EP4096899A1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zum 3d-drucken - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zum 3d-druckenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4096899A1 EP4096899A1 EP21701389.5A EP21701389A EP4096899A1 EP 4096899 A1 EP4096899 A1 EP 4096899A1 EP 21701389 A EP21701389 A EP 21701389A EP 4096899 A1 EP4096899 A1 EP 4096899A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- printing
- masses
- printed
- product body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/171—Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects
- B29C64/176—Sequentially
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/0003—Processes of manufacture not relating to composition or compounding ingredients
- A23G1/005—Moulding, shaping, cutting or dispensing chocolate
- A23G1/0053—Processes of shaping not covered elsewhere
- A23G1/0063—Processes in which the material is shaped at least partially in a mould, in the hollows of a surface, a drum or an endless band, or by drop-by-drop casting or dispensing of the material on a surface, e.g. injection moulding or transfer moulding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
- A23G1/20—Apparatus for moulding, cutting or dispensing chocolate
- A23G1/201—Apparatus not covered by groups A23G1/21 - A23G1/28
- A23G1/205—Apparatus in which the material is shaped at least partially in a mould, in the hollows of a surface, a drum or an endless band, or by drop-by-drop casting or dispensing of the material on a surface, e.g. injection moulding or transfer moulding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
- A23P20/20—Making of laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs, e.g. by wrapping in preformed edible dough sheets or in edible food containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
- A23P20/20—Making of laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs, e.g. by wrapping in preformed edible dough sheets or in edible food containers
- A23P20/25—Filling or stuffing cored food pieces, e.g. combined with coring or making cavities
- A23P2020/253—Coating food items by printing onto them; Printing layers of food products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/718—Cosmetic equipment, e.g. hair dressing, shaving equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for 3D printing of foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products, composite products made of plastic or ceramic.
- the invention also relates to a device for carrying out such a method.
- the invention also relates to products manufactured according to the method according to the invention and a control or regulation for a device according to the invention. Finally, the invention relates to the use of products printed according to the invention.
- US Pat. No. 6,280,784 B1 describes various devices and procedures for producing foodstuffs using flowable components that are either applied in the form of a strand to a table-like base movable in three dimensions or can be fed in the form of a mixture to a metering device working with gear wheels. From this, the mass flow is divided into different channels, which lead to different nozzles, which in turn are connected to different feed devices, by means of which further additives, for example edible colors, can be fed to the strands discharged through the different nozzles. Strands of mass applied through nozzles are applied in layers and arranged one on top of the other in the form of strips to form a body.
- the feed device can be computer-controlled, the materials to be printed being supplied by pumps, extruders or valve controls. If individual nozzles are provided, they are rigidly connected to one another and cannot be controlled separately from one another in order to work independently of one another. Multi-scale work with high accuracy is not possible in this way.
- a printing device is described in WO 2014/110590 A1. With this printing process, no value is placed on dimensional accuracy. The applied masses are arranged layer by layer on top of one another. Larger bodies cannot be printed with this device.
- WO 2017/215641 A1 shows a printing device with several strongly interconnected nozzles which cannot be controlled independently. Larger bodies cannot be printed with this device.
- WO 2019/199505 A1 describes a printing method for producing vitamin and / or pharmaceutical preparations. Multi-scale printing in the 3D area is not possible with this method.
- the invention is based on the object of proposing a method for 3D printing of product bodies in the 3D printing process, which allows the printing of product bodies or product body parts, which consist of several differently functionalizable mass flows and product structures with different length scales, with relatively high accuracy industrial conditions with relatively high product speeds according to the invention at the same time. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of creating a device for carrying out the method according to the invention which, under industrial conditions, enables the production of 3D product bodies or 3D product body parts with relatively narrow tolerances and, according to the invention, at the same time relatively high output rates, the product bodies or Product body parts consist of several differently functionalizable mass flows and have dimensions on different length scales.
- the invention is also based on the object of creating product bodies or product body parts which can be produced with the method according to the invention under industrial conditions with relatively narrow tolerances compared to conventional methods.
- the invention is based on the object of providing suitable uses for products produced by the process according to the invention.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a control or regulation for a device according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention enables the simultaneous printing of relatively large-sized product parts by means of nozzles with correspondingly adapted large diameters and thus connects synchronously running printing processes for product parts which have medium or smaller dimensions with corresponding nozzles medium / small diameter.
