EP4095334A1 - Un élément préfabriqué pour un bâtiment - Google Patents

Un élément préfabriqué pour un bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4095334A1
EP4095334A1 EP21195974.7A EP21195974A EP4095334A1 EP 4095334 A1 EP4095334 A1 EP 4095334A1 EP 21195974 A EP21195974 A EP 21195974A EP 4095334 A1 EP4095334 A1 EP 4095334A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
prefabricated element
wall
connecting members
walls
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21195974.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jacopo Montali
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Algorixon Srl
Original Assignee
Algorixon Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Algorixon Srl filed Critical Algorixon Srl
Publication of EP4095334A1 publication Critical patent/EP4095334A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2002/3488—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by frame like structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated element for the construction of buildings, which finds use in civil engineering, construction engineering and architecture.
  • building prefabrication speeds up construction and reduces uncertainties in manufacturing times as compared with conventional on-site construction techniques.
  • highly prefabricated systems are known in the art for building facades.
  • these highly prefabricated systems use a plurality of modules, manufactured in outsourcing factories, and ready for on-site installation.
  • the modules require operations for affixing joint systems between modules, when these are not part of the module itself.
  • This type of systems for prefabrication of building facades encompasses, for example, "cell” systems, "prefabricated concrete panel” systems, or "timber frame wall” systems.
  • systems that are not strictly prefabricated are known in the state of the art, which are defined by their name as having a substantially lower prefabrication level as compared with the above-described highly prefabricated systems. That is, systems that are not strictly prefabricated require significant component assembly and finishing operations on site.
  • This type of systems encompasses, for example: stick curtain wall systems, dry construction systems and the more conventional wet construction systems, such as semi-solid brick block walls with external insulation finished and joined with mortars.
  • prefabricated facade systems of known type very often have strong limits in terms of maximum module size, since large modules are not able to ensure the structural stiffness required for the construction of a building.
  • large modules are particularly responsive to forces acting outside the wall plane, such as wind.
  • Prefabricated systems for building facades such as prefabricated concrete panels, which are adapted to impart adequate stiffness even if they are made of large modules; however, they are extremely heavy due to the high density of the materials and the considerable thickness in use.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated element for the construction of buildings which is both light and rigid outside and within the plane of the facade.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated element for the construction of buildings which has a high stiffness-to-weight ratio, to enable the construction of large prefabricated elements which have a sufficient stiff and light structure.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated element for the construction of buildings that allows the integration of a thermally insulating layer with a reduced presence of thermal bridges without losses in terms of stiffness and loading capacity.
  • the prefabricated element of the present invention comprises a pair of walls arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart, in a thickness direction, by a cavity.
  • the walls are fixed to each other by means of a plurality of connecting members, which extend in the thickness direction inside the cavity.
  • the prefabricated element further comprises a plurality of tension cables arranged in the cavity, and having two ends respectively secured to distinct connecting members.
  • the plurality of tension cables when suitably pretensioned, can increase the stiffness of the prefabricated element outside the facade plane, without causing a significant increase in the weight of the prefabricated element itself.
  • the tension cables cause various components of the structural element to cooperate in increasing stiffness according to the principle of tensile structures. Therefore, the size of the prefabricated element may be increased as compared with the prior art.
  • the high stiffness achieved by pretensioning the cables avoids the introduction of additional stiffening material, which would entail a considerable increase in the weight of the prefabricated element.
  • the reduction of the weights of the prefabricated element further provides considerable advantages in terms of logistics, environmental friendliness and easy installation.
  • thermal insulation panels may be advantageously inserted in the cavity formed between the two walls without affecting the structural stiffness of the prefabricated element, which is mainly provided by the structure of the pair of walls and the cable pretensioning value.
  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated element 1 for the construction of buildings, namely for the construction of facades of prefabricated buildings.
  • prefabricated buildings refer to all those building constructions formed by assembling a plurality of prefabricated elements 1, i.e. manufactured in outsourcing factories and subsequently installed on site.
  • prefabricated element 1 is meant to refer to a prefabricated module adapted to be placed next and to be fixed to other modules similar thereto, to define the facade of a prefabricated building.
  • the prefabricated element 1 comprises a frame 11 and a plurality of panels, mounted to the frame 11, which will be further described below.
