser beam, as is described in more detail below.
- the laser system additionally comprises a further device for combining a plurality of further coherent laser beams, comprising: a further splitting device for splitting the seed laser beam or the (further) input laser beam to the plurality of further coherent laser beams, a plurality of further phase adjustment devices for setting a respective phase of one of the further coherent laser beams, as well as a further beam combination device for combining the further coherent laser beams, which from a plurality proceed from further grid positions of a further grid arrangement, the further beam combination device having a further microlens arrangement with at least one further microlens array, as well as a further control device which is used to set the respective phase of one of the further coherent laser beams depending on an arrangement of the respective further raster -Position is designed within the further grid arrangement in order to combine the coherent further laser beams into exactly one laser beam diffracted in exactly one diffraction order, which is the input laser beam dividing device forms the device.
- a further splitting device for splitting the seed laser beam or the (further)
- the further microlens arrangement also has precisely one microlens array, but this is not absolutely necessary.
- the power of the coherent laser beams in further devices can be so low that the use of two (or more) microlens arrays is also possible.
- the further control device of the further device is designed or programmed to combine the further coherent laser beams into a laser beam diffracted into the zeroth diffraction order or into a laser beam diffracted from the zeroth diffraction order by using the basic principles described above in connection with the device. Phases can be set.
- a further device for combining a plurality of further coherent laser beams is used to generate the input laser beam for the device described above.
- the further device forms an amplified, combined further laser beam from the seed laser beam, which forms the input laser beam of the device.
- the provision of amplifiers within the Device, in particular in the beam path after the splitting device may be completely dispensed with. Since an amplified input laser beam is coupled into the device, an active phase setting or phase control in the device can be dispensed with, so that the deflection of the at least one combined laser beam in the device is not caused by a phase control is slowed down.
- An active stabilization of the phase settings by means of a control loop provided in the further device for combining the further coherent laser beams is simplified in this case, since stabilization only has to be carried out to the zeroth diffraction order.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for combining a plurality of coherent laser beams, in particular by means of the device described above, the method comprising: coupling in the plurality of coherent laser beams, which emanate from a plurality of grid positions arranged in a grid arrangement, in a microlens array that has precisely one microlens array, and combining the coherent laser beams in the microlens array to form at least one combined laser beam.
- the coherent combination of the laser beams with sufficient combination efficiency can also be achieved with the aid of a single microlens array if the parameters are selected appropriately, as described above in connection with the device.
- the method comprises: setting a respective phase of one of the coherent laser beams as a function of an arrangement of the respective raster position in the raster arrangement for combining the coherent laser beams into at least one laser beam diffracted in at least one order of diffraction, the method preferably comprising: varying the respective phase of the coherent laser beams as a function of an arrangement of the respective raster position within the raster arrangement in order to change an order of diffraction into which the at least one combined laser beam is diffracted.
- the basic phases or phase differences between the coherent laser beams for a combination optimized in terms of beam quality in the zeroth or in a higher order of diffraction can be deviated from in order to undertake a controlled, rapid beam deflection or a controlled beam splitting.
- a beam deflection or beam splitting with suitably selected additional phases of the individual coherent laser beams a negligible loss of efficiency results for the respective order of diffraction.
- the additional phases of the individual coherent laser beams can in particular satisfy the equations for ⁇ a and for ⁇ a, b given above in connection with the laser system or with the device.
- the basic phases ⁇ a and ⁇ a, b typically also satisfy the equations described above in connection with the device.
- the method comprises: Varying the respective additional phases of the coherent laser beams to change a first diffraction order into which a first combined laser beam is diffracted and / or to change a second diffraction order into which a second combined laser beam is diffracted starting from a respective basic phase in which the beam combining device combines the coherent laser beams into a single laser beam diffracted into exactly one order of diffraction.