- These printing processes on different characteristic length scales interlock in such a way that the corresponding product parts of different dimensions are joined to one another and thus the multi-scale synchronous printing process connects an "assembly" of corresponding product parts synchronized with the printing process.
- the interaction of the corresponding apparatus / process engineering components for at least two, preferably more than two, printed part product body sizes / printed part sizes is implemented according to the invention via a combined printhead device concept, which is subject to coordinated control or regulation in conjunction with communicating robots.
- the flow properties of the individual product sub-streams for printing product bodies or product sub-bodies of different sizes can be set separately and also separately certain functionalizations with regard to the resulting product properties can advantageously be carried out precisely and can be placed in a defined manner in the product.
- product parts i.e. printed product bodies or product body parts with larger dimensions
- a flow limit can be significantly reduced and, on the other hand, only an interfacial tension / wetting effect can be used to ensure sufficient dimensional stability of the printed product body or product body part.
- a product body or a product body part can be generated which, for example, in coordination with the physiological conditions in the consumer's mouth or digestive tract, ensures an improved effectiveness of the function to be achieved (for example aroma intensity, digestibility / bioavailability).
- an improved effectiveness of the function to be achieved for example aroma intensity, digestibility / bioavailability.
- Printed surface structures are considered suitable for enhancing both sweet and salty taste sensation, which means that sugar and / or salt do not have to be added to certain products in their total mass, as is usual. Likewise, printed surface structures allow the development of certain wetting properties of the tongue and palate and the associated possibilities of generating "fat-like" sliding properties to be adapted.
- new types of products / product bodies or product body parts can be achieved with product qualities that are considerably better than previous products in terms of functionality and potential savings in functionalizing ingredients. enzien, and which, moreover, can be produced in the future with high throughput rates with high dimensional accuracy that can be achieved according to the invention at the same time. Furthermore, the new product qualities and functionalities implemented, for example, are of great interest from the consumer / user perspective with regard to their sensory preference, as well as nutritional aspects relevant to health.
- the synchronous multi-scale 3D printing (SYMUS) technology according to the invention can offer new production options in the food, cosmetics, building materials, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, plastics and chemical industries in the future.
- control algorithms and recipes in a central computer unit that control and regulate two or more, in particular multi-axis robots with suitable printing devices, these robots moving printing devices in a controlled or regulated manner and the masses to be printed from suitable storage containers, for example Chocolate masses or chocolate-like masses, the pressure devices controlled and regulated recipe specifically feed in order to produce suitable printed product body parts therefrom, for example from chocolates or the like.
- the robot systems coupled with these printing devices can place products on suitable transport devices, for example continuously or intermittently driven conveyor elements, which convey the printed products away in order to either feed them to a suitable packaging station and / or storage station.
- suitable transport devices for example continuously or intermittently driven conveyor elements, which convey the printed products away in order to either feed them to a suitable packaging station and / or storage station.
- one or more computer units to control and / or regulate a large number of robots with their printing devices in order to simultaneously print identical or different printed product bodies, for example chocolates with different fillings, on conveying devices arranged in parallel and / or one behind the other.
- Heating and cooling devices can be assigned to the printing devices individually or separately in order to print the product bodies or product body parts to be printed.
- the sizes of the nozzles and their geometry can be adapted to the product or product part, whereby the potential of simultaneous processing on different size scales is fully exploited.
- the method proposed here allows, in particular, non-symmetrical products to be produced at high speed with great advantage, since the shape is highly variable due to the additive structure and the interaction of several extrusion and / or printing systems and, in principle, of one to the other product can be adapted very variably and quickly. It is also to be assessed as particularly advantageous that a product is built up from a plurality of masses, and this also at a significantly higher production speed in comparison to existing processes, which also means that local texture, taste and aroma-sensory properties of a product are also problem-free. ducts can be adjusted. In particular, the non-symmetrical arrangement of masses, which can also be composed differently, leads to a high degree of freedom with regard to the setting of sensory properties, in the case of foods, for example with regard to the perception of sweetness or the perception of aromas.