  • the prefabricated element 1 of the present invention extends 1 in a first direction V-V between a top edge S and a bottom edge I, and in a second direction O-O, orthogonal to the first direction V-V, between a pair of side edges L.
  • the top edge S and the bottom edge I are connected to the side edges L to define an outer perimeter C ext of the prefabricated element.
  • the top edge S and the bottom edge I extend parallel to the second direction O-O, and the side edges L extend parallel to the first direction V-V.
  • the outer perimeter C ext preferably has a quadrangular shape, more preferably a rectangular shape. It should be noted that in alternative embodiments the outer perimeter may have any other geometric shape.
  • the frame 11 and the panels of the prefabricated element 1 define two walls 2 arranged parallel to each other.
  • the two walls 2 are arranged on respective levels of at least two parallel levels and spaced apart from each other in a thickness direction X-X.
  • Each wall 2 extends in the first direction V-V between the top edge S and the bottom edge I, and in the second direction O-O between the pair of side edges L. Moreover, each wall 2 has a plurality of corner regions 20 arranged at the intersections of the top edge S and the bottom edge I with the side edges L.
  • each wall 2 has a surface finishing layer or panel 200 which acts as a support for the application of the final finish that is visible to an external user.
  • This surface finishing layer or panel 200 extends from the top edge S to the bottom edge I in the first direction V-V, and from one side edge L to the other in the second direction O-O.
  • finishing layer or panel 200 may be a base for a plaster coat, a panel of wooden or synthetic material or an additional frame for supporting the finish to form a ventilated facade.
  • each wall 2 is flat and extends parallel to a main extension plane of the facade in which the prefabricated element 1 lies.
  • the frame 11 comprises a plurality of support structures 12, namely at least one support structure 12 per wall 2, included in the wall 2.
  • the support structures 12 are configured to support respective panels of the prefabricated element 1.
  • the support structures 12 are configured to support at least one respective surface finishing layer or panel 200. More in detail, each support structure 12 is composed of a plurality of main beams 120 connected to each other.
  • the support structures 12 comprise at least perimeter support structures 12a, composed of perimeter-main beams 120a.
  • perimeter-main beams 120a are arranged along the outer perimeter C ext of the prefabricated element 1 and thus define its top edge S, its bottom edge I, and its pair of side edges L.
  • each wall 2 has an opening 6 for positioning a fixture, such as a door or a window.
  • This opening 6 is delimited by an opening perimeter portion C int which defines its boundary.
  • the wall 2 has a plurality of opening corner regions 60 arranged along the opening perimeter portion C int .
  • the support structures 12 comprise opening support structures 12b composed of opening-main beams 120b. These opening-main beams 120b are arranged along the opening perimeter portion C int , i.e. surround the opening 6, and define its boundary.
  • each support structure 12 is arranged on a respective one of the levels on which the walls 2 are arranged.
  • the support structures 12 are configured to support at least one panel of the prefabricated element 1 for each level, namely at least one panel for each wall 2.
  • the support structures 12 comprise at least a pair of homologous support structures 12, i.e. two support structures arranged on separate levels and facing each other in the thickness direction X-X.
  • the perimeter support structures 12a of the two walls 2 are homologous to each other.
  • two mutually homologous opening support structures 12b are provided in the distinct walls 2.
  • the walls 2 are spaced apart in the thickness direction X-X by a cavity 3.
  • the cavity 3 is delimited on opposite sides, in the thickness direction X-X, by the two walls 2.
  • the cavity 3 is arranged between the pair of homologous support structures 12 arranged on two distinct levels in the thickness direction X-X.
  • the cavity 3 is at least partially enclosed between two homologous support structures 12 arranged on two distinct levels. Therefore, with reference to Figure 3 , in the thickness direction X-X, the prefabricated element 1 will exhibit, in succession, a support structure 12, the cavity 3 and a support structure 12 homologous to the one on the other side of the cavity 3.
  • the prefabricated element 1 comprises a plurality of connecting members 4 configured to connect and fix the walls 2 together in the thickness direction X-X.
  • the connecting members 4 form a part of the frame 11 that connects the two walls 2.