- a highly dynamic beam splitting can be realized by varying the phases, in which two, three or possibly more (maximum N or N x M) combined laser beams are generated and / or the position or the alignment of maximum N-1 or a maximum of (N-1) x (M -1) combined laser beams can be changed. It goes without saying that the scanning process described above in connection with a single combined laser beam can also be combined with the division into two or more combined laser beams.
- the method comprises: setting a respective additional phase of the coherent laser beams to generate a predetermined, in particular different power of the at least two combined laser beams diffracted in different diffraction orders starting from a respective basic phase in which the beam combination device combines the coherent laser beams into a single laser beam diffracted in exactly one diffraction order.
- the input power can be distributed equally between the two or more combined laser beams, but it is also possible to deviate in a targeted manner from an even distribution between the plurality of combined laser beams.
- 1a-c a schematic representation of a laser system with a device for combining a plurality of coherent laser beams which are amplified in a plurality of amplifier fibers
- 1b shows a schematic representation of a laser system analogous to FIG. 1a, in which an amplified seed laser beam is fed to the device
- 1c shows a schematic representation of a laser system analogous to FIG. 1b with a further device for combining coherent laser beams, which is used to amplify the seed laser beam
- FIGS. 1a-c shows an illustration of a beam combination device of the laser system of FIGS. 1a-c, which comprises coupling optics and a microlens arrangement with a single microlens array
- FIGS. 1a-c shows a representation of a beam combination device of the laser system of FIGS. 1a-c, which comprises a microlens arrangement with a microlens array without coupling optics
- FIG. 3 shows a representation of the intensities of the coherent laser beams and of the combined laser beam in the beam combination device of FIG. 2b
- FIG. 7 shows a representation of a two-dimensional arrangement of 5 ⁇ 5 coherent laser beams with an additional phase assigned in each case for generating a single or several diffracted laser beams
- 8 shows an illustration of the far field of the beam combination device in which the phases are selected such that the combined laser beam is diffracted into exactly one diffraction order
- FIG. 9 shows a representation of the far field of the beam combining device in which the phases are selected such that two combined laser beams are diffracted into two different diffraction orders.
- FIG. 1a shows an exemplary structure of a laser system 1 which has a laser source 2 for generating a seed laser beam 2a.
- the laser source 2 has a mode-locked fiber master oscillator which generates the seed laser beam 2a with a laser wavelength ⁇ L.
- the seed laser beam 2a of the laser source 2 is fed as an input laser beam 9 to a device 5 for combining a number N of coherent laser beams 3.1, 3.2,..., 3.N.
- the device 5 has a conventional 1-to-N splitting device 4, for example in the form of a fiber splitter, in order to divide the input laser beam 9, which corresponds to the seed laser beam 2a, into the number N of coherent laser beams 3.1,. .. to divide 3rd N.
- the phase adjusting devices 6.1,..., 6.N can be used, for example, as electro-optical modulators or deflectors, e.g. Piezo mirrors, etc. be formed.
- the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.N pass through a corresponding number N of amplifier fibers 7.1, ..., 7.N in order to generate the coherent laser beams 3.1 , ..., 3.N to reinforce.
- the front sides the amplifier fibers 7.1, ... 7.N serve as emission surfaces or form them
- phase adjustment devices 6.1, ..., 6.N can also be arranged behind the amplifier fibers 7.1, ..., 7.N or act directly on the amplifier fibers 7.1, ..., 7.N, for example by creating an adjustable mechanical tension on the amplifier fibers 7.1, ..., 7.N.
- the coherent laser beams 3.1,. ., 3.N for the formation of a combined laser beam 12 or of several combined laser beams 12a, b (the latter is not shown in Fig. 1a).
- a portion 12c of the combined laser beam 12 is decoupled via a decoupling device in the form of a partially transmissive mirror 13 and strikes a spatially resolving detector 14, for example in the form of a sensor array or a camera.