- a particular advantage is the high dimensional accuracy, which depends on the one hand on the precision of the movement and repositioning of the printing units or the associated robotics units and on the other hand also on the shape retention and the solidification properties of the masses involved.
- a high dimensional accuracy will achieved through optimal coordination of the material or its flow and solidification properties with the production process. In the case of products that require extremely high dimensional accuracy, this can be ensured, for example, by a higher resolution using a device that prints on a micro-length scale ( ⁇ 100 micrometers print resolution), for example in the areas of the object to be printed close to the surface.
- product bodies and product body parts can be printed with high dimensional accuracy according to industrial standards.
- Product parts can consist of various types of material structure, for example emulsions, suspensions (high density) or foams (low density).
- a particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that these different types of material can be placed next to one another in a product without any problems and can be present largely unmixed and thus new sensory perceptions can be derived. All these types of material structure can be processed without any problems and placed with suitably adapted extrusion and / or jet printing devices, optionally and in variable form (for example, strand or drop form).
- the achievable production speed of a product depends on the functionalities and the associated arrangement of the individual printing mass parts in the product.
- Simple, preferably axially symmetrical products made of three materials for example partial hollow body material / filler material / surface structuring material), in which the latter is applied by jet printing, achieve production times of a few seconds.
- Claim 2 describes a method in which the product body produced is manufactured with a dimensional stability (FH) of> 95%, this being a measure of a deviation in the product body dimensions or product body part dimensions and / or the cross-sectional shape dimensions of the printed product body or product body parts from Target value ⁇ 5% is established.
- FH dimensional stability
- extrusion and / or jet printing processes are used for production, the discharged masses being connected to one another by sintering, gluing or welding with already discharged, solidified and / or partially solidified masses / mass parts.
- connection of the newly applied masses with already partially solidified or solidified materials is essential.
- the connection is made by partially remelting or sintering the already (partially) solidified mass through part of the thermal energy of the newly applied mass.
- sticking can also occur, and with special processes also welding, for example with the aid of a further energy source such as a laser.
- the degree of connection between two layers can be controlled by precise control of the temperatures or the specific energy input, so that on the one hand functional product properties of the specifically functionalized masses are largely retained or on the other hand the texture of a food in the case of defined structural changes in a remelted one Layer can also be used for targeted structure / texture setting.
- Claim 4 describes a method in which the degree of bonding, sintering or welding is determined by the mass-specific process parameters, such as temperature and / or extrusion pressure and the material-specific parameters of flow behavior, fluid or solid - crystalline or amorphous or temperature-dependent solidifying or ion type / ion concentration-dependent yellow-binding - phase proportions in the masses can be controlled or regulated.
- connection mechanisms between two layers depend on the masses and their compositions themselves.
- the extrusion pressure to increase the contact area and the solidification mechanism in general are essential. Due to the process, the high flexibility with regard to the printing materials to be used is advantageous. This means that the various connection mechanisms between two layers can be handled flexibly and can be used side by side (in the same product).
- Claim 5 describes a method in which for each of the product bodies / product body parts to be printed, adapted to the respective product length scale, a printing device consisting of print head, matching print head characteristics, dosing unit, temperature control unit and a robotic device, which form a production unit, is used, wherein the printing device can be coupled or decoupled with the robotic device via a bayonet system or can be exchanged for another corresponding printing device, the components being components of the printing device and the robotic device are programmably controllable or regulatable in a temporally and spatially coordinated manner, and two or more of these production units working partially to completely simultaneously print the product bodies or the product body parts of different product length scales at an adapted controlled speed and place these parts during printing in such a way, that a previously determined spatial arrangement and connection are established.
- this object is achieved in that for each of the product bodies / product body parts to be printed, adapted to the respective product length scale, a printing device consisting of a print head, matching print head characteristics, dosing unit, temperature control unit and a robotic device, which form a production unit, is provided is, wherein the printing device can be coupled or decoupled with the robotic device via a bayonet system or can be exchanged for another corresponding printing device, the components of the printing device and the robotic device being programmably controllable or regulatable in a temporally and spatially coordinated manner, and two or more of these production units working partially to completely simultaneously print the product bodies or the product body parts of different product length scales at an adjusted controlled speed and print these parts at Place the print in such a way that a previously determined, defined spatial arrangement and connection are established.