  • each connecting member 4 extends through the cavity 3 between the two walls 2 in the thickness direction X-X. At least some of the connecting members 4 are arranged along the outer perimeter C ext , and preferably, if the wall 2 has an opening 6, at least some more of them are arranged along the perimeter portion C int of the opening 6.
  • the connecting members 4 arranged along the outer perimeter C ext are referred to as corner connecting members 4a, whereas the connecting members 4 arranged along the perimeter portion C int of the opening are referred to as opening connecting members 4b.
  • each connecting member 4 has a first portion 41 connected to one support structure 12, and a second portion 42 connected to another support structure 12, distinct from and homologous to the one to which the first portion 41 is connected. More in detail, the first portion 41 and the second portion 42 are respectively connected to two perimeter- or opening-main beams 120a, 120b belonging to distinct homologous support structures 12.
  • the perimeter- and/or opening-main beams 120a, 120b each comprise a connecting wall 121 and a supporting wall 122, oriented transverse to its respective connecting wall 121.
  • the perimeter- and/or opening-main beams 120a, 120b have an L-shaped profile obtained by hot rolling of steel bars.
  • the connecting walls 121 of homologous support structures 12 partially delimit the cavity 3 in the thickness direction X-X. More preferably, the connecting members 4 are connected to the connecting walls 121 of perimeter- or opening-main beams 120a, 120b belonging to distinct support structures 12.
  • the connecting members 4 comprise a plurality of bolts configured to be introduced into holes specially formed in the connecting walls 121 of main beams 120 belonging to distinct homologous support structures 12. Once the bolts have been introduced into their respective holes of the connecting walls 121 and appropriately tightened, they are configured to fix the distinct homologous support structures 12 in the thickness direction X-X and hence the two walls 2 associated therewith.
  • the connecting members 4 comprise plates 40, 80, connected to the bolts.
  • the plates 40, 80 are arranged in the cavity 3 between the pair of homologous support structures 12. More preferably, first plates 40 are arranged at the corner regions 20 of the walls 2, and second plates 80 are arranged at the opening-corner regions 60.
  • the plates 40, 80 are interposed between the pair of homologous support structures 12 in direct or indirect contact with each of them on opposite sides. It should be noted that the plates 40, 80 space the homologous support structures 12 apart in the thickness direction X-X, thereby forming the cavity 3 between the two walls 2.
  • each plate 40, 80 is preferably oriented perpendicular to the thickness direction X-X.
  • each plate 40, 80 has at least one through hole adapted to receive a respective bolt, and to be aligned with the holes of the connecting walls 121 of main beams 120 of distinct homologous support structures 12.
  • each bolt when inserted in the respective holes of the connection walls 121 and in the respective hole of a plate 40,80, is configured to clamp the plate to which it is connected between the homologous support structures 12 in the thickness direction X-X.
  • each plate 40, 80 comprises a pair of holes, each having a respective bolt extending therethrough.
  • each plate comprises annular protuberances 45 extending in the thickness direction X-X and surrounding respective through holes.
  • said annular protuberances 45 are provided on both sides of the plate, and each contacts directly or indirectly a respective homologous support structure 12.
  • These annular protuberances are configured to further space apart the homologous support structures 12, to increase the extent of the cavity 3 in the longitudinal direction X-X.
  • the connecting members 4 comprise thermal insulating elements 43, i.e. elements adapted to prevent or limit heat transfer between the homologous support structures 12. At least some of the thermal insulating elements 43 are arranged in the cavity 3 between the homologous support structures 12 to prevent direct contact therebetween, and hence heat transfer from one support structure 12 to the other homologous thereto.
  • the thermal insulating elements 43 are interposed between the plates 40, 80 and the homologous support structures 12. By this arrangement, heat transfer between the support structures 12 through the plates 40, 80 may be limited.
  • the thermal insulating elements 43 comprise washers formed from a low thermal conductivity material, arranged on both sides of at least one plate 40, 80, each at a respective annular protuberance. In other words, at least some of the thermal insulating elements 43 are compressed between a plate 40, 80 and the support wall 122 of a main beam 120. It should be noted that, as used herein, thermal conductivity is meant to be low when below 0.2 W/mk.
  • some of the thermal insulating elements 43 are constituted by the plates 40, 80 themselves.