- the detector 14 is in signal connection with a control device 15 of the laser system 1, which controls the phase adjustment devices 6.1, ..., 6.N in order to determine the individual phases ⁇ a + ⁇ a of the laser beams 3.1, ..., 3. N as a function of the properties of the detected portion 12a of the combined laser beam 12.
- the control device 15 can in particular regulate the phase adjustment devices 6.1, ..., 6.N for generating desired (target) phases ⁇ a + ⁇ a of the laser beams 3.1, ..., 3. N as a function of the properties of the detected portion 12a of the combined laser beam 12.
- the number N of phase adjustment devices 6.1, ..., 6.N corresponds to the plurality N of laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.N, there is generally a number of N ⁇ 1 phase adjustment devices 6.1 , ..., 6.N-1 sufficient.
- Fig. 1b shows a laser system 1 which differs from the laser system 1 shown in Fig. 1a essentially in that the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.N in the device 5 are not with the aid of a plurality of amplifier fibers 7.1, ..., 7.N. or amplified with the help of other optical amplifiers.
- the seed laser beam 2 a is instead amplified in an amplifier fiber 7.
- the amplified seed laser beam 2a is fed to the device 5 as an input laser beam 9.
- the device 5 of FIG. 1b is designed analogously to the device 5 shown in FIG. 1a.
- the splitting device 4 can be designed in different ways, for example as a beam splitter, e.g.
- microlens arrays in the form of several beam splitter cubes connected in series, as a polarization beam splitter, as a segment mirror or as a microlens arrangement with (at least) two microlens arrays.
- the use of two microlens arrays for beam splitting is also possible at higher powers if the system parameters are selected appropriately (small form factor, large grid spacing) so that the second microlens array is not arranged in the focal plane of the first microlens array.
- the grid positions 8.1, ..., 8. N of the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3. N are not at the end faces of the amplifier fibers 7.1, ..., 7. N, but these are located in a focal plane of a second microlens array in the beam path of the splitting device 4, ie in the far field or in the focal plane of the second microlens array of the splitting device 4.
- N of the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.N in the focal plane form a grid arrangement 16 in which adjacent grid positions 8.1, ..., 8.N have the same distance from one another, ie are arranged equidistantly.
- the phase adjusting devices 6.1, ..., 6.N are in that shown in Fig. 1b
- the control device 15 can be, for example, electro-optical or acousto-optical modulators or deflectors.
- the control device 15 also serves to control the phase adjustment devices 6.1,..., 6.N.
- the active regulation of the phases ⁇ a + ⁇ a of the laser beams 3.1,. ..., 3.N can be dispensed with, ie the control device 15 can set the (static) setpoint phases ⁇ a + ⁇ a on the phase adjustment devices 6.1, ..., 6.N without the need for readjustment. Because the active phase adjustment or regulation is not required, the device 5 can deflect the combined laser beam (s) 12, 12a, b more quickly than is the case with the device 5 shown in FIG. 1a.
- FIG. 1 c shows a laser system 1 which is designed as in FIG. 1 b, the laser system 1 from FIG. 1 c having a further device 5 instead of the amplifier 7 shown in FIG. 1 b for amplifying the seed laser beam 2a 'for combining a plurality N of further laser beams 3.1', ..., 3.N ', which is designed analogously to the device 5 shown in FIG. 1a.
- the seed laser beam 2a is fed to the further device 5 'as an input laser beam 9' and is divided into a number N of further coherent laser beams 3.1 ', ..., 3.N' by means of a further 1-to-N splitting device 4 '. divided up.
- the control device 15 'of the further device 5' shown in FIG. 1c is designed or programmed, the individual (basic) phases ⁇ a of the further coherent laser beams 3.1 ',..., 3. N' as a function of an arrangement of the to set the further raster position 8.1 ', ..., 8.N' assigned to the respective further laser beam 3.1 ', ..., 3.N' so that the coherent further laser beams 3.1 ', ...,
- the combined laser beam 12 ' forms the input laser beam 9 for the device 5 for combining the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.N, which is designed as shown in FIG. 1b.