- the modular structure of a production unit from (1) a printing device, in turn consisting of (1.1) print head, (1.2) dosing unit and (1.3) temperature control unit, and (2) a robotic device is particularly advantageous. This enables their variable combination and supports the high flexibility with regard to a quick adaptation to different products or production conditions. This is further supported by the arrangement of a bayonet system, the printing device, and the robotic device designed to be quickly exchangeable.
- Claim 7 describes a device in which each of the printing devices has a print head with one or more adjustable metering units, each of which is connected to one or more exchangeable mass storage / supply units. With the possibility of also being able to change a connected mass supply / supply unit for each print head with a dosing unit, the degree of flexibility of the device is advantageously increased further.
- Claim 8 describes a device in which the print heads with one or more metering units optionally generate individual drops, sprays or strands with respective adaptation to the theological properties of the masses to be printed.
- the device is characterized in that the respective dosing unit is adapted to the rheological properties of the masses to be printed as well as to the dosing kinetics of an associated actuator and the nozzle geometry.
- the advantage of the device according to the invention addressed in claim 14 lies in the adaptability of the dosing kinetics and thus the printing speed via (a) the adjustable rheological properties of the printing materials and (b) the coordinated geometry of the printing nozzle. This corresponds to a further expansion of the usable degrees of freedom for setting the printing process and thus a further increase in flexibility.
- a device according to the invention is characterized in that the print head adapts to the rheological properties of the masses in the area to be printed, taking into account irreversibly structure-changing stresses in the mass via its temperature control with a temperature setting accuracy of +/- 1 ° C, preferably +/- 0.5 ° C, more preferably +/- 0.1 ° C.
- the sensitive adjustability of the theological printing mass properties via the mass temperature is advantageous. This can also be fine-tuned with adequate presetting in the mass supply / supply unit in the print head.
- the product is a food, a chocolate product, sugar confectionery product, pasta, pastries / baked goods, spread, cheese, snack composite, vegetable protein-based meat analog, dairy product, fat product , Sausage / pate, dessert, ice cream.
- the subject matter of the invention enables the production of novel functionalized food products and product qualities with improved functionality with regard to the sensory perceived aroma, taste and texture properties (e.g. aroma boost) as well as potential savings in functionalizing ingredients and their production with high throughput rates.
- novel functionalized food products and product qualities with improved functionality with regard to the sensory perceived aroma, taste and texture properties (e.g. aroma boost) as well as potential savings in functionalizing ingredients and their production with high throughput rates.
- the new product qualities and functionalities are therefore of great interest from consumer / User perspective with regard to their sensory preference, as well as nutritional aspects relevant to health.
- the object can be achieved according to claim 12 in that the product is a cosmetic / care product, a lipstick or a soap.
- Novel product shapes and the incorporation of different fragrances into different parts / zones of the cosmetic product create ergonomic, aesthetic and sensory advantages.
- the object is achieved according to claim 13 in that the product is a pharmaceutical product, a wound pad, a suppository, a prosthesis, a corset, an artificial joint, a support structure or a surgical aid for fixing bones.
- the product according to claim 14 is characterized in that it is a composite product consisting of two or more materials from the material groups plastic, ceramic, metal and natural substance, a support element, a wooden component, a prosthesis, a corset or an artificial joint.
- the particular advantage lies in the possibility of placing several masses with specific functionalities defined in products, tailored to the function to be achieved, and manufacturing them in a simplified manner in a short production time (for example artificial joint; see description of claim 18 using "artificial" materials, e.g. fiber-reinforced polymers for macro-element and Teflon layer as socket lining)
- Claim 15 describes a product which consists of two or more masses of the same or different composition, the product bodies or product body parts produced from the different masses have different dimensions and these product body parts are permanently fixed or movably connected to one another.
- a product can either be composed of different masses or consist of the same masses which, however, are added to the product in the form of product parts or partial areas from different pressure units on different length scales.
- a product part or sub-area is to be understood as a coherent product unit generated by the action of a pressure device. It is an essential advantage of the method according to the invention that large-volume, filled or hollow parts of uniform composition are produced by direct extrusion of these parts.
- At least two, but differently composed, masses are required if gradients of a functional component (in the case of a food such as sugar, salt, fat, flavor) are created.