  • the latter comprise additional thermal insulating elements 44 arranged outside the cavity 3, between a respective connecting member 4 and a respective supporting wall 122 of a main beam 120. More in detail, these additional thermal insulating elements 44 may be interposed between a head portion of the bolt and/or a nut portion of the bolt, and the corresponding support wall 122 of the main beam 12.
  • the prefabricated element 1 further comprises a plurality of tension cables 5 configured to cause the frame 11 to act as a tensile structure, thereby increasing the out-of-plane stiffness of the prefabricated element 1. Therefore, the cables 5 are part of the frame 11 and are configured to tension it to stiffen the prefabricated element 1. It should be noted that the stiffness of the prefabricated element 1 increases as the pretensioning value of the cables 5 increases. In other words, the stiffness of the prefabricated element 1 and the pretensioning value of the cables 5 are proportional. In operation, each cable 5 is tensioned to the design tension, which is determined, for example, based on the limits imposed on maximum out-of-plane displacements of the prefabricated element. Furthermore, the support structures 12 oppose the tension induced by the cables 5 to the required extent.
  • Each cable 5 is arranged in the cavity 3 and has two ends 50 respectively secured to two distinct connecting members 4.
  • at least some cables 5 are secured, at least at one of their ends 50, to respective corner connecting members 4a, by means of respective first plates 40.
  • at least some tension cables 5 are secured, for at least one of their ends 50, to respective opening connecting members 4b, by means of respective second plates 80.
  • each tension cable 5 is indirectly connected, on opposite sides, to the perimeter support structures 12a and to the opening support structures 12b respectively, by means of a respective corner connecting member 4a and a respective opening-connecting member 4b.
  • the cables 5 When the cables 5 are pretensioned, they induce a state of compressive stress in the perimeter-main beams 120a of the support structures 12a, and a state of tensile stress in the opening-main beams 120b, there by generating the so-called "self-tensioning" state.
  • each cable lies in a center plane of the prefabricated element 1.
  • each cable 5 is connected to its respective beam at the center of gravity of the cross section of the beam. The position of the tension cables 5 as set forth above ensures that the stress state induced by the pretensioning of the cables 5 is equally distributed on each homologous support structure 12, without causing imbalances in the prefabricated element 1, and that each beam is loaded mainly in the axial direction.
  • At least one support structure 12 comprises a plurality of stiffening members 10 which are adapted to increase the out-of-plane stiffness of the prefabricated element 1.
  • each stiffening member 10 is connected on opposite sides respective main beams 120 of the same support structure.
  • each stiffening member 10 extends between the top edge S and the lower edge I of the prefabricated element 1 along the first direction V-V, i.e. perpendicular to main extension directions O'-O' of the main beams 120 to which it is connected. More in detail, at least some of the stiffening members 10 are connected to the supporting walls 122 of the opposite main beams of the same support structure 12.
  • two homologous support structures 12 comprise respective stiffening members 10. It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 5 , the stiffening means 10 of the homologous support structures 12 are arranged on opposite sides of the cavity 3, and hence on opposite sides of the plurality of tension cables 5. Therefore, the tension cables 5 are at least partially arranged between stiffening members 10 of distinct homologous support structures 12.
  • the stiffening members 10 of each support structure 12 comprise a plurality of secondary beams, i.e. uprights 10a, which are arranged in succession and spaced apart from each other, in the main extension direction O'-O' of the main beams 120 to which they are connected. Therefore, the uprights 10a of one support structure 12 face each other in the second direction O-O, and face respective uprights 10a of the support structure 12 homologous thereto in the thickness direction X-X.
  • At least one cable 5 is equipped with a plurality of load transfer elements 13, which are adapted to transfer a load oriented transverse to the two walls 2, for example caused by the wind, from the stiffening members 10 to the respective cable(s) 5.
  • each load transfer element 13 is arranged between a respective stiffening member 10 and at least one cable 5, and is connected thereto. More in detail, each load transfer element 13 comprises a first ring portion 13a adapted to fit onto its respective cable 5, and a protuberance 13b adapted to fit in a special seat (not shown) of the stiffening member 10.
  • each cable 5 is preferably equipped with a plurality of load transfer elements 13, arranged in succession along the extent of the cable, so that each one is located level with a respective stiffening member 10 with which it is connected by means of the protuberance 13b.