- the amplification of the input laser beam 9 in the device 5 can be dispensed with.
- the laser systems 1 shown in Fig. 1a-c are suitable for high average laser powers in the order of kW and high pulse energies in the order of mJ, since the beam combination device 10 and the microlens arrangement 11 each have only one microlens array 17, 17 ' .
- the beam combination device 10 has a microlens arrangement 11 with exactly one microlens array 17 and a coupling optics 18.
- Five phase adjustment devices not shown in Fig. 2a serve to adjust the phases ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 1 , ..., ⁇ 5 + ⁇ 5 of the five laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 such that in combination with the coupling optics 18 forms a phase front on the microlens array 11, which enables a coherent combination of the laser beams 3.1,..., 3.5 to form the combined laser beam 12 while maintaining the beam quality as completely as possible.
- the grid positions 8.1,..., 8.5 are arranged along a line in the X direction and the laser beams 3.1,.
- the coupling optics 18 have a focusing device in the form of a focusing lens 19, more precisely a cylindrical lens, which the laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 onto the microlens array 11, more precisely onto the microlens array 17 the microlens array 11, focused.
- the grid positions 8.1, ..., 8.5 can also be arranged in a one-dimensional grid arrangement 16 on a circular arc extending in the X direction.
- N p x 2 / ( ⁇ L f ML ) (1)
- f ML denotes the focal length of the microlens array 17. Equation (1) should be adhered to as precisely as possible, since deviations lead to a deterioration in the beam quality of the combined laser beam 12.
- the laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 that emanate from the grid positions 8.1, ..., 8.5 are single-mode beams in the example shown, ie they each have a Gaussian profile.
- the laser beams 3.1,..., 3.5 can have a different beam profile with a possibly reduced degree of spatial coherence, for example a donought-shaped beam profile or a top-hat beam profile.
- the beam diameter, more precisely the half-width of the Gaussian beam profile of the coherent laser beams 3.1,..., 3.5 in the example shown is denoted by 2 ⁇ FLMLx in FIG. 2a.
- the beam combination device 10 shown in FIG. 2b differs from the beam combination device 10 shown in FIG. 2a in that there is no coupling optics 18, in particular no Fourier lens 19.
- the grid arrangement 16 with the grid positions 8.1,..., 8.5 arranged at equidistant intervals ⁇ x are shown in FIG. 2b
- the beam combining device 10 shown in FIG. 2b the raster positions
- the focal length f ML of the microlens array 17 is typically less than approx. 70-80 mm and is smaller than the Rayleigh length of the laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5, so that the condition on the angular difference ⁇ x between adjacent coherent Laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 do not have to be complied with.
- the coherent laser beams 3.1,..., 3.5 can be radiated onto the microlens array 17 in the beam combination device 10 shown in FIG.
- the divergence of the laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 at the grid positions 8.1, ..., 8.5, which can correspond, for example, to the end faces of amplifier fibers as emission surfaces, of which a respective laser beam 3.1, ..., 3.5 starts, has a negligible influence on the combination efficiency due to the small distance f ML to the microlens array 17.
- the beam profile of the laser beams can be adjusted with the aid of a suitable beam shaping device
- 3.1 lie in the focal plane of a plurality of (for example spherical) focusing lenses.
- the intensity of the coherent laser beams 3.1,..., 3.5 can be chosen to be identical, as is typically the case with the beam shaping device 10 described in FIG. 2a. However, it is also possible or advantageous if the maximum intensities of the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 in the beam shaping device 10 shown in FIG.
- the fill factor FF X in the first direction X FF X ⁇ 0.4, preferably FF X ⁇ 0.3.
- the fill factor FF X should be lower, the greater the number N of combined coherent laser beams 3.1,..., 3.5.