- a functional component in the case of a food such as sugar, salt, fat, flavor
- the dimensions of the product parts with different functional component concentrations and thus also their share in the product are determined. In this way, gradients of different strengths, with the same or reduced concentration of a functional component in the entire product, can be implemented for tailor-made perception characteristics.
- Claim 16 describes a product in which the product functionality with regard to haptics, texture, optics, aroma sensors is determined by the application-specific composition of the substances involved in the printing process with regard to their concentration of aroma, taste, color or texture components or by the respective Arrangement of these masses in the product body or in product body parts or through the shaping of the product body or the product body parts or through the detailed shaping of the surface of the product body or the product body parts in question.
- the spatial arrangement of various compounds doped with functional components is decisive for the advantageous functionality of the product, since the relevant receptors then come into contact with the functional component (s) at certain times.
- the intensity of the effect depends on the concentration of the functional component (s), but also on their placement in the product and the “structural environment” of such a placement location.
- an enlarged surface results which touches the tongue or palate surface when a corresponding food is consumed in an initial phase of the consumption process.
- Individual "printed" elevations for example, which melt under physiological temperature conditions, touch receptors (in the case of food, for example, taste buds) are predestined.
- the specific product surface which is enlarged by the surface structure, ensures more intensive perception as a result of improved spreading and distribution of the melting elevations with the functional aroma / taste component contained.
- the shape of the overall product also has a corresponding effect, which, for example, improves the contour of the mouth / tongue / palate.
- a product can be found in claim 17 in which one or more masses are formulated from a nutritional point of view.
- certain, above all nutritionally advantageous, ingredients can be present in one or more masses and thus resulting different product parts.
- nutritionally valuable, but sensory problematic, functional components can only be present in certain quantities, which are intended for an arrangement inside a product or product part in such a way that they do not come into contact with the taste receptors in the mouth, or only very little Gastrointestinal tract, on the other hand, can be efficiently released and thus become physiologically effective.
- the product according to claim 18 is characterized in that the formulation of the masses with regard to sugar and / or salt and / or fat contents and / or contents of other additives and / or functionalizing components, tailored to the arrangement in the product body or in product body parts, reduces the same Components implemented throughout the product without any sensory or functional disadvantages. It has been found to be very advantageous that, in particular, an uneven distribution of substances in connection with their targeted arrangement and / or concentration in the product can lead to the perception of functional components being increased, but also reduced. While the aim is generally to reduce the substance in the case of sugar, for example, in the case of substances that are nutritionally valuable but sensory disadvantageous, one will aim for a reduced perception. In addition to the dependencies already mentioned, the microstructure of the masses is also essential for perception, especially when masses do not or only incompletely melt under physiological conditions with the usual residence time in the mouth.
- the process for the production of products in which one or more functional components are distributed anisotropically, preferably between outer layers and the core of a product, has proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the crushing of the product in the mouth, but above all a controlled melting or dissolving (in Saliva or in connection with consumed beverages) ensure that functional components are released first in the immediately accessible superficial areas.
- the duration of the respective melting or dissolving process is essentially controlled via the viscosity of the mass (s) containing the functional component (s) and their interaction with saliva and / or additionally consumed liquids (for example beverages).
- Low viscosities and improved solubility ensure that a functional component is perceived much more intensively, but also usually over a shorter period of time.
- the structure of the mass determines the intensity and duration of an aroma / taste component perception. For example, in the case of an emulsion-based or foam-based structuring, significantly different release rates of the functional aroma / taste component will result (usually significantly accelerated in the case of an emulsion).
- water-in-oil (w / o) or oil-in-water (o / w) phase configurations can be used with functional components which are soluble in the water or oil phase and in their release behavior in the oral cavity or in the gastrointestinal tract accelerated (included in the continuous phase) or delayed (included in the disperse phase) released and thus become effective.
- functional component in the aqueous phase which is opposite an oil phase mixes with saliva significantly improved, also released more quickly and become effective.
- a product can be derived from claim 20 in which the composition of the masses of which the product body consists, by means of a physiologically coordinated arrangement of the functionalized masses or the dimensions of the product body parts produced by these masses or their shape or the release of the function-determining components Mass properties, a reduction in the total content of corresponding functionalizing components is effected without their intended physiological effect being impaired.