  • At least one cable has tensioning members 14 configured to move the ends 50 of the cable toward or away from each other to tension it.
  • the tensioning members 14 define one end 50 of at least one cable 5 and comprise a first body 14a, connected to a plate 40, 80, and a second body 14b connected to the cable 5.
  • the first and second bodies 14a, 14b are fastened together, preferably, but without limitation, by means of a threaded connection, therefore, when they rotate relative to each other, they move toward or away from each other by varying the tension value of the cable 5 and the distance between the ends 50.
  • the cable 5 may comprise at least two cable segments connected on opposite sides by the tensioning member 14. The latter moves the two cable segments toward or away from each other by varying its length, thereby adjusting the tension of the respective cable 5.
  • the prefabricated element comprises a plurality of first insulating panels 9a which are configured to act as a heat shield between the two walls 2.
  • the first insulating panels 9a limit heat transfer from one wall 2 to the other.
  • These first insulating panels 9a may be made, for example, of mineral fibers (rock wool, glass fiber), natural fibers (wood wool, cork) or polyurethane-based insulation plates.
  • the first insulating panels 9a lie in the cavity 3 between the two walls 2, and at least some first panels 9a are arranged on opposite sides of at least one cable 5. Even more preferably, the first insulating panels 9a extend in the cavity 3 in the first direction V-V and the second direction O-O, thereby filling the portions of the cavity formed between the plurality of cables 5. In other words, at least some first insulating panels 9a have a first edge 90a arranged at a respective cable 5.
  • each cable 5 is enclosed in the cavity in the first and second directions V-V, O-O by first edges 90a of distinct insulating panels 9a.
  • each wall 2 preferably comprises second insulating panels 9b, which are configured to limit heat transfer through the wall 2.
  • second insulating panels 9b can be made, for example, of conventional mineral fibers (rock wool, glass fiber), natural fibers (wood wool, cork) or conventional insulation plates (polyurethane).
  • the second insulating panels 9b of each wall 2 are arranged on opposite sides of the plurality of cables 5 along the thickness direction X-X. Therefore, the second insulating panels 9b at least partially enclose the first insulating panels 9a in the thickness direction X-X.
  • At least some second insulating panels 9b are arranged between two respective stiffening members 10 in the second direction O-O.
  • at least some second insulating panels 9b have a pair of second edges 90b arranged along two distinct uprights 10a of the stiffening members 10.
  • At least some second insulating panels 9b extend between the top edge S and the bottom edge I in the first direction V-V. More preferably, at least some of the second insulating panels 9b of each wall 2 abut the supporting wall 122 of at least one main beam 120 of a support structure 12, to be supported thereby. In other words, at least some second insulating panels 9b have respective third edges 91b in contact with the supporting wall 122 of at least one main beam 120 of a support structure 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
EP21195974.7A 2021-05-26 2021-09-10 Un élément préfabriqué pour un bâtiment Pending EP4095334A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000013688A IT202100013688A1 (it) 2021-05-26 2021-05-26 Elemento prefabbricato per un edificio

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4095334A1 true EP4095334A1 (fr) 2022-11-30

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ID=77317351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21195974.7A Pending EP4095334A1 (fr) 2021-05-26 2021-09-10 Un élément préfabriqué pour un bâtiment

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EP (1) EP4095334A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT202100013688A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4956957A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-09-18 Koaladesign S.R.L. Device for associating a pair of planar parallel panels
WO1995017561A2 (fr) * 1993-12-20 1995-06-29 R.A.R. Consultants Ltd. Panneaux de construction prefabriques resistant aux tremblements de terre, au vent et au feu, et structures formees a partir de ceux-ci
US9285164B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2016-03-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Cold box sheet metal jacket

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4956957A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-09-18 Koaladesign S.R.L. Device for associating a pair of planar parallel panels
WO1995017561A2 (fr) * 1993-12-20 1995-06-29 R.A.R. Consultants Ltd. Panneaux de construction prefabriques resistant aux tremblements de terre, au vent et au feu, et structures formees a partir de ceux-ci
US9285164B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2016-03-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Cold box sheet metal jacket

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