- the coherent laser beams are also combined in a second direction Y (see below), the following should apply to the fill factor FF y in the second direction Y: FF y ⁇ 0.4, preferably FF y ⁇
- the basic phase ⁇ a differs for each individual coherent laser beam 3.1, 3.5 and is therefore set with the aid of the phase adjustment devices 6.1, ..., 6.N and not with the aid of one or more optical elements of the coupling optics 18, even if this would also be possible in principle.
- the combined laser beam 12 can be specifically bent into the zeroth diffraction order B 0, x , in which the laser beam 12 propagates along the Z direction, as shown in FIGS. 2a, b is shown.
- B k, x as an odd or even number different from zero
- the combined laser beam 12 can be diffracted into the corresponding diffraction order B k, x (in the X direction) different from the zeroth diffraction order, in which the laser beam 12 under a Propagated angle to the Z direction.
- the combined laser beam 12 diffracted into the zeroth or a higher order of diffraction B k, x is, in the example shown in FIGS 17 is arranged, imaged in a further grid arrangement 16 ′ in an image-side focal plane of the further Fourier lens 21.
- ⁇ x ' ⁇ x f FLout / f FLin .
- N denotes the number of grid positions 8.1, ..., 8.
- N and B k, x an integer or half-integer number for which applies:
- the respective additional phase ⁇ a is added to the basic phase ⁇ a given above for the coherent superposition in the zeroth diffraction order B 0, x .
- the diffraction order B k, x it has proven to be advantageous, starting from the basic phase ⁇ a for diffraction into the zeroth diffraction order B 0, x for the diffraction in (at least) a higher diffraction order B k, x to use the additional phase ⁇ a and not to set the basic phase ⁇ a accordingly, ie for diffraction in a higher diffraction order B k, x .
- a respective individual additional phase ⁇ 1 , ..., ⁇ 5 is indicated for the five laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5, which the diffraction of the combined laser beam 12 in the -1.
- Diffraction order B -1, x causes.
- the associated far field (angular distribution) generated by means of the beam combination device 10 is shown in FIG. 5a.
- phase adjusting devices 8.1, ..., 8.5 are controlled with the aid of the control device 15 so that they are for the a-th coherent laser beam 3.1, ..., 3.N generate the correct additional phase ⁇ a in each case.
- Diffraction order B + 2 are moved, x in the X direction, by instead of in Fig. 3a additional phases shown ⁇ 1, ..., ⁇ 5 shown in Fig 3b. Additional phases shown ⁇ 1, ..., ⁇ 5 can be set.
- the angular distribution is converted into a local distribution.
- an adjustable beam offset of the combined laser beam 12 can be generated, that is, the laser beam 12 can be offset at a desired distance in the X direction from the optical axis, depending on the diffraction order B k, x, which is in the Z direction in the center of the Beam combination device 10 runs.
- the combined laser beam 12 can in particular be focused at a (varying) focus position in a focal plane, as is shown in FIGS. 2a, b by way of example for the focal plane of the further Fourier lens 21.
- Fig. 5b shows the far field of the beam combining means 10 in which the five coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 to a first, to a first order diffraction B -1, x, 1 diffracted beam 12a and a second, in a second diffraction order B 0 , x , 2 diffracted laser beam 12b are combined.
- the additional phases ⁇ 1 , ..., ⁇ 5 of the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 are also suitably set.
- an iterative optimization algorithm can be applied, which takes place in the control device 15 or which has already been carried out beforehand.
- the phases suitable for a specific machining process for example a laser cutting process, a laser welding process, a laser marking process, additive manufacturing, etc. are in the form of data records or tables in the Control device 15 itself or stored in an electronic memory connected to it or these are specified by an operator.
- the additional phases ⁇ 1 ,..., ⁇ 5 are selected such that a first laser beam 12a as in FIG. 5a enters the -1.
- Diffraction order B -1, x, 1 is diffracted and, in addition, a second laser beam 12b is diffracted into the zeroth diffraction order B 0 .
- the intensity or the power of the first and second laser beams 12a, 12b can be the same in the examples shown, ie the power generated by the seed laser source is distributed equally to both laser beams 12a, b.