- An essential advantage of the invention is that substances such as sugar, salt, aromas or other functionalizing components are placed in the product in such a way that they are perceived as best as possible from a sensory point of view, for example.
- substances such as sugar, salt, aromas or other functionalizing components
- it can be advantageous to localize significant portions of the sugar content in the overall product in the outer product layers, sometimes directly on the surface in the form of small drops, which leads to a sensory change in perception.
- the concentration of the functional component can be lowered to such an extent that his or her original perception is not changed will.
- Either functional components e.g. aromas
- the release properties of the masses are also decisive for the perception of the substances.
- functional components can be arranged in spaces between the crystals so that they hit the taste receptors in a more concentrated form.
- the melting properties are an important criterion for the development of perception, since mixing the chocolate / fat matrix with saliva in particular leads to a dilution effect, so that the perception of the functional components is reduced when the Melting process takes longer.
- This object is achieved according to claim 21 by a control or regulation for a device for the flexible 3D printing technical production of preferably non-symmetrical product bodies or non-symmetrically arranged masses in these printed product bodies, from two, partly to completely simultaneously on different product length scales - in the centimeter range, in the mil- Limeter range or in the micrometer range printed product bodies or product body parts through these product length scales - in the centimeter range, millimeter range, micrometer range - associated printing devices, with one or more multi-axis robots, with one or more computer units, which the printing device according to product-specific data stored in a memory of the computer unit in question Control or regulate the product body or product body parts to be printed.
- a control or regulation according to the invention is described for the flexible 3D printing technical production of preferably non-symmetrical product bodies and / or non-symmetrically arranged masses in these product bodies, from at least two, partially to completely simultaneously to be printed on different product length scales, preferably different flowable masses, by means of these and the different product body length scales adapted, assigned printing devices, the at least two printing devices assigned to a manufacturing device or manufacturing devices with one or more multi-axis robots being assigned to at least one central computer unit that stores the printing devices and coupled robotics devices in a data memory relevant computer unit stored data in their motion sequences and printing speeds, taking into account the rheology of the masses to be printed s controls or regulates, whereby the setting of the printing material temperatures made via the respective temperature control unit is used as an additional manipulated variable for the fine adjustment of the theological properties of the mass.
- a control and regulating device is characterized in that the computer unit and the associated printing devices are freely linked in a higher-level control or regulation algorithm.
- a control or regulation is described in which the central control or regulation unit control or regulate continuously or intermittently operating conveyor devices for the removal of printed product bodies.
- the facilities surrounding the production facility that interact with it such as, in particular, the products / product parts that are being printed or created, either to support the printing process or for removal, specifically moving conveying facilities, which are taken into account in the control or regulation of the production facility .
- the object is achieved, among other things, by a chocolate product, sugar confectionery product, pasta, pastries / baked goods, spread, cheese, snack composite, vegetable protein-based meat analogue, dairy product, fat product, sausage product / pie, dessert or ice cream.
- 1 shows a production facility in the form of a plan
- 3 schematically shows a (partially) synchronous multi-scale 3D-printed product body with macro, meso and micro-scale product parts.
- the sub-designations “a” stand for components belonging to a printing device 11a, which prints product parts on a macroscopic length scale.
- the sub-designation “b” stands for components belonging to a printing device 11b, which prints for meso product parts on a mesoscopic length scale
- the sub-designation “c” denotes components belonging to a printing device 11c, which prints product parts on a microscopic length scale.
- the reference numerals 1a, 1b and 1c denote print heads which are each assigned to a possibly multi-axis robot 2a, 2b or 2c, the motor drives and power supply lines of which, for the sake of simplicity, are not included. tents are shown.
- a metering unit 3a, 3b or 3c and a respective temperature control unit 4a, 4b and 4c are assigned to the respective print head 1a, 1b and 1c.
- the lines 6a, 6b and 6c are each connected in a material-conducting manner to a material tank 5a, 5b or 5c, via which the individual material flows can be fed in a controlled or regulated manner to the respective print head 1a, 1b or 1c in a recipe-specific manner.
- the reference numerals 10a, 10b and 10c each designate computer units which are assigned to the respective printing device 11a, 11b and 11c.