- the input power p which is coupled into the beam combination device 10
- the input power p is applied in equal parts (50:50) to the laser beam 12b and on the in the -1.
- ⁇ a C (2 ⁇ / N) (a - (N + 1) / 2).
- the division factor C can be selected to be constant by the control device 15 or changed as a function of time. In the latter case, the device 5 can be operated in the manner of an (acousto-optical or electro-optical) modulator or deflector.
- the allocation example in the form of a can be realized (for example linear) power ramp, wherein a first combined laser beam with a maximum power P in the k.max k-th diffraction order is diffracted and in which the remaining M ⁇ 1 combined laser beams are diffracted into the remaining M ⁇ 1 diffraction orders with a power reduced in relation to the maximum power p k, max.
- proportions of 100% result. , 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of the maximum power P k, max .
- the coherent laser beams 3.1, ..., 3.5 can be combined in two or more than two laser beams 12a, 12b, ..., which - with equally distributed power or different power - be diffracted into corresponding diffraction orders B k, x, 1 , B k, x, 2 , ...
- the coupling optics 18 in the optical arrangement of FIG. 6a only have a focusing device in the form of a focusing lens 19, which is shown as a square in FIG. 6a.
- the microlenses 20 of the microlens array 17 of the microlens arrangement 11 are in a corresponding, rectangular shape Arranged grid arrangement and aligned parallel to the XY plane.
- the microlenses 20 are square lenses which act like cylindrical lenses in both directions X, Y.
- ..., 8.NM also arranged in a grid arrangement 16 or in an array, which, however, runs along a curved surface, more precisely along a spherical shell, with the beam propagation directions of the laser beams 3.1.1, ..., 3.NM are aligned perpendicular to the spherical shell and the microlens arrangement 11 is arranged in the vicinity of the center point of the spherical shell.
- An arrangement of the grid positions 8.1.1, ..., 8.N.M in a grid arrangement 16 which runs along another curved surface, for example along an ellipsoid, is also possible. In this case, coupling optics 18 can be dispensed with.
- FIG. 6c shows an optical arrangement analogous to FIG. 6a, in which the two-dimensional microlens array 17 of the microlens arrangement 11 is replaced by two one-dimensional partial microlens arrays 22a, 22b.
- the sub-microlens arrays 22a, 22b each have a plurality of microlenses 20a, b in the form of cylindrical lenses, the microlenses 20a of the first sub-microlens array 22a and the microlenses 20b of the second sub-microlens array 22b perpendicular to one another , in the X-direction and in the Y-direction, respectively.
- the two one-dimensional partial microlens arrays 22a, b can be arranged directly adjacent to one another in a common plane and correspond to the case shown in FIG. 6a.
- the two-dimensional combination of the coherent laser beams 8.1.1, ..., 8.NM is also possible analogously in the beam combination device 10 shown in FIG or square grid arrangement 16 is arranged at a distance of the focal length f ML in front of the microlens array 17 and the coherent laser beams 3.1.1,.
- the grid spacing x p, Y p of the microlenses 20a , b differ from one another in the two mutually perpendicular directions X, Y.
- ⁇ a, b - ((2 ⁇ / N) (a - (N + 1) / 2) B k, x + (2 ⁇ / M) (b - (M + 1) / 2) B j, y ) (3)
- M denotes a number of the grid positions in the second direction Y and B j, y denotes an integer or half-integer number for which the following applies:.
- the respective additional phases ⁇ a, b are set with the aid of an iterative, stochastic optimization algorithm in order to achieve the first, in a first diffraction order B -2, x, 1 (X-direction), B +1, y, 1 (Y-direction) diffracted laser beam 12a and the second laser beam 12b diffracted into the second diffraction order B +1, x, 2 (X-direction), B -1, y, 2 (Y-direction) to create.