- the computer units 10a, 10b and 10c are assigned programmable data memories (unspecified) in which data for the respective recipes of the masses to be printed and the product bodies to be printed as well as assigned tolerance information and algorithms (including Al- / machine-learning-based) for timing control are stored are.
- the computer units 10a, 10b and 10c each have a control or regulating unit 7a, 7b, 7c for metering the printing head 1a or 1b or 1c and its metering units 3a, 3b and 3c supplied materials for printing.
- One control or regulating unit 8a, 8b or 8c is used to control or regulate the respective temperature control unit 4a, 4b or 4c.
- 9a, 9b or 9c denotes a control or regulating unit for controlling or regulating the movement of the multi-axis robots 2a, 2b and 2c and their print head 1a, 1b or 1c and possibly other parts.
- the respective control and regulating unit 7a, 7b or 7c is each connected via a line 20a or 20b or 20c to the assigned metering unit 3a, 3b or 3c in a signal-conducting manner, while the control and regulating unit 8a, 8b or 8c is used for temperature control is connected to the temperature control unit 4a, 4b or 4c via a respective line 21a, 21b or 21c.
- the control or regulating unit 9a, 9b or 9c is connected in a data-conducting manner to the robot 2a, 2b or 2c in question via a line 22a, 22b or 22c for controlling the movements of the robot 2a, 2b or 2c.
- the relevant print head 1a, 1b or 1c can, depending on the design, spray a spray jet 15 onto a substrate or onto a suitable base 19, or apply a strand 14 onto the substrate or base 19, or the material to be printed as drops 13 print and apply to the substrate or the base 19.
- a suitable conveying device 23 can also be arranged here, the product body or product body parts from the printing device 11a, 11b or 11c with the printing head 1a, 1b or 1c into the intake area of a further printing device, for example 11b or 11c, transported with another robot, for example 2b or 2c, which prints the product body parts printed or imprinted by the printing device 11a with other product body parts to form a finished product body and connect them therewith.
- the working areas of the printing devices 11a, 11b and 11c spatially overlap one another in order to realize the partial to completely synchronous printing processes on the various length scales.
- the conveyor device 23 complements the motion sequences of the robots 2a, 2b or 2c in a program-controlled manner in order to minimize or optimize their travel paths.
- FIG. 1 also shows a central control or regulating unit 10d for a production facility 12 consisting of several printing devices 11a, 11b and 11c, in which recipe-specific data and algorithms (including Al / machine learning based) for timing control for the product body parts or product bodies to be printed are stored in a programmable manner in the interaction of the various printing devices 11a, 11b and 11c, the printing devices 11a, 11b and 11c in turn from the respective printing heads 1a, 1b and 1c, the metering units 3a, 3b and 3c, the temperature control units 4a, 4b and 4c and the respectively assigned robots 2a, 2b and 2c exist.
- recipe-specific data and algorithms including Al / machine learning based
- the central control and regulating device 10d is connected to the three computer units 10a, 10b and 10d for the three printing devices 11a, 11b and 11c for data transmission via lines 24, 25, 26 - as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- the connection can also be made wirelessly.
- the computer units 10a, 10b and 10c are each assigned to a multi-axis robot 2a, 2b and 2c, respectively.
- the printing device 11a is assigned a robot 2a with print head 1a, a dosing unit 3a and a temperature control unit 4a, with which relatively large printed product bodies 16 are generated, while the printing device 11b is assigned a robot 2b with print head 1b, a dosing unit 3b and a temperature control unit 4b.
- the printing device 1b prints product bodies 17 of medium size.
- the printing device 11c with robot 2c, print head 1c, dosing device 3c and temperature control unit 4c finally prints small product bodies 18, which are applied, for example, to a product body 17, which in turn is printed on a larger product body 16 printed by the print head 1a.
- the conveying device 23 is driven by a motor in the X or Y direction, for example by a regulatable or controllable electric motor.
- the drive can be continuous or intermittent, controlled by the central control or regulating unit.
- direction 10d in programmable coordination with the participating, possibly multi-axis, for example six-axis, robots 2a, 2b or 2c.
- Several manufacturing devices 12 can also be arranged in parallel and / or one behind the other and controlled or regulated via the central control or regulating device 10d, so that different product bodies or product body parts can be printed simultaneously or at different times in parallel and / or in series.