- the number and arrangement of the diffraction orders is B k, x, 1 , B k, y, 1 ; B k, x, 2 , B k, y, 2 , ... diffracted laser beams 12a, 12b,
- a (discrete) one- or two-dimensional scanning process or a targeted beam deflection and / or a targeted division of the combined laser beam 12 into two or more laser beams 12a, 12b can be achieved.
- the combined laser beam (s) 12, 12a, b can be imaged or focused on (varying) focus position (s) in a focal plane with the aid of additional optics, for example the Fourier lens 19 shown in FIGS. 2a, b.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102020201161.3A DE102020201161A1 (de) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Vorrichtung, Lasersystem und Verfahren zur Kombination von kohärenten Laserstrahlen |
| PCT/EP2021/051467 WO2021151795A1 (de) | 2020-01-31 | 2021-01-22 | Vorrichtung, lasersystem und verfahren zur kombination von kohärenten laserstrahlen |
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| EP (1) | EP4097536A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102688783B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115039017B (de) |
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| KR102331321B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-11-26 | 주식회사 이오테크닉스 | 가변 펄스폭 플랫 탑 레이저 장치 및 이의 동작 방법 |
| DE102021120516A1 (de) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-09 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kombination von Kohärenten Laserstrahlen |
| DE102022103417A1 (de) | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-17 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kombination von kohärenten Laserstrahlen, Lasersystem |
| DE102022103418A1 (de) | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-17 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kombination von kohärenten Laserstrahlen, Lasersystem |
| DE102022110720A1 (de) | 2022-05-02 | 2023-11-02 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Lasersystem |
| DE102022114763A1 (de) | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-14 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Bearbeitungssystem und Verfahren zur Laserbearbeitung eines Werkstücks |
| DE102022121616A1 (de) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-02-29 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Lasersystem und Verfahren zur Laserbearbeitung eines Werkstücks |
| CN120855056B (zh) * | 2025-07-16 | 2026-03-20 | 广东工业大学 | 一种通道可扩展的智能激光相干合成相位控制方法及装置 |
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| US20060239312A1 (en) | 2005-04-23 | 2006-10-26 | Telaris Inc. | Semiconductor Lasers in Optical Phase-Locked Loops |
| CN101592785A (zh) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-02 | 北京中视中科光电技术有限公司 | 用于激光显示的光源装置 |
| CN201307197Y (zh) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-09-09 | 广东工业大学 | 一种增强激光束均匀化的均束器 |
| IL206143A (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2016-06-30 | Eyal Shekel | Coherent optical amplifier |
| US8837033B2 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-09-16 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Nested loop coherent beam combining system |
| CN103513428B (zh) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-02-03 | 电子科技大学 | 一种实现激光相干合束的方法及装置 |
| CN104460005B (zh) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-02-22 | 北京工业大学 | 一种优化准分子激光微透镜阵列均束装置的方法 |
| CN104953465B (zh) * | 2015-06-04 | 2018-11-30 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 基于空间频谱分割处理的激光二极管阵列光束的匀化装置 |
| US20160377414A1 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2016-12-29 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Optical pattern projector |
| EP3165873B1 (de) * | 2015-11-04 | 2020-03-04 | Hexagon Technology Center GmbH | Lasermodul mit einem mikrolinsenarray |
| US9735537B1 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-08-15 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Hybrid spectral and coherent beam combiner utilizing 1D fiber arrays |
| DE102018211971A1 (de) | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Vorrichtung, Lasersystem und Verfahren zur Kombination von kohärenten Laserstrahlen |
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| US20220376461A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
| DE102020201161A1 (de) | 2021-08-05 |
| KR102688783B1 (ko) | 2024-07-25 |
| KR20220116297A (ko) | 2022-08-22 |
| CN115039017B (zh) | 2024-09-20 |
| WO2021151795A9 (de) | 2022-06-09 |
| CN115039017A (zh) | 2022-09-09 |
| WO2021151795A1 (de) | 2021-08-05 |
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