- a production facility in the application area of chocolate confectionery technology with assigned three printing devices 11a, 11b and 11c can be used for partially to completely simultaneous printing of product parts on macro (cm), meso- (mm) and micro-length scale ( ⁇ 100 micrometers), for example, create a macroscopic 3D macro housing profile of a chocolate bar with different 3D cavities, impress meso-scale fillers in parts of these cavities and insert micro-scale aroma capsule drops into other cavities or parts of the product surface. or imprint (see for example Fig. 2).
- a relatively complex product body with the reference numeral 27 is shown schematically from FIG. Chen micro-product body parts 18, which are material-related and integrally connected to one another in the manner shown to form the common product body 27.
- FIG. 3 the various macro-, meso- and microscale pressure hull parts are provided with the reference symbols 16a (macro-), 17 (meso-) and 18 (micro-), as already in FIG.
- body parts for automobile construction for example sills, bumpers, spars with reinforcing ribs and shock-absorbing sub-areas, can also be printed, in particular from composite building materials.
- Such product bodies are connected to the body by gluing, so that weight-saving, multifunctional lightweight constructions can be produced that meet today's efforts to save drive energy and protect the environment.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020000571.3A DE102020000571A1 (de) | 2020-01-29 | 2020-01-29 | Verfahren zur flexiblen 3D-Druck-technischen Herstellung von bevorzugt nicht-symmetrischen Produktkörpern und/oder nicht-symmetrisch angeordneten Massen sowie Einrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Produkte und eine Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung zur Steuerung oder Regelung einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung und Verwendung eines erfindungsgemäßen Produkts |
| PCT/EP2021/000003 WO2021151617A1 (de) | 2020-01-29 | 2021-01-07 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum 3d-drucken |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4096899A1 true EP4096899A1 (de) | 2022-12-07 |
Family
ID=74215876
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21701389.5A Pending EP4096899A1 (de) | 2020-01-29 | 2021-01-07 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum 3d-drucken |
Country Status (4)
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| US (1) | US20230347588A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4096899A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020000571A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021151617A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4011217A1 (de) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-15 | Scienion GmbH | Verfahren einer lebensmittelherstellungsvorrichtung zur herstellung eines lebensmittels in einem 3d-druckverfahren |
| AT18156U1 (de) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-03-15 | Hoffmann Klaus | Anlage zur Bearbeitung zumindest eines Werkstücks |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6280784B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-08-28 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc | Method for rapidly making a 3-D food object |
| WO2014110590A1 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-07-17 | Scripps Health | Tissue array printing |
| US20180192686A1 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-07-12 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd. | 3-dimensional printing of food |
| CN106064477B (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-05-31 | 北京易速普瑞科技有限公司 | 一种可快速更换3d打印喷头 |
| CN105946233A (zh) | 2016-06-17 | 2016-09-21 | 季鹏凯 | 多喷嘴3d打印喷头及打印方法及3d打印机 |
| US10807292B2 (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2020-10-20 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Extrusion die and nozzle cooling system for large scale 3D additive manufacturing |
| SG11202009767PA (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2020-10-29 | Panacea Biomatx Inc | Method and system for making personalized nutritional and pharmaceutical formulations using additive manufacturing |
| CN209869407U (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-12-31 | 河北工业大学 | 一种双臂协同3d打印机器人 |
| GB201901092D0 (en) | 2019-01-26 | 2019-03-13 | Jet Eat Printed Food Ltd | Multi-layered meat substitute and methods of production thereof |
| EP4010173A4 (de) * | 2019-08-09 | 2023-08-30 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Anordnungen und verfahren zur generativen fertigung |
| EP3841882A1 (de) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-06-30 | Josef Zehnder | Formkörper auf basis von polysaccharid-haltigen substanzen |
-
2020
- 2020-01-29 DE DE102020000571.3A patent/DE102020000571A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-01-07 WO PCT/EP2021/000003 patent/WO2021151617A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-01-07 EP EP21701389.5A patent/EP4096899A1/de active Pending
- 2021-01-07 US US17/796,460 patent/US20230347588A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021151617A1 (de) | 2021-08-05 |
| US20230347588A1 (en) | 2023-11-02 |
| DE102020000571A1 (de) | 2021-07-29 |
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